HARPERS' LATIN DICTIONARY
J± NEW
LATIN DICTIONARY
jTotmkfr on % ©ransktxon of
JFreuntr's Hat in* German HexUfltt
Edited by E. A. ANDREWS, LL.D.
REVISED, ENLARGED, AND IN GREAT PART REWRITTEN By CHARLTON T. LEWIS, Ph.D.
AND
CHARLES SHORT, LL.D.
PBOEESSOB OF LATIN IN COLUMBIA COLLEGE, N. T.
Migite*.
Nero Uork
HARPER & BROTHERS, PUBLISHERS
PRANKLIN SQUARE
(DxforO: At thk Clarendon Press 1891
Copyright, 1879, by Harper & Brothers. — Copyright, 1878, by Harper & Brothers. — Copyright, 1877, by Harper & Brothers. — Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1850, by Harper & Brothers, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Southern District of New York
PUBLISHERS1 ADVERTISEMENT.
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Meanwhile, great advances have been made in the sciences on which lexicography depends. Minute research in manuscript authorities has largely restored the texts of the classical writers, and even their orthography. Philology has traced the growth and history of thousands of words, and revealed meanings and shades of meaning which were long unknown. Syntax has been subjected to a profounder analysis. The history of ancient nations, the private life of their citizens, the thoughts and be- liefs of their writers, have been closely scrutinized in the light of accumulating infor- mation. Thus the student of to-day may justly demand of his lexicon far more than the scholarship of thirty years ago could furnish. The present work is the result of a series of earnest efforts by the Publishers to meet this demand.
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ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX.
A list of the principal words wliicli are variously spelled in MSS. and editions. From Brambach's "Aids to Latin Orthography."
(In most cases the form approved by Brambach is that preferred by recent editors; but there are still several words
on which" high authorities differ from him or from one another. For particulars, see the Lexicon.)
ab in compounds before i (for j), K &, dy Z, n, r, s ; abs before c, q, i ; as before p (asporto) ; a before m and v ; au before /(aufero, aufugio; but afui, v. absum).
abicio, better than abjicio.
abscisio, better than abcisia
absum, afui,. afore, etc. (not abfuf).
ad in compounds before i (for j), h, 6, d,/, m, n, g, v; ac before c, sometimes q (bet- ter adquiro, etc.) ; ag or ad before g> but a or ad before gn, &p, sc, st ; ad or al be- fore I ; ad (less prop, an) before n ; ap (less freq. ad) before p; ad or ar before r ; ad or as before s ; at before t (rare- ly ad).
adicio, better than adjicio.
adsimulo, better than adsimilo.
adulescens (subst), better than adolescens; so adulescentia, etc.
aeneus, aenus, better than ahe-.
aequipero, not aequiparo.
alioqui, better than alioquin.
aliunde or alicunde.
alluciuor or hallu- ; old form halucinor.
ancora, not anchora.
antemna or antenna.
antiquus, old; anticus, that is in front
anulus, anellus, uot ann-.
apud ; also (less freq. ) aput.
arcesso or accerso.
atqui, better than atquin.
auctor, auctoritas, not aut-.
audacter, not audaciter.
autumnus, not auctumnus.
baca, better than bacca.
baccar, better than bacchar.
ballista, better than balista.
balneum or balineum.
barritus, not baritus, barditus.
belua, not bellua.
benedico, benefacio, or separately, bene dico, bene facio.
benevolus, benencus, etc., better than beni- volus, beniflcus.
bipartitus and bipertitus.
braca, not bracca.
bracchium, not brachium.
bucina, not buccina; so bucinator.
caecus, not coecus.
caelebs, not coelebs.
caelum, caelestis, etc., not coel-.
caementum, not cementum.
c&enum, not coeuum.
caerimonia or caeremonia, not cer-.
caespes, not cespes.
caestus, not cestus.
candela, not candella.
Cauda, vulgar form coda.
causa, better than caussa.
cena, not coena.
ceteri, not cacteri.
cheragra or cbiragra.
circumeo or circueo, circumitus or circui- tus.
coclea, better than cochlea.
coicio, better than conicio, coiicio.
comissor or comisor.
comminus, not cominus.
comprehendo, better than comprendo.
condicio, not conditio.
conecto, not connecto ; so conexio, conexus.
conitor, not connitor.
coniveo, not conniveo.
conjunx, better than conjux.
contio, not concio.
conubium, not connubium.
convicium, not convitium.
cottidie or cotidie, not quotidie.
culleus, culleum. not culeus. culeum.
cum, or archaic quom, not quutn.
cum in composition: com before 6, m, p; con before c, d,f g, i (for j): n. q, s, t, v ; but co before gn, before n in conecto, coniveo, etc., and before vowels and h (except comedo, comes, comitor, comi- tium, and their derivv.), hence cogo for coago; cor before r ; con or col before I.
cumba, better than cymba,
cumque, not cunque.
cuppes, better than cupes ; so cuppedo, cuppediae.
cupressus, not cypressus.
Cybebe or Cybele.
damma, not dam a.
Dareus, better than Darius.
deicio, better than dejicio.
denuntio, not denuncio.
deprehendo or deprendo.
derigo and dirigo are to be distinguished; v. these words.
describo and discribo are to be distin- guished; v. these words.
designo aud dissigno are to be distin- guished; v. designo.
deversorium, better than devor-, not diver- sorium.
dicio, not ditio.
dilectus (a military levy), not delectus.
discidium, not dissidium.
discribo, discriptio, v. describo.
disicio (dissicio), better than disjicio.
dissignator (an undertaker, etc.), not desig- nator.
dumetum or dummetum, dumosus or dum- mosus.
dumtaxat, not duntaxat.
dupondius, later form dipondius.
eculeus, better than equuleus.
edo. esum, better than essum.
edylliuni or idy Ilium.
ei (interjection), not hei.
eicio, better than ejicio.
elleborus, better than helleborus.
emo, emptum, not emtum ; so emptio, emptor, etc.
epistula, not epistola ; but epistolicus (=
fc7TfO-To\(Ki>f).
Erinys, not Erinnys.
erus, era, erilis. not herus, etc.
Euander, Euandrus, not Evander.
euhoe (= evoi), not evoe.
ex before vowels and h ; e or ex before
consonants, ex in composition, before vowels, and h, c,
p (except epotus. epoto^, q, t, and 5 ; the
s is better retained, e. g. exsanguis, better
than exanguis, etc. ; e before b, d, g, i
(for J), 7, m, n, r, v ; ef before/ exim or exin.
eximo, exemptum, not exemtum. faenum (vulgar form fenum), riot foenum. faenus, better than fenus, not foenus ; so
faenero, faenerator, etc. fecunditas, fecundo, fecundus, not foecun-
ditas, etc. fetidus, feteo, fetor, better than foetidus,
etc. fetus (subst. and partic), not foetus. futtilis, better than futilis. gaesum, not gesum. Gaetuli and Getuli. Genava, not Geneva.
genetivus, genetrix, not genitivus, genitrix. glaeba, better than gleba. gratiis and gratis. Hadria, Hadriaticus, Hadrianus, not Adria,
etc. Hadrumetum, Hadrumetinus, not Adrume-
tum, etc. [edus.
haedus, not hoedus. aedus. Rustic form
Halaesa, Halaesns, not Halesa, etc.
Halicarnasus and Alicarnasus.
Hamilcar, not Amilcar.
Hannibal, not Annibal.
harena, harenosus, better than arena, etc.
hariola, hariolatio, hariolor, hariolus, and ariola, ariolatio, arioius.
harundo, better than arundo.
haruspex, better than aruspes.
haud and haut ; also, before consonants, hau.
haveo and avco.
hebenus, better than ebenus.
hedera, better than edera.
helluo,' helluatio, helluor, better than he- luo, etc.
hercisco and ercisco.
heri and (in Quintilian's time) here.
Hiberes, Hiberia, Hiberus, not Iberes, etc,
holus, better than olus ; archaic helus.
bumo, humus, not umo, umus.
idcirco and iccirco.
ilico, not illico.
immo, not imo.
in primis, inprimis, and imprimis.
inclitus and inclutus, not inclytus.
incoho, better than mchoo; not incoo.
indutiae, not induciae.
inicio, better than injicio.
intellego, intellegentia, not intelligo, etc.
internecio, better than internicio.
inunguo, not inungo.
Kalendae, better than Calendae.
Karthago and Carthago.
lacrima, not lacruma~lachrima, or lachry- ma.
lamina, lamna, and lammina,
lanterna, better than laterna.
lepor and lepos.
levis, not laevis.
libet, libens ; archaic lubet, lubens ; so li- bido.
littera, better than litera; so litterula.
litus, not littus.
maereo. maeror, maestus, maostitia, not moereo, etc.
maledicus, maleficus, malevolus, better than malivolus, etc.
mille, plur. milia, better than millia.
millies and milies. better than milliens, etc.
muita, not muicta; so muito.
murra, not myrrha.
myrtum, myrtus. not murtum. etc.
navus, better tban gnavus.
ne (particle of affirmation), not nae.
neglego, neglegentia, not negligo, etc,
nenia, not naenia.
nequiquam, better than nequicquam.
nummus, not numus.
numquam and nunquam.
nuntio, nuntius, not nuncio, etc.
ob in composition, before i (for,/), h, 6, <2, Z, w, r, s, t, v (but before s and t frequently written op); also before vowels, except in obsolesco; ob, sometimes om, before m ; oc before c ; of before /; og before g ; op before p ; but 6 is dropped in omitto, operio, ostendo (for obstendo).
obicio, better than objicio.
oboedio, not obedio.
obscenus, better than obscaenus ; not ob- scoenus.
obstipesco, better than obstupesco.
opilio, better than upilio.
otium, otiosus, not ocium, etc.
paelex, better than pelex; not pellex.
paene, not pene nor poene.
paenitet, not poenitet.
paenula, not penula.
Parnasus, Parnasius, not Parnassus, etc.
vi
paulus, better than paullus.
pejero, better than pejuro; not perjuro.
penna and pinna (for the distinction, v. the Lexicon, s. v. penna).
per in composition is unchanged, but r may become I before I (pellicio, cf. pel- lego), or may fall out in compounds of jus andjwro, v. pejero.
percontor, better than percunctor; so per- contatio.
perlego, not pellego nor pelligo.
plebs and plebes, not plebis (nom. sing.).
pretium, not precium.
proelium, not praelium.
proicio, better than projicio.
promunturium, not protnontorium.
protinus, better than protenus.
pulcher, not pulcer.
quamquam and quanquani,
quattuor, better than quatuor.
querela, better than querella.
quicquam, better than quidquam.
quidquid and quicquid.
quotiens, better than quoties.
raeda, better than reda; not rhoda.
recipero, better than recupero.
reicio, better than rejicio.
religio, religiosus. not relligio.
robigo, not rub: go.
ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX.
! saeculum, not seculum. saepes, saepio, not sepes, ote. 1 saeta, not seta. , siirisa, better than sarissa. I satura, later form satira; not satyra. ! scaena, not scena; so scaenicus, etc. ' sepulcrum, better than sepulchrum. | sesoeuti, not sexcenti. : setius, not secius (v. secus). singillatim, not singulatim. sollemnis, not sollennis, sollempnis. somnulentus, better than sornnolentus. stuppa, not stupa, stippa; so stuppeus. suadela, not suadella,
sub in composition, before vowels and hK i (for J), 6, df I, n, 5, t, v; sue before c; suf before/; sug before g; sum or sub be- fore m ; sup beforo p (rarely sub) ; sur or sub before r ; sus (for subs) in susci- pio, suscito, suspendo, sustineo, susten- to, sustuli; su in suspicio, suspiro. subicio, better than subjicio. suboles, not subolis, soboles. subsicivus, not subsecivus. sucus, not succus. suspicio, better than suspitio. taetcr, not teter. tamquam and tauquam. tingo, not tinguo.
totiens, better than toties.
traicio and transicio, better than trajicio.
trans in composition before vowels and 6,
c<fiffiP* r* '» vi iran «sually before $,
always before sc; trans or tra before t
(for i orj), d, I, m} n. tropaeum and trophaeum. tus, not thus.
ubicumque, better than ubicunque. Ulixes, not Ulysses. unierus, not humerus, umesco, umor, umidus, etc., not humeaco,
etc. unguo and ungo. urgeo, not urgueo. utcumque, better than utcunque. utrimque, not utrinque. venum do and venundo. Vergilius, not Virgilius. Verginius, not Virginius. vertex, not vortex, vicesimus, more usual than vigesimus;
not vicensimus. vilicus, vilico, vilicatus, not villicus, etc. virectum, not viretum.' Volcanus, not Vulcanus. vulgus, not volgus. vulnus, not volnus. vultus, not voltus.
ABBREVIATIONS
USED IN REFERRING TO
ANCIENT AUTHORS AND THEIR WORKS.
* The dates are given on the authority of Teuffel, in his History of Roman Literature ; hut those marked (?) are doubtful
or conjectural.
Aggen.
Agrim. or Agrimens.
Albin. Alcim. Aldh.
A em. Mac. Aemilius Macer, poet obiit, B.C. 14
Afran. Lucius Afranius, writer of com-
edy, flor. " 110
Aggenus Urbicus, writer on hus- bandry, ' "(?)AD.400 The ancient writers on survey- ing ; esp. Frontinus, Balbus, Hyginus, Siculus Flaccus, and Aggenus Urbicus. C. Pcdo Albinovanus, poef, " " 28 Alcimus Avitus, Chr. writer, Ob. " 523 Aldhelmus, Bishop of Salisbury, England, " "709 " Ep., Epistula ad Acircium, do metris, etc. u Laud. Virg., De Laudibus Virg^nitatis. Alfen. P. Alfenus Varus, JCLus, fi.(?)B.C. 38 Arnbros. Auibrosius, Chr. writer, ob. A.D. 397 u Do Cain ct Abel. u De Fide, De Fide Libri V ad Gratianum
Augustum. " De Isaac ct Anima. " De Nog et Area. " Ep., Epistulae. " Hexae'm., Hoxaemeron. " in Luc, Expositio Evangelii secundum
Lucam, Libri X. " in Psa., Enarrationes in XII Psalmos. " Off, De Offlciis. Amm. Ammianus Marcellinus, hist. , " " 400
Ampcl. L. Ampelius, historian, fl. (?) " 200
Anthol. Lat. Anthologia I^atina, a collection
of Epigrams, Inscriptions, and Fragments in verse, by p. Bur- mann; edited also by Meyer and by Riese. Apic. Apicius Caelius, writer on cook-
ery, " " 25
But the work Dc Re Coquinaria, ascribed to Api- cius, is a compilation of a later age. App. Lucius Appuleius (Apu.Uphilos., " " 160
'i: Apol.. Apologia, or De Magiu. " Asclep. , Asclepius, or Trismegistus. t( Dogm. Plat, De Dogmate Platouis. u Flor., Florida.
" Herb , Herbarium, a work of the fourth cen- tury A.D., falsely ascribed to Appuleius. " Mag., De Magia, or Apolog-a. 44 Met. or M., Metamorphoses. '• Mund. , De Mundo. " Trism., Trismegistus. Arn. Arnobius Afer, Chr. writer, " " 295
Ascon. Q. Asconius Pedianus, gramm., ob. " 88
Asin. C. Asini us Pollio, orator and hist., " u 5
At. Cap. Ateius Capito, grammarian, fl. " 14
Att. or Ace. L. Attius or Accius, writer of
tragedy, " B.C. 135
Atta, T. Quinctius Atta, writer of com-
edy, " " " 80
Auct. Aetn. Auctor Aetnae ( perh. Lucilius
Junior), "(?)A.D. CO
Auct. B. Afr. Auctor Belli Africani, " B.C. 50
Auct. B. Alex. Auctor Belli Alexandrini { prob.
Aulus Hirtius), " " 50
Auct. B. G. 8. Auctor de Bello Gallico libri viii,
in continuation of Caesar's commentarii (prob. Aulus Hir- tius), " " 50
Auct. B. Hisp. Auctor Belli Hispaniensis, " " 50
or) (Auctor ad Herennium, v. Corni- sr. } \ ficius.
Auct. Her. or\
Auct. ad Her.
Auct. Pervig. Ven. Auctor Pervigilii Veneris, flor. (?) AD. 150
Auct. Priap. Auctor Priapeorum, v. Priap.
Aug. Aurelius Augustinus, Chr. writer, obiit, " 430
'• Acad. , Contra Academicos.
" Civ. Dei or C. D., De Civitate Dei.
" De Doctr. Christ., De Doctrina Christiana.
" Ep., Epistulae.
" Mor. Manich., De Moribus Manichaeorum.
" Music, De Musica.
" Retract., Retractationes.
" Serm., Sermones.
" Tria., De Trinitate. August. Caesar Octavianus Augustus, " " 13
Aur. Vict. Sextus Aurelius Victor, hist, fl. " 3C0
" Caes., Dc Caesaribus. <* Epit. , Epitome de Caesaribus. " Orig., Origo Gentis Romanae. " Vir. 111., De Viris Illustribus. Aus. D. Magnus Ausonius, poet, ob. " 390
" Caes. , De XII Caesaribus,
" Eel., Eclogarium.
" Edyl.,Edyllia, or Idyllia.
" Ep., Epistulae.
" Ephem., Ephemeris.
" Epigr., Epigrammata.
" Epit., Epitaphia.
" G rat. Act., Gratiarum Actio.
" Idyll., Idyllia, or Edyllia,
" Parent. , Parentalia.
" Per., Periochae.
" Prof., Professores.
" Sap., Sapientcs.
" Urb., Ordo Nobilium Urbium. Avien. R. Festus Avienus, poet, " " 370
" Descr. Orb., Descriptio Orbis Terrae, or rie-
p/fj-yrio-/?. " Or. Mar., Ora Maritima. " Perieg, Descriptio Orbis Terrae, or Uepii]-
yt)<ri?.
Boeth. Anicius Manl. Torq. Severinus
Boetius or Boethius,_pAi7os., u " 52o " Anal., Analytica. " Consol., De Consolatione. " Mus., De Musica. " Porphyr., Dialogi in Porphyrium. u Top., De Differentiis Topicis. Brut. M. Junius Brutus, correspondent
of Cicero, ' " B.C. 42
Caccil. Statius Caecilius, writer of com-
edy, fl. " 180
Cael. Aur. Caelius Aurelianus, physician, " (?) A. D. 420
•' Acut., Acutae Passiones. " Tard., Tardae Passiones. Caes. Caius Julius Caesar, historian, ob. B.C. 44
" B. C, Bcllum Civile. ;i B. G, Bellum Gallicum. Callistr. Callistratus, JCLus, fl. A.D. 200
Calp. Calpurnius Siculus, poet, "(?) u 55
" Eel., Eclogae. Capitol. Julius Capitolinus, biographer, " (?) " 320
" Balb.,VitaBalbini. " Gord., Vita Gordiani. " Max., Vita Maximi. " Maxim., Vita Maximini. Cass. Hem. L. Cassius Hcmina, historian, " B.C. 140
Cassiod. Magnus Aurelius Cassiodorus,
historian, ob. A. D. 575
lu Chron., Chronicon.
ABBREVIATIONS.
Cassiod, (cont.). Magnus Aurelius Cassiodorus,
historian, obi it, AD. 575
" Complex., Complexiones in Epistulas Apo-
stolicas. ' ' De Anim. , De Anima, '• Hist., Gothorum Historia. L< Hist. Eccl., Historia Ecclesiastica. " Inst. Div. Litt., Institutio Divinarum Lit-
terarum. -* Var. , Variarum Libri XII.
Cato,
R.K.
M. Fore i us Cato, orator and hist., De Re Rustica.
Cat. or CatulL C. Valerius Catullus, poet, Cels. Aurel. Cornelius Celsus, physic,
Censor. Censorinus, grammarian,
Charis. Flav. Sosipater Charisius, gram-
marian, Cie. or C. M. Tullius Cicero, orator and
philosopher,
" Acad, or Ac, Academicae Quaestiones.
'• ad Brut., ad M. Brutum Epistulae.
" Aera. Scaur., Oratio pro Aemilio Scauro.
" Agr., Orationes de Lege Agraria.
" Am., Do Amicitia, or Laelius.
(k Arat. , Aratus.
" Arch., Oratio pro A. Licinio ArchiA.
'• Att., Epistulae ad Atticum.
11 Balb., Oratio pro L. Corn. Balbo.
" Brut., Brutus sive de Claris Oratoribus.
" Caecin., Oratio pro Caecina, Gael., Oratio pro M. Caelio.
*' Cat., Orationes in Catilinam.
" Cat. M., Cato Major, or De Senectute.
" Clu., Oratio pro Cluentio,
" Deiot., Oratio pro Rege Deiotaro.
" DeOr., De Oratore.
" Div., De Divinatione ad M. Brutum.
'■ Div. in Caecil., Divinatio in Caeciliura.
': Dom., Oratio de Domo sua.
u Fatn., Epistulae ad Familiares.
" Fat.,DeFato.
" Fin., De Finibus.
" Flac. or FL, Oratio pro L. Flacco.
" Font, or FonteL, Oratio pro M. Fonteio.
" Fragm., Fragmenta.
11 Har. Resp., Oratio de Haruspicum Respon- sis.
14 Her., Auctor ad Herennium.
Imp. Pomp., Oratio de Imperio Cn. Pom-
pel, or Pro Lege Manilla. In v., De Inventione Rhctorica. Lael., Laelius, or De AuiicitiA.
'■ Leg., De Legibus.
Lig., Oratio pro Ligario.
u Manil., Oratio pro Lege Manilla, or De Imperio Cn. Pompei.
'■ Marcell., Oratio pro Marcello.
'■ Mil., Oratio pro Milone.
"■ Mur., Oratio pro L. Murena. N. D., De Deorum Xatura. Ofl".,DeOfflciis.
" Opt. Gen., De Optimo Genere Oratorum. Or., Orator ad M. Brutum.
'■ Par. or Parad., Paradoxa Stoicorum.
■' Part. Or., De Partitione Oratoria.
'• Phil., Orationes Philippicae in M. Anto- nium.
■'• Pis., Oratio in Pisonem.
%i Plane, Oratio pro Plancio.
u Prov. Cons., De Provinciis Consularibus.
" Quinct. or Quint., Oratio pro P. Quinctio, or Quinto.
u Q. Fr. or ad Q. Fr, Epistulae ad Q. Fratrcm.
'• Rab. Pcrd., Oratio pro Rabirio Perduello- nis Reo.
" Rab. Post., Oratio pro Rabirio Posthumo.
" Red. Quir., Oratio post Reditum ad Qui- rites.
u Red. in Sen., Oratio post Reditum in Se- natu.
'; Rep. , De Re Public*.
" Rose. Am., Oratio pro Quinto Roscio Ame rino.
" Rose. Com., Oratio pro Sexto Roscio Co- rn oedo.
" Scaur., Oratio pro M. Aemilio Scauro.
''• Sou., De Senectute, or Cato Major.
u Sest. or Sext., Oratio pro Sestio.
" Sull., Oratio pro Sulla.
" Tim., Timaeus. or De Cni verso.
" Tog. Cand., Oratio in Senatu in Toga Can- dida.
" Top., Topica.
" Tull , Oratio pro M. Tullio.
" Tusc, Tusculanae Disputationes.
" Univ., De Universe or Timaeus.
" Vatin., Oratio in Vatinium.
'* Verr., Actio in Verrem.
flor.
B.C. 149
" 54
A.D. 50
" 238
;< 375
ob. B.C. 43
flor. B.C. 210
u a 40
" A.D. 400
((?) " 100
(?) " 295
(?) " 330
" 530
" 438
" 50
1 " 245
475 565
Cine. L. Cincius Alimentus, annalist,
etc. , •
Cinn. C. Helvius Cinna, Epic, poet,
Claud. Claudius Claudianus, poet,
" B. Get. or Bell. Get., De Bello Getico.
'• B. Gild, or Bell. Gild., De Bello Gildonico.
u Cons. Mall. Theod., De Consulatu Fl. Mallii
Theodori. " Cons. Olyb. et Prob., In Consulatum Olybrii
et Probini. " Cons. Stil., De Consulatu Stilichonis. " IV. Cons. Hon., De Quarto Consulatu Honorii. " VI. Cons. Hon., De Sexto Consulatu Honorii. " Epith., Epithalamium. l< in Eutr., in Eutropium Libri II. " in Rutin., in Rufinium Libri II. " Laud. Ser., De Laudibus Serenae Reginae. " Laud. Stil., De Laudibus Stilichonis.
Nupt. Hon. et Mar., De Nuptiis Honorii et Mariae. *' . Rapt. Pros., De Raptu Proserpinae. Claud. Mam. Claudianus Ecdicius Mamertus,
Chr. writer, u Stat. An., De Statu Animae.
Cloat. Cloatius Verus, grammarian.
Cod. Codex,
" Greg., Gregorianus. compiled
** Hermog.. Hermogenianus. "
" Just, or Cod., Justinianeus. "
" Theod., Tlieodosianus. "
Col. L. Junius Moderatus Columella,
writer on husbandry, Commod. Commodianus. Chr. poet,
" Apol., Carmen Apologoticum. " Instr.. Instructiones. Consent. P. Consentius, grammarian,
Coripp. Fl. Cresconius Corippus, poet and
grammarian, *' Johan., Johannis, sive de Bellis Libycis. " Laud. Just., De Laudibus Justini Augusti. Corn. Gall. Cn. Cornelius Ga,l\us,poef, ob. B.C. 25
Corn. Sev. Cornelius Severus,^ostf, u " 28
Cornif. Cornificus, rhetorician (ace. to
Quintilian, the name of the writer of the four books of Rhetorica ad C. Herennium ; usu. cited as Auct. Her.), fl. (?) " 60
Curt. Q. Curtius Rufus, historian, *' A.D. 50
Cypr. Thascius Caecilius Cyprianus,
Chr. writer, ob. " 257
Diet. Cret. . Interpres Dictyos Cretensis,
about " 380
Dig. Digesta, i. e. Libri Pandectarum.
Diom. Diomedes, grammarian, fl. (?) " 375
Dion. Cato, The name inscribed on a collec-
tion of distichs de moribus, etc., probably of the third or fourth century. Donat. or Don. Aelius Donatus, commentator, Dracont. Dracontius. poet,
Hexaem., Hexaemeron Creationis Mundi. Eccl. Scriptores Ecclesiastici.
Enn, Q. Ennms, poet,
'* Ann., Annales. l* Trag., Tragoediae.
Ennod. Ennodius, Chr. poet and biogra-
phtr, '• Ep., Epistulae,
Epithal., Epithalamium, Pan.. Panegyric us. '' Vit. Epiph., Vita Epiphanii.
Eumenius, orator and panegyr- ist, * fl. " 300 Grat. Act., Gratiarum Actio Constantino. Pan. Const, Panegyricus Constantino Augu- sto dictus.
Flavius Eutropius, historian, " '' 375
Fabius Pictor, historian, " B.C. 214
See Gratius Faliscus.
Fnxoriims, philosopher, " A.D. 130
L. Fenestella, historian, (i " 36
Sext. Pompeius Festus, gramma- rian, about (?) " 150
I Julius Firmicus Maternus, math- \ ematician, u " 340
Flor. L. Annaeus Florus, historian, " " 140
Venantius Fortunatus, Christian poet, " "600
350
490
ob. B.C. 169
A.D.521
Eum.
Eutr. Fab. Pict. Falisc. Favor in. Fen est. Fest.
Firm. Mat. or) Firm. j
Fortun. or ) f Yen. Fort, J \
ABBREVIATIONS.
flor.
ob.
168
550
10
420
B.C. 44
Front, or Frontin. S. Julius Frontinus, engineer, etc., obnt, A.D. 103 " Aquaed., De Aquaed uctibus Urbis Romae. " St rat. , S trategem at i ca. Fronto or Front. M. Cornelius Fronto, orator, " ad Marc, Epistulae ad M. Aurelium. " ad Ver., Epistulae ad Verum Imperatorem. 1( De Diff., De Differentiis. " De Eloq., De Eloquentia. Fulgt Fabius Planciades Fulgentius,
grammarian, etc., » De Aetat., De Aetatibus Mundi. " Expos., Expositio Sermonum Antiquorum. » Myth., Mythologiae. u Verg. Cont., Vergiliana Continentia, Gai. Gaius, JCtus,
" Inst, Institutiones Juris Civilis. Gell. Aulus Gellius, gramm., etc.,
German. Caesar Germanicus, poet,
Gloss. • Glossarium.
" Cyril., Cyrilli. " Isid., Isidori. " Philox., Philoxeni. Gmt. Gratius Faliscus, poet,
" Cyn. or Cyneg.. Cynegetica. Her. See Auctor ad Herennium.
Hier< Hieronymus, Chr. writer,
lt Cant. Cantic, Homiliae inCanticaCanticorum. " Cont. Pelag., Dialogi Contra Pelagianos. " Ep., Epistulae. " in Isa., in Iesaiam Comraentarii. '• in Psa., in Psalmos Tractatus. Hirt Aulus Hirtius, historian {= Auct.
B. G. 8, in continuation of Cae- sar's commentaries ; and Auct. B.Alex.), Hor. Q. Horatiua Flaccus, poet,
" A. P., ArsPoetica, " C, Carmina, or Odae. " C. S., Carmen Seculare. " Ep. , Epistulae. " Epod., Epodi. " Od., Odae, or Carmina. " S. or Sat., Satirac. Hyg< C. Julius Hyginus, poet and fab-
ulist, ,( Astr., Astronomia. 11 F.,Fabellae.^^ Hyg (Gromat.), Hyginus, writer on surveying,
" Lim. or De Lim., De Limitibus Constituendis. Inscr. Inscriptiones.
" Don., Donii. " Fabr., Fabretti. " Graev.. Gracvii. " Grut., Gruteri. " Gud., Gudii. " Maff., Maffeii. « Momms., Mommsenii. " Murat, Muratorii.
" Neap. , Regni Neapolitan! (ed. by Mommsen). " Orell., Orelli. " Rein., Reinesii. Inst. Institutiones.
Isid. Isidorus Hispalensis, gramm.,
" Orig., Origenes. javol. Javolenus Priscus, JCtus,
Jornand. Jornandes or Jordanis, historian,
Jul Val Julius Valerius, historian,
" ' » Ros Gest. Alex., Res Gestae Alexandri Ma- cedonia Julian. Salvius Julianus, JCtus,
jUat. Justinus, historian, about
just. Justinianus, emperor,
" Inst, Institutiones
Liv. Titus Livius, historian,
Liv. Andron. Livius Andronicus, writer of
tragedy, Luc. M. Annaeus Lucanus, poet,
Lucil. C. Ennius Lucilius, satirist,
" Aotn., Aetna, v. Auctor Aetnae. Lucr. T. Lucretius Carus,jpoe« and phi-
losopher, jracr> Aurelius Theodosius Macrobius,
critic, " S. or Sat., Saturnalia. " Somn. Scip., Somnium Scipionia Mamert. Claud. Mamertinus, panegyrist,
Manil. M. Manilius, poet,
Astron, Astronomica,
Marc. Emp. Mart. Mart. Cap.
Maxim. Mel. or Mela Min. Fel
Modest. Monum. Ancyr
10
A.D.100
ob. ft.
ob.
640
100 552 290
130 150 565
Marcellus Empiricus, physician, M. Valerius Martialis, poet, Martianus Minneus Felix Capel
la, satirist, MaximianuSjjpoef, Pomponius Mela, geographer, Minucius Felix, Chr. writer, Oct.,Octavius.
Herennius Modestinus, JCtus., Monumentum Ancyranum, an inscription placed on the wall of the pronaos at Ancyra, by Augustus Caesar, Naev. C. Naevius, poet,
Nazar. Nazarius, panegyrist,
' i Pan. Const. , Fanegyricus Constantini. Nemes. M. Aur. Olympius Nemesianus,
poet, " Cyn., Cynegetica. «' Ecl.jEclogae. ^ep. Cornelius Nepos, biographer,
" Ages., Agesilaus. " Alcib. , Alcibiadea " Arist, Aristides. " Att,Atticus. » Cat.,M. PorciusCato. " Chabr.,Chabrias. " Cim., Cimon. " Con., Conon. " Dat, Datames. " Dion, Dion. " Epam., Epaminondas. Eum, Eumenes. Ham., Hamilcar. Hann., Hannibal. Iph., Iphicrates. Lys. , Lysander. Milt, Miltiades. Paus., Pausanias. Pelop., Pelopidas. Phoc, Phocion. Reg., De Regibus. Them., Themistocles. Thras., Thrasybulus. Tim. or Timol., Timoleon. Timoth.. Tiraotheus.
|
obi it, A.D. |
17 |
|
|
u |
B.C. 204 |
|
|
« |
A.D. |
65 |
|
" |
B.C. 103 |
|
|
(( |
u |
55 |
|
flor |
AD. 400 |
|
|
u |
i( |
362 |
|
" |
" |
12 |
|
« |
« |
400 |
|
ob. |
" |
102 |
|
fl. |
(?) » |
425 520 45 200 |
240
u U ob. B.C. 198 fl. A.D.320
B.C. 44
Juv. Juvenc.
Laber. Lact
D. Junius Juvenalis, poet,
C. Vettius Aquilinus Juvencus,
Chr. poet, C.Decius Laberius, mimographer, L. Caelius Lactantius Firmianus, Chr. writer, " De IraD., De Ira Dei. " Epit, Epitome Divinarum Institutionum. " Inst, (or Lact. alone), Institutiones Divinae. " Mort. Pers., De Mortibus Persecutorum. Laev. Laevius, lyric poet,
Lampr. Aelius Lampridius, historian,
" Alex. Sev., Alexandri Severi Vita, *' Com., Commodi Vita. " Elag., Elagabali Vita, Leg. XII. Tab. Leges duodecim Tabularom, compiled
fl. " 325 " B.C. 50
ob. A.D.325
li.(?)B.C.100 ob. " 300
450
P. Nigidius Figulus, gramm., Nonius Marcellus, gramm,, Notae Tironianae, a late collec- tion of abbreviations ascribed to Cicero's freedman Tiro. Novius, writer of comedy, Novatianus, Chr. writer, Julius Obsequens, writer De Pro-
digiis, Publilius Optatianus Porphyrius,
panegyrist, See Inscriptiones. Paulus Orosius, historian, P. Ovidius Naso, poet,
" A. A. , Ars Amatoria.
" Am., Amores.
" Cons.. Consolatio.
" F. or Fast., Fasti.
" H. or Her., Heroides.
" Hal., Halieuticon.
" lb., Ibis.
" M. or Met, Metamorphoses.
" Med. Fac, Medicamina Faciei.
" Nux, Nux Elegia,
" P. or Pont., Epistulae ex Ponto.
" R. Am. or Rem. Am., Remedia Amoris.
" Tr. or Trist, Tristia.
Pac. or Pacuv. M. Pacuvius, writer of tragedy,
Nigid. Non. Not. Tir.
Nov.
Novat. or Nov
Obseq.
Optat.
Orell. Oros. Ov
» « 60 <(?)A.D.280
< B.C. 90
< A.D. 250
' (?) " 375 " « 330
u u 410
b. " 17
B.C. 135
Pacat.
Latinus Pacatus Drepanius,j9cm-
ABBREVIATIONS.
PalL
Pap in Paul. Paul. Nol
Pan., Panegyricus
Palladius Rutilius Taurus, writer on husbandry, Apr., Aprilis Mensis, or Liber Y. Aug., Augustus Mensis, or Liber IX. Dec, December Mensis, or Liber XIII. Febr., Februarius Mensis, or Liber III. Jan., Januarius Mensis, or Liber II. Jul., Julius Mensis, or Liber VIII. Juil, Junius Mensis, or Liber VII. Mai,, Maius Mensis, or Liber VI. Mart., Marti us Mensis, or Liber IV. Nov., November Mensis, or Liber XII. Oct., October Mensis, or Liber XL Sept., September Mensis, or Liber X.
Aemilius Papinius, JCtus,
Julius Paulus, JCtus,
Pontius Paulinus Nolanus, Chr. writer, Carm., Carmina.
flor. A.D.389 "(?) " 350
Paul. Petr.
Pers.
Petr.
" S. or Sat., Phaedr. Pict. Placid.
Ep., Epistulae.
Plaut.
Paulinus Petricordiensis,poef,
A. Persius Flaccns, satirist,
Petronius Arbiter, satirist, , Satirae.
T. Phaedrus. fabulist,
See Fab. Pict.
Luctatius (or Lactantlus) Placi-
dus, scholiast, T. Maccius Plaut us, writer of
comedy, Am. or Amph., Ampbitruo. As. or Asin., Asinaria. Aul., Aulularia. Bacch., Bacchides. Capt., Captivi. Cas., Caslna. Cist., Cistellaria. Cure, Curculio. Ep. or Epid., Epidicus. Men., Menaecbini. Merc. , Mercator. Mil, Miles Glorioaus. Most., Mostellaria. Pers., Persa. Poen., Poenulus. Ps. , Pseudolus. Rud. , Rudens. Stich., Stichus. Trin., Trinummus. True. , Truculentus.
C. Plinius Secundus (major), H. N., Hist»ria Naturalis (usu. undesignated).
C. Plinius Caecilius Secundus (minor), Ep., Epistulae. , Panegyricus.
Plinius Valerianus, physic, (tbe last book is a later addition), L. Pompon i us, writer of comedy, Sextus Pomponius, JCtus, M. Porcius Latro, rhetorician, Priapea, a collection of satiric and erotic poems and frag- ments appended to L. Mullor's Catullus.
Priscianus, grammarian, Sex. Aurelius Propertius, poet,
Aurel. Prudentius Clemens, Chr. poet, " Cath., Cathemerina. '' c. Symm., contra Symmachum. " Psych., Psycbomachia.
aretp., irep't lT€<pdva}v. Pub. Syr. Publilius Syrus, mimographer,
Q- Cic. Quintus Tnllius Cicero,
" Pet. Cons., De Petitione Consulatus. Quint. M. T. Quintilianns, rhetoHcian,
" DecL, Declamationes.
Inst, (or Quint, alone), InstitutionesOratoriae
|
(4 |
' 200 |
|
'* |
' 200 |
|
obi it, |
1 431 |
|
n. » 470 |
|
|
ob. < |
« 62 |
|
fl. (?) ' |
' GO |
Salv.
flor. A.D.44G
B.C. 95 A.D. 50
" 470 " 15
Sen.
ob.
" •* 40
" (?) " 450 ob. B.C. 184
PI in.
Plin.
" Pan.. Plin. Val.
Pomp. Pompon. Pore. Latro, Friap.
A.D. 79
" 113
"(?) " 400 fl. B.C. 90 ob. A. D. 138 'l B.C. 3
S»n'p^r.n* n Pi- Sallustius Crispus, historian, obiit, B.C. 35 \j. or Kjfii. , (^atinna. '
" Fragm., Fragments " H. or Hist., Historia. J. or Jug., Jugurtba.
Salvianus, Chr. writer, Avar., Adversum Avarjtiam. " Ep., Epistulae. " Gub. Dei, De Gubernatione Dei. Scaev- Q- Mutius Scaevola, JCtus,
Scrib. Scribonius Largus. physician
Comp., Compositions Medicamentorum. Sed«l- CaeliusSedulius, Chr. poet,
S?4n' „ „ M- Annaeus Seneca, rhetorician,
Contr., Controversiae. Suas., Suasoriae.
L. Annaeus Seneca, philosopher and tragedian, 1. Prose writings.
Apocol., Apocolocyntosls.
Ben., De Beneflciis.
Brev. Vit., De Brevitate Vitae.
Clem., De Clementia.
Cons. I-Ielv., ad Helviam Matrem De Consola- tione.
Cons. Marc, ad Marciam De Consolatione
Cons. Polyb., ad Polybium De Consolatione
Const or Const. Sap., De Constants Sapientis.
Ep., Epistulae.
Mort. Claud, or Lud. Mort., De Morte Claudii Caesaris.
Ot. Sap., De Otio Sapientis.
Pro v., De Pro vi dent ia.
Q. N., Quaestioues Naturalcs.
Tranq., De Tranquilhtate Animi.
Vit. Beat, De Vita Beata. 2. Tragedies.
Agam., Agamemnon.
Here. Fur., Hercules Furens.
Here. Oet., Hercules Oetaeus.
HippoL, Hippolytus, or Phaedra.
Med., Medea.
Octav., Octavia.
Oedip., Oedipus.
Phaedr., v. HippoL
Pboen., Phoenissiic.
Thyest, Thyestes.
Troad., Troades. Ser. Samm. Q. Serenus Sammonlcus, physic. ,
Serv. Servius Honoratus, gramm.,
Sev. See Corn. Sev.
Sid- Apollinaris Sidonius, Christian
writer, " Carm., Carmina. Ep., Epistulae.
«{?)
230 390
488
Sil. Sisenn.
Prise. Prop, Prud.
500 16
fl. A.D. 400
" B.C. 44
ob. " 43
'• A.D. 95
Eh em. Fan.
Ruf. Rufin. Rutil. Lup. RutiL or Rutil. Nam.
Rhemmius Fanninus or Remius
Fav'mus, poet, fl, n\ .< j.qq
Pond , De Ponderibus et Mensuris.
Sextus Rufus, historian, " « 350
Tyrannius Rufinus, Chr. writer, ob. •' 410 P. Rutilius Lupus, grammanan, fl. (?) " 50
) f Claudius Rutilius Namatianus,
C, Sili us Italic us, poet,
L. Cornelius Sisenna, historian and orator,
Sol. or Sol in. C. Julius Solinus, grammarian,
Spart. Aelius Spartianus, biographer,
Stat- P. Papinius Statins, poet,
u Ach. or AcbiL, Acbillcis. " S. orSilv.,Silvae. '• Th. orTheb.,Thebais.
Suct- C. Suetonius Tranquil lus, biog-
rapher, Aug., Octavius Augustus Caesar.
■■ Caes., Julius Caes;\r.
" Calig., Caius Caligula.
" Claud., Claudius.
" Dom., Domitianus.
" Galb.,Galba.
': Gram., De Gram mat icis.
" Ner., Nero.
!f Oth..Otho.
'■ Rhet, De Rhetoricis.
11 Tib., Tiberius.
" Tit., Titus.
' ' Vesp. , Vespasianus.
" Vit., Vitellius. SuIP- Sulpicius Severus, Chr. writer,
Symm. Q. Aurelius Symmachus, orator,
etc. ,
C. Cornelius Tacitus, historian, Agr., Agricola. A. or Ann., Annales. Dial., Dialogus de Oratoribus. G. or Germ., Germania. H. or Hist., Historia. Or., Dialogus de Oratoribus. Ter. or T. p. Terentius Afer, writer of com-
edy, <
" Ad.,Adelphi.
" lt 101
" B.C. 57
fl. A.D. 260
" " 285
ob. « 96
Tac.
" 425
4'20 119
B.C. 159
ABBREVIATIONS.
Treb. Pol. Turp. Ulp. Val. Cato,
Val. FL Val. Max. Val. Prob. Varr.
fi. (?) *4 400 ob. B.C. 18 fl. « 40 " " lfiO » A.D.306 " BC.130 A.D.228
Ob.
ler. or T. (contA P. Terentius Afer. writer of com- edy, obiit, B.C. 159 " And., Andria. t; Eun., Eunuchus. 14 Heaut., Heautontimorumenos. u Hec.Hecyra. u Phorm.,Phormio. Ter. Maur. Tcrentianus Maurus, gramm., flor. (?) A.D. 290 Tert. Q. Septimius Florens Tertullia-
nus, Chr. writer, ob. " 220
" ad Uxor., ad Uxorem. " Apol. , Apologeticum. " Cam. Christ.. De Carno Christi. u Cor. Mil., De Corona Militis. u Cult. Fern., De Cultu Feminarum. u Fug. in Pers., Dq Fuga in Persecutions " Idol., Idolotria. " Jejun., De Jejuni is. " Monog., Monogamia. " Paen., De Paeuitentia.
'• Praes. Her. De Prescription ibus Horeticorum. '• Pudic, De Pudicitia. " Spoct., De Spectaculis. " Virg. Vel., De Virginibus Velandis. Theod. Prise. Theodoras Priseianus, physician,
Tib. Albius Tibullus, jsocf,
Tiro, Tiro, freedman of Cicero,
Titin. or Titmn. Titinnius, writer of comedy, Trebellius Pollio, historian, Sex. Turpilius, writer of comedy, Domitius Ulpianus, JCtus, Valerius Cato, poet, about B.C. 80
Dir. , Dirae (by an unknown author ; as- cribed by some to Valerius Cato, and by others to Vergil). C, Valerius Flaccus, poet, fl. A. D 70
Valerius Maxim us, historian, '* " 26
M, Valerius Probus, gramm., " (?) " 60
M. Terentius Varro, writer on husbandry, etc., u L. L., De Lingua lAtina. " R. R., De Re Rustica. Veg. F. Vegetius Renatus, writer on
the art of war, « Mil.,DeReMilitari.
Veg. P. Vegetius, "{?)
" Vet. or Art. Vet., De Arte Veterinaria sive Do Mulomedicina. Veil. P. Vellelus Paterculus, historian, "
Ven. Fort. Venanti us Fortunatus, Chr. poet, ob. " 600
Ver. Flac. Verrius Flaccus, grammarian, "(?)B.C. 4
Verg. P. Vergilius Maro, poet, " " 19
" A. or Aen. , Aenels.
" Cat., Catalecta.
" Cir., Ciris.
" Cop., Copa.
" Cul.,CuIex.
" E. or Eel., Eclogae.
" G. or Geor., Georgica.
" M. or Mor., Moretum. Vib. Seq. Vibius Sequester, geographer, fl.(?)A,D. 500
ob. B.C. 27
fl. A.D 386
420
30
Vitr. Vitruvius Pollio, writer on ar-
chitecture, flor. B.C. 10
Vop. Flavius Vopiscus, historian, " A.D.303
Vulc. Gall. Vulcatius Gallicanus, historian,
about " 295
Vulg. Biblia Vulgatae Editionis (a Lat-
in version of the Hebrew and Greek Scriptures, first made toward the end of the second century, and revised by St. Je- rome,—Hieronymus, A. D. 383- 392).
" Abd.,Abdias.
* ' Act. , Actus Apostolorura.
'• Agg., Aggaeus.
" Am. or Amos, Amos.
'•'- Apoc. Apocalypsis.
" Bar.,Baruch.
u Cant, Canticum Canticorum.
" Coloss., Epistula ad Colossenses.
u Cor., Epistula ad Corinthios.
" Dan., Daniel.
" Deut, Deuteronomium.
u Eccl., Ecolesiastes.
" Eccli., Ecclesiasticus, or Filius Sirach.
" Eph., Epistula ad Ephesios.
'• Esdr., Esdras.
4t Esth , Esther.
u Exod., Exodus.
" Ezech , Ezechiel.
" Gal., Epistula ad Galatas.
" Gen., Genesis.
u Hab., Habacuc.
" Heb.', Epistula ad Hebraeos.
" Isa.,Isaias.
" Jac, Epistula Jacobi.
" Jer., Jeremias.
" Joan., Evangelium Joannis; but 1, 2, 3 Joan., Epistula Joannis prima, etc.
(t Jon., Jonas.
" Jos.,Josue.
" Jud., Epistula Judae.
" Jud. or Judic, Judices,
" Lev.. Leviticus.
" Luc, Evangelium Lucae.
" Mace, or Mach., Machabael.
" Mai., Malachias.
" Marc, Evangelium Marci.
" Matt., Evangelium Matthaei.
" Mich., Michaeas.
" Nah., Nahum.
" Neh., Nehemias, or II. Esdras.
" Num., Numeri.
" Os.,Osee.
" Par. or Paral., Paralipomena,
" Petr., Epistula Petri.
" Phil., Epistula ad Philippenses.
" Philem., Epistula ad Philemonem.
" Pro v., Pro verbia Salomon ig.
«' Psa.,PsaImi.
" Kog.,Reges.
" Rom., Epistula ad Romanoa
" Sap., Sapientia.
" Soph., Sophonias.
" Thess., Epistula ad Thessalonicenscs.
" Tim., Epistula ad Timotheunx
" Tit., Epistula ad Titum.
" Tob., Tobias.
" %ich., Zacharias.
CATALOGUE
EDITIONS OE ANCIENT AUTHORS, BOOKS OF EEEEEENCE, ETC.,
Used in editing this work with the abbreviations by which they are cited. (Only the most important titles are mentioned; the citations of other works are so full as to be intelligible without special explanation.) "^nuuneu,
Abdy and Walker, J. T. Abdy and B. Walker, editors of the Com- mentaries of Gaius, Cambridge, 1870. B. and K., J. G. Baiter and C. L. Kayser, editors of Cicero's
works. Bach, E. C. C, editor of the Metamorphoses of Ovid. Baumg.-Crus., D. C. G. Baumgarten-Crusius, editor of Ovid. Livy and Suetonius. '
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" P. Burmann (Jun.), editor of Ciaudian, Propertius, and Anthologia Latina. Buttm., Philip Buttmann, Lexilogus, etc.
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" Ausspr., Ueber Aussprache, Vocalismus und Betonung der
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" Lat. Syn., Lateinlsche Synonym ik und Etymologie. Don., Aelius Donatus, commentator on Terence and Vergil of the fourth century. '•
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Gerl. or Gerlach, F. D. Gerlach, editor of Sallust, of Tacitus's Ger
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" Abraham Gronovius, editor of Justin, Tacitus, etc. Grotefend, Aug., Lateinische Grammatik.
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OTHER ABBREVIATIONS, SIGNS, ETC.
opp., opposed to, opposite, -tion.
Orig., originally.
p., page.
P. a., participial adjective.
part., participle.
partit., partitive.
pass., passive, -ly, or passage.
patr. , patronymic.
per., period.
perf., perfect.
perh., perhaps.
pers., personal, -ly.
philos., philosophy, -ical, -ically, -opher.
pi. or plur., plural.
pleon., pleonastically.
plqpf., plusquamperfectum.
plur. tant, used only in the plural.
poet. , poetical, -ly.
polit, political, -ly.
posit, or pos., positive.
praef. , praefatio.
praep., preposition.
preced., preceding.
pregn. , pregnant, -ly.
prep., preposition.
pres., present.
prob., probably.
proi.,prologus.
pron., pronount
prooem., prooemium.
prop., proper, -ly, in a proper sense.
prov. or proverb., proverbial, -ly.
qs., quasi.
q. v., quod videas.
rad., radical or root.
rar., rare, -ly.
ref. , refer, -ence.
rel., relative or reliquiae.
respect. , respectus.
rhet., rhetoric, -al; in rhetoric.
Rom., Roman.
a. or act. , active, -ly.
abbrev. , abbreviated, -ation.
abl., ablative.
absol. or abs., absolute, -ly, i. e. without case or adjunct.
abstr. , abstract.
ace. , accusative or according,
access., accessory.
ad loc. or ad h. 1., ad locum or ad hunc lo- cum.
adj., adjective, -ly.
adv. , adverb, -ial, -ially ; or adversus.
agric. or agricult, agricultural
a. h. v., ad hanc vocem.
al., alii or alia, others or other.
amplif., amplificative.
analog., analogous, -ly.
antiq., antiquities.
ap., apud (in).
appeL , appellative.
append, or app., appendix.
Arab. , Arabic.
archit, architecture, -tural.
art., article.
aug., augmentative.
Aug., Augustan.
c, cum (with).
c. c, coupled with.
cf., confer (compare).
chh., church.
class., classic, -al.
Cod., Codex (MS.).
collat., collateral.
collect., collective, -ly.
com., commonly, comicus, comic, or In comedy.
comm. or c, common gender.
commentt., commentators.
comp., compare or comparative
compd.. compound.
concr. , concrete.
conj., conjunction, conjunctive, or conjuga- tion.
constr., construed, -ctioa
contr., contracted, contraction, or contrary.
corresp., oor responding.
dat., dative.
decl., declension.
demonstr. or dem., demonstrative.
dep. , deponent.
deriv , derived, -ative, -ation.
diff., differs or different.
dim., diminutive.
dissyl., dissyllable, -abic.
distr., distributive.
dub., doubtful.
eccl., ecclesiastical.
ed.,editio or editor.
e. g., exempli gratia, ellipt, elliptical, -ly. elsewh., elsewhere epic, epicene, epit., epitaph, equiv., equivalent esp., especially, etc., et cetera, etym., etymology, -IcaL euphon., euphonic, -ny. ex., exs., example, examples, expl., explanation, explained, express., expression. ext, externa, extr., extremo (at the end).
f. or fern., feminine, fig. , figure, -ative, -atively.
* A star before a word denotes that It Is found but once; before a meaning, that the meaning is found but once; and before an
author's name, that the word is used but once in his writings, t This denotes that the word to which it is prefixed is borrowed from the Greek, tt These indicate that a word is borrowed from some other language than the Greek. t This shows that a word is found only in inscriptions, or in the old grammarians or lexicographers. [ ] Words enclosed in brackets, at the beginning of articles, relate to etymology; elsewhere, are of questionable authenticity. Words italicized in the citations have been supplied by the conjecture of editors.
fin. or ad fin., at the end.
finit, finite (opp. to infinitive).
foil., following.
fr. , from.
Fr. , French.
fragm., frgm., or fr., fragmenta.
freq. or fr., frequentative or frequent, -ly.
fut, future.
gen., genitive or general.
geog., geography, -ical.
Germ., German.
Goth., Gothic.
gr. or gram., grammar, -ian, -atical, gram- matici.
Gr., Greek.
h., hence.
h. 1., hie locus (this passage).
h. v., h. vv., this word, these words.
Heb., Hebrew.
hibr., hybrid.
hist., history, -ian.
ib., ibidem.
id., idem.
i.e., id est.
i. q., idem quod.
imper., imperative.
imperf., imperfect.
impers., impersonal, -ly.
inanim., inanimate.
in bon. part., in bonam partem.
in mal. part., in malam partem.
inch., inchoative, inceptive
indecl., indeclinable.
indef., indefinite.
indie., indicative.
inf., infinitive.
init., in., or ad init., at the beginning.
inscrr., inscriptions.
intens., intensive.
interrog., interrogative, -tion.
intr., intransitive.
Ital., Italian.
JCtus, juris consultus.
jurii, juridical.
kindr., kindred.
1., lege or lectio.
JL c. or 1. I., loco citato or laudato, in the place already cited.
lang., language.
Lat., Latin.
leg, legit, legunt.
lex., lexicon.
lit, literal, in a literal sense.
Lith., Lithuanian.
m. or masc, masculine.
math., mathematics, -ical.
med., medio (in the middle).
medic, medical or medicine.
metaph, metaphorical, -ly.
meton., by metonymy.
mid. or med., medial; in a middle or re- flexive sense.
mi lit, military, in military affairs.
MS., manuscript; MSS., manuscripts.
n. or neutr., neuter.
n. pr. or nom. propr., nomen proprium.
naut, nautical.
neg., negative, -ly.
no., numero.
nom., nominative.
num. or numer., numeral.
obj. or object., object, objective, -ly.
obi., oblique.
oin., omit
onomat, onomatopoeia.
saepis., saepissime.
sc, scilicet.
s. h. v., sub hac voce.
s. v., sub voce.
signif., signifies, -catioa
simp., simple.
Span., Spanish.
specif., specifically. [lowing)
sq., sequons; sqq., sequentes (and the fol-
subj., subjunctive.
subject, or subj., subject, subjective, -ly.
subst, substantive, -ly.
suff., suffix,
sup., superlative or supine.
syll., syllable.
syn., synonym, -ymous.
sync, syncopated.
tab., tabula (table, plate).
temp., tense or temporal.
term., termiuus.
trag, tragicus, tragic, or in tragedy.
trans. , translated, -tion.
transf. , transferred.
trisyl., trisyllable, -abic.
trop., in a tropical or figurative sense.
1 1, technical term.
usu., usual, -ly.
v., verb, vide, or vox.
v. h. v., vide hanc vocem.
var. lect, varia lectio (different reading).
vb. , verb.
voc, voeative.
LATIN-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.
1. A, a, indecl. n. (sometimes joined with litter a), the first letter of the Latin alphabet, corresponding to the a, a of the other Indo- European languages : A primum est : hinc incipiam,et quae nominaabhoc sunt, Lucil. ap. Terent. Scaur, p. 2255 P.: sua rostro si humi A litteram impresserit, Cic. Div. 1,13, 23 : ne in A quidem atque S litteras exire temere masculina Graeca nomina recto casu patiebantur, Quint. 1, 5, 61.
II, The sound of the A is short or long in every part of the word ; as, ab, pater, ita ; a, mater, frustra. During a short period (be- tween about 620 and 670 A. U. C. = from 134 to 84 B.C.) long a was written an, probably first by the poet L. Attius, in the manner of the Oscan language ; so we find in Latin in- scriptions: aa. cetereis (i. e. a ceteris), ca-
LAASI, FAATO, HAACE, MAARCIVM, PAAPVs,
paastores, vaarvs ; and in Greek writing, MAAPKOY YlOZ MAAPKEAAOZ, KOINTON MAAPKION ( like Osc. aasas = Lat. ara, Osc. Paapi = Lat. Piipius, Osc. Paakul = Lat. Paculus, Pacullus, Pacuvius, etc.), v. Ritsehl, Monum. Epigr. p. 28 sq., and cf. Mommsen, Unterital. Dialekte, p. 210 sq. (The Umbrian language has gone a step far- ther, and written long a by aha, as Ahar- na, Naharcom, trahaf, etc. ; cf. Aufrecht and Kirchhoff, Umbrische Sprachdenkm. p. 76 sq.) Vid. also the letters E and U.
III. In etymological and grammatical formation of words, short a, very often (sometimes also long a) is changed into other vowels.
A. Short a is changed, 2? into long a —
a. In consequence of the suppression of the following consonants at the end or in the middle of the word: fib, a; vadis,m$; ag-, ag-men, exdrneii; tag-, contdmino ; cud-, casus. Hence also in the abl. sing, of the first decl., and in the particles derived from it, in consequence of the suppression of the original ablat. end. -d : praedad (Col. Rostr.), praedd : sententiad ( S. C. de Bacch.), sententid; extrad (ib.), extrd ; svprad (ib.), supra. — Hence,
|>. In perfect forms: scab-o, scdbi ; cav- eo, cdvi ; fiiv-eo,fdvi ; pr.v-eo, pdvi (for scabui, cavui, favui, pavui).
C. In other forms : ago, ambdges ; pac-, pac-iscor, pdcis (pax); sag -ax, sdaus. saga; mac-er, mdcero ; Bg- (<payew),fd- gus. (Contrary to analogy, a remains short in danunt, from dS-in-unt, v. Ritsehl, 1. 1. p. 17.)
2. Short a is changed into e or £ —
a. Into S. (a) Most frequently in the sec- ond part of componnds, particularly before two consonants : facio, confectus ; jacio, conjectus; ra,Tp\o,dereptus; dam-, damno, condemno ; fal-, fullo, fefelli ; man-, man- do, commendo ; scando, ascendo ; ap-, aptus, ineptus ; ar-, ars, iners, sollers ; an-, annus, perennis ; capio, aueeps ; ca- put, triceps; ago, rernex; jacio, objex. And thus in Plautus, according to the best MSS., dispenno, dispessus from pando, compectus from compaciseor, anteceptus from capio (on the other hand, in Vergil, ac- cording to the best MS., aspargo, attrac- taretdeiractareykeyt their a unchanged).
(/3) Sometimes d is changed into e also be- fore one consonant (but in this case it is usually changed into 5 ; v. infra, 3. a. a.) : grtidior, ingridior ; Tp?\t\oT,perj>etior; pa- rio, reperio ; paro, vitupiro ; tip-, coepi (i. e. co-epi) ; cano, tubicen, tibicen; in the reduplicated carcSr (from c&rc&r) farf ems /written also farfams) ; and so, according to
the better MSS., aequipSro from paro, and defetigo from fatigo.
(7) In words taken from the Greek : t«- \avTov,talentum ; cp<x\apa,phalerae; ai- capov, siser ( but, according to the best MSS., camCira from Kap.dpa, not camera).
b. Short a is changed to & in some perfect forms : ago, egi ; facio, feci ; jTicio, jeci ; frag-, frango, fregi ; capio, copi, and pag-, pango, pegi '(together with pepxgi and panxi, v. pango).
3. Short a is changed to ?, a (most fre- quently in the second part of compounds) (a) before one consonant : ago, ablgo ; facio, conf'icio ; cado, co?icido ; salio, ass) Ho ; r&pio, abripio ; pater, JuppWer (in Um- brian lang. unchanged, Jupater), Marspi- ter ; Diesptter, Op)ter ; ratus, irritus ; amicus, iriim icus (but d remains unchanged in addmo, impdtiens, and in some com- pounds of a later period of Roman literature, as praejacio, calefacio, etc.). — (/3) Some- times also before tico consonants (where it is usually changed into 3 ; v. supra, 2. a. p.): tag-, tango, contingo ; pag-, pango, compingo (unchanged in some compounds, as peragro,, desacro, depango-, obcanto, etc.).
1>. d is changed into \ in the reduplicated perfect forms: eddo, cecidi; cano, ceclni; tag-, tango, tetuji; pag-, pango, pep) gi.
C. Likewise in some roots which have d : png-,pignus; strag- (strangulo, crrpc^-yco), stringo.
d. In words taken from the Greek : w %avij, macfcvna ; wardvr], patina ; pvKiivrj, bueina; rpv-rdvt],trut\na ; f3a\aveTov,ba- llneum; Kardva, Catena (written also Ca- tana); ''Aupdyas, Agrlgentum,
4. Short a is changed into sliortor long 0.
a. Into 6; scTiho, scobs; par, pars, portio; diim-, domo; Fabii, Fovii (v. Paul, ex Fest. p. 87) ; jj.apfj.apov, marmbr ; Mars,redupl. Marmar, J f armor (Carm. Fratr. Arv.).
b. Into 6 : da-, donum, dos ; ac-, acuo, ocior (v. this art.)-
5. Short a is changed into ii —
a. In the second part of compounds, par- ticularly before l,p, and b: calco, ineulco; salsus, insulsus ; salto, exsulio; capio, oc- cupo ; rapio, surrupio and sitrruptus (also written surripio and surreptus) ; taberna, contubemium ; — before other consonants : quatio, conditio ; as, decussis ; Mars, Ma- murius, Mamftralia ; and once also con- ditmnari (Tab. Bant. lin. 8, immediately fol- lowed by condemnatfis, v. Klenze, Philol. Abhandl. tab. I., and Mommsen, Unterital. Dial. p. 149).
_ b. In words of Greek origin : 'End fin, tieciiba ; aavTuXri, scuMla ; KpaiirdXn, crapula ; 7rao-<raAo9, pessfdus ; a<p\a- <ttov, aplttstre ; ^pt'ayu/3or, triumphus.
C, d is perhaps changed into u in ulciscor, compared with ale-, aXefco (arc-, arceo).
B. Long a is sometimes changed into i, or 0.
1. Into e: halo, anhelo ; fas-, festus, profhtus; nam, nempe.
2. Into 0: gna-,gnarus,ignarus,£fir??07Y>. (But in general long a remains unchanged in composition : labor, deldbor ; gnavus, igndinis ; fama, infdmis.)
IVa Contrary to the mode of changing Greek a into Latin <?, i, 0, u (v. supra), Latin a has sometimes taken the place of other Greek vowels in words borrowed from theGreek,as: X6<y%n,lancea; Ku\t£,cdlix; ravvjj.i]br\v, Cat'fonitus.
V The repugnance of the Latin language
to the Greek combined vowels ao has caused the translocation of them in Alumento for Aao/utowi/ (Paul, ex Fest. p. 18 Mull.). — Greek a is suppressed in Hercules from 'HpaKAJic (probably in consequence of the inserted u; in late Latin we find Heracla and Heracula, cf. Ritsehl, in Rhein. Mus. Neue Folge, vol. 12, p. 108).
VI. Latin d was early combined with the vowels i and u, forming the diphthongs ai and au ; by changing the i into 0, the diphthong ai soon became ae. So we find in the oldest inscriptions : aide, aidilis,
AIQVOM, GNAIVOD, HAICE, DVELONAI, TA-
belai, datai, etc. , which soon gave place to aedem, aedilis, aequom, Gnaeo, haec, Bellonae, tabeilae, datae, etc. ( the Col. Rostr. has praesente, praedad, and the S. C. de Bacch. aedem. The triphthong aei, found in conqvaeisivei (?), is very rare^ Miliar. Popil. lin. 11, v. Ritsehl, 1. 1. p. 21). In some poets the old gen. sing, of the first decl. {-ai) is preserved, but is dissyllabic, di. So in Ennius: Albdl Longdl^ terrdi frugiferdi, frondosdi, lundt, vidi ; in Vergil : aulai, aurdi, aqudi, pictdi ; in Ausonius : herdi.
B. <te as well as au are changed into other vowels.
1 The sound of ae, ey and oe being very similar, these vowels are often interchanged in the best MSS. So we find caerimonia and cerimonia,caepa a,vAcepa,saeculum and s&cuhcm; sca&na and seen a ; caelum and coelum, haedus and hoedus, maestus and moestus ; crnta, coena, and caena, etc.
2. In composition and reduplications at becomes i: aequus, iniquus; quaero, in- qniro ; laedo, illldo ; taedet, pertisum (noticed by Cic); aestumo, exlstumo; cae- do, cecidi, concido, homicida.
3. ae is also changed into 1 in a Latinized word of Greek origin : 'Axa/or ('Axat/or), Achivus.
4. The diphthong au is often changed to 6 and u ( the latter particularly in com- pounds) : caudex, codex ; Claudius, Clo- dius ; lautus, lotus; plaustrnm, plo- strum; plaudo,pU>do,explodo ; paulu- lum, pblulum ; faux, svffoco ; si audes (ace. to Cic. or ace. to others, si audies), so- des, etc.; clnudo.inclf'do; causa, acc'i so. Hence in some words a regular gradation of au, 0, u is found : claudo, clodicare, clr'do; raudus, rbdus, ri'idus ; eaupo, copa, cupa ; naugae, nbgae, (both forms in the MSS. of Plautus), nvgae; fraustra, frode, frude ( in MSS. of Vergil ) ; cf, Ritsehl, in Wintercatalog 1854-55, and 0. Ribbeck, in Jahn's Neue Jahrb. vol. 77, p. 181 sq. — The change of au into oe and e appears only in audio, (oboedio) obidio.
S= Au sometimes takes the place of cm?- ; faveo, fautum , favitor, fautor ; navis, navitatnauta ; avis, aueeps, auspex. So Latin aut corresponds to Sanscr. a®a (whence -vd, Lat. -ve), Osc. avti, Umbr. ute, ote ; and so the Lat. preposition abt through «y, becomes au in the words au~ fero and aufugio (prop, av-fero, av-fugio, for ab-fero, ab-fugio). Vid. the art. ab init.
VII. In primitive roots, which have their kindred forms in the sister-languages of the Latin, the original a, still found in the San- scrit, is in Latin either preserved or more frequently changed into other vowels.
A. Original a preserved : Sanscr. m&- tri, Lat. mater ; S. bhrdtri, L. frater ; S. ndsd, L. nasus and naris; S. ap, L.aqua; 8. apa, L. ab ; S. ndma, L. nam ; S. catur,
AB
L. quattuor (in Greek changed: -re-Trap et); S. cupula, L. caput (in Greek changed: kc- tpaXrf, etc.).
B. Original a is changed into other Latin vowels —
1. Into e : S. ad, L, ed (edo) ; S. as, L. es (esse) ; S. pat, L. pet (peto) ; S. pad, L. ped (pes) ; S. dant, L. dent (dens) ; S. gan, L. gen (gigno) ; S. ma, L. me-tior; S. sap- tan, L. septem ; S. dakan, L. decern ; S. safo,L. centum; S. aham, L. ego; S.pdm, L. per ; S. pasu, L. pecus ; S. em>rt, L. equus, etc.
2. Into £ : S. an-, a- (neg. part.), L. in- ; S. ana (prep.), L. in; S. antar, L. inter; S. sama, L. similis; S. a#?zi, L. ignis; S. abhra, L . imber ; S. panda, L. quinque, etc.
3. Into o : S. flw, L. ovi (ovis) ; S. ?>ac, L. voc (voco) ; S. pra, L. pro ; S. pd, L. po (potum) ; S. ndma, L. nomen ; S. api, L. ob ; S. navan, L. novem; S. tia^rt, L. no- vus, etc.
4. Into u : S. marmara, L. murmur.
5. Into a*, ae : S. prati, L. (prai) prae ; S. ha spa, L. caespes.
C Into different vowels in the different derivatives : S. wid, L. me-tior, modus ; S. prab, L. precor, procus ; S. vah, L. veho, via.
C. Sometimes the Latin has preserved the original a, while even the Sanscrit has changed it : Lat. pa-, pater, Sanscr. pd, pitri.
2. As an abbreviation A. usually denotes the praenomen Aulus; A. A.=Auli duo, Inscr. Orell. 1530 (but A. A.=Aquae Aponi, the modern Abano, ib. 1643 sq. ; 2620 ; 3011). The three directors of the mint were designated by III. YIRI A. A. A. F. F. (i. e. auro, argento, aeri flando, feriundo), ib. 569 ; 2242 ; 2379 ; 3134 al. ; so also A. A. A., ib. 3441 (cf. C!ic. Fam. 7, 13 Jin., and v. the art. Triumviri) ; A. T>. A. agris dan- dis ad8ignandia, and A. I. A. agris ju- dicandis adsignandis ; A. O. arnico op- tirno ; A. P. a popitlo or aediliciae pote- statis; A. P. R. aerario populi Romani. — Upon the voting tablets in judicial trials A. denoted absolvo ; hence A. is called lit- tera salutaris, Cic. Mil. 6, 15; v. littera. In the Roman Comitia A. (=antiquo) de- noted the rejection of the point in question ; v. autiquo. In Cicero's Tusculan Disputa- tious the A. designated one of the dispu- ta,nts=adulescens or auditor, opp. to M. for magister or Marcus (Cicero) ; but it is to be remarked that the letters A and M do not occur in the best MSS. of this treatise; cf. edd. ad Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 9. — In dates A.D.=ante diem; v. ante; A.U.C. =anno urbis conditae ; A. P. R. C. anno post Romam conditam.
3. a, prep. =ab, v. ab.
4. S. inter j.=ah, v. ah.
Aaron (Aaron, Prud. Psych. 884), in- decl. or onis, m., "Pl!^, Aaron, brother of Moses, and first high-priest of the He- brews, Vulg. Exod. 4, 14 ; 6, 25 al.
ab, a, abs, prep, with abl. This Indo- European particle (Sanscr. apa or ava, Etr. av, Gr. airo, Goth, af, Old Germ, aba, New Germ, ab, Engl, of, off) has in Latin the fol- lowing forms: ap, of, ab (av), an-, d, a ; aps, abs, as-. The existence of the oldest form, ap, is proved by the oldest and best MSS.analogoustotheprep.apud,the Sanscr. api, and Gr. eirl, and by the weakened form af, which, by the rule of historical grammar and the nature of the Latin letter/, can be derived only from ap, not from ab. The form af, weakened from ap, also very soon became obsolete. There are but five ex- amples of it in inscriptions, at the end of the sixth and in the course of the seventh cen- tury B.C., viz. : af vobeis, Inscr. Orell. 3114; af mvbo, ib. 6601; af capva, ib. 3308 ; af solo, ib. 589 ; af lyco, ib. 3036 (tf/?:oZw«t=avolant, Paul, ex Fest. p. 26 Mull., is only a conjecture). In the time of Cicero this form was regarded as ar- chaic, and only here and there used in ac- count-books ; v. Cic. Or. 47, 158 (where the correct reading is af, not abs or ab), and cf. Ritschl, Monum. Epigr. p. 7 sq, — The second form of this preposition, changed from ap, was ab, which has become the principal form and the one most generally
AB
used through all periods — and indeed the only one used before all vowels and h ; here and there also before some consonants, particularly I, n, r, and s ; rarely before c, j, d, t; and almost never before the labials p,b,f, v, or before m, such examples as ab Massiliensibus, Caes. B.C. 1, 35, being of the most rare occurrence. — By changing the b of ab through v into u, the form au orig- inated, which was in use only in the two compounds aufero and aufugio for ab- fero, ab-fugio ; anfuisse for afuisse, in Cod. Medic, of Tac. A. 12, 17, is altogether un- usual. Finally, by dropping the b of ab, and lengthening the a, ab was changed into d, which form, together with ab, predom- inated through all periods of the Latin lan- guage, and took its place before all conso- nants in the later years of Cicero, and after him almost exclusively.— By dropping the b without lengthening the a, ab occurs in the form d- in the two compounds d-bito and d-perio, q. v. — On the other hand, instead of reducing ap to a and a, a strengthened collateral form, aps, was made by adding to ap the letter s (also used in particles, as in ex, mox, vix) . From the first, aps was used only before the letters c,g,t, and was very soon changed into abs (as ap into ab): abs chorago, Plaut. Pers. 1, 3, 79 (159 Ritschl) : abs quivis, Ter. Ad. 2, 3, 1 : abs terra, Cato, R. R. 51 ; and in compounds : aps-cessero, Plaut. Trin. 3, 1, 24 (625 R.) ; id. ib. 3, 2, 84 (710 R.) : abs-condo, abs-que, abs-tineo, etc. The use of abs was confined almost exclu- sively to the combination abs te during the whole ante-classic period, and with Cicero till about the year 700 A.U.C. (=B.C. 54). After that time Cicero evidently hesitates between abs te and a te, but during the last five or six years of his life a te became pre- dominant in all his writings, even in his letters ; consequently abs te appears but rarely in later authors, as in Liv. 10, 19, 8 ; 20, 15, 12 ; and who, perhaps, also used abs conscendentibus, id. 28, 37, 2 ; v. Drakenb. ad h. 1. (Weissenb. ab). — Finally abs, in con- sequence of the following p, lost its b, and became as- in the three compounds as- pello, as-porto, and as-pertior (for as- spernor) ; v. these words. — The late Lat. verb abbretio may stand for adbrevio, the d of ad being assimilated to the following b.
The fundamental signification of ab is de- parture from, same fixed point (opp. to ad, which denotes motion to a point). I. In space, and, II. Fig., in time and other relations, in wliich the idea of departure from some point, as from source and origin, is included ; Engl, from, away from, out of; down from; since, after; by, at, in, on, etc.
I. Lit., in space: ab classe ad urbem tendunt, Att. ap. Non. 495, 22 (Trag. Rel, p. 177 Rib.) : Caesar maturat ab urbe pro- flcisci, Caes. B. G. 1, 7 : fuga ab urbe tur- pissima, Cic. Att. 7, 21 : ducite ab urbe domnm, ducite Daphnim, Verg. E. 8, 68. Cicero himself gives the difference between ab and ex thus : si qui mihi praesto fuerit cum armatis hominibus extra meum fundum et me iutroire prohibuerit, non ex eo, sed ab {from, away from) eo loco me dejecerit. . . . Unde dejecti Galli ? A Capitolio. Unde, qui cum Graccho fuerunt? Ex Capitolio, etc., Cic. Caecin. 30, 87 ; cf. Diom. p. 408 P., and a similar distinction between ad and in under ad. — E 1 1 i p t. : Diogenes Alexan- dro roganti, ut dicerct, si quid opus essct : Nunc quid em pauhdum, inquit, a sole, a little out of the sun, Cic. Tusc. 5, 32, 92. — Often joined with usque: illam (mulie- rem) usque a mari supero Romam proflcisci, all the ^Lv(y from, Cic. Chi. 68,192; v. us- que, I. — And with ad, to denote the space passed over : siderum genus ab ortu ad oc- casum commeant, from . . . to, Cic. N. D. 2, 19 init . ; dab ... in : venti a laevo latere in dextrum, ut sol, ambiunt, Plin, 2, 47,48, §128.
"\jm Sometimes with names of cities and small islands, or with domns (instead of the usual abl.), partic, in military and nautical language, to denote the marching of soldiers, the setting out of a fleet, or the departure of the inhabitants from some place : oppidum ab Aenea fugiente a Troja conditum, Cic. Verr, 2, 4, 33 : quemadmodum (Caesar) a Gergovia discederet, Caes. B. G. 7, 43 fin. ; so id. ib. 7, 80 fin. ; Sail. J. 61; 82; 91;
AB
Liv. 2, 33, 6 al. ; cf. : ab Arimino M. Anto- nium cum cohortibus quinque Arretium mittit, Caes. B. C. 1, 11 fin. ; and : protinua a Corfinio in Siciliam miserat, id. ib. 1, 25, 2 : profecti a domo, Liv. 40, 33, 2 ; of setting sail: cum exercitus vestri numquam a Brun- disio nisi hieme summa transmiserint, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12,32; so id. Fam. 15,3,2; Caes. B. C. 3, 23 ; 3, 24 fin. : classe qua advecti ab domo fuerant, Liv. 8, 22, 6 ; of citizens r interim ab Roma legatos venisse nuntiatum est, Liv. 21, 9, 3 ; cf. : legati ab Orico ad M. Valerinm praetorem venerunt, id. 24, 40, 2.
C. Sometimes with names of persons or with pronouns : pestem abige a me, Enn. ap. Cic. Ac. 2, 28, 89 (Trag. v. 50 Vahl.) : Quasi ad adulescentein a patre ex Seleucia. veniat, Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 41 ; cf. : libertus a Funis cum litteris ad Hermippum venit,. Cic. Fl. 20, 47 : Nigidium a Domitio Capuam venisse, id. Att. 7, 24 : cum a vobis disces- sero, id. Sen. 22 : multa merces tibi deflu- at ab Jove Neptunoque, Hor. C. 1, 28, 29 al. So often of a person instead of his houser lodging, etc. : videat forte hie te a patre ali- quis exiens, from the father, i.e. from his house, Ter. Heaut. 2, 2, 6 : so a fratre, id. Phorm. 5, 1, 5 : a Pontio, Cic Att. 5, Bfin. .- ab ea, Ter. And. 1, 3, 21; and so often : a me, a nobis, a se, etc, from my, our, his house, etc., Plaut. Stich. 5, 1, 7 ; Ter. Heaut. 3, 2r 50; Cic. Att. 4, 9, 1 al.
B. T r an s f., without the idea of motion. To designate separation or distance, with the verbs abesse, distare, etc., and with the particles longe,procul,prope,^Xz. 1. Of separation : ego te afuisse tain diu a nobis dolui, Cic. Fam. 2, 1, 2 : ahesse a domo pau- lisper maluit, id. Verr. 2, 4, 18, § 39 : turn Brutus ab Roma aberat, Sail. C. 40, 5 : absint lacerti ab stahulis,Verg. G. 4, 14. — 2. Of dis- tance: quot milia fundus suus abesset ab urbe, Cic. Caecin. 10, 28 ; cf. : nos in castra properabamus, quae aberant bidui, id. Att. 5, 16 fin. ; and : hie locus aequo fere spatio ab castris Ariovisti et Caesaris aberat, Caes. B. G. 1, 43, 1 : terrae ab hujusce terrae* quamnos incolimus,continuatione distantes^ Cic. N. D. 2, 66, 164 : non amplius pedum milibus duobus ab castris castra distabant,. Caes. B.C.I, 82, 3; cf. id. ib. 1, 3, 103.— With adverbs : annos multos longinque ab domo bellum gerentes, Enn. ap.Kon. 402, 3 (Trag. v. 103 Vahl.) : cum domus patris a foro longe abesset, Cic. Cael. 7, 18 fin. ; cf. : qui fontes a quihusdam praesidiis aberant lon- gius, Caes. B. C. 3, 49, 5 : quae procul erant a conspectu imperii, Cic. Agr. 2, 32, 87 ; cf . : procul a castris hostes in collibus constite- runt, Caes. B. G. 5, 17, 1 ; and : tu procul a patria Alpinas nives vides,Verg. E. 10, 46 (procul often also with simple abl. ; v. pro- cul) : cum esset in Italia bellum tam prope a Sicilia, tamen in Sicilia non fuit, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 6 ; cf. : tu apud socrum tuam prope a meis aedibus sedebas, id. Pis. 11, 26 ; and : tam prope ab domo detineri, id .Verr. 2, 2, 3, § 6. — So in Caesar and Livy, with numerals to designate the measure of the distance r onerariae naves, quae ex eo loco ab milibus passuum octo vento tenebatur, eight miles distant, Caes. B. G. 4, 22, 4 ; and without mentioning the terminus a quo : ad castra contenderunt, et ab milibus passuum minus duobus castra posuerunt, less than two miles off or distant, id. ib. 2, 7, 3 ; so id. ib. 2,5,32; 6,7,3; id. B.C. 1,65; Liv. 38, 2C, 2 (for which : duo milia fere et quingentos pas- sus ab hoste posuerunt castra, id. 37, 38, 5). — 3. To denote the side or direction from which an object is viewed in its local rela- tions, = a parte, at, on, in : utrum hac!n feriam an ab laeva latus ? Enn. ap. Plaut. Cist. 3, 10 (Trag. v. 38 Vahl.) ; cf. : picus et cornix ah laeva, corvos, parra ab dextera consuadent, Plaut. As. 2, 1, 12 : clamore ab ea parte audito. on this side, Caes. B. G. 8, 26, 4 : Gallia Celtica attingit ab Sequauis et Helvetiis fiumen Rhenum.cm the side of the /Sequani, i. e. their country, id. ib, 1, 1, 5 : pleraque Alpium ab Italia sicut breviora ita arrectiora sunt, on the Italian side, Liv. 21, 35, 11 : non eadem diligentia ab decu- mana porta castra munita, at the main entrance, Caes. B. G. 3, 25 fin. : erat a sep- tentrionibus collis, on the north, id. ib. 7, 83, 2 ; so, ab oriente, a meridie, ab occasu ; a fronte, a latere, a tergo, etc. (v. these words).
II. Fig. A. In time. 1. From a.
AB
point of time, without reference to the pe- riod subsequently elapsed. After: Exul ah octava Marias bibit, Juv, 1,49 : mulieres jam ab re divina adparebunt domi, immediately after the sacrifice, Plaut. Poen. 3,3, 4: Cae- sar ab decimae legionis cohortatione ad dex- tnim cornu profectus, Caes. B , G. 2, 25, 1 : ah hac contione legati missi sunt, immediately after, Liv. 24, 22, 6 ; cf. id. 28 33, 1 ; 40, 47, 8 ; 40, 49, 1 ah : ah eo magistratu, after this office, Sail. J. 63, 5: a surama spe novissima exspeetabat, after the greatest hope, Tac. A. 6, 50 fin. — Strengthened by the adverbs primum, coufestim, statim, pro- tin us, or the adj. recens, immediately af- ter, soon after : ut primum a tuo digressu Romam veni, Cic. Att. 1, 5, 4 ; so Suet. Tih. 68 : confestim a proelio expugnatis hostium castris, Liv. 30, 36, 1 : statim a funere, Suet. Caes. 85; and followed by statim: ab itinere statim, id. ih. 60: protinus ab adoptione, Veil. 2, 104, 3: Homerus qui recens ab ilio- rum aetate fuit, soon after their time. Cic. N. D. 3, 5 ; so Varr. K. R. 2, 8, 2 ; Verg. A. 6, 450 al. (v. also primum, confestirn, etc.). — Sometimes with the name of a person or place, instead of an action: ibi mihi tuae lit- terae binae redditae sunt tertio abs te die, i. e. after their departure from you, Cic. Att. 5, 3, 1: in Italiam perventum est quin- to mense a Carthagine Nova, i. e. after leav- m(/(:=:postquam a Carthagine profecti sunt), Liv. 21, 38,1: secundo Punico (bello) Scipionis ciassis XL. die a securi navigavit, i. e. after its having been built, Plin. 16,39, 74, § 192. — Hence the poet, expression : ab his, after this (cf. e« tovtuv), i. e. after these words, hereupon, Ov. M. 3, 273 ; '4, 329 ; 8, 612 ; 9, 764.
2. With reference to a subsequent period. From, since, after : ab hora tertia bibeba- tur, from the third hour, Cic. Phil. 2, 41: iniinito ex tempore, non ut antea, ab Sulla et Pompeio consulibus, since the consulship of, id. Agr. 2, 21, 56 : vixit ab omni aeterni- tate,/rt>?» all eternity, id. Div. 1, 51, 115 : cum quo a coudiscipulatu vivebat conjunc- tissime, Nep. Att. 5,3: in Lycia semper a terrae motu XL. dies serenos esse, after an earthquake, Plin. 2, 96, 98, § 211 al. : cen- tesima lux est haec ah interitu P. Clodii, since the death of, Cic. Mil. 35, 98 ; cf. : cu- jus a morte quintus hie et tricesimus annus est, id. Sen. 6, 19 ; and : ab incenso Capi- toiio ilium esse vigesumum annum, since, Sail. C. 47, 2 : diehus triginta, a qua die ma- teria caesa est, Caes. B. C. 1. 36. — Sometimes joined with usque and inde: quodaugures omnes usque ab Romulo decreverunt, since the time of, Cic. Vat. 8, 20: jam inde ab in- felici pugna ceciderant animi,/ro«t the very beginning of, Liv. 2, 65 fin. — Hence the adverbial expressions ah initio, a principio, a primo, at, in, or from the beginning, at first ; v. initium, principium, primus. Likewise ab integro, anew, afresh; v. inte- ger.— Ab . . . Sid, from (a time) . . . to: ab hora octava ad vesperum secreto collocuti sumus, Cic. Att. 7, 8, 4 ; cf. : cum ab hora septima ad vesperum pugnatum sit, Caes. B. G. 1, 26, 2 ; and : a quo tempore ad vos consules anni sunt septingenti octoginta unus, Veil. 1, 8, 4 ; and so in Plautus strengthened by usque : pugnata pugnast usque a mane ad vesperum, from morning to evening, Plaut. Am. 1, 1,97; id. Most. 3, 1,3; 3, 2, 80.— Rarely ab . . . in: Romani ab sole orto in multum diei stetere in acie, from . . . till late in the day, Liv. 27, 2,9; so Col. 2, 10, 17 ; Plin. 2, 31, 31, § 99 ; 2, 103, 106, § 229 ; 4, 12, 26, § 89.
1). Particularly with nouns denoting a time of life : qui homo cum animo inde ab ineunte aetate depugnat &uo,from an early age, from early youth, Plaut, Trin. 2,2, 24; so Cic. Off, 2, 13, 44 al. : mihi magna cum eo jam inde a pueritia fuit semper familiaritas, Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 9 ; so, a pueritia, Cic. Tusc . 2, 11, 27 Jin. : id. Fain, 5, 8, 4: jam inde ab adulescentia, Ter. Ad, 1, 1, 16 : ab adulescen- tia, Cic. Uep. 2, 1: jam a prima adulescentia, id. Fam. 1,9, 23: ab ineunte adulescentia, id. ib. 13, 21, 1 ; cf. followed by ad : usque ad hanc aetatem ah ineunte adulescentia, Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 20: a primis temporibus aetatis, Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 3 : a teneris unguicu- \is, from childhood, id. ib. 1, 6, 2 : usque a toga pura id. *tt. 7, 8, 5 : jam inde ab incu- nabula, Liv. 4, 36, 5: a prima lanugine, S^&t. Oth. 12: viridi ab aevo, Ov. Tr. 4, 10,
AB
17 al. ; rarely of animals : ab infantia, Plin. 10. 63, 83, § 1»2.— Instead of the nom. abstr. very often (like the Greek U nai&mv, etc.) with concrete substantives : a puero, ab adulescente, a parvis, etc, from childhood, etc. : qui olim a puero parvulo mihi pae- dagogus fuerat, Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 90 ; so, a pausillo puero, id. Stich. 1, 3, 21 : a puero, Cic, Ac. 2, 36, 115 ; id. Fam. 13, 16, 4 (twice) al. : a pueris, Cic. Tusc, 1, 24, 57 ; id. de Or. 1, 1, 2 al. : ah adulescente, id. Quint. 3, 12: ab infante, Col. 1, 8, 2:, a parva virgine, Cat, 66, 26 ai. — Likewise and in the same sense with adject.: a parvo,/n>??u<z little child, or childhood, Liv. 1, 39, 6 fin. ; cf. : a parvis, Ter. And. 3, 3, 7 ; Cic. Leg. 2, 4, 9 : a parvulo, Ter. And. 1, 1, 8 ; id. Ad. 1, 1, 23 ; cf. : ab parvulis, Caes. B, G. 6, 21, 3: ab tenero, Col. 5, 6, 20 ; and rarely of animals : (vacca) a bima aut trima fructum ferre in- cipit,Varr. R.R. 2, 1,13.
B. In other relations in which the idea of going forth, proceeding, from some- thing is included.
1, In gen. to denote departure, separa- tion, deterring, avoiding, intermitting, etc., or distance, difference, etc., of inanimate or abstract things. From ; jus atque aecum se a malis spernit procul, Enn. ap. Non. 399, 10 ( Trag. v. 224 Vahl. ) : suspitionem et culpam ut ab se segregent, Plaut. Trin. 1, % 42 ; qui discessum animi a corpore putent esse mortem. Cic, Tusc. 1, 9, 18 : hie ab arti- flcio suo non reeessit, id. ih. 1, 10, 20 ai. : quod si exquiratur usque ab stirpe auctoritas, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 180 : condicionem quam ah te peto, id. ib, 2, 4, 87 ; cf. : mercedem glo- riae fiagitas ab iis, quorum, etc., Cic. Tusc.
1, 15, 34: si quid ab illo acceperis, Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 90: quae (i. e. antiquitas) quo propius aberat ab ortu et divina progenie, Cic. Tusc. 1, 12, 26 -. ab defensione desistere, Caes. B. C. 2. 12, 4 : ne quod tempus ab opere intermitteretur, id. B. G. 7, 24, 2 : ut homines adulescentis a dicendi studio de- terream, Cic de Or, 1, 25, 117, etc.— Of dis- tance (in order, rank, mind, or feeling) : qui quartus ab Ajrcesila fuit, the fourth in suc- cession from , Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 46: tu nunc eris alter ab illo, next after him, Verg. E . 5, 49 ; cf. : Aiax, heros ab Achille secundus, next in rank to, Hor. S. 2, 3, 193 : quid hoc ah illo differt, from, Cic Caecin. 14, 39 ; cf. : hominum vita tantum distat a victu et cultu bestiarum, id. Off. 2, 4, 15 ; and : discrepare ab aequitate sapientiam, id. Pep. 3, 9 fin. (v. the verbs differo, disto, discrepo, dissi- deo, dissentio, etc.) : quae non aliena esse ducerem a digmtate, Cic. Fam. 4, 7; alieno a te animo fuit, id. Deiot. 9, 24 (v. alienus). — So the expression ab re (qs. aside from the m alter, profit; cf . the opposite, in rem) , contrary to one's profit, to a loss, dis- advantageous (so in the affirmative very rare and only ante-class.) : subdole ab re consulit, Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 12 ; cf. id. Capt. 2,
2, 88 ; more frequently and class, (but not with Cicero) in the negative, non, baud, ab ra,not without advantage or profit, not useless or unprofitable, advantageous : haut est ab re aucupis, Plaut. As. 1, 3, 71 : non ab re esse Quinctii visum est, Liv. 35, 32. 0 : so Plin. 27. 8. 35 : 31. 3. 26 ; Suet. Aug. 94; id. Dom. 11 ; Gell. 18, 14 fin. ; App. Dogm. Plat. 3, p. 31, 22 al. (but in Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 44, ah re means with respect to the money matter).
2, In par tic. a. To denote an agent from whom an action proceeds, or by whom a thing is done or takes place. By, and in archaic and solemn style, of, So most fre- quently with pass, or intrans. verbs with pass, signif., when the active object is or is considered as a living being: Laudari me abs te, a laudato viro,Kaev. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 31, 67 : injuria abs te afflcior, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 24, 38 : a patre deductus ad Scaevo- lam, Cic. Lael. 1, 1 : ut tamquam a prae- sentibus coram haberi sermo videretur, id. ih. 1, 3: disputata ab eo, id. ib. 1, 4 al. : ilia (i. e. numerorum ac vocum vis) maxi- me a Graecia vetere celebrata, id. de Or.
3, 51, 197 : ita generati a natura sumus, id. Off. 1, 29, 103 ; cf. : pars mundi dam- nata a rerum natura, Plin. 4, 12, 26, § 88 : magna adhibita cura est a providentia deo- riira, Cic. N. D. 2, 51 al. — With intrans. verbs: quae (i. e. anima.) calescit ab eo spi- ritu, is warmed, by this breath,G\c. N. D. 2, 55, 136 ; cf. Ov. M. 1, 417 : (mare) qua a
AB
sole collucet, Cic. Ac. 2, 105 : salvebis a meo Cicerone, i.e. young Cicero sends Ms com- pliments to you, id. Att. 6, 2 fin. : a qui- bus (Atheniensibus) erat profectus, i. e. by whose command^e-p. Milt. 2, 3: ne vir ab hoste cadat, Ov. H. 9, 36 al.— A substantive or adjective often takes the place of the verb (so with de, q. v.) : levior est plaga ab amico quam a debitore,Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 7 ; cf. : a bestiis ictus, morsus, impetus, id. Off. 2, 6, 19 : hi calor est a sole, id. N. D. 2, 52 : ex iis a te verbis (for a te scriptis), id. Att. 16, 7, 5 : metu poenae a Romanis, Liv. 32, 23, 9 : bellum ingens a Volscis et Aequis, id. 3, 22, 2 : ad exsolvendam fidem a consu- le,id. 27, 5, 6. — With an adj. : lassus ab equo indomito, Hor. S. 2, 2, 10 : Munis ab ingenio notior ille tuo, Prop. 5, 1, 126 : tempus a no- stris triste malis, time made sad by our misfortimes, Ov. Tr, 4, 3, 36. — Different from per : vulgo occidebantur : per quos et a quibus? by lohom and upon whose or- ders? Cic. Rose. Am. 29, 80 (cf. id, ib. 34,97: cujus consilio occisus sit, invenio ; cujus manu sit percussus, non laboro) ; so, ab hoc destitutus per Thrasybulum (i. e. Thrasy- bulo auctore), Nep. Ale. 5, 4. — Ambiguity sometimes arises from the fact that the verb in the pass, would require ab if used in the active : si postulatur a populo, if the people demand it, Cic Off. 2, 17, 58, might also mean, if it is required of the people; on the contrary: quod ab eo (Lucullo) laus irnperatoria non admodum exspectabatur, not since he did not expect military renown, but since they did not expect military renown from him, Cic Ac. 2, 3, 2, and so often; cf.Rudd.II.p.213. (Theotis of the active dative, or dative of the agent, instead of ab with the pass., is well known, Zumpt, § 419. It is very seldom found in prose writers of the golden age of Roman liter. ; with Cic. sometimes joined with the participles auditus, cognitus, constitutus, perspectus, provisus, susceptus; cf. Halm ad Cic. Imp. Pomp. 24, 71, and ad ejusdem, Cat. 1,'7 fin. ; but freq. at a later period ; e. g. in Pliny, in Books 2-4 of H. N., more than twenty times ; and likewise in 1 acitus seventeen times. Vid. the passages in Nip- perd. ad Tac A. 2,49.) Far more unusual is the simple abl. in the designation of persons : deseror conjuge, Ov. H. 12, 161 ; so id. ib. 5, 75 ; id. M. 1, 747 ; Verg. A. 1, 274 ; Hor. C. 2, 4, 9; 1, 6, 2 ; and in prose, Quint. 3, 4, 2; Sen. Contr. 2, 1 ; Curt. 6, 7, 8 ; cf. Rudd. II. p. 212; Zumpt ad Quint. V. p. 122 Spalding. — Hence the adver- bial phrase a se = u0' lavrov, sua sponte, of one's own accord, spontaneously : ip- sum a se oritur et sua sponte nascitur, Cic. Fin. 2, 24, 78: (urna) ab se cantat quoja sit, Plaut. Rud. 2, 5, 21 (al. eapse ; cf. id. Men.
1, 2, 66) ; so Col. 11, 1, 5 ; Liv. 44, 33, 6.
b. With names of towns to denote origin, extraction, instead of gentile adjectives. From, of : pastores a Pergamide,Varr, R. R.
2, 2, 1 : Turnus ab Aricia, Liv. 1, 50, 3 (for which Aricinus, id. 1, 51, 1) : obsides dant trecentos principum a Cora atque Pometia liberos, Liv. 2, 22, 2 ; and poet. : 0 ionga mundi servator ab Alba, Auguste, thou who art descended from, the old Alban race of kings (=oriundus, or ortus regibus Al- bania), Prop. 5, 6, 37.
C. In giving the etymology of a name: earn rem (sc legem, Gr. vopov) illi Graeco putant nomine a suum cuique tribuendo ap- pellatam, ego nostro a legendo, Cic. Leg. 1,6, 19: annum intervallum regni fuit: id ab re . . . interregnum appellatum, Liv. 1,17, 6 : (sinus maris) ab nomine propinquae ur- bis Ambracius appellatus, id. 38, 4, 3; and so Varro in his Ling, Lat., and Pliny, in Books 1-5 of H.N. ,on almost every page. (Cf. also the arts, ex and de.)
d. With verbs of beginning and repeat- ing : a summo bibere, in Plaut, to drink in succession from the one at the head of the ta&Z<j;da,puere,absummo,Plaut.As.5,2,41; so, da ab Delphio cantharum circum,id Most. 1, 4, 33 : ab eo nobis causa ordienda est po- tissimum, Cic, Leg. 1, 7, 21 : coepere^ a fame mala, Liv, 4, 12, 7 : cornicem a cauda de ovo exire,tail-foremost,F\m, 10,16,18: a capite repetis, quod quaerimus, Cic. Leg. 1, 6, 18 al.
e. With verbs of freeing from, defending, or protecting against any thing : a foliis et stercore purgato, Cato, R. R. 65 (G6), 1 : tan- tumne ab re tuast oti tibi? Ter. Heaut. 1,
3
AB
1, 23 ; «f. : Saguntini ut a proelhs quietem habuerant, Liv. 21, 11, 5 : expiandum forum ab illis nefani sceleris vestigiis, Cic. Rab. Perd. 4. 11 : haec provincia non modo a ea- lamitate, sed etiam a metu calamitatis est defendenda, id. Imp. Pomp. 6, 14 (v. defen- do) : ab incendio urbein vigiihs munitam in
fallorrol-iQt Coll A On. ..1
ABAC
r,, i '"^"""'u uiucin vigiius muniiam m- teliegebat, Sail. C. 32 : ut neque sustinere se a lapsu possent, Liv. 21, 35, 12 : ut meam domum metueret atque a me ipso caveret Cic. Sest. 64, 133.
£ With verbs of expecting, fearing hop- ing, and the like, ab = a parte, as, Cic. Att. 9, 7, 4 : cum eadem metuain ab hac parte since I fear the same from this side; hence, timere, metuere ab aliquo, not, to be afraid of any one, but, to fear something (proceeding from ) from Mm : ei inetui a Chryaide, Ter. And. 1, 1, 79; cf. : ab Hanni- bale metuens, Liv. 23, 36 : and : metus a prae- tore, id. 23, 15, 7 ; v. Weissenb. ad h. 1. : a quo quidem generejudices.ego numquamtimui, "Jic. bull. 20,59: postquam nee ab Romania vobis ulla est spes, you can expect nothing from the Romans, Liv. 21, 13, 4.
g-. With verbs of fastening and holding : funiculus a puppi religatus, Cic, Inv. 2, 51, iy±: cum sinistra capilhim ejus a vertice teneret, Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 3.
h. Ulrisei se ab aliquo, to take vengeance on one : a ferro sanguis humanus se ulcisci- tur, Plin. 34, 14, Hfin.
i. Cognoscere ab aliqua re, to know or learn, by means of something (different trom ab aliquo, to learn from some one) : id se a Gallicis armis atque insignibus coe- noyisse, Caes. B.C. 1, 22.
j. Dolere, laborare, valere ab, instead of the simple abl. ; doleo ab animo, doleo ab ocuhs, doleo ab aegritudine, Plaut. Cist. 1. 1 62 : a niorbo valui, ab aniino aeger fuj id' Ep. 1, 2, 26 ; cf. id. Aul. 2, 2, 9 : a frigore et aestu ne quid laboreiit, Varr. P.P. 2 2 17 ; so, a frigore laborantibus, Plin. 32, io' 46, § 133 ; cf. : laborare ab re frumentaria'
CT\5;.G- 7' 10' 1 ' itL B- C- 3' 9 i v- iaboro! k. Where verbs and adjectives are joined with aft, instead of the simple abl ah de- fines more exactly the respect in which that which is expressed by the verb or adj is to be understood, in, relation to, with re
gard to, %n respect to, on the part of- ab mmn,in ! K"" ™— * m 4,3,59: a
ingenio improbus, Plaut. True. -± a oy ■ ■ me pudica'st, id. Cure. 1, 1, 51: orba ab opti- matibus contio, Cic. Fl. 23, 54; so Ov. H 6 156 : securos vos ab hac parte reddemus* Plane, ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 21 Jin. (v. securus) • locus copiosus a fruinento, Cic. Att. 5, 18 2; cf. : sumus imparati cum a militibus turn a pecunia, id. ib. 7, 15 fin. : ille Grae- cus ab omni laude felicior, id. Brut 16 63 • ab una parte baud satis prosperum, Liv 1* 32 2 al ; so often in poets ab arte = arte' artfully, Tib. 1, 5, 4 ; 1, 9, 66 ; Ov. Am. 2 4, ov. '
L In the statement of the motive instead of ex, propter, or the simple abl. causae from, out of, on account of, in conse- quence of: ab singulari am ore scribo Bal* ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, BJin. : linguam ab irrisu exserentem, thrusting out the tongue in derision, Liv. 7, 10, 5 : ab honore, id 1 8 • In' ^ ^a' a spe' ab odi0' v- Drak- ad Liv '24 cV \2h\S; ?f~also Kritz and Fabri ad oivii. u. o±, o, ana laon ad Liv. 21, 36, 7.
m. Especially in the poets instead 'of the gen. : ab illo injuria, Ter. And 1 l i<>q. tulgor ab auro, Lucr. 2, 5 : dulces a foAtibus undae,Verg. G. 2,243.
n. In indicating a part of the whole for the more usual ex, of, out of: scuto ab novis- simis uni militi detracto, Caes. B. G 2 25 1- i^™}* *}> novisshnis, id. ib. ; Cic. Sest. 65* 137; cf .id. ib 59 Jin.: a quibus (captivis ad Senatum missus (Regulus).
O. In marking that from which any thine proceeds, and to which it belongs • Qui sunt au ea discipline, Cic. Tusc 2 3 7- ab eo qui sunt, id. Fin. 4, 3, 7 : nostri iili a Platone et Anstotele aiunt, id. Mur 30 63 xm imitation of 01 (Wo twos).
p. To designate an office or dignify (with or without servus ; so not freq. till after the Aug. period; in Cic. only once) : Pollex ser-
$£ A^a1-"? meuS' one °fmV couriers, Cic. Att. fi \& 1 ; so, a manu servus, a secre- tary, Suet Caes. 74: Narcissum abepistulis (secretary) et Pallantem a raiionibus (ac- countant), id. Claud. 28; and so,ab actis ab
admissione, ab aegris, ab apotheca, ab ar- gento, a balneis, a bibliotheca, a codicillis, a jumentis, a potione, etc. (v. these words and ±nscr. Oreii. vol. 3, Ind. xi. p. 181 sq.).
q. The use of ab before adverbs is for the most part peculiar to later Latinity : a peregre, Vitr. 5, 7 (6), 8 : a foris, Plin. 17, 24 ^7; Vulg.Gen.7,16; ib. Matt. 23,27: ab in- tus, ib. ib. 7, 15 : ab invicem, App. Herb 112 ; Vulg. Matt. 25, 32 ; Cypr. Ep 63 y- Hier. Ep. 18 : a longe, Hyg. Fab. 257 : Vule Sf l2l4 ; ib- Matt 26. 58 : a modo, ib. ib! 23 39; H/er.Vit. Hilar.: a nunc, Vulg. Luc. -i, 48 : a sursum, ib. Marc. 15, 38.
%3t a. Ab is not repeated like most oth- er prepositions (v. ad, ex, in, etc.) with pron tnzerrog. or relat. after sitbst. and pron demonstr. with ab : Arsinoen, Stratum' Naupactum . . . fateris ab hosjtibus esse cap- tas. Quibus autem hostibus? Nempe iis quos, etc., Cic. Pis. 37, 91: a rebus geren- ais senectus abstrahit. Quibus > An iis quae 111 juventute geruntur et viribus? id' ben. 6: a Jove incipiendum Dutat. Qua Jove ? id. Hep. 1, 36, 56: res publica, quas- curnque vires habebit, ab iis ipsis, quibus tenetur de te ProPediem impetrabit, id *am. 4 13, 5.—],. Ab in Plantus is once put alter the^word which it governs: quo ab ^s. ±, ±, 1O6.— Cm it is in various ways sepa- rated from the word which it governs ■ a vitae periculo, Cic. Brut. 91, 313 • a nullius umquam me tempore aut commodo id Arch. 6, 12 : a minus bono, Sail. C. 2 6 • a satis miti principio, Liv. 1, 6, 4 : damnis dives abipsasuis,Ov.H.9,96; so id. ib. 12, 18; 13 Ho.— d. The poets join a and que, making «y««,- out in good prose que is annexed to the following abl. (a ineque, abs teoue etc.): aque Chao, Verg. G. 4, 347: aque mero, Ov. M. 3, 631 : aque viro, id H 6 156: aque suis, id. Tr. 5, 2, 74 al But- a
fZqUo\?lC: "am- 2' 16' 1: a'°s teque/id Att. d, 15, 4: a teque, id. ib. 8 11 § 7- a pnmaque adulescentia, id. Brnt. 9l! 315 al tTe"/ ?reek noun J*oined with ab stands Tn the dat. : a parte negotiati, hoc est npav- uaTturj. removisse, Quint. 3, 7, 1.
III. In composition ab, 1, Petains 1 1 s 0 r 1 gi n a i s i g n i f. : abducere. to take. or carry atvay from some pla<:e:' abstra- here, to draw away; also, dmenward- abicere, to throw down ; and denoting a departure from the idea of the simple word it has an effect apparently privative: ab- simihs, departing from the similar, unlike • abnormis, departing from the rule, unusual (different from dissimilis, enormis) ■ and so also in amens=a mente remotus, alieuus (out of one's senses, without self-control tnsane): absurdus, missounding, then in- congruous, irrational : abutor (in one of its senses), to misuse : aborior. abortus to miscarry; abludo; for the privative force the Latin regularly employs in- v 2 in — 2. It more rarely designates completeness as 111 absorbere, abutor (to use up) (The designation of the fourth generation hi the ascending or descending line by ab belongs here only in appearance; as abavus for WMtusV&ter great-great-grandfather. although the ureeks introduced a*6*aw*or • for the immutability of the syllable ab in abpatruus and abmatertera, as well as the signif of the word abavus, grandfather's grandfather, imitated in abnepos, grand- child s grandchild, seems to point to a deri- vation from avi avus, as Festus, p. 13 Mull explains atavus, by atta avi, or, rather attae avus. ) Aba (or Abas), ae, m. , v. Aga. (iibabuS; ti3lse read, in inscrr., written for abavus.)
abactor, oris, m. [abigo],=abigeus and abigeator one who drives of, a driver op- (late Latin): peeorum, Firm. Astr 6 31; cf. Isid. Orig. 10, 14; and bourn, Mir/ 1 lei. Oct. 5 ; and absol., a cattle-stealer or th ief, App. M. 7, p. 199 med. Elrn. ; Paul. ' Sent, d, 18, 1.
1. abactus, -i, urn, Part, of abigo,
* 2. abactus, na, m. [abigo j, a driv- ing away, robbing (of cattle, vessels, etc. ) Phn. Pan. 20, 4. h
* abaculus, i, m. dim. [abacus], a small cube or tile of colored glass for making ornamental pavements, the Gr afiuKiaKo?, Plin. 36, 26, 67, § 199
ABAL
t abacus, i (according to Prise. 752 P. also abax, iicis ; cf. id. p. 688), m., = Hj3ai: £«or, prop, a square tablet; hence iri p ar ti c, I. A sideboard, the top of which was made of marble, sometimes of Ril. ver gold, or other precious material chiefly used for the display of gold and silver vessels, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 16 5 35 • 2 4 25, § 57; id. Tusc. 5, 21, 61; Varr L L 9 Mil Mull.; Plin. 37, 2, 6, §14; Juv. 3,204; perh aiso canea mensae Delphicae, Cic Verr 2 4" 59 init Zumpt; Mart. 12, 67. Accord. 'to Liv. 39, 6, 7, and Plin. 34, 3, 8 S H C11 Manlius Vulso first brought them from Asia to Rome, B.C. 187, in his triumph over the Oalatae ; cf. Becker, Gall. 2, p. 258 ( 2d edit.).— Ui a gaming-board, divided into compartments, for playing with dice or counters, Suet. Ner. 22 ; Macr. S 1 5 — III. A counting-table, covered with 'sand or dust and used for arithmetical compu- tation, Pers. 1, 131; App. Mag. p. 284 , cf Becker Gall. 2, p. 65. -IVV A wooden tray Cato, P, r. 10, 4._V. A painted panel or square compear tment in the wall or ceiling of a chamber.Vitr 7 3 W; Plin. 33, 12, 56, § 159; 35 ' 1 1V3' and 35, 6, 13, § 32.- VI. In architecture, a flat, square stone on the top of a column immediately under the architrave, Vitr b' 5, 5_sq. ; 4,1, 11 jq. " '
Abaddir 1 Abadir), indecl. or iris, m. [Heb. l^^IN ^N, mighty father], the name of an Oriental deity, Prise. P.
Abaddon, ni. indecl, [ Heb. destruc- tion], the name of the angel of Tartarus, Vulg. Apoc. 9, 11. '
* ab-aestuo, avi, atum, 1, vi. n. (prop, to wave down, hence), poet., to hang down richly ; laetis ut vitis abaestuet uvis Poet (Tert. or Cypr.) de Jud. Dom. 1.
(abaglO, fmia, the supposed etvmology of adagio, by Varr. L. L. 7, § 31 Mull.)
* abagmentum, i,«. [abigo], </ means for procuring abortion, Prise. Med 2 34 dub. ' '
* abalienatio, onis, /. [abalienoj, a legal transfer of property by sale or oth- er alienation: abalienatio est ejus rei, quae mancipi est, aut traditio alteri nexu aut in jure cessio, inter quos ea jure civili fieri possunt, Cic. Top. 5 fin.
ab-alieno, avi, aturn, 1, no. a., orig. to make alien from one or froon one's self i.e. to remove, separate. J Prop A t„' gen. : istuc crucior a viro me tali abaliena- ner, to be separated from such a man Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 11 ; so id. Trin. 2, 4, 112 and 156 (but in Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 26, the correct read. is ah enavit).— B. In partic. 1 T t to convey the ownership of a thing to another, to make a legal transfer, to sell alienate (cf. abalienatio) : earn' (pictn ram) vendat : ni in quadriduo Abalienarit, quo ex argeiitum acceperit, has sold, Plaut. As 4,L20; so,agros vectigales populi Komani,' Cic. Agr. 2, 24, 64 ; cf. id. ib. 2, 27, 72 : prae- ?iuin» PAS' 10i 3. 14: pecus, Cic. Verr. 2. 3 ou, § ii9: sepnlcrum, Inscr. Orell. 4357- aliquid ab se, ib. 3673. — * 2, In med" lang.: membra morbis abahenata, i e' dead, Quint. 8, 3, 75: opium sensus kbali- enat, makes unconscious, Scrib. Comp 190 ; ef. id. ib. 192. '
II. Trop. A. In gen., to separate remove, abstract: nisi mors menm am- mum aps te abalienavit, Plant. Cure 1 3 18; so, assueti inalis abalienaverant ab sensu rerum suarum aninios, had abstracted their thoughts from, Liv. 5, 42 fin. ; de- minuti capite, abalienati jure civiuin de- prived of, id. 22, 60, 15. ' ' B. In partic,, to alienate, estranae render disaffected (Ciceron. ; syn. : ali- enare, inimicissimum reddere, disjungere • opp. conciliare, retinere ) ; consir. all quern or aliquid with ab, the abl. or ace only, or quite absoL (a) With ab : si in homines caros acerbius invehare. nonne a. re judices abalicnes? Cic. de Or. 2, 75, 304- so id ib 2, 18/in.; 3, 25, 98 ; id. Fam! 1, 8,' 4; id Verr 2 4, 27: valde benevolentiarn concihant abahenantque ab iis, in quibus etc. k1 de Or. 2, 43, 182: animum ab se, Liv. 45, 6, l:-(,i) With abl.: qno er^nt ip.si propter judicia abalienati, Cic. de Or 2 48, 199 B. and K. : quod Tissaphernes perjnrio
ABBA
suo et homines suis rebus abalienaret et deos sibi iratos redderet, Nep. Ages. 2, 5 (cf. supra, II. A,, the passage of Liv. 22, GO, 15). — (?) The ace. only: qui nos, quos favendo in communi causa retinere potuerunt, in- videndo abalienarunt, Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 7 : to- tain Africam, to estrange, Nep. Ham. 2, 2; cf. id. ib. 2, 4 : (noster amicus) mirandum in modum est animo ahalienato, alienated, Cic. Att. 1,3,3; cf. : indigna patientium ab- alienabantur animi, Liv. 25,38,4.— (<3) Absol. (very rare) : timebant ne arguendo abalien- arerit, Liv. 8, 1 Jin. (for which, in the foil, ch. : ita Campanos abalienavit).
X abambnlantes : abscedentes, Paul, ex Fest. p. 26, 10 Mull.
abamita, ae»/- [avus-amita], sister of an abavus, or great - great - grandfather ; also called amita maxima, Dig. 38, 10, 3 : 10 §17^ , k , , . ,
+ abante [ab-ante, like incircum, insu- per, etc. ; cf. also the Heb. ISB^O and the Engl, from before]. I. Prep, with abl., from before: abante oculis parentis rapue- runt nymphae, away before the eyes of the father, Inscr. Grut. 717, 11.— H. Adv., be- fore: ne (qnis) abante aliam (arcam) po- nat, Inscr. Orell. 4396.
AbantlUS, a, nm, adj., of Abantia, another name of Eubcea : classis, Eu- bcean, Stat. S. 4, 8, 46.
abarcet: prohibet, Paul, ex Fest. p. 15 Mull.; cf. abercet.
Abaris, idis, m . I. A Butulian, slain by Euryalus ; ace. Abarim, Verg. A. 9, 344. — II. A companion of Phineus, slain by Perseus ; ace. Abarin, Ov. M. 5, 86.
Abaritanus, a, um, adj., of Abaris, a place in Africa : harundo, Plin. 16, 36, 66, §172.
Abas, antis, m .~A/3at. I. The twelfth king of Argos, son of Lynceus and ffy- permnestra, grandson of Danaus, fa- ther of Acrisius, and grandfather of Perseus. His shield was gained by ^Eneas, Verg^ A. 3, 286.— B. Hence derivv. 1, Ab- anteus, a, um, adj. , pertaining to Abas, Ov. m. 15, 164.— 2. Abantiades, ae, m. patron., a male descendant of Abas. a. His son Acrisius, Ov. M. 4, 607.— b. His great-grandson Perseus (by Danae, daugh- ter of Acrisius), Ov. M. 4, 673 ; 5, 138 al.— II. A Centaur, son oflxion, Ov. M. 12, 306. ' III. An Ethiopian, Ov. M. 5, 126.— IV. A companion of Diomedes, Ov. M. 14* 505.— V. A companion of ^Eneas,Verg. A. 1, 121.— VI. A Tuscan chieftain, Verg A. 10, 170, and 427.
t abaSCantUS, a, um, = iifidcKavro?, unenvied : aeon, Tert. adv. Gnost. 10.
(abathon, false read, in Vitr. for a/Ja-ro v.)
Abatos, i,/-,— 'A/Ja-ror (inaccessible), a rocky island in the Nile, not far from Fhilse, to which the priests only had access, Luc. 10, 323 (in Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 7, written as Greek, "A/3aTop).
ab-avia, ae,/. [avus, avia], mother of a great-grandfather, or of a great-grand- mother, Dig. 38, 10, 1, § 6 ; 10, § 17.
ab-avuncnlus, i, tn., great-great- uncle; aiso called avunculus maximus. Dig. 38^ 10, 3 ; 10, § 17.
ab-aVUS. i, m. 1. ( = avi avus, cf. Paul, ex Fest. p. 13 Mull.) Great-great- grandfather, Plaut. Mil. 2, 4, 20; Cic. Brut. 58, 213 ; id. Har. Kesp. 11, 22 ; 11, 38 (B. and K.) ; Dig. 38, 10, 1, § 6; 10, § 15 ; called by Vergil quartus pater, A. 10,619.-2. In g e n., forefather, ancestor, Plin. 18, 6 8 5 37; Sen. Clem. 1, 10. '
abaz5 acis, v. abacus init.
(Abba, ae, false read, in Liv. 30, 7, 10, instead of Obba, q. v.)
abba, indecl.,^lxppa [Chald. Abba, Heb. &b], father, Vulg, Marc. 14, 36: ib. Rom. 8,15; ib.Gal.4, 6.
abbas, atis, m. [id.], the head of an ecclesiastical community, an abbot (eccl. Lat.), Sid. 16, 114 ; Inscr. Mommsen, 3485 (A.D. 468).-Hence, abbatissa, ae,/, an u b bess,JmcT. Mommsen, 3H96 (A.D. 570); a^'d abbatia, ae,/., an abbey (eccl. Lat.)', Hier.
AEDI &bbassus,hf;='AiJipa<rov,Abba8ms,
a town in Phrygia, Liv. 38, 15 fin.
abbreviatio, 6ms,/. [abbrevio], an abbreviation, a diminution^ rulg. Isa. 10, 23. '
ab-brevio, are, v.freq. a. [ab or ad- brevio], to shorten, abridge, Veg. Mil. 3 prol.; Vulg. Isa. 10, 22 ; ib. Rom. 9, 28.
(ab-Cldo, 6re, cldi, an incorrect form for abscido, q. v.)
Abdalonymus (Abdol-), i, m., a Si-
donian of royal descent, made king of Sidon by Alexander the Great, Curt. 4, 1, 19 sq. ; Just. 11, 10, 8.
Abdera, 6rum,«., and ae,/.,=*'A/?d„pa. I, Abdera, a town on the southern coast of Thrace, not far from the mouth of the Nestus, noted for the stupidity of its in- habitants. It was the birthplace of the philosophers Protagoras, Democriius, and Anaxarchus ; ™.,Liv. 45, 29, 6; Gell
5, 3, 3 ; /., Ov. Ib. 469; Plin. 25, 8, 53, § 94 dub.; 4, 11, 18, § 42: hie Abdera, non tacente me, here was Abdera itself, Cic. Att. 4, 17, 3 (4, 16, 6).— 2. Folly, stupidity, madness,Cic. 1. 1. (cf. : id est 'Aftdnpmicov, i. e. stupid, id. Att. 7, 7, 4, and Arn. 5, p. 164; Juv. 10, 50; Mart. 10, 25, 4). — ^ Hence,
derivv. l.Abderita and Abderites, ae
m.,= A$6t]ptTr\<;, an Abderite : Democritus Abderites, Laber. ap. Gell. 10, 17 : Abderites Protagoras, Cic. N. D. 1, 23, 63 ; cf. id. Brut. 8 : de Protagora Abderita, id . de Or. 3, 32, 128 ; Abderitae legati, Liv. 43, 4, 8 ; cf. id. 5 12 sq. ; Vitr. 7, 5, 6; Just. 15, 2 ah— 2. Ab- deritanilS, a, um, adj., of Abdera, meton. for stupid, foolish : Abderitanae pectora plebis ti.iU^a. Mart. 107 25, 4.— JJ A city M/Hispauia ISaetica, on the southern coast, now Adra, Mel. 2. 6, 7 ; Plin 3 13 §8. ' ' ' '
abdicatio. onis./ [abdico], a renounc- ing, disowning. \m Jurid. 1. 1. : heredita- tis, Cod. Just. 6, 31, 6 : liberorum, disin- heriting, ib. 6, 8, 47 ; Quint. 7, 4, 27 ; 3
6, 77; 7, 1, 15 ; Plin. 7, 455 46, § 150 al. ; cf. Dirksen, Versuch., etc., Leipz. 1823, p. 62 sq.— *2. Polit. 1. 1., a renunciation of an office, abdication : die taturae , Liv. 6, 16 fin .
abdicative, adv., v. abdicativus.
abdicatlVTIS, a, um, adj. [abdico]. In later philos. lang.— negativua, negative (opp. to dedicativus, affirmative.), Pseudo- Cysp. Dogm. Plat. p. 30 Elm. (266 Ord. ) ;
Mart. Cap. 4, p. 121.— Adv.: abdicative,
negatively : concludere, Mart. Cap. 4, p. 128. abdicatrix, fcie, /. [ id. ], she that renounces or disclaims any thing (eccl. Lat. ) : misericordiae ( humanitas ), Salv. adv. Avar. 11, p. 76.
I. ab-dlCO, avi, atum, 1, v. a. (prop, to indicate, announce something as not be- longing to one; hence), I. In gen., to deny, disown, refuse, reject. — With ace. and inf. : mortem ostentant, regno expel- lunt, consanguineam esse abdicant, deny her to be, Pac. ap. Non. 450, 30 (Trag. Rel. p. 84 Rib.): abdicat enim voluptati inesse bonitatem, Pseudo-Apul. de Dogm. Plat. 3 init.— With ace. (so very freq. in the elder Pliny) : naturam abdico, Pac. ap. Non. 306 32 (Trag. p. 120 Rib.): ubi plus mali quam boni reperio, id totum abdico atque eicio, Cic. de Or. 2, 24, 102: legem agrariam, Plin.
7, 30, 31, § 116: corticem, id. 13, 22, 43, § 124 : ea (signa) in toftim, id. 10, 4, 5, § 16 ; cf. : utinam posset e vita in totum abdicari (aurum), be got rid of, id. 33, 1, 3, § 6 : ornni venere abdicata, id. 5, 17, 15, 5 73 al.
II. In par tic. A.Jund.t.t., to renounce one, partic. a son, to disinherit (post-Aug.) : qui ex duobus legitimis alteram in adoptio- nem dederat, alteram abdicaverat, Quint. 3. 6, 97 ; cf. : minus dicto audientem filium, id. 7, 1, 14: ex meretrice natum,id. 11, 1, 82 al.: quae in scholis abdicatorum, haec in foro exheredatorum a parentibus ratio est, id. 7, 4, 11.— Absol. : pater abdicans, Quint. 11, 1, 59; cf.: filius abdicantis, id. 4, 2,95; and: abdicandi jus, id. 3, 6, 77.— Hence, patrem to disown, Curt. 4, 10, 3. '
B. Polit. 1. 1. : abdicare se magistratu, or absol. (prop, to detach one's self from an office, hence), to renounce an office, to re- sign, abdicate (syn.: deponere magistra- tum) : cousules magistratu se abdicaverunt, Cic. Div. 2, 35, 74 ; so, se magistratu, id.
A B D O
Leg. 2, 12, 31 ; Liv. 4, 15, 4 al. : se dictatu- ra, Caes. B. C. 3, 2 ; Liv. 2, 31, 10; 9, 26, 18 al.: se consulatu, id. 2, 2, 10; Veil. 2, 22, 2 : se praetura, Cic. Cat. 3, 6, 14 : se aedili- tate, Liv. 39, 39, 9 etc. Likewise : se tutela, Cic. Att. 6, 1, 4 ; and fig. : se scriptu, Piso ap. Gell. 6, 9, 4; cf.: eo die (Antonius) se non modo consulatu, sed etiam libertate ab- dicavit, Cic. Phil. 3, 5, 12. — Absol. : au- gures rem ad senatum ; senatus, ut abdica- rent consules : abdicaverunt, Cic. N. D. 2, 4, 11.— b. With ace. a few times in the histo- rians : (patres) abdicare consulatum juben- tes et deponere imperium, Liv. 2, 28 fin. : abdicando dictaturam,id. 6^18,4. — In pass. : abdicato magistratu, Sail. C. 47, 3 ; cf. : inter priorem dictaturam abdicatam novamque a Manlio initam, Liv. 6, 39 : causa non abdi- candae dictaturae,id. 5, 19 fin.
2. ab-dlCO, xi, ctum, 3, v. a. A word peculiar to augural and judicial lang. (opp. addico). *J, Of an unfavorable omen, not to assent to : cum tres partes (vineae) aves abdixissent, Cic. Div. 1, 17, 31.— H. In ju- dicial lang. : abdicere vindicias ab aliquo, to take away by sentence ( — abjudicare), Dig. 1, 2, 24 (cf. Liv. 3, 56,4).
abdlte, adv., v. abdo, P. a. fin.
abditlVUS, a, um, adj. [abdo]. I. Re- moved or separated from = remotus, se- junctus : a patre, Plaut. Poen. prol. 65.— ££. abditivi : abortivi, Paul, ex Fest. p. 22 Mull, (without an example).
abdltllS, a, um, Part, of abdo.
ab-do, idi, itum, 3, v. a. [2. do]. I. L i t, to put away, remove : and abdere se, to go away, betake one's self to some place : ex conspectu eri sui se abdiderunt, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 5 : pedestres copias paulum ab eo loco ab- ditas in locis superioribus constituunt, re- movedl withdrawn, Caes. B. G. 7, 79, 2 ; so with ao: ascensu abdito a conspectu, Liv. 10, 14, 14: procul ardentes hinc precor abde faces, remove, Tib. 2, 1, 82.— The terminus ad quern is usually expressed by in with ace.: abdidit se in intimam Macedonian! quo potuit longissime a castris, Cic. Fam. 13, 29, 4 ; so, se in contrariam partem terrarum, id. Mur. 41, 89: se in classem, Dolab. ap. Cic. Fam. 9, 9, 2 : se in Menapios, to depart, Caes. B. G. 6, 5, 5 : in silvam Arduennam, id. ib. 5, 3, 4 : exercitum in interiora, to with- draw, Veil. 2, 110,3 : ea in insulam Seriphon abdita est (= ex humana societate quasi ex- pulsa), banished, exiled, Tac. A. 2, 85: se in bibliothecam, i. e. to retire to, Cic. Fam. 7, 28 ; cf. : se totum in litteras, id. ib. 7, 33, 2. — Rarely with other prepositions or with local adv. : Audisne haec, Amphiarae, sub terram abdite ? Poet. (Att. ?) ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 25, 60 ; so with sub, Lucr. 4, 419 : se rus, Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 99 : se domum, Cic. Pis. 38, 92 : se Arpinum, id. Att. 9, 6, 1.
II, Transf., to hide, conceal, keep se- cret, etc. (syn. : occulto, recondo) ; constr. aliquid, without or with in and abl., with other prepositions, with abl. only, or dat., with a local adv. (a) Aliquid: quae partes corporis . . . aspeetum essent deformem ha- biturae, eas contexit atque abdidit (natura), Cic. Off. 1, 35, 126: amici tabellas,id. Pis. 17, 39: lacrimas, operire luctum, Plin. Ep. 3, 16, 6: abduntur (delphini) occultanturque in- cognito more, Plin. H. N. 9, 8, 7, § 22; cf. : occultare et abdere pavorem, Tac? H. 1, 88 : pugnare cupiebant, sed retro revocanda et abdenda cupiditas erat, Liv. 2, 45, 7 ; so, sensus suos penitus, Tac. A. 1, 11: aliquid dissimulata offensione, id. ib. 3, 64. — (/3) With in and abl. : cum se ille fugiens in scalarum tenebris abdidisset,Cic.Mil.l5,40; cf. : qui dispersos homines in agris et in tectis silvestribus abditos . . . compulit unum in locum, id. Inv. 1, 2, 2 : abditi in taberna- culis, Caes. R. G. 1, 39, 4 ; cf. : in silvis, id. ib. 2, 19, 6: penitus qui in ferrost abditus aer,Lucr. 6,1037 al.— (7) With other prepp. : cultrum, quem sub veste abditum habebat, Liv. 1, 58 fin. ; cf. Ov. M. 10, 715 : ferrum curvo tenus hamo, id. ib. 4, 719.— (5) With abl.: caput cristata casside, Ov. M. 8, 25 : cor- pus cornea domo, Phaedr. 2, 6, 5 : gladium sinu,Tac. A. 5,7: latet abditus agro,Hor.Ep. 1,1,5: hunc (equum) abde domo,Verg.G.3, 96: ita se litteris abdiderunt, ut, etc., Cic/ Arch. 6, 12; v. Halm ad h. 1.— (e) With dat. (poet.): lateri capulo tenus abdidit ensem, he buried, Verg. A. 2, 553.— (C) With local adv. : corpus humi, F lor. 4, 12, 38. — Hence, 5
ABDU
ABEO
abdltus, a> ura, ?■ a-> hidden, conceal- ed, secreted, secret (syn. : reconditus, abs- conditus, occultus, retrusus) : sub terrain abditi, Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 25, 60 : vis abdita quaedam, Lucr. 5, 1233 : res occultae et pe- nitus abditae, Cic. N. D. 1, 19: sunt innu- merabiles de bis rebus libri neque abditi neque obscuri, id. de Or. 2, 20, 84 : haec esse penitus iu media philosophia retrusa atque abdita, id. ib. 1, 19, 87 al. : oppida, remote, Cod. Tb. 15, 1, U. — Comp. abditior, Aug. Conf. 5, 5; 10. 10.— Sup. abditissimus, Aug. Enchir. c. 16.— H. In the neutr. : abdl- tum, i, mibst. : terrai abdita, Lucr. 6, 809 ; so, abdita rerum (=abditae res), Hor. A. P. 49 : in abdito coire, in concealment, se- cretly, Plin. 8, 5, 5, § 13.— Adv. : abdlte, secretly : latuisse, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 73, § 181 ; Ambros. Job et Dav. 1, 9, 29.
AV>ddldnyrrmg; v. Abdalonymus. abdomen, Tnis, n. [etym. uncertain; perh. for adipomen, from adeps, or perh. from abdo, to conceal, cover], the fat lower part of the belly, the paunch, abdomen, Ka-ntipa.. I. Lit., of men and animals : ab- domina tbynni, Lucil. ap. Non. 35, 22 ; so Plaut. Cure. 2, 3, 44 ; Cels. 4, 1 Jin.; Plin. 8, 51, 77 fin. ; 11, 37 84 fin. ; Juv. 4, 107 ; Aus. Idyll. 10, 104.— H. M e t o n. for glut- tony, sensuality : ille beluo natus abdo- mini suo, non laudi, Cic. Pis. 17, 41 ; so, natus abdomini, Treb. Gall. 17 ; cf. also Cic. Pis. 27, 66 ; id. Sest. 51, 110.— With respect to carnal lust : jamdudum gestit moecbo hoc abdomen adimere, Plaut. Mil. 5, 5 ; but opp. to lechery (libido) : alius libidine insa- nit, alius abdomini servit, Sen. Ben. 7, 26, 4. ab-duco, xi, ctum, 3, v. a. (abdoycit =abducit, in the epitaph of Scipio, Inscr. Orell. 550 ; per/, abduxti, Plaut. Cure. 5, 2, 16 ; imper. abduce, id. Bacch. 4, 9, 108; id. Cure. 5, 3, 15 ; Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 36 ; id. Phorm. 2, 3, 63 • but also abduc, id. Eun. 2, 3, 86), to lead one away, to take or bring with one. to carry off, take or bring away, remove, etc.
I, Lit. A. In Sen-> of personal ob- jects; constr. aliquem, ab, ex, de; in, ad: svbigit . omne .lovcanam . opsidesqve . abdovcit ( = subigit omnem Lucanam ob- sidesque abducit), epitaph of Scipio, 1. 1. : hominem P. Quinctii deprehendis in pub- lico ; conaris abducere, Cic. Quint. 19, 61 : cohortes secum, Caes. B. C. 1, 15 med. al. : abduce me hinc ab hac, quantum potest, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 108: abductus a mari atque ab iis copiis, quas, etc. . . . frumento ac commeatu abstractus, Caes. B. C. 3, 78: tamquam eum, qui sit rhetori tradendus, abducendum protinus a grammaticis putem, Quint. 2, 1, 12 : ut Hispanos oranes procul ab nomine Scipionis ex Hispania abduceret, Liv 27 20, 7 : tu dux, tu comes es ; tu nos abducis ab Histro, Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 119 ; ut col- legam vi de foro abducerent, Liv. 2, 56, 15 : sine eertamine inde abductae legiones, id. 2, 22, 2 : credo (illuin) abductum in ganeum aliquo, Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 5 : abduxi exercitum ad infestissimam Ciliciae partem, Cic. Fain. 2, 10, 3 : ipsos in lautumias abduci impera- bat, id. Verr. 2, 5, 56 fin. ; so, liberos eo- rum in servitutem, Caes. B. G. 1, 11, 3 : servum extra convivium, Sen. Contr. 4, 25. —Poet, with ace. only: tollite me, Teucri ; quascumque abducite terras (=in terras), Verg. A. 3, 601. ~b. Of animals: donee (avem) in diversum abducat a nidis, Plin. 10, 33, 51 fin.— c. Sometimes also of in- anim . objects : clavem, to take away, Plaut. Cas. 5, 2, 8: pluteos ad alia opera, Caes. B. C . 2, 9 : capita retro ab ictu, to draw hack, Verg. A. 5,428: togam a faucibus ac suramo pectore, Quint. 11, 3, 145 : aquam alicui (=;deducere, defiectere), to divert* draw off, Dig. 39, 2, 26. — P o e t. : somnos, to take away, deprive of, Ov. F. 5, 477.
B. In part ic. 1. To take with one to dine: turn me convivam solum abducebat sibi, Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 17 : advenientem ilico abduxi ad cenam, id. Heaut. 1, 2, 9 al.
2. To take aside (in mal. part.): ali- quant in cubiculum, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 7 ; so Cic.Verr. 2, 5, 13, § 33 ; Suet. Aug. 69 ; Just. 21,2jj«.al.
3. To carry away forcibly, to ravish, rob : ad quein iste deduxerat Tertiam, Isi- dori mimi flliam, vi abductam ab Rhodio tibicine, Cic.Verr. 2, 3, 34; cf. id. ib. 2, 5, 31, § Hi; Verg. A. 7,362: aliquam alicui (niarito,
6
etc.), Suet. Oth. 3 ; Dig. 47, 10, 1 al. : ali- quam gremiis, Verg. A. 10, 79. — So also of stolen cattle, to drive away: cujus (Geryo- nis) armenta Hercules abduxerit,Plin. 4,22, 36 fin. ; so, abducta armenta, Ov. H. 16, 359.
4, In jurid. lang. : auferre et abducere, to take and derive away (auferre of inan- imate things, abducere of living beings, as slaves, cattle), Cic. Quint. 27, 84 ; Dig. 21, 2, 57, § 1.
II. T r o p. A.Ingen.,/o lead away, separate, distinguish : animum ad se ip- sum advocamus, secum esse cogimus, max- imeque a corpore abducimus, Cic. Tusc. 1, 31 ; so, aciem mentis a consuetudine oculo- rum, id. N. D. 2, 17 : divinationem caute a conjecturis, id. Div. 2, 5, 13.
B. I n p a r t ic. \mTo seduce, alienate from fidelity or allegiance : legiones a Bruto, Cic. Phil. 10, 3, 6: exercitum ab illo, id. ib. 10, 4, 9 : equitatum a consule, id. ib. 11, 12, 27 al.
2. From a study, pursuit, duty, etc., to withdraw, draw off, hinder (syn. : avoco, averto) : vos a vostris abduxi negotiis, Plaut. Rud. 1, 2, 1 ; cf. : a quo studio te abduci ne- gotiis intellego, Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 5; and : ab- ducuutur homines nonnumquam etiam ab institutis suis magnitudine pecuniae, id. Verr. 2, 4, 6, § 12 (followed by ab humani- tate deducere) ; so, aliquem a meretricio quaestu, id. Phil. 2, 18: aliquem a populo- rum rebus, id. Rep. 5, 2 : ab isto officio in- commodo, id. Lael. 2, 8 al.
3. To bring down, reduce, degrade (Ciceron.) : ne ars tanta ... a religionis auc- toritate abduceretur ad mercedem atque quaestum, Cic. Div. 1, 41, 92 ; so, aliquem ad hanc hominum libidinem ac licentiam, id. Verr. 2, 3, 90, § 210.
abdllCtlO, onis, / [abduco, I. B. 3.]. I. A forcible carrying off, ravishing, rob- bing, Cod. Th. 4, 8, 5, § 5; 11, 10, 1.— 2. (Of a woman.) AbducUon : in abductione Hesionae, Dares Phryg. 4.— IIS A reUre- jwe^Vulg.Eccli. 38,20.
abductus, a, um, Part, of abduco.
Abeatae, arum, m., the Abeatce, in- habitants of Abea in Achaia, Plin. 4, 6, 10, § 22.
abecedariUS, a. um [»i b> c> dL be- longing to the alphabet, alphabetical (late Lat.). I. Adj. : psalmi, Aug. Retract, l, 20.— n. Subftt. A. abecedarius^ «, m., one who learns the a, b, c (eccl. Lat.). — B. abecedaria, ae, /., elementary instruction, Fulg. Myth. 3, 10.— C. abe-
cedarium, ft, n-, (f, b. c, the alphabet
(eccl. Lat.).
Abel, indecl. or Glis, and AbeluS, i,
m., Abet, son of Adam, Vulg.— Hence, Abe- lica virtus, Mythogr. Vatic. 3, 6, 15.
Abella, ae,/., a town in Campania, near Nola , abounding in fruit-trees and nuts, now Avella, Sil. 8, 545 : malifera, Verg. A. 7, 740. — Hence, Abellana nux or Avellana, also Abellina, the filbert, Plin. 15, 22, 24, § 88; and Abellani,^ inhabi- tants of Abella, Just. 20, 1.
Abellinum, i, n-> Abellinum, a city of the Hirpini, in Italy, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 63; hence, Abellinates, ium, m. , the inhab- itants of Abellinum, id. 3, 16, 11, § 105 ; another town of this name in Italy is re- ferred to by Pliny, 1.1.
AbelllO, onis, m., the name of a Gallic deity, Inscr. Orell. 1952 sq.
t abemito signiflcat demito vel auferto (take away) ; emere enim antiqui dicebant pro accipere, Paul, ex Fest. p. 4 Mull. ; cf. adimo.
ab-eo. ivi or ii, itum.Tre, v. n. (abin = abisne, Plaut. and Ter. ; abiit, dissyl., v. Herm. Doctr. Metr. p. 153), to go from a place, to go away, depart. J, Lit. A. In gen., constr. with ab, ex, the simple abl., the ace. with in, the local adv. hinc, and absol. : abeo ab illo, Plaut. Cure. 2, 3, 70 : abi in malam rem maxumam a me, id. Ep. 1, 1, 72 (v. infra) ; so id. Bacch. 4, 9, 107: abin e conspectu meo? id. Am. 1,3, 20 (but also abin ab oculis ? id. Trin. 4, 2, 149 ; id. True. 2, 5. 24) : abituros agro Argivos, id. Am. 1, 1, 53 : abire in aliquas terras, Cic. Cat. 1, 8, 20 : insanus, qui hinc abiit modo, Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 61 : abi prae, jam ego sequar, go on, I will soon fol- lowed. Am. 1,3,45. —With supine: abiit ex- sulatwm, into #Pi/e,Plaut.Merc.3,4,6; Liv.
ABEQ
2,15^7i.,: cf : abi deambulatum, Ter. Heaut. 3,3, 26.— AbsoL: (Catilina) abiit, ex cessit, evasit, erupit, Cic. Cat. 2, 1, 1 : praetor de sella surrexit atque abiit, id. Verr. 2, 4, 65 fin. : quae dederat abeuntibus,Verg. A. 1,, 196 al. : sub jugum abire, Liv. 3, 2, 8fin.— With inf. : abi quaerere, Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 26. — Of things : cornus sub altum pectus abit, penetrates deeply, Verg. A. 9, 700.
B. In par tic. 1, To pass away, so that no trace remains ; to disappear, van- ish, cease, a. Cf man, to die : qui nunc abierunt hinc in communem locum (i. e. in Orcum), Plaut. Cas. prol. 19 ; cf. : ea mortem obiit, e medio abiit, Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 30 ; so also Cic. : abiit e vita, Tusc. 1, 30, 74 al.— b. Of time, to pass away, elapse : dum haec abiit horaTTer. Eun. 2, 3, 50: menses, id. Ad. 4, 5, 57 r annus, Cic. Sest. 33, 72: abit dies, Cat. 61,195: tota abit hora,Hor. S. 1, 5, 14. — c. Of other things : per inane pro- fundum, Lucr. 1, 1108 : nausea jam plane abiit ? Cic. Att. 14, 10, 2 ; so id. Fam. 9, 20 ; Ov.M. 7,290 al.
2. To be changed from one's own ways or nature into something else, to be trans- formed, metamorphosed; always constr. with in (chiefly poet., esp. in Ov. M., as a constant expression for metamorphosis) : terra abit in nimbos imbremque, Lucil. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 24 Mull. : in corpus cor- pore toto, to pass with their ichole body into another, Lucr. 4, 1111 : aut abit in somnum, is, as it were, wholly dissolved in sleep, is all sleep, id. 3, 1066 : E in V abiit,Varr.L.L.5, § 91 Mull.: in villos abe- unt vestes, in crura lacerti, Ov. M. 1, 236 ; id. ib. 2, 674 : jam barba comaeque in silvas abeunt, id. ib. 4, 657 ; 4, 396 ; so id. ib. 3, 398; 8, 555 ; 14, 499 ; 14, 551 al. : in vanum abi- bunt monentium verba, will dissolve into nothing, Sen. Ep. 94 med. ; hence, in avi mores regem abiturum, would adopt the ways of Liv. 1,32.
II, T r o p. A. I n g e n . , to depart from , to leave off, to turn aside: ut ab jure non abeat, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 44, § 114; so, ab empti- one, Dig. 2, 14, 7, § 6 ; 18, 2, 14, § 2 sq. : a venditione, ib. 18, 5, 1 : sed abeo a sensibus, leave, i. e. speak no more of Cic. Ae. 2, 28, 9; so often "with longe: non longe abieris, you need not go far to seek for examples, id. Fam. 7, 19 ; cf. : ne longius abeam, id. Rose. Am. 16, 47 ; id. Caec. 33, 95 al. : quid ad istas ineptias abis? why do you have recourse to — f id. Rose. Am. 16, 47 : abit causa in laudes Cn. Pompeii, Quint. 9, 2, 55 : illnc, unde abii, redeo, / set out, Hor. S. 1, 1, 108 : pretium retro abiit, has fallen, Plin. Ep. 3, 19, 7.
B. In parti c. 1. With abl. , to retire from an office or occupation : abiens ma- gistrate, Cic. Pis. 3, 6 ; id. Fam. 5, 2, 7 ; Liv. 2, 27 fin. ; 3, 38 Jin. al. ; so, abire consulatu, Cic. Att. 1, 16, 5 ; cf. flaminio, Liv. 26, 23 fin. : sacerdotio, Gell. 6, 7, 4: honore, Suet. Aug. 26 : tutela, Dig. 26, 4, 3, § 8 ; cf. : tutela vel cura, ib.26, 10,3, § 18 al.
2. Of the consequence or result of an ac- tion, to turn out, end, terminate : mira- bar hoc si sic abiret,Ter. And. 1, 2, 4; cf. : non posse ista sic abire, Cic. Att. 14, 1 ; so id. Fin. 5, 3, 7 ; Cat. 14,16 al.
3. In auctions, t. t., not to be knocked down to one: si res abiret ab eo mancipe, should not fall to him, Cic.Verr. 2, 1, 54 ; cf. : ne res abiret ab eo, that he may pur- chase it, id. 2, 3, 64 ; so Dig. 18, 2, 1 ; 50, 17, 205.
4. The imper. abi is often a simple ex- clamation or address, either with a friendly or reproachful signif. a= Abi, ludis me, credo, Begone, you are fooling me I Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 32 ; so Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 25 ; cf. Hor. Ep. 2,2,205.— "b.Begon e! be off! abi modo, Plaut. Poen. 1, 3, 20 : abi, nescis ine- scare homines, Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 12 ; hence in the malediction, abi in malam rem ! go be hanged ! Plaut. Pers. 2, 4, 17 : abin hinc in malam crucem ? id. Most. 3, 2, 163 (cf. Cic. : quin tu abis in malam pestem malumque cruciatum ? Phil. 13, 21) ; v. crux and cm- ciatus.
Abeona, ae,/. [abeo], the gdddess of departing children, Aug. Clv.~£>ei, 4, 21.
* ab-equito, are, v. n., to ride, away . ut praetores pavidi abequitaverint Syracj- sas, Liv. 24, 31, 10 ; v. Weissenb. ad h. 1.
ABHO 1 abercet = prohibet, Paul, ex Fest.
^p. 25 Mull.
aberratio, onis,/. [aberro, II. B. 1, a
relief iroin something, a diversion ; perh.
• only' in Cicero ( and in him only in two passages) : a dolore, Att. 12, 38, 3 (cf. ib. § 1: non equidem levor, sed tamen aberro) : a molestiis. id. Fam. 15, 18, 1.
ab-erro a\% atum, 1, v. n.,to wander from the way, to go astray. J, Lit.: puer inter homines aberravit a patre, Plaut. Men. prol. 31 : taurus,quipecore aberrasset, Liv. 41, 13, 2.— II. T r o p. A. (Like abeo, II. A.) To wander from, stray, or devi- ate from a purpose, subject, etc. ( Cicero- nian) : a regula et praescriptione naturae, Cic. Ace, 2, 46. 140 : ne ab eo, quod proposi- tum est, longius aberret oratio, id. Caecin. 19 ; so id. Off. 1, 28 ; 1, 37 ; id. Fin. 5, 28 al.— Also without ab : vereor ne nihil con- jectura aberrem,Cic. Att. 14, 22 (with a con- jectural, id. N. D. 1, 36, 100) : etiam si aber- rare ad alia coeperit, ad haec revoeetur oratio, id. Off. 1, 37 Jin.: rogo, ut artificem (sc. pietorem), quern elegeris, ne in melius quidem sinas aberrare, that the painter should not depart from the original, even to improve it, Plin. Ep. 4, 28 7m —B. To divert the mind or attention, to forget for a time : at ego hie scribendo dies totos nihil equidem levor, sed tamen aberro, Jam indeed not free from sorrow, but I divert my thoughts, Cic. Att. 12, 38; so id. ib. 12, 45 (cf. aberratio).
abf ore and abforem, v. absum.
X abg"reg"are est a grege ducere,Paul. ex Fest. p. 23 Mull.
(abhiemo, a false read, for hiemo, Plin. 18, 35, 81, § 354.)
ab-hinc, temp. adv. I. Of future time, henceforth, hence, hereafter (ante- clas-.) : seque ad ludos jam hide abhinc exerceant, Pac. ap. Charis. 175 P. (Trag. iiei.p.80 Rib.); so, aufer abhinc lacrimas. — Hut more usu., II, Of past time, ago, since ; with ace. or abl,, and the cardin. num. (except the comic poets most freq. in Cic, both in his Orations and Letters). <a) With ace: sed abhinc annos factumst sedecim, Plaut. Cas. prol. 39; so Ter. And. 1, 1, 42 ; id. Hec. 5, 3, 24 ; id. Phorm. 5, 9, 28 ;'cf. : abhinc triennium, Cic. Rose. Com. 13 : abhinc annos quattuordecim,id.Verr. 2, 1, 12, § 34 ; cf. id. Balb. 6, 16 ; id. Phil. 2, 46, 119; Hoi\ Ep. 2,1,36 ai.— (/3) With abl.: qui abhinc sexaginta annis occisus foret, Plaut. Most. 2. 2,63; so abhinc annis xv., Cic. Rose. Com. 13: comitiis jam abhinc diebus tri- ginta factis, thirty days ago, id. Verr. 2, 2, 5271/1. In Lucr. 3, 967 : aider abhinc lacri- mas, it is prob. only a fuller expression for nine, as in Plaut. Pers. 5, 2, 19: jurgium hinc .auferas, since there is no other example where abhinc is used of place. Vid. upon this article, Hand, Turs. 1, 63-66.
ab-horrCO, ui, ^rej 2, v. n. and a., to shrink back from a thing, to shudder at, abhor. I. Lit. (syn. aversor; rare but class.) ; constr. with ab or absol., some- times with the ace. (not so in Cicero ; cf. Haase act Reisig Vorles. p. 696) : retro volgus abhorret ab hac, shrinks back from, Lucr. 1, 945 : 4, 20 : omnes aspernabantur, omnes ■abhorrebant, etc., Cic. Clu. 14, 41 : quid tarn abhorret hilaritudo? Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 56 : punhlos atque distortos, Suet. Aug. 83 ; soid. Galb. 4; Vit. 10.
II. Trans f. , in gen. A. To be averse or disinclined to a thing, not to wish it, usu. with ab: a nuptiis, Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 92 : ab re uxoria, id. And. 5, 1, 10 ; and so often in Cic. : Caesaris a causa, Cic. Sest. 33 : a caede, id. ib. 63 : ab horuni turpitudine, au- dacia, sordibus, id. ib. 52, 112 : a scribendo abhorret animus, id. Ate. 2, 6 : animo ab- horruisse ab opthno statu civitatis, id. Phil. 7, 2 : a ceterorum consilio, Nep. Milt. 3, 5 al. B. I11 a yet more general sense, to be remote from an object, i. e. to vary or j
ABIC
latione, Liv. 22, 13 ; so id. 29, 6 ; 30, 44 : a tide, to be incredible, id. 9, 36 : a tuo scele- re, is not connected with, Cic. Cat. 1, 7 al. —Hence, like dispar, with dat. : tarn paca- tae profectioni abhorrens mos, not accord- ant with, Liv. 2, 14.— 2. To be free from : Caelius longe ab ista suspicione abhorrere debet, Cic. Cael. 4.-3. Absol. (a) To alter: tantum abhorret ac mutat, alters and changes, Cat. 22, 11.— (/3) To be unfit: sin plane abhorrebit et erit absurdus, Cic. de Or. 2, 20, 85 ; cf. : absurdae atque abhorren- tes lacrimae, Liv. 30, 44, 6; and: carmen abhorrens et inconditum, id. 27, 37, 13.
ab-horresco, 5re, — horresco ( eccl. Lat.), Vulg.2 Mace. 6,12.
* ab-horride, adv., in an unfit man- ner, improperly, Charis. p. 41 P.
ablCIO or abjlC- (in the best MSS. abi- cio; cf. fib ci. i)v. P. 2, 3, 37; ablcit, Juv. 15, 17), ere, jeci, jectum, 3, v. a. [ab-ja- cio], to cast au-ay, to throw away, throw down, I. Lit.: in sepulcrum ejus ab- jecta gleba non est,\ arr.L.L.5,§ 23 Mull.: scutum, Cic. Tusc. 2, 23 : insigne regium de cauite. id. Sest. 27: socer ad pedes abjectus, id! ib. 34 ; so, se ad pedes, id. Phil. 2, 34, 86 : se e inuro in mare, id. Tusc. 1, 34 ; so, corpus in mare, id. Phil. 11, 2, 5: impelluntur, feri- untur, abiciuntur, cadunt, id. Tusc. 2, 15, 36 : se abjecit exanimatus, he threw him- self down as if lifeless, id. Sest. 'Al.— Ab- sol. : si te uret sarcina, abicito, throw it down, Hor. Ep. 1, 13, 7.— Also with in and abl., when the place from which a thing is thrown is designated : anulum in mari, Cic. Fin. 5, 30, 92 Madv. N. cr.; so, ut se abi- ceret in herba, id. de Or. 1, 7, 28 : statuas in propatulo domi, Nep. Hann. 9, 3 : cadaver in via, Suet. Ner. 48 ; cf. : ubi cadaver abje- ceris,Tac. A. 1, 22.
II. Fig. A. In gen-> to Gast °JF-> throw away, give up, etc. : ut primum tenebris abjectis inalbabat, as soon as the day, hav- ing dispelled the darkness, was begin- ning to brighten, Enn. Ann. v. 219 Vahl.: nusquam ego vidi abjectas aedis, nisi modo hasce. throivn away, i.e. sold too low, Plaut. Most. 3, 3, 3: psaltria aliquo abiciendast, must be got rid of {il faut se de- faire d'elle, Dacier ), Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 26 : vitam, Cic Att. 3, 19 : salutem pro aliquo, id. Plane. 33: memoriam beneficiorum, id. Phil. - 11: versum, to declaim it care- lessly id. de Or, 3, 26 (cf. with id. ib. 3, 59 : pone, lus est ille ambitus, non abiciendus, the p riod must be brought gradually to a clou, not broken off abruptly).
B, In par tic. 1, To throw off, cast aside care for, remembrance of, etc., to give up, abandon: abicimus ista, we let that go, Cic. Att. 13, 3: fama ingenii mihi est abicienda, / niuxt renounce, id. ib. 9, 16: domum Sullanam desperabam jam . . . sed tamen 11011 abjeci, but yet I have not aban- doned it, i. e. its purchase, id. Fam. 9, 15: abjectis nugis, nonaense apart, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 141 (cf. amoto ludo, id. S. 1, 1, 27).
2. To cant down to a lower grade, to degrade, humble, Cic. Leg. 1, 9 : hie annus senatus auctontatem abjecit, degraded or lowered the authority of the Senate, id. Att. 1, 18 ; so also id. Tusc. 5, 18 : id. de Or. 3, 26, 104. — Hence, abjectae res, reduced circumstances (opp. fiorentes), Nep. Att. 8 ; Cic. Quint. 30 ; Tac A. 4, 68.
3. Abicere se, to throw one' a self away, degrade one's self, v. Cic. Tusc. 2, 23 : ut enim fit, etc. — Hence, abject US. a, urn, P. a., downcast, disheartened, despond- ing; low, mean, abject, worthless, un- principled. A. Qu"o me miser confe- ram? An domum? matremne ut mise- ram lamentantem vide am et abjeetam ? Gracch. ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 56, 214: plura scribere non possum, ita sum animo per- culso et abjecto, Cic. Att. 3, 2. — B. Nihil abjectum, nihil humile cogitare, Cic. Fin. 5, 20 : contemptum atque abjectum, id. Agr. 2, 34: verbis nee inops nee abjectus, id. Brut. 62, 222 al.— Comp. .^animus abjectior, Cic.
differ from to be inconsistent or not to Lael.16; IAv.9,G.—Siip.: animus abjectissi-
" J ----- '--.._. ....1 _,„„ w . :*„„ ! mus, QUint. 11, 1, 13 al.— Adv. : abjecte.
1. Dispiritedly, despond ingly : in dolore est providendum, ne quid abjecte, ne quid timide, ne quid ignave faciamus, Cic. Tusc. 2, 23, 55; id. Phil. 3, 11, 28.-2. Low, mean- ly: quo sordidius et abjeetius nati sunt, Tac. Or. 8: incuriose et abjecte verbum posituin, improperly, Geli. 2, 6, 1.
agree 'with (freq. and class. ) : temeritas tanta, ut non procul abhorreat ab insania, Cic. Rose, Am. 24, 68 : a vulgari genere ora- tionis atque a consuetudine communis sen- sus, id. de Or. 1, 3, 12 : oratio abhorrens ^a persona- hominis gravissimi, id. Rep. 1, 15 : ab-jopmione tua, id. Verr. 2, 3, 20 : Punicum -abhorrens os ab Latinorum nominum pro-
A B I T
abl@gHUS, a, um, adj. (poet., also tri- syllabic ; collateral form abiegnevs, Inser. Napol.) [abies], made of fir-wood or deal: trabes, i. e. a ship, Enn. ap. Auct. ad Her. 2, 22, 34: sors, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 32 : equus, i. e. the wooden horse before Troy, Prop. 4, 1, 25 (of Verg, A. 2, 16): stipes, Att. ap. Fest. p. 219 Mull. (Trag. Pel. p. 170 Rib.) : hastile, Liv. 21, 8, 10 : scobis, Col. 12, 44, 4 al. aniens, euntis, Part, of abeo. abies 5tis (abietis, abiete, trisyllabic in poet./ Enn. ap. Cic Tusc. 3, 19, 44; Verg. A. 2, 16 al. ; so, abietibus, quad- risyl. sometimes, as Verg. A. 9, 674), f [etvm. uncer., perh. akin to a.\daivco; cf. ^\(iT^) = pinus], the silver-fir: Pinus picea, Linn. : tXctTt), the tree as well as the wood of it, Plin. 16, 10, 19, § 48; Pall. 12, 15, 1 : abies consternitur alta, Enn. ap. Macr. 6, 2 (Ann. v. 195 Vahl.): crispa, id. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19, 44 (Trag. v. 117 ib.) : enodis, Ov. M. 10. 94. In Verg., on account of its dark foliage, called nigra: nigra abiete, A. 8, 599 : abietibus patriis aequi juvenes, tall as their native firs, id. ib. 9, 674 (imitation of Horn. II. 5, 560: tAdrrjatv €oik6t6? v^!/»- \f}aLv). — tl. Poet., meton. (cf. Quint. 8, 6,' 20), like the Greek IhuTt), any thing ■made of fir. 1. = epistula, a letter (writ- ten on a tablet of fir), Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 66 (cf. Engl, book, i. e. beech). — 2. = navis, a ship, Verg. G. 2, 68 ; id. A. 8, 91 ; cf . id. ib. 5, 663.— 3. ~ hasta, a lance,Yerg. A. 11, 667.
abietariUS, a, um, adj. [abies], per- taining to fir-wood, deal : negotio, Paul, ex Fest. p. 27 Mull.— Subst. ; abietariUS, ii, m., a joiner, Vulg. Exod. 35, 35.
* ablffa, ae,/. [abigoj, a plant which has the power of producing abortion; Greek %a^aiTrirv^, grown d-pin e : Teucrium iva, Linn. ; Plin. 24, 6, 20, § 29.
ablg*eator, oris, m.1 = abigeus or abactor, a cattle-stealer, Paul. Sent. 5, 18. ablffeatUS, f»s, m. [abigeus], cattle- stealing, Dig. 47, 14, 1 sq. ; 49, 16, 5, § 2.
abigeus, i- m- [abigo], one that drives away cattle, a cattle-stealer, Dig. 47, 14, 1 ; 48, 19, 16.
ab-lgO egi, actum, 3, v. a. [ago], to drive away. I. Lit. A. In gen.: abigamjamego ilium advenientem ab aedibus, / will drive him away as soon as he comes, Plaut. Am. prol. 150 : jam hie me abegerit suo odio, he will soon drive me away, id. As. 2, 4, 40 ; so Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 47 ; Varr. R. R. 2, 1 ; Cic. de Or. 2, 60 al. : uxorem post divortium, to re- move from the house, Suet. Tib. 7. — S. 1 n par tic. 1. To drive away cattle: familias abripuerunt, pecus abegerunt, Cic. Pis. 34; soid. Verr. 2, 1,10; 3,23; Liv. 1,7,4; 4,21; Curt. 5, 13 al.— 2. Medic. 1. 1. a. To remove a disease : febres, Plin. 25, 9, 59, § 106 ; 30, 11, 30 fin.: venenatorum morsus, id. 20, 5, 19, _!), To force birth, procure abortion: partuin medicamentis, Cic. Clu. 11 ; so Plin. 14, 18,22 ; Tac. A. 14, 63 ; Suet. Dom. 22 al. —II. Trop., to drive away an evil, get rid of a nuisance: pestem a me, Enn. ap. Cic. Ac. 2, 28, 89 (Trag. v. 50 Vahl. ) : las- situdinem abs te, Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 3 : curas, Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 19 : pauperiem epulis regum, id. S. 2, 2, 44 al.— Hence, abactUS, a, um, P. a. A. Of magistrates, driven aicay, forced to resign their office, Paul, ex Fest. p. 23 Mull.— B. Abacta nox, i. q. Anita, finished, passed, Verg. A. 8, 407.— C Abacti oculi, poet., deep, sunken, Stat. Tli. 1, 104.
Abii orum, m., a Scythian tribe in Ama, Curt. 7, 6, 11; Amm. 23, 6, 53.
abitlO, onis,/. [abeo], a going away, departure. I. In gen. (ante-class, for abitus), Plaut. Rud. 2, 6, 19 ; Ter. Heaut 1, 2,16.—H In partic., = mors, death,a,cc. to Gloss, ap. Paul, ex Fest. p. 380, 9 Mull.
* a-bltO, Sre, 3, v. n. [beto, bito], to go aicay, depart: ne quo abitat, Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 72; cf. Lucil. ap. Vel. Long. p. 2225 P. abitus, ns, m. [abeo], a going away, departure. I. L it, in abstr. ( class. ) : cum videam miserum hunc tarn excruciari- er ejus abitu, Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 5 ; 4, 4, 24 ; Lucr. 1, 457 and 677 ; * Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 54, § 125 ; Plin. 18, 31, 74, § 311 al.— H. Transf., in concr., the place through which one goes, the outlet, place of egress (as aditus,
ABLE
of entrance ) : omnemque abitum custode coronant. they surround the outht with guards, Verg. A. 9, 380 ; so in plur. : cir- cumjecta vehicula sepserant abitus, barri- caded the passages out, Tac. A. 14, 37.
abjecte, adv., v. abicio, P. a. Jin.
abjectio, onis,/. [abicio]. * I, A throw- ing away or rejecting : figurarum (opp. additio), Quint. 9, 3, 18.— *ff. Abjectio ani- mi, dejection, despondency (joined h. 1. with debilitatio), Cic. Pis. 36, 88.
abjectUS, a, um, v. abicio, P. a.
abgicio,v. abicio.
* abjudlCatlVUS, a, um, adj., in later philos. lang. = negativus, negative, Pseudo- App. Dogm. Plat. p. 30 Elm. (267 Oud.).
ab-judlCO, avi, atum, 1, v. a., to de- prive one of a thing by judicial sen- tence, to declare that it does not belong to one, to abjudicate, lit. and trop. (opp. adjudico); constr. with aliquid or aliquem, ab aliquo, or alicui : abjudicata a me modo est Palaestra. Plaut. Kud. 5. 1. 3 : 4. 3. 100; id. As. 3, 3, 17: (Rullus) judicabit Al- exandream regis esse, a populo Romano ab- judicabit, Cic. Agr. 2, 16; cf.; rationem vc- ritatis, integritatis. . . ab hoc ordine abjudi- cari, id. Verr. 2,1, 2, § 4: sibi libertatem, id. Caecin. 34 (in Cic. de Or. 2, 24, 102, many since Budaeus, ace. to the MSS., read ab- dlco ; so B. and K.).
* ab-JUgrO, are? 15 v- a-i l>t. , to loose from the yoke ; hence, in gen., to remove, to separate from : quae res te ab stabulis abjugat? Pac. ap. Non. 73, 22 (Trag. Rel. p. 104 Rib.).
abjunctUS, a, um, Part, of abjungo.
ab-jung'O, xi, etum, 3, v. a. I. Lit., to unyoke : juvencum, Verg. G. 3, 518. — Hence, H, Transf., to detach from a thing, to remove^ separate : abjuncto La- bieno, Caes. B. G. 7, 56 : Demosthenes se ab hoc refractariolo judiciali dicendi genere ab- junxit, abstained from, *C:e. Att. 2, 1, 3.
abjuratlO, onis, / [abjuro], a for- swearing, Isid. Orig. 5, 6, 20.
* ab-JUrg'O, avi, atum, 1, v. a., to deny or refuse reproachfully : arma alicui, Hyg. Fab. 107.
ab-juro, avi, atum, 1, v. a. (abjurassit for abjuraverit, Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 9), to deny any thing on oath: rem alicui : ne quis mini in jure abjurassit, Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 9 : pecuniarn, id. Rud. prol. 14: creditum, Sail. C. 25, 4.— Absol., Plaut. Cure. 4, 2, 10; cf. : mini abjurare certius est quam dependere, *Cic. Att. 1, 8, 3. — Poet. : abjuratae ra- pinae, abjured, denied on oath, Verg. A. 8, 263.
ablactatlO, onis, / [ablacto], the weaning of a child, Vulg. Gen. 21, 8 al.
ab-lactO, are, 1, v. a. , to wean ( eccl. Lat.).
ablaqUeatlO, onis, / [ablaqueo], a digging or loosening of the soil round the roots of a tree, Col. i] 4, 2 ; 4, 8, 2 ; PI in. 12, 15, 33, § 66 al. —II. Conor., the trench itself made by digging, Col. 5, 10, 17 Schneid.
ab-laqueo, avi, atum, 1, v. a. [laque- us, a hollow], to turn up the earth round a tree, in order to form a trench for water, Cato, R. R. 5, 8, 29 ; Col. 2, 14, 3 ; 4, 4, 2 ; Plin. 17, 19, 31, § 140.
ablatio, onis, / [aufero], a taking away { eccl. Lat, ), Tert. adv. Marc. 4, 19 ; Hier. in Jovin. 2, 11.
ablatlVUS, h ™>- [id.], with or without casus, tlie ablative case (as denoting that from which something is taken away), Quint. 1, 5. 59; 1, 7, 3; 1, 4, 26; 7, 9, 10 al.
ablator. orisj m- [id.], one wh° takes away (eccl. Lat.).
ablatUS, a. um, Part, of aufero.
ablegatlO, onis, / [ablego], a sending off or away : juventutis ad bellum, Li v. 6, 39, 7. — A euphemism for banishing, exile (=relegatio) : Agrippae, Plin. 7, 45, 46, § 149.
$ ablegxaiaa: partes extorum, quae diis immolantur, Paul, ex Fest. p. 21 Mull.
ab-lego, avi, atum, 1, v. a., to send off or away, to remove : aliquem foras, Plaut. Mil. 3, 2, 55 ; so id. Cas. prol. 62 : aliquo mini est hinc ablegandus, Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 54: pecus a prato, Varr. R. R. 1, 47 : honestos 8
ABNE
homines, keep at a distance, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 32: consilium, id. ib. 2, 2, 30: aud in the pun, haec legatio a fratris adventu me ab- legat, this embassy sends me away from, i. e. prevents me from being present at, his arrival, id. Att. 2, 18, 3: magna pars ablegati, Liv. 7, 39. — With sup. : pueros ve- natum, Liv. 1, 35, 2. — As a euphemism for in exsilium mittere, to banish, Just. 1, 5 ; Cod. Th. 16, 5, 57.
t ablepsia, ae, /, = ufiAe^la, blind- ness,Serv. ad Verg. A.7, 647 (in Suet. Claud. 39 written as Greek).
ab-lig-urrio i-gnrio), "rt, itum, 4, v.
a. I, To lick away, waste or spend in luxurious indulgence : bona. Enn. ap. Don. ad Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 25 (Sat. 29 Vahl. ) ; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 4: patrimonium, App. Mag. p. 313 (but in Cic. Cat. 2, 5, 10, the correct read, is obligaverunt ). — H, In mal. part., Suet. Gram. 23. _
*ablignrritio (-gnri-)i onis,/: rab-
ligurrioj, a consuming or spending in feast- ing, Capitol. Macr. 15.
*ablig,urrItor (-gruri-), oris, m- ['d-l>
one who consumes in feasting, a spendthrift, Ambros. Ep. 42.
* ab-LoCO, avi, atum, 1, v, a., to lease out or let out on hire : domum, Suet. Vit. 7.
* ab-lildo., si, sum, 3, v. n.; meton. (like the Greek ixndheiv), not to agree with or resemble, to differ from, be unlike : haec a te non multum abludit imago, is not much unlike thee, Hor. S. 2, 3, 320 (= ab- horret, discrepat).
ab-lUO. "ii utuiu, 3, v. a., to wash off or away, to wash, cleanse, purify. %m Lit.; pulverem lymph is, Pac ap. Gell. 2. 26, 13 (Trag. Rel. p. 108 Rib.): Ulixi pedes ab- luens, Cic. Tusc. 5, 16, 46: donee me flumine vivo abluero, Verg. A. 2. 719: abluendo crn- ori balneas petit, Tac. H. 3, 32.— Poet. : ab- luere sitim, to quench, Lucr. 4, 876; and: abluere sibi umbras, to remove darkness (by bringing a light), id. 4, 378. — Of the wash- ing away of earth by a shower, Varr. R R. 1, 35. — In eccl. Lat., of baptism: munere di- vinitatis abluti, Cod. Th. 19, 6, 4. — H, Trop., of calming the passions: omnis ejusmodi perturbatio animi placatione ab- luatur, be removed (fig. derived from the religious rite of washing in expiation of sin), Cic. Tusc. 4, 28, 60: maculam veteris industriae laudabili otio. to wash ouL Plin. Ep. 3, 7, 3: perjurta, Ov.'F. 5, 681 al.
ablutio, onis,/ [abluo], a washing, cleansing, Macr. S. 3, 7. — Of baptism, cf. abluo, I. fin. ( eccl. Lat. ; in Plin. 13, 12, 23, § 74, the correct reading is adulatione ; v. Sillig ad h. 1.).
* ablutor, Oris, m. [id.], one that washes off or purifies (eccl. Lat.).
ablutUS, a, um, Part, of abluo.
abluvium, h n- [abluo], = diluvium, a flood or deluge, Laber. ap. Gell. 16. 7, 1 ( Com. Rel. p. 300, n. 17 Rib. ) ; Front, p. 69 Goes. ; cf. Isid. in Magi Auct. vi. p. 503.
ab-matertera? ae,/, a great-great- great-aunt on the mother's side, also called matertera maxima, Dig. 38, 10, 3.
* ab-natO, !~irei 1. v- «-, to swim off or away, Stat. Ac hill. 1 383.
abaeg'atlO, 5nis, / [abnego], a deny- ing, denial (late Lat. ), Arn. 1, p. 18.
abnegatlVUS, a, um, adj. [ id.], nega- tive : adverbium, a negative adverb, Prise, p. 1020 P. al.
abneg*ator, oris, m. [id.], a denier (eccl. Lat.), Tert. Fug. 12.
ab-neg*0, avi, atum, 1, v. a., to re- fuse, be unwilling (poet, and in post- Aug. prose): conjugium alicui, Verg. A. 7, 424: imbrem, Col. (poet.) 10, 51: comitem (se), Hor. C. 1, 35, 22; cf. Sil. 3, 110: depositum, to deny, Plin. Ep. 10, 97 ; so, partem pecu- niae (pactae), Quint. 11, 2, 11; cf. Dig. 16, 3, 11 al. — With inf. : medicas adhibere manus ad vulnera pastor Abnegat, Verg. G. 3, 456 ; so id. A. 2, 637.— Absol: Abnegat, incepto- que, etc.^Verg. A. 2, 654.
ab-nepOS, otls, m. , the son of a great- grandchild, Suet. Tib. 3; id. Claud. 24; Dig. 38, 10, 10, § 15 al.
ab-neptis, is) /■•> ^e daughter of a
ABNU
great-grandchild, Suet. Ner. 35; Dig. 38, 10, 10, § 15 al.
Abndba, a€i "*•* a mountain range in Germany, the northern part of the Black Forest, in which the Danube rises Plm. 4, 12, 24, § 79 ; Tac. G. 1 ; cf. Man- nert, Germ. p. 512.— II. Hence, Abnoba Diana, or simply Abnoba, ae,/, the goddess of this mountain, Inscr. Orell. 1986 and 4974,
ab-nOCtO. 'irei 1) v- n- [nos:]? to pass the night abroad, to stay out all night, Sen. Vit. Beat. 26; Gell. 13, 12 fin.; Dig. 1, 18. 15.
ab-nod.O, are, l,it'. a-i to cut off knots ; in the lang. of gardening and the vintage, to clear trees of knots, Col. 4, 24, 10 ; 4, 22, 4.
* ab-normis. e, adj. [norma, v. ab, III. 1.], deviating or departing from a fixed rule, irregular, abnormal : abnor- mis sapiens, Hor. S. 2, 2, 3 (i. e. qui in nuL lius verba juravit, belongs to no distinct sect or party, cf. Cic. Lael. 5, 18: ad isto- rum normam sapientes).
ab-nueo, v- abnuo.
* abnUltio, onis,/ [abnuo], ^negatio, negation, Paul, ex Fest. p. 108, 7 Mull.
abnuiturUS, a, um, = abnuturus, v, abnuo.
* ab-numero, are, 1, v. a., to cast up numbers, to reckon up, Nigid, ap. Gell. 15, 3,4.
ab-niio, tii, mtum (hence abntiTtu- rus, Sail. Fragm. 1, 37 Kritz), or utum,
3, v. a. and n. (abnueo, Enn. ap. Diom. p. 378 P. or Ann. v. 283 Vahl.: abnu- ebunt, id. ib. or Trag. v. 371 id.), lit., to refuse by a nod ( cf. Nigid. ap. Gell. 10, 4 fin. ) ; hence, to deny, refuse, to de- cline doing a thing, to reject. I. Lit A. In geB (syn. recuso ; opp. conce- do), constr. absol., with the ace, the inf., quin, or de. (a) Absol. : non recuso, non abnuo, Cic. Mil. 36, 100; so Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 21; id. True, prol (5; Hor. S. 2, 5, 52; Tac. A. 11, 12 ; id. Agr. 4 a]. — (/3) With ace. (in Cic. only with general objects, as quid, nihil): cum intellegas, quid quisque conce- dat, quid abnuat, Cic. Fin. 2, 1, 3 : nihil um- quam abnuit meo studio voluntas tua, re- fused, id. Fat. 2, 3; so, aliquid alicui: regi pacem neque abnuere neque pollicere, Sail. J. 47 fin. : alia ( opp. probo ), id. ib. 83 fin. : abnuere cognomen Bruti, Liv. 1, 56, 8: impermm, id. 3, 66, 3; cf.: imperium au- spiciumque, to reject, id. 28, 27, 4: regulae rationem, Quint. 1, 6, 33: omen, Verg. A 5, 531: aliquem comitem inceptis, Sil. 3, 110. — (T) With inf.: certare abnueo, Enn. 1. 1. : necabnuebant melioribusparere, Liv. 22. 13 fin.; so id. 22, 37, 4.— With ace. and inf.: aeternam sibi naturam abnuit esse, Lucr 3, 641 ; cf. : abnueret a se commissum esse facinus, Cic. Leg. 1, 14, 40; and: baud equi- dem abnuo egregium ducem fuisse Alexan drum, Liv. 9, 17, 5; so id. 5, 33, 4; 30, 20, 6; Quint. 5, 8, 3; 6, 2, 11 (opp. concedo) ; Verg. A. 10, 8 al. ; cf. also: inanu abnuit quid- quam opis in se esse, Liv. 36, 34, 6. — Im- pers. : nee abnuitur ita fuisse, Liv. 3, 72, 6. — *(<5) With quin: non abnuere se qum cuncta mala pateflerent, Tac. A. 13, 14.— * (e) With de : neque illi senatus de ullo negotio abnuere audebat, Sail. J. 84, 3.
B. Esp., abnuens, like the Gr. uxem^v, declining service, giving up (very rare): milites fessos itineris magnitudine et jam abnuentes omnia, Sail. J. 68, 3; cf. : fessos abnuentesque taedio et labore, declining the combat, Liv. 27, 49, 3.
II. T r a u s f- » °^ abstract subjects, not to admit of to be unfavorable (poet, and in post-Aug. prose ) : quod spes abnuit, Tib.
4, 1, 25: quando impetus et subita belli locus abnueret, Tac. H. 5, 13: hoc videre- tur, nisi abnueret duritia, Plin. 37, 10, 54, §145.
abnutlVUS, a, um [abnuo], = negati- vus; hence subst.: abnutlVTim, i, n., a denying, refusal, Dig. 45, 1, 83 ; cf. Abnu- tivum : aiimiXGnKov, Gloss.
ab-nuto, t_lVi) atum, 1, v. freq. [id.], to deny {by a nod) often, to refuse : quid te adiri (Vahl. adirier; Rib. adirLtam) ab- nutas, Enn. ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 41, 164^fwhere ■ Cic. censures the word as less forcible thas-. vetas, prohibes, absterres, and the like ) : -
ABOM
de-
quid rni abnutas ? Tibi ego abnuto ? Plaut. Capt.3,4,79.
* ab-dlefaClO, ere, = aboleo, to stroy : civitatem, Tert. Apol. 35 (al. facere).
ab-dleo, «T-'i (ui), itum, 2, v. a., orig. (in contrast with ad-oleo) to retard or to check the growth of; hence, in a more ex- tended sense, to destroy, efface, abolish; trop., to terminate, and, in the pass., to die. to decay (not before the Aug. period). I, Lit.: cuncta viri mommienta, Verg. A. 4' 497 : deum aedes vetustate aut igni abo- litac,Tac. A.2,49; cf . : corpus alicnj us igni, i. e. to burn, id. ib. 16, 6; so, libros, Plin. Ep. 7, 19, 6 : Homeri cavmina,Suet. Calig. 34 al.— In pass.: aboleri, to die (opp. nasci), Plin. 7, prooeni. § 4. — Poet. : viscera undis, to remove the poisonous flesh by washing, Verg. G. 3, 560.— H. Fig. : dedecus arrms, Verg. A. 11, 789; cf.: labem prioris igno- miniae.Tac. H. 3, 24: memoriam, Suet.Calig. 60 ; Verg. A. 1, 720 : magistratum alicui, Liv. 3, 38, 7 : legem ( = abrogare), Quint. 1, 5 29 ; cf. decretum, Suet, Claud. 6 ; Galb. 23 : crimen, Dig. 48, 6, 2, § 10 : frumentationes, Suet. Aug. 42: veetigalia, id. Ner. 10: vim moremque asylorum, id. Tib. 37 al. : non- nulla ex antiquis caerimoniis paulatim abo- lita (=omissa, neglecta), Suet. Aug. 31; cf.: memoria nondum omnino aboiita, id. Gram. 24.
ab-oleSCO, evi, no sup., 3, v. inch. n. (vox Vergiliana) [aboleo], to decay little by little, to vanish, cease (like aboleo, not before the Aug. period} : tantique abolescet gratia facti, * Verg. A. 7, 232 : donee cum re nomen quoque vetustate abolevit, Liv. 1, 23, 3 ; cf. : cujus rei prope jam memoria abole- verat, id. 3, 55, 6 ; 9,36,1: poena, Gel]. 20, 1 al.: abolescit.Crescite,etc.,Tert.Exh.Cast.6. abdlltio, onis, /. [id.],<m abrogating, annulling, abolishing, abolition (post- Aug.). I. In gen.: tributorum, Tac. A. 13, 50 ; cf. : qiiadrageshuae quinquagesi- nineque, id. ib. 13, 51 : legis. Suet. Aug. 34 : | sententiae, Tac. A.G,2 fin.— II. In partic. A. An amnesty, Suet. Tib. 4; Flor. 4, 7,3 : sub pacto abolitionis, Quint. 9, 2, 97. — B. In the Dig., the 'withdrawal of an accu- sation or suit,suspension: abolitiopublica, ex lege, privata, Cod. Th. 9, 37, 3 sq. : Dig. 48, 16 al. ; cf. Rein, Crhninalrecht. p. 273 sq. ab-dlitor, oris, m-> one w^° ia^es away a thing, or casts it into oblivion: mors, somnus, Tert. Hab. 3 ; Aus. Grat. 2.
abolla. ae, /. [uM/3o\rj=ava/?o\»j, prop, a throwing back and around], a robe of thick woollen stuff worn, by soldiers, philos- ophers, etc. (called in Verg. A. 5, 421, duplex amictus ; v. Serv. ad h. 1. ) : toga detracta est et abolla data,Varr. ap. Non. 538, 16 : purpu- rea, Suet. Calig. 35.— Of philosophers, Mart. 4, 53 ; 8, 48 ; Juv. 4, 76 al. : facinus majoris abollae, i. e. a crime committed by a deep philosopher, Juv. 3, 115.
X aboloeS, for ab illis ; antiqui enim lit- teram non geminabant, Paul, ex Fest. p. 19 Mull.
abdminabillS, e, a<*j- [abominor], deserving imprecation or abhorrence, abomin able, Quint. Decl.; Vulg.Lev.11,10. * abdminamentum, U n- [id.], a de- testable thing, Tert. adv. Jud. 13. abominandus and abominanter,
v. abommor/w.
abdminatlO, onis, /. [abominor], an abominating, an abomi7iation,hsLct.l,ll ; also = abominamentum, Tert. adv. Jud. 5.
abdmino, are, v. the foil. art.
ab-ominor, atus, 1, v. dep., to depre- cate any thing as an ill omen (not in Cic). I9 Lit: cum dixisset sepukrum di- rutiim proram spectare, abominatus, etc., when he had spoken the words " a ruined sepulchre" etc., wishing that ffiis {the sepulchre, or the words spoken) might not be of evil omen,ljiv. 30,25 fin.; so also id. 6, 18, 9 ; Suet. Claud. 40. — Hence : quod abominor, which may God avert, Ov. M. 9, 677 ; id. P. 3, 1, 105 ; Plin. Ep. 6, 22, 7 al. — With inf. : haec imiver^ habere abo- minabitur, Sen. Ben. 7, 8. — H. In gen. foon. to ooto). io abominate, abhor, detest, Liv. 3C, 30, 9 ; Col. 6, prooeni. § 1 ; Quint.
4. 1,33.— Hence deriw., 1. abominan- ter, adv., abominably, detestably, Cod.
ABKA Th, 3,12, 13,— 2, abominandus, a, um,
P. a., abominable, Liv. 9, 3h Jin.; Sen. Ben. 1, 9 ; Quint. 8, 4, 22 ; 9, 2,80.
r^" 1. Collar. ac£. form abomino,are: multam abomina, Plaut. Trin. 3, -i, <«. — 2. abominor *n pass, signif. : saevitia eorum abominaretur ab omnibus, Varr. ap. Frisc. p. 791 P.— So Part. : abominatus, abomi- nated, accursed : Hannibal, Hor. Epod. 16, 8: semimares, Liv. 31, 12, 8: bubo fune- bris et maxime abominatus, Plin. 10, 12, 16.
ab-ominosns, a, um,=ominosus,./WZ of ill omens, portentous : Februarius, Sol. 1, 40 : vox, Diom. p. 472 P.
Aborigines, um, m. [ab-origo], the primeval Romans, the Aborigines, the nation which, previous to historical record, descended from the Apennines, and, advan- cing from Carseoli and Reate into the plain, drove out the Sicuii ; the ancestors of the Romans, Cato ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 6 ; Varr. L. L. 5, § 53 Mull. ; Cic. Rep. 2, 3; Sail. C 6; Liv. 1,1. I. Used as an appel- lative, original inhabitants, Plin. 4, 21, 36, § 120 : Indigenae sunt inde . . . geniti, quos vocant aborigines Latini, Graeci av- ToxfWr, Serv. ad Verg. A. 8, 328.— H. Hence, abuiigmeuS, a, um, adj., abo- riginal : sacellum, Ter. Maur. p. 2425 P.
ab-drior, ortus, 4, v. n. dep. I. (Opp. of orior.) To set, disappear, pass away (very rare): infimus aer, ubi omnia oriun- tur, ubi aboriuntur,Varr.L.L.5,7, § 66 Mull. — Gfthe\oice,tofail,$top; infringi linguam vocemque aboriri, Lucr. 3, 155.— H. Of un- timely birth, to miscarry (v. ab, III. 1.); Varr. ap. Non. 71, 27; Plin. 8, 51, 77, § 205.
* ab-driscor, ci, <2<3j9. = aborior (after the analogy of nanciscor, proficiscor), to perish, die, Lucr. 5, 732 ; v. Lachm. ad h. 1.
* 1. aborSUS, a, um [aborior, in the sense of misbirth], that has brought forth prematurely: aborsus abactus venter, Paul. Sent. 4, 9, 6.
2. aborSUS, us, m. [id.], = abortus, miscarriage, Tert. de Fig. 3 Jin. ; Non. 448, 3.
1. abortlO, onis, /- [id.], premature delivery, miscarriage, Plaut. True. 1, 2, 98 ; Cic'. Clu. 12 ; Dig. 48, 19, 38, § 5.
2. abortlO, ire, 4, v. n. [id.] to mis- carry, Vulg. Job, 21, 10 ; in Plin. 8, 51, 77, aboriendi is the true reading (Jan.).
* abortium, i. ^.,=abortio (eccl. Lat.).
abortlVUS, a, um, adj. [abortio], per- taining to a premature delivery. I, adj. A Born p"ematurely=&hQrtxis: Sisyphus, * Hor. S. 1, 3, A& j cf. Juv. 2, 32 : ovum, addled,^\.&r\. 6,93.— B. That causes abor- tion : malvae, Plin. 20, 21, 84, § 226 ; so id. 24, 5,11, § 18: sternuisse a coitu aborfcivum, id. 7, 6, 5, § 42.— II. Subst. : aboriivum, \n. A, An abortion, VWn. 18, 17,44, § 150; Vulg- 1 Cor. 15, 8 al.— B= (Sc. medicamen- tumT) A means of procuring abortion^ abiga, Juv. 6, 368.
aborto, are, 1, v. n. [aborior], io bring forth prematurely, Varr. R. R. 2, 4, 14; Firm. 3, 7, 6 : filios, id. 6, 31/^.
abortum, \,n.,v. the foil. art.
abortus, »s, m. (abortum, i, n., Dig.
29, 2, 30 ; cf. Paul, ex Fest. p. 29 Mull.) [abo- rior], an abortion, miscarriage. I. L it. : dicam abortum esse, Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 38 : Ter- tullae noilem abortum, had not miscar- ried, Cic. Att. 14, 20, 2 : abortum facere, to sufer abortion, miscarry, Plin. Ep. 8, 10, 17 but also, to produce or cause abor- tion, Plin. 14, 18, 22, § 118 ; 21, 18, 69, § 116 al.— B. Me ton., of plants, Plin. 12. 2, 6, § 13.—*" II, Trop., of writings, an unfin- ished piece, Plin. praef. § 28.
ab-patrUUS, i, ui., a great -great- grand-uncle on the father's side ; also called patruus maximus,T>ig. 38, 10, 3 al. ab-rado, sii sum, 3, v. a., to scratch off or away, to scrape away, rub off; of the beard, to shave. I. Lit. : manibus quidquam abradere membris, Lucr. 4, 1103 ; so id. 4, 1110: supercilia penitus abrasa,Cic Rose. Com. 7, 20 ; barbam in superiore la- bro, Plin. 6, 28, 32, § 162.— Of plants : partes radicum, to grub up, Vlin. 17, 11, 16, § 82; cf. arida, Col. 10, 3: abrasae fauces, made rough, Luc. 6, 115 : abrasa corpora, peeled off., aTrotn'ipiiaTa, Scrib. Comp. 215. — II,
ABRO
Meton.,^ take or snatch away, to seis6%. extort, rob, Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 19 : nihil a* Caecina litium terrore, Cic. Caecin. 7, 19: aliquid bonis, Plin. Pan. 37, 2.
Abraham or Abram^'^cZ.or ae, m., Abraham (eccl. Lat.).— II. Hence der- iw. A. AbrahamideS, ae, m., a de- scendant of Abraham (eccl.^Lat.). — B-
Abrahameus or Abrameus, a, um,
adj., belonging to Abraham (eccl. Lat.).
abraSUS, a, um, Pari, of abrado.
* abrelictUS, a, um,=derehctus, de-- serted, abandoned, Tert. adv. Jud. 1.
ab-renuntlO, are,l,^.«., strengthened form of renuntio, to renounce, e. g. diabolo, in baptism (eccl. Lat.).
abreptUS, a, um, Part, of abripio.
ab-ripiO, Vuh eptum, 3, v. a. [rapio], to take away by violence, to drag away, to tear off or atoay (stronger than its synn. abduco, abigo, abstraho). I. L i t. A. In gen.: abripite nunc intro actutum inter manus, hurry him away, Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 38 : puella ex Attica hinc abrepta, stolen, Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 30 ; cf. : abreptam ex eo loco virginem secum asportasse,Cic.Verr.2,4,49r § 107 : de convivio in vincla atque in tene- bras, id. ib.2, 4,10, § 24: ab complexu alicu- ius, Liv. 3, 57, 3: milites vi fluminis abrep- ti, Caes. B. C. 1, 64 ; cf. Mel. 3, 5, 8 ; Plin. % 67, 67, § 170; Verg. A. 1, 108: aliquem ad quaestionem, Cic. Clu. 33, 89; cf. : aliquem ad humanuni exitum, id. Rep. 1, 16 fin.; with ace. only : Cererem, Cic.Verr. 2, 4, 50, § 111 : cives, Nep. Milt. 4, 2 : aliquid, id. Dat. 4, 2: abripere se, to run, scamper away: ita abripuit repente sese subito, Plaut. Mil. 2. 2. 21 : so id. Cure. 5, 1, 8. — B. Trans f", of property, to dissipate, squander: quod ille compersit miser, id ilia univorsum abripiet, Ter. Phorm. 1, 1, 11.— II. Trop., to carry off, remove, detach: repente te quasi quidam aestus ingenii tui procul a terra abripuit atque in altum . . . abstraxit, Cic. de Or. 3, 36, 145: voluntate omnes tecum fuerunt ; tempestate abreptus est unus, id. Lig. 12, 34 (the figure taken from those driven away in a storm at sea) ; so. abreptus amore caedum, Sil. 5, 229; cf. id.' 6, 332: (filium) etiam si natura a pa- rentis similitudine abriperet, i.e. made un- like him, Cic.Verr. 2, 5, 12.
t abrodiaetHS (or better, hab-), i,
m., = afipobianos (living delicately), an epithet of the painter Parrhasius, Plin. 35, 9, 36, § 71.
ab-rddo. si, sum, 3, v. a., to gnaw offy Varr. R.R. 2, 9,13; Plin. 10, 62, 82, § 169; 37, 6, 21, § 82.
abr-dgatiO, onis,/. [abrogo], a formal repeal of a law, Cic. Att. 3, 23, 2.
ab-rdgo. iivl, atum, 1, v. a. I. Lit., polit. t. t. : to annul in all its parts a law now in force, to repeal, to abrogate wholly (whereas derogo means to abro- gate partly and abrogo to counteract; v. these verbs), = cwroKupo<B: rogando legem tollere, Front. Dili. 2195 P.; v. rogo (very freq. in Cic.) : huic legi nee obrogari fas est, neque derogari ex hac aliquid licet, ne- que tota abrogari potest, this law cannot be invalidated by an opposing one, nor modified, by restrictions, nor wholly re- pealed Cic" Rep. 3, 22, from which exam- ple (cf. also id. ib. 2, 37 ; id. Att. 3, 23, 2, and many others in Liv.) it is evident that abro- gare was constr. in the classical period with «cc\, and noLas later, with dat. ; cf. Liv. 9, 34 Drak— M3. Of a civil office : magistra- tum alicui, to take it from one, to recall it: si tibi magistratum abrogasset, Cic.Verr. 2,2,57; id. Dom.83; so id. Off. 3, 10: Cato legem promulgavit de imperio Lentulo ab- rommdo. id. Q. Fr. 2, 3, 1 (so the correct read., not Lentuli).— II, Trop., in gen., to take away, to deprive of: male fidem servando illis quoque abrogant fidem, de- prive others of credit, Plaut. Trin. 4, 4, 41 ; so Cic. Rose. Com. 15 ; id. Ac. 2, 11 ; Auct. ad Her. 1, 10. abrosus, a, um, Part, of abrodo. t abrotdniteSy. ae. m. [abrotonum], . =a/?poToi/iTJic, sc. olvor; wine prepared with southernwood, Col. 12, 35.
t abrotonum (or better, hab=),i>^-i abrdtdnuS, i, m., = aftP6Tovov, a plant of a pleasant, aromatic smell, southern-
wood; peril. Artemisia abrotonum, Linn. : abrotoni graves, Lucr. 4, 125 ; so m. ; gra- vem serpentibus urunt abrotonum, Luc. 9, 921 : abrotonum aegro non andet dare (as a medicine), Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 114 ; cf. Plin. 21, 10, 34, §§ 60 and 160 ; Scrib. Comp. 7 sq., 167. ab-mmpo, upi, upturn, 3, v. a., to break off something violently, to rend, tear, sever (poet. ; seldom used before the Aug. per., only once in Cic, but afterw. by Verg., Ov., and the histt often). I, Lit.: vincla abrupit equus (transl. of the Homeric decrpdv airopprj^as, II. 6, 507), Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 3 (Ann. v. 509 Vahl.) ; so, nee Le- thaea valet Theseus abrumpere caro vin- cula Pirithoo, * Hor. C. 4, 7, 27 ; cf. Verg. A. 9, 118: abrupti nubibus ignes, torn from, Lucr. 2, 214 ; cf. with the fig. reversed, in Verg. : ingeminant abruptis nubibus ignes,
A. 3, 199 : abrupto sidere, i. e. hidden by clouds, id. ib. 12, 451 : plebs velut abrupta a cetero populo, broken off, torn from, Liv. 3, 19,9.—H, Trop.: (legio Martia) se prima latrocinio Antonii a.hmpit,first freed itself, Cic. Phil. 14, 12 : abrumpere vitam, to break the thread oflife,Verg. A. 8, 579 ; 9, 497 ; so later, abrumpere fata, Sen. Here. Oet. 893, or, medios annos, Luc. 6, 610 : ab- rumpere vitam a civitate, to leave it, in or- der to live elsewhere, Tac. A. 16, '28 fin. : fas, to destroy, violate, Verg. A. 3, 55 : medium sermonem, to break off, interrupt, id. ib. 4, 388 ; cf. abruptus : omnibus inter victoriam mortemve abruptis, since all means of escape, except victory or death, were taken from its, Liv. 21, 44, 8.— Hence, ab- TUptus. a, uin, P. a., broken off from, separated, esp. of places, inaccessible, or difficult of access. A. L it. , of places, pre- cipitous, steep (syn. : praeceps, abscissus) : locus in pedum mille altitudinem abruptus, Liv. 21, 36 : (Roma) muuita abruptis monti- bus, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 67 ; Tac. A. 2, 23 : petra un- dique abscissa et abrupta, Curt. 7, 11.— Also absol. : abrnptum, i, n., a steep ascent or descent: cf. praeceps: vastos sorbet iu
^abrnptum flnctus, she mcallows down her gulf Verg. A. 3, 422.— B. Trop., broken, disconnected, abrupt: Sallustiana brevi- tas et abrnptum sermonis genus, Quint. 4, 2, 45: contnmacia, stubborn,Ta,c. A. 4, 20. — Comp. , Plin. 11, 37, 51, § 138 ; Tert adv. Marc. 1, 1.— Sup., Plin. Ep. 9, 39, 5.— Absol. : per abrupta, by rough, dangerous ways, Ta,c. Agr. 42 fin, (cf. supra: abrupta contu- maciam — Adv. : abriipte. 1. Lit., in broken manner, here and there: palantes flammarum ardores, Amra. 17, 7, 8. — 2. Trop., of conduct, hastily, inconsider- ately, Just. 2, 15, 4; of discourse, abrupt- ly, Quint. 3, 8, 6; 4, 1, 79 ; also, simply, Macr. Somn. Scip. 1, 19.— Comp., Amm. 20,
abrapte. adv., v. abrumpo, P. a.fln. abruptlO, onis,/. [abrumpo], a break- ing or tearing off, a rending asunder.
I. Lit.; corrigiae, of a shoe-latchet, * Cic. Div. 2, 40, 84.— II. Trop.: augurii, inter- ruption, Paul, ex Fest. pp. 270 and 271 Mull. —Of divorce, Att. ap. Cic. Att. 11, 3, 1.
abruptus, a, um, v. abrumpo, P. a.
&b&,prep., v. ab.
abs-cedo, cessi, cessum, 3, v. n. (sync, abscessem = abscessissem, Sil. 8, 109 ), to go off or away, to depart. I. Lit. A. In gen.: abscede hinc, sis, sycophanta" Plant. Poen. 1, 2, 162 : meo e conspectu, id. Capt. 2, 3, 74 : numquam senator a curia ab- scessit aut populus e foro, Liv. 27, 50, 4 ; so, a corpore (mortui), Tac. A. 1, 7 ; cf. id. ib. 3' 5: ut abscesserit inde (i. e. e castris) dicta- tor, Liv. 22, 25, 9 : illorum navis longe in altum abscesserat, Plant. Rud. prol. 66.
B. I n p a r t i e. 1 . Milit. 1. 1 , to march off, to depart, retire : non prins Thebani Sparta abscessissent quam,etc, 3sTep. Iphicr. 2 fin.: longius ab urbe hostium, Liv. 3, 8, 8 ; cf. : a moenibus Alexandriae, id. 44, 19,
II. — Absol. : si urgemns obsessos, si 'non ante abscedimus quam, etc., Liv. 5, 4, 10 ; so Nep. Epam. 9. — Impers. : abscedi ab hoste, Liv. 22, 33, 10 ; cf. id. 27, 4, 1 : nee
.ante abscessum est quam, etc., id. 29, 2, 16 ; so, a moenibus abscessum est, id. 45, li, 7 :' manibus aequis abscessum, Tac. A. 1, 63.
2. To disappear, withdraw, be lost from vieic : cor (est) in extis : jam absce- «det, simul ac, etc., will disappear,Civ . Div 10
ABSC
' 2,16 fi?i.— Poet.: Pallada abscessisse mihi, has zoithdrawn from me.from mypozcer, Ov. M. 5, 375.— Of stars, to set, Plin. 2. 17, 14,§72al. '
3. Of localities, to retire, recede, re- treat: quantum mare abscedebat, retired, Liv. 27, 47 fin. ; so in architecture : frontis et latermn abscedentium adumbratio, of the sides in the background, Vitr. 1, 2, 2 • so id. 1, 2, 7, praef. 11.
4. With respect to the result, to retire, to escape : abscedere latere tecto, to escape with a whole skin, Ter. Heaut. 4, 2, 5.
II. Fig., to leave off, retire, desist from, constr. with ab, the simple abl., or absol. : labor ille a vobis cito recedet, bene- factum a vobis non abscedet (followed by abibit), Cato ap. Gell. 16, 1 Jin. ; so, cito ab eo haec ira abscedet, Ter. Hec. 5. 2, 15.— With abl. only: haec te abscedat suspicio, Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 100 : abscedere irrito iucep- to, to desist from, Liv. 20, 7, 1.— Absol. : aegritudo abscesserit, Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 29 ; so, somnus, Ov. F. 3, 307: imago, Plin. Ep. 7, 27, 6 : ille abscessit ( sc. petitione sua ), desisted from the action, Tac. A. 2, 34: ne quid abscederet (sc. de hereditate), Suet. Ner. 34; so, semper abscedente usufructu, Dig. 7, 1, 3, §2.
abscessiO, onis, /. [abscedo], a going away, a separating: cum ad corpora turn accessio fieret,tum abscessio,i.e.^m- inution, * Cic. Univ. 12 ; Diet. Cret. B. Tr. 1, 5.
ABSI
abscessus,Hs,m, [id.], a going away, departure, absence : solis, * Cic. N. D. 1, 10, 24 ; Verg. A. 10, 445 ; Tac. A. 4, 57 : continuus, continued absence, id. ib. 6, 38. —II. Medic. 1. 1., an abscess, Cels. 5, 7 : in plur., id. 5, 18.
abs-Cldo, cldi, cisum, 3, v. a. [caedo], to cut off with a sharp instrument (diff from ab-scindo, to break or tear off as with the hand); the former corresponds to prae- cidere, the latter to avellere, v. Liv. 31 34 4 Drak. I. Lit.: caput, Cic. Phil, li 2 5 ; Liv. 4, 19 ; Verg. A. 12, 511 al . ; so, mem- bra, Lucr. 3, 642 : bracchium, Liv. 4, 28 8 • collum, Sil. 15, 473 : dextram, Suet. Caes 68: linguam, Plaut. Am. 2,1,7; Suet. Calig 27 al. : comas alicui, Luc. 6, 568 : truncos ar- borum et ramos, Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 2.— II Trop., to cut off, deprive of; to detract": spern (alicui), Liv. 4, 10, 4; 24, 30, 12 ; 35 45,6: orationemalicni,id.45,37,9: omnium rerum respectum sibi, id. 9, 23, 12 : omnia praesidia, Tac. H. 3, 78 : vocem, Veil. 2, 66 • cf. Quint. 8, 3, 85 — Absol. : quarum ('ora- tionum) alteram non libebat mihi scribere, quia abscideram, had broken off, Cic. Att. 2, 7. — Hence, abscisus, a, um, P. a., cut off. A. Of places, steep, precipitous (cf. abruptus): saxum undique abscisum, Liv 32, 4, 5 ; so id. 32, 25, 36 : rupes, id. 32, 5 12.— B. Of speech, abrupt, concise, short' in voce aut omnino suppressa, aut etiam abscisa, Quint. 8, 3, 85 ; 9, 4, 118 Halm (al. abscissa ) : asperum et abscisum castiga- tiouis genus, Val. Max. 2, 7, 14: responsum id. 3, 8, 3: sententia, id. 6, 3, 10; cf. in comp. : praefractior atque abscisior justitia, id. 6, 5, ext. i.—Sup. prob. not used.— Adv.: abscise, cut off; hence, of speech, con- cisely, shortly, distinctly, Val. Max 3, 7 ext. 6; Dig. 50, 6, 5, §2. ab-scindo, cidi, cissum, 3, v. a., to tear
ror av:ay, to rend away (v. preced. art). Lit.: tunicam a pectore abscidit, he tore the tunic down from his breast, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 1 : cervicibus fractis caput abscidit, cut off, id. Phil. 11, 5. — With simple abl. : umeris abscindere vestem, Verg. A. 5, 685 ■ with de, id. G. 2, 23 > nee quidquam deus abscidit terras, torn asunder, separated Hor. C. 1, 3, 21 ; cf. Verg. A. 3, 418 ; Ov! M. 1, 22 al. : venas, to open the veins, Tac A. 15, 69; 16, 11.— II. Trop., to cut off separate, divide (rare): reditus dulces,z?o cut off, Hor. Epod. 16, 35: inane soldo, to separate, id. S. 1, 2, 113 : querelas alicujus, Val. Fl. 2, 160 : jus, Dig. 28, 2, 9, § 2.
abscise, adv., v. abscido, P. a.fln. _ * abscissio. <>nis,/. [abscindo], a break- ing off in the midst of a discourse; rhet. fig., Auct. ad Her. 4, 53 ; 4, 54 : vocis, Scrib Comp. 100.
abscissus, a, um, Part, of abscindo.
abscisns, a, um, P. a., v. abscido.
' abscondite, adv., v. abscondo, P. a. absconditor, oris, m. [abscondo], one
that hides or conceals, Jul. Firm. 5 15 ■ Tert. adv. Marc. 4, 25.
abs-COndo, condi and condidi, condi- tum and consum, 3, v. a. (abscondi, Tac H 3, 68; Curt. 6, 6 ; Gell. 17. 9 ; Caecil. and Pompon, ap. Xon. 75, 25 : abscondidi Plaut Merc. 2, 3, 25 ; Sil. 8, 192 : absconsum' Quint. Decl. 17, 15), to put away, conceal carefully, hide, secrete (the access, idea of a careful concealment distinguishes this word from its synn. abdo, celo, abstrudo, etc.) . I. L i t. : est quiddam, quod occulta- tur, quod quo studiosius ab istis opprimi- tur et absconditur, eo magis emmet et ap- paret, Cic. Rose. Am. 41 fin. : neqniquarn (earn) abdidi, abscondidi, abstrusam habe- bam, Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 25 : aurum secun- dum aram, Fragm. ap. Prise, p. 890 P : f0u- tes absconditi, Auct. ad Her. 4, 6, 9 : ensem iu vulnere, to bury, Sen. Thyest. 721 (cf. : lateri abdidit ensem, Verg. A. 2, 553 ; v. abdo, II e.)j so, abscondit in ae're telum, 1. e. shot it out of sight, Sil. 1, 316. — Pass., of stars, to set, and thus become invisible' Verg. G. 1, 221. — Hence, B. In gen., to make invisible, to cover : fiuvium et cam- pos caede, Sil. 11, 522 ; so id. 17, 49.— C Poet., to put a place out of sight, to lose sight of, to depart from : aerias Phae- acum abscondimus arces, we leave behind Verg. A. 3,291 (cf. id.ib. 4, 154: transmittunt cursu campos).— II. Trop.: fugam furto, to conceal flight, Verg. A. 4, 337 : praena- vigavimus vitam, et quemadmodnm in mari, sic in hoc cursu rapidissimi temporis, pri- mum pueritiam abscondimus, deinde adn- lescentiam, leave behind, outlive ( cf the prec, C), Sen. Ep. 70, 2; Tac. A. 13, 16.— Hence, abscondltllS, a, um, P. a., hid- den, concealed, secret, unknown ; gladii absconditi, Cic. Phil. 2, 108: in tam abscon- ditis msidiis,id. Cat. 3, 1, 3 : jus pontificum,
id. Dom. 54, 138.-^. i. abscondite,
of discourse. a. Obscurelu, abstrusely, Cic. Inv. 2, 23.— b. Profoundly, Cic. Fin. 3' 1> 2~ 2. absconse (from absconsus), se- cretly, Hyg. Fab. 184; Firm. Math. 2, 2.
t absegmen, ini9> n- [ab-seco], accord- ing to Festus, s. v. penitam, ap. Kaev. a piece (of flesh) out off, Paul, ex Fest. u 242 6 Mull. '
absens, entis ( not apsens ), Part of absum.
absentia, ae, /. [absum], absence: confer absentiam tuam cum mea, Cic. Pis 16, 37 ; Anton, ap. Cic. Att. 14, 13, A ; Quint 4, 2, 70; Tac. A. 4, 64 al. : testimoniorum" want of, Quint. 5, 7, 1.
* absentiVUS, a, um, adj. [absens], long absent, Petr. S. 33.
absento, iire, l,v. a. and n. [id.]. I. Act., to cause one to be absent, i. e. to send away: patriis procul absentaverit astris, Claud. Pros. 3, 213 (others read amaitdave- rit, or patriisque procul mandaverit), Cod Th. 12, 1, 48.-H. Neutr., to be absent: absentans Ulixes, Sid. 9, Ibjhi.
absida,ae, v. absis init..
absidatns; a, um, adj. [absis], having an arch ; arched, vaulted (late Lat.) : porti- cus, Paul. Vict. 4: caveae.Cassiod. Var. 4,51.
ab-Sliio, ii and ui, no sup., 4, v. n. and a. [salio], to leap or spring away, to leap off: procul, Lucr. 6, 1217.— With ace. rei (as in Gr. (p^eiv n) : nidos tepentes absili- unt (aves), fly from their warm nests, Stat. Th. 6, 97. '
ab-similis, e, adj. [ab, priv.], unlike, usually with a neg. and dat. (a) Absol.: talces non absimili forma muralium falcium Caes. B. G. 3, 14, 5.— (/?) with dat. : (herba) neque absimilis bitumini, Col. 6, 17, 2 ; so Plin. 8, 33, 51, § 121 ; Suet. Oth. 1 ; id. Dom. 10 al.
absinthlatns, a, um, adj. [absinthi- um], containing wormwood : poculum, i. e. filled with wormwood - wine, Sen, Snas. 6, p. 40 Bip.— Absol. : absinthia- tum, sc. vinum, wormwood-wine, Pall. 2, 32 ; Lampr. Hel. 21.
_t absinth! tes, ae, m., — ^lvBirm, sc. oivos, wornnwood-wine, CoL 12. 35 : Plin 14, 16, 19, § 109.
t absinthium,', n. (aisoabsinthins,
i, m., ap. \ arr. ace. to Non. 190, 25), = uV^V-
A BSO
nwood, Plin. 27, 7, 28 sq. ; Cato,
titoi .
R. R. 159 ; Varr. R. R. 1, 57 ; Col. 12, 35 Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 90 : tetrum, Lucr. 1, 936 ; 2, 400: 4, 11 al.— Trop. for something bit- ter, but wholesome, Quint. 3, 1, 5.
t absis or apsis, wis (coiiat. form ab-
Sida, ae, Paul. Ep. 12 ; cf. Isid. Orig. 15, 8, 7j /|La^«, lit. a fitting together in a cir- cular form, hence an arch or ■waw/f. I. Plin. Ep. 2, 17 (but in Plin. 36, 12, 17, the correct read, is aspidem, v. Sillig ad h. 1.). —In a church, the choir, Isid. Orig. 15, 18, 7, and Paul. Ep. 12 (in both of which it is doubtful whether absis, idis, or absida, ae, should be read ; cf. Areval upon Isid. 1. c. ). —II The circle which a star describes in its orbit Plin. 2. 18, 16, § 79; cf. id. 2, 15, 13, § 63. —Ill A round dish or bowl, Dig. 34, 2, 19, § 6 ; lb. Fragm. 32, § 1.
ab-sisto, stiti, no sup., 3, v. n. (like all the compounds of the simple active verb, used only in a neutr. signif.), to withdraw or depart from, to go away ; coustr. absol., with ab, or the simple abL (not in Cic). I, Lit.: quae me hie reliquit atque ab- ttitit, who has left me behind here, and gone off. Plaut. True. 2, 6, 32: ah signis, Caes. B. G. ."5, 17; v. Gron. ad Liv. 27, ±5. — Absol.: miles abstitit, wmt away, Tac. 2, 31: ab ore scintillae absistunt, burst forth, Verg. A. 12, 101: limine, id. ib. 7, G10: luco, id. ib. 6, 259. —II. Trop. with abL (of subst. or gerund.) or the inf., to desist from an act, purpose, etc., to cease, to leave off (so, perh., flrst in the Aug. period, for the more common de- sisto): obsidione, Liv. 9, 15 Drak. : bello, Hor. S. 1, 3, 104: continuando magistratu, Liv. 9, 34 : sequendo, id. 29. 33 : ingratis benefacere, id. 36, 35 : moveri, Yerg. A. 6, 399: absiste viribus indubitare tuis, cease to distrust thy strength, id. ib. 8, 403 ; cf. morari. id. ib. 12, 676.
* ab-Sltus, a, um, ad3-i lVin9 o,way, distant Paul. Nol. 13, 5.
* ab-SOCer, Sri, mi a great -great- grandfather of the husband or wife, Capi- tol. Gord. 2.
absolute, adv., v. absolvo, P. a.
absolutlO, Onis, / [ absolvo ]. I. In judicial Iang.,ft>2 absolving, acquittal: sen- tentiis decern et sex absolutio confici pote- rat, Cic. Clu. 27 : annus decimus post virgi- num r>bsoIutionem, id. Cat. 3, 4: majestatis (for de majestate), an acquittal from cri- men majestatis, id. Fain. 3, 11.— In Suet, in plur. : reis absolutiones venditare, Vesp. 16.— II, Completion, perfection, consumma- tion. A. I u g e n— virtus quae rationis absolutio" deflnitur, Cic. Fin. 5, 14 : hanc absolutionem perfectionemque in oratore desiderans, this finish and perfection, id. de Or. 1, 28, 130; so id. Inv. 2, 30.— B. Esp., in rhet., completeness, Cic. Inv. 1, 22, 32.
abSolutoriUS, a, um, adj. [id.], per- taining to acquittal, release. I. Adj. : ta- beilae. damnatoria et absol utoria Suet. Aug. 33: judicia, Gai, Dig. 4, 114.— II. Subst.: absolutdrium, ", n. (sc. remedium). a means of deliverance from : ejusmali, Plin.
28, 6, 17, § 63.
absolutus, a, um, p- «■> frorn
ab-SOlvo. vi, utum, 3, v. a., to loosen from, to make loose, set free, detach, untie <usu. trop., the fig. being derived from fet- ters, qs. a vinculis solvere, like vinculis exsolvere, Plaut. True. 3, 4, 10 ). I. Lit. (so very rare) : canem ante tempus, Amm.
29, 3: asmum, App. M. 6, p. 184: cf.: cum nodo cervicis absolutum, id. ib. 9, p. 231: valvas stabuli, i. e. to open, id. ib. 1, p. 108 fin. : absoluta lingua (ranarum) a gutture, loosed, Plin. 11, 37, 65, § 172.
II. T r o p. A. To release from a long story, to let one off quickly: Paucis absolvit, ne moraret diutius, Paa ap. Diom. p. 395 P (Trag. Rel. p. 98 Rib.); so, te absolvam brevi, Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 30.
B. To dismiss by paying, to pay off : ab- solve nunc vomitum . . . quattuor quadra- ginta illi debentur minae, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 120; so Ter. Ad. 2, 4, 13 and 18.— Hence, in gen., to dismiss, to release: jam hosce absolutos censeas, Plaut, Aul. 3, 5, 43 ; and ironic, id. Capt. 3, 5, 73.
C. To free from (Ciceronian) : ut nee Hoscium stipulatione alliget, neque a Fan- nio judicio ~se absolvat, extricate or free
ABSO
himself from a lawsuit, Cic. Rose. Com. 12 : longo bello, Tac. A. 4, 23 : caede hostis se absolvere, to absolve or clear oneJs self by murdering an enemy, id. G. 31. — With gen. : tutelae, Dig. 4, 8, 3; hence,
I), In judicial lang., t. t., to absolve from a charge, to acquit, declare innocent ; constr. absol., with abL, gen., or de (Zumpt, § 446 ; Rudd. 2, 164 sq.) : bis absolutus, Cic. Pis. 39: regni suspicione, Liv. 2, 8: judex absolvit injuriarum eum, Auct. ad Her. 2, 13 ; so Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 29 al. ; de praevari cat tone absolutus, id. Q. Fr. 2, 16. — In Yerr. 2, 2, 8, § 22: hie (Dionem) Veneri absolvit, sibi condemnat, are dativi commodi : from the obligation to Venus he absolves him, but condemns him to discharge that to himself (Verres).— With an abstract noun: fidem absolvit, he acquitted them of their fidelity (to Otho), pardoned it, Tac. H. 2, 60.
E. In technical lang., to bring a work to a close, to complete, finish (without denoting intrinsic excellence, like perfi- cere ; the fig. is prob. derived from detach- ing a finished web from the loom ; cf. : rem dissolutam divulsamque, Cic. de Or. 1, 42, 188). _So of the sacrificial cake: liba abso- luta (as taken from the pan), ready, Varr. R. R. 2, 8; but esp. freq. in Cic. : ut pic- tor nemo esset inventus, qui Coae Veneris earn partem, quam Apelles inchoatam reli- quisset, absol veret, Cic. Off. 3, 2 (cf. Suet. Claud. 3); id. Leg. 1, 3, 9; id. Att. 12, 45; cf. id. Fin. 2, 32, 105 ; id. Fam. 1,9,4; id. Att. 13, 19 al. — So in Sallust repeatedly, both with ace. and de, of an historical state- ment, to bring to a conclusion, to relate : cetera quam paucissumis absolvam, J. 17, 2: multa paucis. Cic. Fragm. Hist. 1, n. 2: deCatilinae conjuratione paucis absolvam, id. Cat. 4, 3 ; cf. : nunc locorum sitnm, quan- tum ratio sinit, absolvam, Amm. 23, 6. — Hence, absolutus, a, um, p- a-> brought to a conclusion, finished, ended, complete (cf. absolvo. E.). A. In £en'- nee appellatur vita beata nisi confecta atque absoluta, when not completed and concluded, Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 87 ; cf. : perfecte absolutus, id. ib. 4, 7*. 18; and: absolutus et perfectus per se, id. Part. Or. 26, 94 a\.—Comp., Quint. 1, 1, W.—Sup., Auct. ad Her. 2, 18, 28; Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 74; Tac. Or. 5 al.— B. Esp. 1. In rhet. lang., unrestricted, uncondition- al, absolute : hoc mini videor videre. esse quasdam cum adjunctione necessitudines, quasdam simplices et absolutas, Cic. Inv. 2, 57, 170.— 2. In gram. a. Nomen ab- solutum, which gives a complete sense with- out any thing annexed, e. g. : deus, Prise, p. 581 P.— b, Verbum absolutum, in rrisc. p. 795 P., that has no case with it; in Diom. p. 333 P., opp. inchoativum.— c. Adjectivum absolutum, which stands in the positive, Quint. 9, 3, 19. — Adv.: absolute, /w%, perfectly, completely ( syn. perfecte ), dis- tinctly, unrestrictedly, absolutely, Cic. Tusc. 4, 17, 38; 5, 18, 53; id. Fin. 3, 7, 26 ; id. Top. 8, 34 al.— Co mp., Macr. Somn. Scip. 2, 15. absone, adv-^ v- absonus^n. ab-SOnUS, a, um, adJ> I. Deviating from the right tone, discordant, dissonant, inharmonious : sunt quidam ita voce abso- ni, ut , . . in oratorum numerum venire non possint, Cic. de Or. 1, 25, 115: vox ab- sona atque absurda, id. ib. 3, 11, 41. — Hence, II, I n gen., not harmonizing with a thing, not accordant with, unsuitable, in- congruous ; constr. with ab or (= alien us) with dat. or absol. : nee absoni a voce mo- tus erant, Liv. 7,2: nihil absonum fidei divinae originis fuit, id. 1, 15: fortunis ab- sona dicta, Hor. A. P. 112. — Absol: nihil absonum, nihil agreste, Quint. $, 3, 107;
cf. id. 12, 10, 32.— Adv.: absone, discord-
anily, incongruously, Gell. 15, 25 ; App. Mag. p. 277.
ab-SOrbeO; bui, rarely psi, ptum (ab- sorbui, Plin. 9, 35, 58 : absorpsi, Luc. 4, 100 ; cf. Vel. Long. 2233 P.), 2, v. a., to swallow down any thing, to devour. I, Lit.: unda legiones, Naev. B. Pun. 4, 16 : oceanus vix videtur tot res tarn cito ab- sorbere potuisse, Cic. Phil. 2, 27, 67: pla- centas, Hor. S. 2, 8, 24; so id. ib. 2, 3, 240 K. and H. (al. o&sorbere and exsorbere) : uni- onem. Plin 1. 1. (Sill, ob-): res ad victum, to devour, Cic. Rep 2, 5. — II. Trop., to engross, absorb : nunc absorbuit aestus glo-
ABST
riae, Cic. Brut. 81; so id. Leg. 2, 4, 9: ipse ad sese jamdudum vocat, et quodam modo absorbet orationem meam, and, as it were, eats up my discourse (i. e. wishts it to treat of him only), id. Sest. 6, 13: ea (meretrix) acerrume aestuosa absorbet, devours (i. e. squanders one's property, the figure taken from the sea), Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, ti7.
* absorptlO, 6ms, / [absorbeo], per met., a drink, beverage, Suet. Ner. 27 dub.
abs-peUo,-porto,-portatio?v ^P •
I. abs-que, vreP- 90V- abl- [from abs and the generalizing -que, like susque deque from sub and de ; cf. Prise. 999 P.] (ante- and post -class.), without. I, Ante -class. A. Denoting defect in conception, while the class, sine indicates defect in reality. In Plaut. and Ter. only in conditional clauses: absque me. te, eo, etc. , esset = nisi or si ego, tu, is. etc., non fuissem; without me, i. e. without my agency, if it had not been for me : nam "hercle absque me foret et rneo praesidio, hie faceret