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THE

HIS 1
() Jt Y

OF'}' JII:.

]{
II ELL I 0
,

BY

ED"YARD EARL OF' CLAREXDO
.

IX EIGI-IT YOLU:\IE;:,.

.

K - '" '1'
tr;,u.:.c. e
a:l.
Hl"GY D.

!'.c 1 7Ú IfalÛ dicere a"dcat
7lE liuir{ t e-ri 'WIl audeut. LICI:RO.

l

THE

HISTOR

O}' THE

,.
REBELLION AND CIVIL ,V ARS

IN

EN GLAND,

TO WIIlCJJ IS AIJDEV

A
1l1
TOHICAL VIE\V OF THE AFl
AIRS OF IHELAND,

HY

ED\V ARD EARL OF CLARENDON.

.

A N:E'V EDI'rIl)N,

EXHIBITING .A FAITHFUL (;OLLATIOX OF THE ORIGINAL MS.,
'VrrH ALL THE SUPPRESSED IJASSAGES;

ALSO

THE UNPUBLISHED l'ì'OTES OF BISHOl:J 'VARßURTON.

VOL. YIII.

.

UX:FOltD,

AT THE
l.AREKnO:K rHl<:

.

)UH.':<.:CXX v 1.

.

A SHORT VIE\V

OF THE

STATE AND CONDITION

OF

In ELAND.

.

JER. ii. 14, 15, 16, 17.
Is Israel a 8l'r'"cant? is l
e a l
o'1neborn slave? wlq} is /te
spoiled?
Tlte young lions roared upon Itim" and yelled, and tltey
'lnade /tis land waste: IÛs cities are burned witltout inlla-
hilant.
Also tlte cltildren W Nop/t and Tahapanesltave broken tlte
crown W thy llead.
Hast tllOU not procured tllis u?Zto thyself, in that tltou hast
firsaken tlte Lord tlty God, wIlen he led tllee by tlte way?
I 1VI LL speak t/lat I 'Jnay be Irifl'es/led, saith The preface
the wisest and ]east faulty of Job's friends, when he
I
:;.e an-
was wearied and tired with the impertinence and Job xxxii.
20.
insolence of the others; Eloquar 'Ilt respiratio sit
'JJzi/zi, saith our Latin translation, I will speak that I
may breathe. It is a very great pain to hear nlen
speak ignorantly, and inlpertinently, and ,vickedly,
and not to have liberty to control or disprove thelll ;
no suffocation can be more unpleasant than such a
forced silence; to hear virtuous and ,vorthy actions
· declaimed and inveighed against, and virtuous and
VOL. VIII. ß

. SHORT VIEW

'\\'orthy fi1en censured, traduced, and reproached for
doing what theý ought, and by their duty are obliged
to do, whilst unlawful and sinful actions are justi-
fied or comn1ended, and their abettors magnified
and extolled; and not to reply to those n1alicious
discourses: to be forced to hear our natural sove-
reign (an innocent and pious prince) slandered and
accused with reproaches, calumnies, lies, and asper-
sions, notoriously false, and easy to be made to appear
to be so, anq to keep silence: to see and hear God
himself profaned and blasphemed, his omnipotence
questioned and slighted, his justice disputed, and his
anger derided: to hear murder, treason, and rebel-
lion vindicated and maintained, as comn1itted and
propagated by the infusion and direction of his Spi-
rit, and his blessed naine invoked and challenged for .
defence and support of such a mass of wickedness,
and not to open a nlan's mouth against the horrid
blasphemy, is not only more vexation, grief, and tor-
ment of mind, but really more sharp, sensible, and
11iercing pain to the in\vard and nobler parts of a
wise and honest man, than ,vhat the outward limbs
are subject to by the gout, toothach, or rack itself.
Never age subjected men to this kind of trouble and
pain more than the present; when, to the persecu-
tion that good men undergo in the loss -of their for-
tunes and lives, in their banishment from their
friends, their families, and their country, and the
wants and necessities which naturally attend that
sad condition, this circurnstance is added, (a cir..
cumstance which Inost persecutions have been with-
out,) that the
are pursued with reproaches of
not having done their parts in resisting the rude
torrent which hath overborne them, (when they bear

()F 'THE STATE OF IRELAND. 3

all the honourable marks of doing and suffering,)
oftentÍlnes "rith calunlnies of a baser allay, of com-
plying with the public enemies, when (neAt to the
public) their particular merit and virtue have been
\vith the greatest envy, malice, and fury, detested
and persecuted by those enen1ies, and with such
other scandals and un worthy aspersions, as lllay
alienate the affections of the beholders, and deprive
thenl of that compassion, honour, and justice, which
is due from all the world to their courage, wisdom,
and integrity. And this kind of effeminate distem-
per too often rages in the breasts of those who come,
in sonle degree, to be joint-sufferers \vith the other
in the COlllmon calamiti
s; who, having been ori.
ginally guilty of making those breaches, at which
greater, or, rather, other wickedness hath broken in,
than they, it may be, at first intended, instead of
ackno,vledging their own folly and madness, labour
rather to traduce those who hindered then} frolll
prevailing, than to oppose the other who prevailed
further than they desired they should have done.

'There needs no other instance, ho,v many nl0re The oc('a-
b . f h . ] d h . sion of tlJis
soever Illay e gIven, 0 t IS petu ant an unc rIS- treatise.
tian IUllTIOUr, than the licence which hath been and
still is taken, by some of the Romish clergy of the
Irish nation, (in sonle printed pamphlets, whereby
they would nlove the Christian world to take conl-
passion on thelll,) to lay aspersions and unworthy
imputations upon t
e king, who is in heaven, who
used all imaginable princely endeavours to have re-
duced and preserved them, after they had ITIOSt re-
belliously provoked him, anrl upon his majesty that
t10'V is;, (whose faithful su
jects they seem to desire
B 2

4

1\ Sf-TORT YTE"-

to he t.hought and accounted,) and upon the Inarquis
of Orlnoud, the king's lieut.enant of that kingdoln,
,vho (having served their 11lajesties \vith the greatest
courage "1nd ln
gnaninlity, and upon the DI0st ab-
stracted considerations of honour and conscience,
and thereby struck so great a reY'erencc of his vir-
tues, even into his cnen1ies, that though they hated
and feared hinl 11108t, yet they have ne\rer reproacht'd
or reviled hÍ111) is no\\r forced, by SOlnc unquiet and
un"
orthr spirits of his O\VU country, to undergo
thosejlag'('lla lillguæ, the strokes of the tongue, front
,,
hich only the oUlnipotencp of Abnighty God him-
self can hide and preserve the 1110st upright and
Inost e
cellent persons: and though the o]d receipt
and prescription of t
preta e..t'ole8cllut, lnay to Inany
seenl tìt to be applied to these odious ebullitions, and
that to take the least notice of such le,,-d discourses
C\vhich fIo,," frOlll no other fountain but that of lna-
lice and ignorance) is to do thel}} too llluch credit;
yet, since the judglnent of the UIOst ulu'ight anù
,visest BIen 1nar bp corrupted by the nIistaking Inat-
tel'S of fact" and since the titular bishop of Ferns (for
it \\rill he no presuluption to say, though the pope
11lay lllake bishops, he cannot dispose of bishoprics
".ithin the king of Great Britaill"s donlÍnions) hath
thought fit to publish a little book in his O\Yll nallle,
and industriously to disperse the saUle into all parts,
and anlong such persons ,,-ho can be preslllned to
kno\v little of the affairs of Ireland, other,,-ise than
they are inforlued; and in that book to lay tl1any
reproaches upon his O\\TI1 la\yful sO\Tereign, and nlost
untruly to traduce the person of the lord lieutenant
of that kingdon1, the Inarquis of Orn1ond, ('VhOl1I his
lordship ought not to luention ,vithout reverence,)

O}i' 'rIfE S'J'A'l'E OF IRgLl\
D. .5

and in that manner as if he \vere the nlouth, and

pake the \vords of that \vhole nation: I have not
only thought it a debt to truth and justice, but a
respect to that unhappy and oppressed nation, (of
which very n1any noble persons have hehaved them-
selves with notable fidelity to their prince,) and even
an act of charity to the lloman catholic faith, (\v hich
may undergo some scandal from the licence and dis-
tC111pCr of such discourses,) to endeavour to preserve
the Ininds of men frOlTI being ,,"rought upon by those
infusions, and corrupted by those Inisinfornlations. '
For the hetter doing ,vhcreof, it will be necessary The happy
k I . f . f h d 1 .. condition
to ta re a Jrle Vle\V 0 t e true state an cone ltIon of Ireland
of the kingdom of Ireland, before the year 1640,
:

r
6t

.
and of those nlaterial passages which since that time
have, in the opinion of the bishop, or in truth, con-
tributed to the full calamity which it no,v under-
goe
, hy \vhich it ,vill be easily discerned \vhere the
fault hath heen, and from whence the misfortune
hath proceeded. In doing whereof, I shall allege no
matter of fact, of \vhich there is not unquestionahle
evidence, nor make any deductions or conclusions
which do not naturaUy result from those actions,
leaving the history of the memorable acts ,,-hich
have IJassed on either side, in the rnanagery of that
war, to those \\ hu have better means and skill to
compo
e the sanle, having in truth no other end in
this work, than to vindicate the Inost entire person

from the mo
t unreasonable calumnies; to undeceive
tho
e \\ ho are inlpo
ed upon hy untruths, and (if it
bf' pu
siblc) yet to incline the deceivers to thu
e in-
genuous and Christian cour:scs which
an best ad-
vance their own pretension
and real interest. It i

not the bishop's calling the ten years' \var in Ire-
n

6

A SHOIl"r VIE'"

land, sancfll1lÍ jUl;tissi1Jutmque bellum, nor his say-
ing that they have undergone the most constant and
severe persecution for their profession of the catholic
religion for the space of one hundred and thirty years,
that can make the happy and blessed condition for-
gotten, which that nation was possessed of before
their own (to say no worse) unskilful rage and fury
brought this war upon them. They have now lei-
sure enough, and I hope spirits better prepared, to
revolve the ,vonderful plenty, peace, and security
they enjoyed till the year 1641, when they wan-
tonly and disdainfully flung those blessings fr0111
them; the increase of traffic, the Íll1provell1ent of
land, the erection of buildings, and ,vhatsoever else
might be profitable and pleasant to a people, which
were advantages and ornalnents that the policy and
industry of that nation was utterly unacquainted
with, till they were acquired by the skill and labour
of the English, planted, and living charitahly, friena-
Iy, and hospitably all10ng them: taxes, tallages, and
contributions, were things hardly kno\vn to them
by their nalnes: ,vhatever their land, ]abour, or in-
dustry produced, was their o,vn; being not only free
from the fear of having it taken from them by the
king, upon any pretence whatsoever, without their
own consent, but also so secured against thieves and
robbers, by due execution of good laws, that men
might and did travel over all the parts of the king-
dom with great sums of money, unguarded and un-
concealed. If this precious state of affairs be or was
undervalued, under the notion of being but temporal
blessings, and the want of freedol11 alleged in the
exercise of the Romish religion, to which that na-
tion ,vas generally addicted, it cannot be denied,

OF THE S'I'ATE OF IREL.A.ND. 7

that (though by the laws and constitution of that
kingdom the power and authority of the bishop of
Rome is not in any degree allowed or submitted
unto) the whole nation enjoyed an undisturbed ex-
ercise of their religion, and even in Dublin ('v here
the seat of the king's chief governor was) they ,vent
as publicly and uninterruptedly to their devotions,
as he ,vent to his: bishops, priests, and all degrees
and orders of the secular and regular clergy, were
known to live, and exercise their functions alTIOngst
thelll; and though there were some laws against
thelTI still in force, which necessity, and the \visdoln
of former ages, had caused to be enacted, to su p-
.. press those acts of treason and rebellion which that
people frequently then fe
into, and the policy of
the present times kept unrepealed, to prevent the
like disten1pers and designs; yet the edge of those
laws was so totaHy abated by the clemency and
compassio
of the king, that no lTIan could say he
had suffered prejudice or disturbance in or for his
religion; which is another kind of indulgence than
the subjects professing a faith contrary to what is
established by the law of the land can boast of, in
any other kingdonl of the ,vorld. In this blessed
condition of peace and security, the English and
Irish, the protestants and the ROl11an catholics, lived
luingled together in all the provinces of the king-
dom, quietly trafficking ,vith one another during the
whole happy reign of king J allles; and froin his
death, every degree of their happiness ,vas increased
and inlprovcd under the goverlllnent of his late 111a-
jesty, as long as they contained themselves \vithill
the bounds of duty and allegiance to\vards him.
The wealth of the kingdou1 was exceedingly in-
B t

8

A
HOR1.' VIE\V

creased by the importation of great store of money
thither, and a ,vonderful increase of trade; several
new and profitable manufactories were introduced
and erected, whereby the inhabitants were set on
work, and the land generally improved, by applying
it to several sorts of good husbandry, which that
people had been utterly unacquainted with. Ro-
man catholic landlords had protestant tenants, and
many protestant landlords Roman catholic tenants.
Friendships, nay marriages, were very frequently
contracted between them, and all passion, at least
all visible animosities, which flow from the differ-
ences of those professions, laid aside or suppressed,
till, in the year 1640, when they discerned SOlne
distelnpers arising in England upon the Scots inva-
sion, and the support and countenance that people
found in both houses of parliament, they would
likewise bear their part, and bring in their contri-
T f be see
s. bution to the work in hand. Then they began to
o the cIvil
war in Ire- transplant those humours of jealousy and discontent,
Jand. which they found springing up seditiously in the
parliament at Westminster, into Ireland; and, with
the same passion and distemper, cherished thelTI in
the other at Dublin. So they accused, upon general
and unreasonable imputations, the principal counsel-
lors and ministers of state, ,vho were intrusted by
the crown in that kingdom, of high treason; and ,
thereby, according to the rule then unjustly pre-
scribed at '" estminster, removed thelTI from any
po,ver over the affairs there, whose ,visdom might
probably else have prevented the mischiefs which
have since ensued. Then they childishly concurred
with the greatest enemies their nation or religion
had, in the conspiracy against the life of the earl of

O.F 'rHE 8
rA
rE (J}i' IRELAND. !)

Strafford, lord lieutenant of that kingdoln, by whose
wisdoD1 and government that kingdom had reaped
great advantages, and was daily receiving greater,
and sent a comlnittee from Dublin to \Vestminster,
to join in prosecution of him; and having in the
end procured the miserable (and never to be enough
lanlented) ruin of that great person, they powerfully
opposed and hindered the conferring of that charge
upon any of those his majesty had designed it to,
and got it devolved into such hands as were most
unlike to grapple with the difficulties they \vere sure
to meet ,vith; and having thus, to their utmost
power, fOlllented the divisions in England, and dis-
countenanced and weakened the royal power in Ire-
land, by raising the same factions against it there,
on a sudden, upon the 23d day of October, accord- The mas-
ing to that computation, in the year of our Lord sacre.
1641, ,vithout the least pretence of a quarrel or hos-
tility so much as apprehended by the protestants,
great llluititudes of Irish ROlTIan catholics in the
province of Ulster, ani shortly after in other pro-
vinces and parts of the kingdom, tunlultuously as-
sembled together, put themselves in arnlS, seized
upon the tourns, castles, and houses belonging to
protestants, \vhich by their force they could possess
themselves of, and with most barharous circull1-
stances of cruelty, within the space of less than ten
days, murdered an incredible nUlllber of protestants,
men, women, and children proll1iscuously, and with-
out distinction of age or sex. Of all those \vho \vere
within the reach of their po"rer, they who escaped
best were robbed of all they had to their very skins,
and so turned naked to endure the sharpness of that
season; and by that means, and for ,vant of relief,

The Irish
not gene-
rally con-
cerneù in
it.

]0

A SHOR'r VIEW

many thousands of them perished by hunger and
cold. The design which at the saIne til11e was laid
for the surprise of the castle of Dublin (the residence
of the king's chief governor, and his majesty's prin-
cipal magazine of ar111S and all1munition, wherewith
it was then plentifully stored) being discovered by
a person trusted, and thereby disappointed, that
place was left securely to consult of the best lneans
to oppose that torrent which was like to overwhehn
the kingdolll; and for a refuge to the poor protest-
ants,,. who from all parts of the kingdom flocked
thither, despoiled, robbed, and stripped, with the sad
relation of the n10st inhuman cruelties and murders
exercised upon their friends, kindred, and neigh-
bours, which have ever been heard of alnong CÞ.ris-
tians; and in this manner, and with these circun1-
stances, began that war which the bishop of Ferns
calls n10st just and holy.
It is not the purpose of this discourse to lay the
itnputation of this rebelJion and savage cruelty upon
aU the Irish nation, and the catholics of that king-
dom, of whom Inany persons of honour were never
in the least degree tainted with that corruption;
but, on th
contrary, have al\vaJTs given as signal
testin10nies of their affection and duty to the king,
and of their detestation of that odious and bloody
defection, as any of his subjects of either of his ma-
jesty's other kingdolns have done, and whose memo-
ries must with equal justice and care be transnlitted
to posterity, as precious examples of honour and in-
tegrity. Others were, by the passion and rigour of
those who were then in authority, (and had power
enough to destroy WhOlll they had inclination to
suspect or accuse,) driven to put themselves into the

OF TIlE STATE OF IREI
A
D. 11

protection of those ,vhose "rays and courses they to-
tally disapproved; and many, who were by Inisin-
formation and 111isbelief engaged in the carrying on,
and possibly in the contriving of the war and insur-
rection, "rere enemies to those actions of bloody ra-
pine and inhumanity which dishonour any war, and
gre\v quickly ,villing to repair the breaches they had
made, and to return to that duty which they had
violated: but it is neither in1pertinent nor uncharit-
able to beseech those of that nation, \vhether clergy
or laity, who, in respect of the present weight of
calamities, under 'v hich they are oppressed, nlay be
worthy of c0111passion, to ren1elnber, that, though
they no\v continue this \var \\rith innocence and jus-
tice, they first entered into it \vith extreme guilt,
and prosecuted it with extren1e and unnecessary
cruelty; and that though they now lawfully defend
then1selves, their country, and their king against the
worst and IllOst n1erciless of tyrants, they had never
been driven to these exigencies, or undergone these
devouring afflictions, if they had not first unreaSOll-
ab]y and \vickedly rebelled against the best and Illost
merciful of kings: and their be\vailing and heartily
lamenting that first transgression, is like to be the
most Christian and the IllOst catholic expedient to
persuade God Aln1ighty to protect and relieve thelTI
in their present sufferings and intolerable pressures;
and the contrary and 1110st un prelatical ten1per, tIle
defending and justifying the 'val' froln the beginning
to be 11108t just and holy, and that lllOSt horrible
rage and fury in the prosecution of it to be the
pious ll1eans of upholding and carrying on that n10st
just and holy \var, may probahly indispose that Pro-

1!2

.A
HORrr VIE\V

vidence fr0111 taking any pity on then}, or pre
crv-
ing theln from a total extirpation.

::
l ;
ra- One circumstance of unhappy and in1pious policy
the Insh. must not be forgotten, by which the bold authors of
that unnatural war, in the first entrance into it, pro-
111ised to themselves notable advantages; and which
in truth (as 11lost of the policy of that kind usually
is turned to the ruin of the politician) brought un-
speakable misery and devastation upon that whole
country and nation. For the better inducing the
people, (who, having lived long in pea
e and amity
with the English, were not without some reverence
to that government, and so could not in plain and
direct terms be easily led into an avon-Ted rebellion
against their king,) they not only declared, and with
great skill and industry published throughout the
kingdom, that they took ar01S for the king, and de-
fence of his lawful prerogative, against the puri-
tanical parlialnent of England, ,vhich, they said, in-
vaded it in many parts; but that 'v hat they did ,vas
by his majesty's consent, approbation, and authority;
and to that purpose produced and s}le\ved a commis-
sion, to which they had fixed an impression of the
great seal of England, \vhich they had taken off
from some g
'ant or patent \vhich had regularly and
legally passed; and so it ,\-as not hard to persuade
,veak and unexperienced persons to believe, that it
was a true and real cot1llnission from the king: and
by this foul stratagen1 they cast so odious an inlpu-
tation upon the king, and upon those persons whu
\vere ,vorthily nearest his affections and counsels,
The fatal ( that seditious 1 ) art y in En g land, \vho were then
conse-
quences contriving all the Inischicf they have since brought
of it.

OF TIlE STATE (JF IREJ
AND. 1
;

to pass, u
ing an their arts to propagate those horri-
ble calumnies, and to infuse into the hearts of the
people an irreverence and jealousy of the king,
queen, and those of nearest trust to either of them,)
that his majesty ,vas even compelled, for his o".n
vindication, and lest he Inight be thought too faint
a prosecutor of an enenlY, ,vhose insurrections it ,vas
said hinlself had fOlnented, to cOlllnlit the ,vhole 111a-
nagelnent of that ,val' to his t\VO houses of parlia-
Inent, ,vho again interested and intrusted such n1enl-
bel's of their own body \vith the ordering and direct-
ing of the saIne, as ""ere resoh'ed, with nlost passion,
uncharitableness, and violence, to prosecute that
whole nation, and that religion that ,vas 1110st gene-
rally exercised there. Thus ,vere all the persons,
that \yere to conduct both the civil and Dlartial
affairs in Ireland, dra,vD to a dependance upon
the t\\TO houses of parliall1ent at "T estnlÍnster; all
the officers and comn1anders for that war n0l11i-
nated or approved by thel11; all Dloney raised for
that service issued and disposed only by their or-
del's: and, by these means, they, ,vho craftily in-
tended to dra,v a support and countenance to theul-
selves by using the king's nan1e to purposes he ab-
horred, sottishly defrauded and deprived thenlsel yes
of that protection and mercy, which his Dlajesty
,voldd ,villingly have vouchsafed to them for their
reduction and preservation. For, from this time,
,,"hen any thing ,va
proposed of extravagancy or
overnluch rigour, which the proposers said was ne-
cessary for the carrying on that war, if the king
111ade any scruple or pause in giving his consent to
the same, they straight declared they were obstruct-
ed in sending relief to the poor protestants of Ire-

14

A SHORT VIE'V

land, and then published SOllIe particular relations
of the lamentable and inhuman massacres made
there by the Irish, ,vhich \vere confirlned by multi-
tudes of 11liserable undone people, ,vho landed from
thence in the several parts of England; who like-
wise reported the rebels' discourses, of executing all
by the king's direction: so that indeed it was not
in his po,ver to deny any thing \v hich they thought
fit to say ,vas necessary to the good work in hand.
Thus he was compelled to put all the strong holds,
towns, and casHes in the province of Ulster, into the
possession of the Scots, 'v ho ,vere at that time, by
the great managers, believed to be more worthy to
be trusted than the English, with unusual circum-
stances of po,ver, and even a kind of independency
upon the lord lieutenant of Ireland; and when his
111ajesty desired them to reconsider their own propo,-
sitions, and reflect ho,v much it might trench upon
the English interest, they furiously voted, that who..
soever advised his majesty to that delay, was an
enemy to the kingdom, and a prollloter of the rebel..
lion in Ireland. Thus his majesty was necessitated
to consent to that bin, by \vhich too great a latitude
is given for the disposal of lands, in the several pro-
vinces of that kingdom, to those who have adven-
tured money in the war; and \vhich, without the
interposition, shelter, and lnercy of the sovereign
po\ver, would give up ahnost all that whole people
and their fortunes to the disposal of their cruel ene-
ß1ies. And lastly, by this groundless and accursed
calulllny, thus raised upon the king, full po\ver ,vas
devolved into their hands, \v ho too n1uch Î1nitated
the fury and inhunlanity of the Irish in the carry-
ing on the \var, and proceeded ,vith such rigour and

OF THE STATE OF IREIJAND. 15

cruelty in the shedding of blood, as was ll10st de-
tested bý his majesty's gracious and merciful dispo-
sition.
'Vhen the rebellion broke out in England, and The cru
l
prosecutIOn
the king was thereby conlpelled to take up arms for of the war
his o\vn defence, and had seen the men and money,

lar-
raised by his authority for the relief of Ireland, em-
ployed by his English rebels against hhnself, and so
his protestant subjects in that kingdonl, upon the
matter, deserted, or at least unprovided for; and
the strength and power of the Ronlan catholics in-
creasing, and every day improved bJ' assistance and
aid from abroad; his Inajesty believed they had
made the worst use of all the slanders and re-
proaches which were raised against him, and began
to interpose his o,vn royal authority a little more
than he could formerly do, in managing the af-
fairs of Ireland, and ß1ade such an alteration in the
government there, by removing one of the lord jus-
tices, ,vho ,vas most addicted to the English rebels,
and most applicable to their ends, and putting a
lTIoderate and discreet person in the place, that his
D1ajesty's honour and comnlands, and the public in-
terest of the kingdonl, were more regarded, and the
power ,vhich the English pal'lianlent had unreason-
ahly assumed there, less considered. His majesty
like\vise granted nlore absolute power and jurisdic-
tion in lnilitary affairs to the lllarquis of Ormond
than he had before, well knowing, that as he was a
person of the 1110st ancient honour, and the greatest
and noblest fortune within that kingdom, and of
a very signal affection to the cro,vn, upon the mo
t
abstracted considerations of conscience, duty, and in-
tegrity; so that being of that nation, and too much

]6

A SHOR'T VIE'"

concerned in their peace and happiness to \vish an
extirpation of it, he would carryon the ,val" with
less unnecessary severity and devastation, than
had been used; which ,vas like to prove the lTIOst
effectual ,yay to purge that people fron1 the despair
they had s,vallowed, and dispose then1 to return to
their duty and allegiance. And it ,vill not be de-
nied, that fron1 this time, (however the Irish were
defeated always in battle, as often as they encoun-
tered with the marquis, and such execution was
then taken, as, in the heat and unruliness of those
The gentle contentions, cannot be prevented,) there ,vas never
methods .í' I d b h E I . h .
taken by any IOU act one y t e ng IS , or greater rlgour
his majesty. used than was necessary to the work in hand; no
retaliation of forn1er outrages, but quarter given
when desired; and all articles, consented to by the
marquis or his officers, punctually observed and per-
forlned to the nation; and the war, in all consider-
ations, prosecuted by the same rules, and with the
saIne temper, as if it had been against an equal
enelny, who could have justified the entering into it.
And here it 11lust be observed, that how cheap
soever the marquis is now grown in the opinion of
the bishop, as a soldier and a general in war; and
ho"r n1uch soever the bishop is pleased to reproach
his inactivity against the enen1Y, during the whole
time that he alone ordered and conducted the ,val"
.
against the Ronlan catholics, on the behalf of his
nlajesty; his un,vearied vigilance and industry, in
quick, painful, and sudden 111arches; his sharp and
successful counsel in designs, and his undaunted
The cou- courage in execution, was very grievous and forn1i-
rage and
conduct of dable to them: how many of their towns, castles,
the marquis d cl o d k fj h · h dfì I f
of Ormond, an forts 1 he ta e rOll1 t em WIt a han u 0

OJ1' 'rHE STA1'-E 01? IJ
ELAND. ]7

lnell? "Then did they appear before hitn In the
field, though \vith numbers l11uch superior to his,
that they were not defeated, routed, and disbanded?
Let them remember the battle at Kilrush, in April, Tht" hattle
. f of Kilrusla.
] 642, ,,-hen, bCIng double the nUlnber 0 the mar..
quis, they thought without difficulty to have cut off
his army, which was then tired and harassed with
long In arches, and want of all kind of provisions;
hut, upon the encounter, the Irish were quickly sub-
dued, slain, and put to flight, \vith the loss of their
baggage and ammunition. vritness that fanIous Thp baUle
of R(l"
t'.
battle near Rosse, when general Preston led an
army of above six thousand foot and eight hundred
horse against the Inarquis, ,vho had not two thou-
sand t,,"o hundred foot, nor five hundred horse; and
where, by the advantage of the ground, and other
accidents, the Irish horse had routed the English,
and driven thell1 frol11 the field: at the sight where-
of the small body of foot \vere even appalled and
dismayed, when the marquis put hinlself in the head
of his shaken and disheartened infantry, and, by his
sole resolution and vi'rtue, inflan1ed them with shanle
and courage, and led them against their proud anò
insulting enemy; and after a sharp encounter and
slaughter of as many as had courage to make oppo-
sition, put the .rest to flight, and pursued them to
the bogs and fastnesses, more terrified and con-
founded with his single name, than the po\ver that
assisted hin1.
'Vhilst the marquis had officers and soldiers that
\vould obey and follow hinI, he found no enemy
could withstand him; without those, nor Hannibal,
Scipio, nor Cæsar, ever ohtained victory. When,
hy these continual successes, the wild distemper of
VOl,. VIII. C

18

A SHOll1.' VIEW

the Irish began to be abated; and they who had
been carried along with the popular stream, without
any power to resist the torrent, had now opportu-
nity to revolve what they had done, and the conse-
quence that must necessarily attend such transac-
tions: they thought an hun1ble address to him
whom they had offended to be a more natural way
to peace and happiness than the prosecution of the
war, which had been attended with so luuch mis-
chief, and accordingly professed a desire to be ad-
Th
!risb mitted to petition the king; in which they found
petItIon for .
a treaty. such encouragement, that, upon that theIr first de-
claration, a cOlnmission was sent by his majesty to
the marquis of Ormond and others, to receive any
such petition; which likewise was no sooner trans-
mitted to him, than another commission under the
great seal of Ireland was granted to treat with the
Roman catholic Irish, in order to a cessation of
arms; that so, upon the intermission of those acts
of blood and outrage, and a Inore charitable commu-
nication of each other's grievances, the foundation
for a happy peace might be telnperately and ma-
turely weighed and considered: and hereupon that
A cessation cessation of arms was agreed upon for the space of
agreed to.
one year, so nluch to the advantage and benefit of
the Roman catholics.
What scandals, reproaches, and real damages the
marquis underwent by his being charitably inclined
to that cessation, and desiring to prevent those ca-
lamities which he wisely foresaw 01uSt be the por-
tion of that nation, if they did not speedily return
to their allegiance and loyalty, wise lnen kne,v, who
were acquainted with the hUlnour and spirit of that
time, and the universal prejudice the two kingdoms

OF THE STATE OF IRELAND. 19

of England and Scotland had contracted against the
Roman catholics of Ireland, for the damage they
had sustained, and the rapine and cruelty which had
been perpetrated by the first authors of the rebel-
lion, insol11uch as a lllore ungracious and unpopular
inclination could not be discovered in any man, than
a wish or consent that that \val' (from which so many
lnen promised thel11selves revenge and fortunes)
should be any other way extinguished, than \vith the
blood and confiscation of all those whom they \vould
pronounce to be guilty of the defection. And if the
Inarquis hath not found a due retribution of thanks
and ackno\vledgment from the \vhole nation, for giv-
ing thenl that opportunity to have made themselves
happy, (so signally to his own disadvantage,) it must
be imputed to the want of understanding, discretion,
and gratitude, in which too Inany of that people
have abounded.
Shortly after the cessation ,vas Inade, the con-
federate catholics sent certain COl1Ullissioners, au-
thorized by them, to attend his 11lajesty at Oxford,
with such desires and propositions, as Blade too
lively a representation how incolllpetent considerers
they were of the way to their o\vn repose and hap-
piness; and how unlikely they were to prevent the
destroying calamities that hung over their heads,
and so closely pursued thenl. And, at the sanle time,
as long as that treaty lasted, the king was likewise
attended by a conlmittee sent by the council board
of that kingdonl, to inforll1 his majesty of all ßlat-
tel'S of fact \vhich had passed, and of the la,vs anù
CUstOlllS there, \vhich Illight be necessary to be \vell
,veighed, upon what the catholics should delnand or
propose: and hy another cOl1llnittee, \\'ho \vere de-
C 2

QO

.1\ SH()R1.' VIE'V

puted by a parlialnent then sitting at Dublin, to so-
licit his 111ajesty in behalf of his protestant subjects of
that kingdoll1; and that nothing might be granted
in t.hat treaty to the prejudice of their interest and
security.
The higb The catholics, as men which thought themselves
demands of
the Roman- possessed of the \vhole strength and po\ver of the
ists. kingdon1, and the king's condition in England so
\veak, as he would buy their assistance at any rate,
delnanded upon the matter the total alteration of
government both in church and state: the very
form of Inaking and enacting laws, \vhich is the
foundation of government, and which had been prac-
tised ever since the reign of Henry the Seventh,
must be abolished, and, instead of liberty and tole-
ration of the exercise of the Roman religion, they
insisted upon such privileges, imlnunities, and power,
as \vould have amounted at best but to a toleration
of the protestant religion; and that no longer than
they should think fit to cons
nt to it. On the other
hand, the C0l11nlittee of parlialnent, as men \vho too
n1uch felt the smart and anguish of their late suf-
ferings, and undervalued and contemned the catho-
lic Irish, as inferior to then1 in courage and conduct,
and as possessed of much greater power by the ces-
sation than they could retain in a war, very earn-
.estly pressed the execution of the present laws in
force, reparation for t.he damages they had sus-
tained, and disarrning the lrish in such manner,
and to such a degree,. as it might not he hereafter
in their po\ver to do Inore nlischief; and such other
conditions, as people who are able to contend are
not usually persuaded to submit unto. In these so
different and distant applications, they "rho \vere

OF '.fHE S'rA'rE OF IRELAND.
1

sent as moderate men from the council kne,v not
how to behave themselves; but enough discovered,
that they had not the confidence in the Irish, as to
be willing they should he so far trusted, that the
performance of their duty should depend only upon
their affections and allegiance, but that there should
be greater restraint on them than they were inclined
to adn1it; otherwise, that the protestant religion and
the English interest would be sooner rooted out by
the peace they proposed, than it could be by a
war.
I t is very true, that the commissioners for the
confederate catholics demeaned thenlselves to his
nlajesty with a great show of modesty and duty,
and confessed that they believed the demands they
were enjoined to insist on were such as his majesty
could not consent unto; and that the present condi-
tion of his affairs was not so well understood by
then1, or by those that sent them, before their conl-
ing out of Ireland, as it now ,vas; ",
hich if it had
been, they were confident they should have had
such instructions as would have better cOlllplied
with their o\\"n desires and his n1ajesty
s occasions:
and therefore frankly offered to return, and use
their utmost endeavours to incline the confederate
council, \vhose deputies they were, and \vho then
exercised the supren1P p(nver over the confederate
catholics of Ireland, to n10re moderation, and to re-
turn to their full submission and obedience to his
n1ajesty, upon such conditions as his goodness \\/ould
consent unto for their security.
Hereupon the king sent his C0l111nand to the 111ar- '
IH' C{'!,S/L-
quis of Ormond, w horn he had now made lord lieu- :

::e

I1-
tenant of that kingdolu, to renew and continue their
c3

QQ

.1\, SHOR"r VIE'V

cessation for another year; and likewise a conlmis-
sion under the great seal of England, to 111ake a full
peace ,vith his catholic subjects, upon such condi-
tions as he found agreeable to the public good and
welfare, and as lnight produce such a peace and
union in that kingdom, that it nlight assist his ma-
jesty for the vindication of his royal power, and
suppressing the rebels in England and Scotland:
and so his luajesty dismissed the catholic commis-
sioners with delnonstration of much grace and con-
fidence in then1; and with this good counsel, which
he most pathetically poured out to them at their
His ma- departure, that they should remember, "that the
jesty's good · h .. d h I ..
advice to "preservatIon of t ell' natIon, an t e re Iglon
the catho-" h . h h
d d I c. .
lie cOillmis- W IC t ey prolesse , an were so zea ous lor In
sioners. " Ireland, depended upon the preservation of his
"just rights and authority in England. That they
" saw his subjects in Scotland (contrary to all their
" obligations) had invaded England, and joined with
" the rebels against hiln, who without that assist-
" ance \vould have been speedily reduced to their
" obedience: and therefore, if his catholic subjects
" of Ireland 111ade haste, upon such conditions as he
"lnight then grant, without prejudice to himself,
" and which should be amply sufficient for the se-
" curity of their fortunes, lives, and exercise of that
" religion, to assist hÏln, whereby he might be en-
" abled, by God's blessing, to suppress that rebellion,
" they might confidently believe he would never for-
" get to whose Inerits he owed his preservation and
" restoration; and that it would then be in his abso-
" lute power to vouchsafe grace unto them to com-
" plete their happiness, and which he gave them his
" royal ,vord he would then dispense in such man-

OF THE S'I'A'rE O}1' IRELAND.
3

" ner as should not leave them disappointed of any
" of their just and full expectations: but if, by in-
" sisting on such particulars as he could not in con-
"science consent to, and their conscience obliged
" them not to ask, or on such, as though he could
" himself be content to yield to, yet in that con-
"juncture of tiIne would bling so great a damage
" to hin1, that all the supplies they could give or
"send could not countervail, and might as bene-
"ficially be granted to them hereafter, when he
"might better do it; if they should delay their
" joining with hin1, and so look on till the rebels'
"po\ver prevailed against him in England and
" Scotland, and suppressed his party in those king-
" doms, it ,vould then be too late for then} to give
"him help, and they would quickly find their
" strength in Ireland but an imaginary support for
"his or their o\vn interest; and that they, who
"with Inuch difficulty had destroyed him, ,vould,
" without any considerable opposition, ruin their in-
" terest, and root out their religion and their na-
" tion frolll all the dominions which should be sub-
"jected to their exorbitant jurisdiction.". How
much of this hath proved a prophecy, their sad ex-
perience knows, anù the world cannot but take no-
tice of.
\Vhen the cOin missioners returned into Ireland,
most of them performed their promises and engage-
ments to the king very faithfully; and by the in-
forlnations they gave to the supreme council, and
by their counsel, interest, and advice, they prevailed
so far, that the nobility, gentry, and aUlnen of con-
siderable fortunes, with such of the secular and re-
gular clergy, who ,vere most eminent for picty and
c4

24

A SH()R'r VIE'V

the practice of religious duties, were convinced of
the necessity of submitting themselves enth'ely to
the king, upon such terms, for the present, as his
majesty had graciously offered their commissioners,
and upon the confidence of other graces when he
might more seasonably vouchsafe them; and that
no tin1e should be lost in perfecting the pacification,
and in proceeding most effectually towards their as-
sisting the king in England: but the evil genius of
that people quickly banished this blessed temper,
and manifested to the world how unripe they were
for that blessing. 'I'hey who valued themselves
upon their interest and dependences, and whose
credit and reputation had corrupted multitudes to
swerve from their 11ublic duty to their king, out
of their private devotion and suhmission to tbeln,
found it now a more easy matter to pervert and
mislead popular affections, than to reduce then1;
and that they could no more allay the spirits they
had conjured up, than they could comI11and the seas

rhc treaty or the wind. The nobility, and Inen of kno\vn for-
meffectual. . .
tunes, had lost theIr power; and the 1110st factIouS,
ignorant, and violent part of the clergy had such an
influence upon the common people, that they only
obeyed their dictates, and \vith them only opposed
all those conclusions, which, according to \visdo111
and true policy, were to be the ingredie
ts of a
happy and lasting peace: and so above two years
were 8pent, after the commissioners departed frolu
the king, in fruitless and ineffectual treaties, whilst
the strength and power of the rebels in England
T.he ru
n of exceedingly increased, and his majesty's forces were
Ius majesty .
and his defeated; and hImself, for want of the succour he
kingdoms. d d h . h h . d f I
expecte ,an w IC e was pronnse out 0 re-

OF 'l"HE S'rA'fE OF IREL.t\
D.
.5

land, was compelled to deliver hilnself up to his Scot-
tish subjects, and was shortly after by thell1 delivered
to the rebels of England, by whom he ,,'as in the
end, ,,?ith all those circumstances of horror and bar-
barity, n1urdered in the sight of the sun.
After all these unhappy and pernicious delays, the An asselU-
. . bly of the
general asselnbly of the confederate catholIcs, whIch confederate
· d f II h f h f 11 h b . catholics in
consIste 0 ate peers 0 t at party, 0 ate 1- the year
shops, and of the gentlemen and burgesses of corpo- 1645.
ration to\vns, (which was as lively a representation
of the whole nation as they could make,) towards
the end of the year 1645, appointed and authorized Appoi
t
. cummls-
a select number of that body of persons of enlInent sioncls for
quality and the nlost eminent abilities, and such as :r;

;.
throughout all the troubles had been employed and
intrusted by then1 in places and offices of the highest
trust and concernlnent, to treat and conclude with
the marquis of Ormond, his ll1ajesty's lieutenant of
that kingdom, a firn1 and full peace; \vhereupon all
the particulars ,,
hich Inight concern the interest and
the security of either party being luaturely weighed
and considered, aud then every article being first
read, debated, and approved in the general asselnbly,
without one dissenting voice, the whole was con-
cluded, and the confederate catholics obliged to
transport within a very short tin1e an arlny of ten
thousand men into England, for the service and re-
lief of the king: and, all things thus stated and set-
tled, the comu1issioners ".ho had treated the peace
were sent, by and in the name of the assemhly, to
Dublin, where the lord lieutenant resided, to sign
the said articles, and to receive his lordship's confir-
n1ation of them: and accordingly the articles were .
t} · th 1 .. f h 1646 ' ArhclC'5
lere, In e JcglnnJng 0 t e year , lnter- f;igucd.

Q6

A SHOI-t1.' VIEW

changeably signed and perfected, with all thp for-
Inalities requisite; and shortly after were, with all
solemnity and ceremony, published and proclaimed
by the king at arms at DJIblin and at Kilkenny,
where the supreme council and the assembly of all
the confederate catholics were held, and then printed
by their autholity; the archbishop of Firnlo, then
the pope's nuncio, with the catholics in Ireland, ma-
nifesting his approbation of all that had been done,
by giving his blessing to the commissioners when
they were sent to Dublin to conclude the treaty;
and other ministers from foreign princes being pre-
sent, consenting to, and witnessing the conclusion:
so that the marquis, having performed all on his part
that could be expected frOlTI him, or was in his power
to do, and having received from the other party all
the assurance he could require, there being no other
way of engaging the public faith of the nation, than
that to which they had so formally engaged them-
selves to hinl; intended nothing but how his majesty
might speedily receive some fruit of that peace and
accommodation, by sending some assistance to him;
and to that purpose, with the advice, and upon the
T
e
a
- invitation of several persons who had great authority
qUlS mVlted .
to Kil- and power amongst the confederate catholics, he took
kenny. a journey himself to Kilkenny, where he was receiv-
ed with that respect and reverence which was due
to his person, and to the place he held, and with
such expressions of triumph and joy, as gave him
cause to believe the people were glad again to be re-
ceived into his majesty's protection. But this sun-
shine of hope and union quickly vanished, and ,the
old clouds of jeaJousy and sedition began again to
cover the land. 'l'he pope's nuncio, and the titular

OF 'rHE S'TA TE OF IRELAND.
7

bishops who depended on him, envied that nation
the happiness and glory they foresaw it would be
possessed of by the execution of that agreement;
and so, without any colour of authority, either by
the old established laws of that kingdom, or those
new rules which they had prescribed to themselves
since the rebellion, they convened a congregation of
the clergy at \Va terford, (a town most at their de- Conse-
votion,) "There this titular bishop of Ferns was in

:

::t
f
the chair and P resided: and therefore it will not be obstructe

, by tbe Insh
amiss to take a short view of their proceedings, that clergy.
the unhappy, oppressed, miserable people of Ireland
lllay clearly discern to who111 they owe those pres-
sures and calamities they are now overwhelmed
with; and whether that bishop is to be reckoned in
the number of those who suffer at present for their
zeal to religion, their allegiance to the king, and af-
fection to their country; or whether his name is to
be enrolled in the catalogue which must derive to
posterity the authors and fomenters of so odious and
causeless a rebellion, in which such a sea of blood
hath been let out, and the betrayers of the honour
and faith of the country and nation, and who are no
less guilty of the extirpation of religion in that ca-
tholic kingdom, than Ireton or Crom,vell, or that
impious power under which they have perpetrated
all their acts of blood, cruelty, and desolation.
This congregation of the clergy were no sooner Procerd-
bI d h ( - t d f . b ' f h . illgsoftheir
assem e , t an Ins ea 0 prescrl Ing acts 0 uml- assembly at
liation and repentance to the people, for the ills they Waterford.
had formerly done, and of inflaming their hearts with
new zeal, and infusing a pious courage into them, to
relieve and succour the king from those rebels that
opposed him, according to their particular obligation

Q8

A SfIORT VIE'V

by their late agreement, \vhich had been the pro-
per office of prelates and a Christian clergy) they
began to inveigh against the peace, ,vhich then1-
selves had so lately approved, and so formally con-
sented to, as if it had not carefully enough pro-
vided for the advancement of religion; would not
suffer it to be proclaimed at '" aterford; and sent
their emissaries and their orders to all the consider-
able towns and cities, to incense the people against
it, and against those ,vho wished it should take effect:
insomuch that, when the king at arms was proclaÏ1n-
ing the peace at Limerick, with that solemnity and ce-
remonyas in such cases is used throughout the world,
,yith his coat of arms, the ensign of his office upon
hi In, and accolnpanied \vith the n1ayor a and alder-
BIen, and the nlost substantial of the citizens in their
robes, and \vith all the ensigns of Inagistracy and au-
'VI
ich oc- thority, one l\laleife b, a seditious friar, stirred up the
caslOned . .
popular tu- nlultItude agaInst thein, which being led on by one
mults, par- F . . L' d
ticular1y in annIng, a person notorIoUs lor lllany outrages an
Liru
rick. acts of blood and inhunlanity in the beginning of the
rebellion, violelltlJ: assaulted then1; aud, after luany
opprobrious speeches, in conten}pt of the peace and
the authority of the king, and tearing off the coat
fron1 the herald, beat and wounded him and many
of the magistrates of the city, and some of then} al-
most to death. And, lest all this lllight be excused,
and charitably interpreted to be the effect of a po-
\\th
re t the pular and tumultuous insurrection, the la\vfulinayor,
magis rates
are dis- and the other principal officers who assisted hinI in
placed. . .
the discharge of his duty, were inlmed1ately dlS-

,1 III the margin is writtcn, Bourke the llm)"or.
b In the AI S. \V oife.

OF
rHE STATE OF Il{El
AND. 29

placed, and Fanning, the infanlous conductor of that
rabble, nlade nlayor in his place; who, by letters
from the nuncio, was thanked for what he had done,
encouraged to proceed in the same "Tay, and had
the apostolical benediction bestowed on him for
committing such an outrage on the privileged per-
son of an herald, who, in the name of the king, came
to proclaim the peace, as by the law of nations must
have been adjudged barbarous and unpardonable, in
any part of the \vorld where civility is planted, if he
had come to have denounced \var: and yet all this
while the design itself was carried on ,vith so great
secrecy, that the lord lieutenant (proceeding in his
progress for the settling and conlposing the humours
of the people, which he understood to have been in
some disorder by the infusions of the ill affected
clergy) never heard of any force of arms to second
and support these lllutinous disorders, till, being
near the city of Cashel, he ,vas advertised, by a let-
ter from the mayor, that Owen O'Neal's army \VaS These dis,-
marching that way, and had sent terrible threats to
:
;

;-
that cit y , if it P reslnned to receive the lord lieute- an d arm y
nn í'r
nant: and shortly after he found that O\ven O'Neal Owen
. . .' O'Ne
.
used all possIble expedItIon to get between hin] and 'Vho en-
Du blin, that so he mhrht have been able to have dea\"O.urs t t , o

surprise )e
surprised and destroyed hinl. \Vhereupon the mar- marquis.
quis found it necessary to lose no tinle in returning
thither; yet resolved not only to contain himself
froln any act of hostility, but even from those tres-
passes which are hardly avoided upon marches; and
so paid punctually for \vhatsoe\'"er was taken from
the in habitants throughout all the catholic quarters,
presuming that those persons of honour, 'v ho had
transacted the treaty, would have been able to have

30

A SHORT VIE'V

caused that peace to be observed in despite of these
clamorous undertakers.
' t r I he assem- When the unchristian con g re g ation at Waterford
) y at W R-
terford de- had made this essay of their power and jurisdiction,
dares the .
peace void. they made all possIble haste to propagate their au-
thority, and declared the peace to be void, and in-
hibited all persons to submit thereto, or to pay any
taxes, impositions, or contributions, which had been
settled by the said agreenlent; and without ,vhich
neither a standing arl11Y (which was to be applied
to the reduction of those towns and provinces which
had put themselves under the protection of the re-
bels of England, and neither submitted to the for-
mer cessation, nor would be cOll1prehended in the
peace) could be supported, nor the ten thousand
men could be raised to be transported into England
for the succour of the king, as had been so reli-
giously undertaken. \Vhich injunction of theirs
the people too readily obeyed and submitted unto.
The nuncio Then they conlmitted and delegated the entire and
assumes the . .
supreme absolute power of governIng and com 111 an dIng, as
power. ,veIl in secular as ecclesiastical matters, to the pope's
nuncio, ,vho began his empire with committing to
prison the COIDl11issioners \vho had been instru-
Inental in the treaty, and Inaking of the peace by
. order of the general assenlbly, and issued out an ex-
cOlllmunication against all those \vho had or should
His exercise subn1it to the peace, which comprehended all the
of it. nobility, and aln10st all the gentry of the nation,
and very many of the IUOst learned and pious clergy,
as well regular as secular: which excomlllunication
,vrought so universally upon the 111inds of the
people, that alheit Inany persons of honour and qua-
Iity received infinite scandal, anù '''''en foresa\v the

OF THE STATE OF IRELAND. 31

irreparable damage their religion itself would un-
dergo by that unwarrantable proceeding, and used
their utmost endeavours to draw the people to obe-
dience and submission to the said agreement; and
to that purpose prevailed so far with general Pres-
ton, that he gave them reason to hope, that he
would join with them for the vindication of the
public faith and honour of the nation, and compel
those that opposed it to SUbUlit to the peace: yet
all these endeavours produced no effect, but con-
cluded in unprofitable resentments and lamenta-
tions.
In the mean time, Owen O'Neal (when he found Owen
himself disappointed of his design to cut off the
'::

I
en-
lord lieutenant before he should reach Dublin) en-
:

tered into the queen's county with all his army, and
committed all the acts of cruelty and outrage that
can be imagined; took many castles and forts that
belonged to the king, and put all who resisted to
the sword; and his officers, in cold blood, caused
others to be lllurdered, to WhOlD they had promised
quarter, as major Piggott, and others of his family;
and shortly after the nuncio prevailed so much, that
he united general Preston to his army, and likewise
to his purpose, and then himself, as generalissilno,
led both armies towards Dublin; where the lord
lieutenant ,vas so surprised by their perfidiousness,
that he found himself in no less straits and distresses
froln his friends within, than from his eneIl1ies with-
out, who totally neglected those forces, which, being
under the oLt:'dience of the English rebels, had al-
ways \vaged a sharp and bloody war with theIn,
and at present n1ade inroads into their quarters, to
their great dalnage, and entirely engaged theu1-

3Q

'A SHORT VIE"r

selves totally to suppress the king's authorit}T, to
which they had so lately subnlitted.
Lest so prodigious an alteration as is here set
forth may seelll to be "Trapped up in too short a
discourse, and it ITIay appear almost incredible, that
an agreernent so deliberately and solelnnlyentered
into by the whole nobility and gentrJT of a nation,
in a Inatter that so entirely concerned their own in-
terest, should in such an instant be blasted and an-
nihilated by a congregation of the clergy, assen1bled
only by their own authority, and therefore without
the vice of curiosity, all men may desire to be in-
forrned by what degrees and methods that congre-
gation proceeded, and what specious pretences and
insinuations they used to,vards the people for the
better persuading them to depart froB1 that peace
and tranquillity they were again restored to the
possession of; it will be the less impertinent to set
down some important particulars of their proceed-
ings, and the very forms of some instruments pub-
lished by them, that the world Illay see the logic and
rhetoric that was used to impose upon and delude
that unhappy undiscerning people, and to entangle
them in that labyrinth of confusion, in ,yhich they
are still involved.
Stran
e de- They ,vere not content not to suffer the peace to
cree of the 1. I . d . '. ' T L' d d d . d h
Irish clergy_ ue proc allTIe In t aterlor , an to Issua e t e
people from subn1itting to it; but by a decree, dated
the 12th of August, 1646, \v hich they comlnanded
to be puhlished in all places in the English and
I rish tongue, they declared, by the unanimous con-
sent and votes of all, none contradicting, (as they
said,) that all and singular the confederate catholics,
\vho should adhere or consent to that peace or to

()F 'rHE ST ATE OF IREI

t\ND. 83

the fautors thereof, or otherwise en1brace the san1e,
should be held absolutely peJjured; especially for this
cause, that in those articles there is no mention made
of the catholic religion, or the security thereof, nor
any care taken for the conservation of the privileges
of the country, as had been prol11ised in an oath for-
merly taken by them, but rather all things ,vere re-
ferred to the pleasure of the most renowned king,
from ,,-horn, in his present state, they said, nothing
of certainty could be had; and in the interÏ1n, the
arn1ies, arms, and forts, and even the supreme coun-
,
cil of the confederate catholics, are subjected to the
authority and rule of the council of state and pro-
testant officers of his majesty, fron1 ,vhom that they
Inight be made secure, they had taken that oath;
and the next day, being informed that the lord vis-
count l\lountgarrett, and the lord viscount l\:Ius-
kerry, were appointed by the supreme council at
Kilkenny to go to Dublin to confer with the lord
lieutenant upon the best way to be pursued for the
execution and observation of the peace, they ll1ade
an order in writing, in which ,vere these words.
" 'Ve insisting on, and }Jrosecuting the decree
"lnade yesterday, whereby all confederates, en1-
" bracing and adhering to the former peace, are de-
" clared perjurers: By these presents, we admonish
" in our Lord, and require the persons who are de-
"puted for Dublin, that they forbear and abstain
" from going thither for the said end; or if they be
" gone, that they return; and this under pain of
" excommunication; commanding the right honour-
" able the bishop of Ossory, and other hi shops, as
" well assembled as not assembled here, and their
" vicars general, as also vicars apostolical, and aU
VOL. VIII. D

Strange
writing of
the titl1]ar
bishop of
Ossory.

J4

A SHORT VIE'V

" priests, even regulars, that they intin1ate these pre-
"sents, or cause theln to be intimated, even by
" affixing them in public places, and that they pro-
" ceed against the disobedient, in denouncing of ex-
" communication, as it shall prove expedient in our
" Lord."
When the supreme council (notwithstanding these
new orders and injunctions) continued still their de-
sire to observe the peace, the titular bishop of Os-
sory published this extraordinary writing. "Where-
" as we have, in public and private meetings, at seve-
"ral times declared to the supreme council, and
" others whom it may concern, that it was and is
"unlawful, against conscience, and implying per-
" jury (as it hath been defined by the special act of
" the convocation now at Waterford) to both com-
" monwealths, spiritual and tenlpol'al, to do or con-
" cur to any act tending to the approbation or coun-
"tenancing the publication of this unlawful and
" mischievous peace, so dangerous (as it is now ar-
. " ticled) to both comn10nwealths, spiritual and ten1-
" poral: and whereas, not\vithstanding our declara-
"tion (yea, the declaration of the clergy of the
" kingdom) to the contrary, the supreme council
" and the commissioners have actually proceeded to
" the publication, yea, and forcing it upon the city
" by terror and threats, rather than by any free
"consent or desire of the people: we having duly
"considered and taken it to heart, as becometh;
" ho,v enormous this fact is, and appears in catho-
" lics, even against God hhnself, and what a public
" contelnpt of the holy church it appears, besides
" the evil it is like to draw upon this poor king-
" dorn; after a filature deliberation and consent of

OF THE STATE OF IREI
AND. 35

" our clergy, in detestation of this heinous and scan-
U dalous disobedience of the supreme council, and
"others who adhered to them in matter of con-
" science to the holy church, and in hatred of so

, sinful and abominable an act, ,ve do by these pre-
" sents, according to the prescription of sacred ca-
" nons, pronounce and command, henceforth, a gene-
" ral cessation of divine offices throughout all the
" city and suburbs of Kilkenny, in all churches, mo-
" nasteries, and houses whatsoever.
"Given at our palace of Nova Curia, Aug.18,1646.
Signed, David Ossoriensis."

This extravagant proceeding did not yet terrify
those of the confederate catholics, ,vho understood
how necessary the observation of the peace was for
the preservation of the nation: but as they desired The laity
the lord lieutenant to forbear all acts of hostility,

e
lO-
upon how unreasonable a provocation soever; so
they sent two persons of the supren1e council (sir
Lucas Dillon, and Dr. Fennell) to the congregation
at \Vaterford, to dispose them to a better temper,
and to find out some expedient which might con1-
pose the minds of the people, and prevent those ca-
lamities that ,vould unavoidably fall upon the na":'
tion, upon their declining or renouncing the peace:
but after they had attended several days, and of-
fered many reasons and considerations to them, the
congregation put a period to all the hopes and con- But disap-
It t . f h b " d f Pointed by
su a Ions 0 t at nature, Y IssuIng out a ecree 0
excommunication, which they caused to be printed
in this form, and these words, with the Inai'ginal
notes; by JO/ln Baptist Ran'llcini, archbishop and
D2

36

A 8HORT VIE\V

pri.matr W Fermo, all(l by the ecclesiastical con-
gregation of botlt clergies of tIle kingdom of I re-
i.an(/.

The assem- A decree qf exco'lJl1Jlllnication against such as all-
bl}"s de-
cree of ex- he1-e to the late peace, and llo bear arnlS for the
communi- 1 . r).-r T 1 d d d . d . It
i:ation. Ileretlcs q, ..Lre{;an , an 0 al or asslst t em.
" Not without cause (saith the Oracle of Truth)
" doth the minister of God carry the sword, for he
" is to punish him that doth evil, and remunerate
" hhn that doth good: hence it is, that we have, by
" our former decree, declared to the world our sense
" and just indignation against the late peace, con-
" eluded and published at Dublin; not only in its
" nature bringing prejudice and destruction of reli-
" gion and kingdolll, but also contrary to the oath
" of association, and withal against the contrivers of,
" and adherers to, the said peace; in pursuance of
" which decrees, being forced to un sheath the spi-
" ritual sword, we (to WhOlll God hath given pOlV"er
" to bind and loose on earth) assen1bled together in
Matth. xvi. " the Holy Ghost, tracing herein, and imitating the

:h
9
x. 23." examples of many venerable and holy prelates,
" who have gone before US; and taking for our au-
" thority the sacred canons of holy church, grounded
" on holy writ, ut tollantu1- e 'llzedio nostrum qui hoc
" opus faclunt, in nomine D01Jlini nost1-i Jesu; de-
I Cor. v. 4, " liver over such persons to Satan, (that is to say,)
6. "excon1municate, execrate, and anathematize all
" such, as after the publication of this our decree
" and
otice, either privately or publicly given them
" thereof, shall defend, adhere to, or approve of the
"justice of the said peace; and chiefly those \vhö

OF THE S'rA'rE OF IRELAND. 37

" bear arlns, or make, or join in war, for, or in he-
" half of the puritans or other heretics at Dublin,
" Cork, Y oughall, or of other places in this king-
" dom; or shall, e
ther by themselves, or by their
" appointment, bring, send, or give any aid, succour,
" or relief, victuals, ammunition, or other provision
" to theln; or by ad vice, or otherways, advance the
" said peace, or the war made against us; those and
" every of them, by this present decree, we do de-
" clare and pronounce excommunicated ipso facto,
" ut non circu1uvenia111ini a Satana, nOl1
eni1u il]"-
" nora111US cogitatiolles ejuse Dated at Kilkenny
"in our palace of residence 15 October, 1646.
" Signed Johannes BajJtista arCllie}Jiscopus Fer-
" 1Jlall1ts, Jlunclus ajJostoiicus de 1Jlan(lato illustris- .
" stJnt DOlllint nuncii et con&"regationis eccleslfls-
" tlcæ utriusque cieri regni Hiberniæ, NicJlola
'
" Fe1'nensis congregationis cancellartus."

And having thus fortified himself, the nuncio, as The nUIl-
I . · d 11 . . cio marches
genera Isslmo, rna e a preparatIons to Inarch WIth two armies
two armies towards Dublin, which consisting of to Dublin.
near sixteen thousand foot, and as lTI3ny hundred
horse, he believed, or seeillcd tu believe, \vould take
the to\vn by assault, as soon as he should appear be-
fore it; and in this confidence, (that we may not in-
terrupt the series of this discourse, hy any interven-
ing actions,) "rhen the arn1ies were within a day's
march of the city, the two generals sent this letter,
with the propositions annexed, to the lord lieu-
tenant.
" lJIay it jJle(u;e your excellellcy,
" By the conuuand of the confederate cathulics of
"this kingdom, who offer the enclosed propusI-
D3

58

A SHORT VIEW

" tions, we have under our leading two armies; our
" thoughts are bent to our religion, king, and coun-
" try; our ends to establish the first, and to make
" the two last secure and happy; it is the greatest
" of our care and desire to persuade your excellency
" to the effecting so blessed a work: ,ve do not de-
" sire effusion of blood, and to that purpose the eo-
" closed propositions are sent from us. We pray
" God, your consideration of them may prove fruit-
"fut. vVe are commanded to pray your excellency
" to render an answer to theln by two of the clock
" in the afternoon on Thursday next: be it war or
" peace, we shall endeavour in our ways to exercise
" faith and honour; and upon this thought, ,ve rest
" your excellency's most humble servants,
"JOHN PRES1"ON.
" O\VEN O'NEAL."

From the camp,

.J.Harclt 1646.

Haugl
tr I. That the exercise of the Romish religion be in
proposItions . ..
to the lord DublIn, Drogheda, and In all the kIngdom of Ire-
lieutenant. I d Ii d bI ' .. . P · ·
an , as ree an pu IC as It IS now In aris In
France, or Bruxelles in the Low Countries.
II. That the council of state, called ordinarily the
council-table, be of members true and faithful to his
n1ajesty, and such of which there may be no fear or
suspicion of going to the parliament party.
III. That Dublin, Drogheda, TrYIn, Newry, Ca-
therlagh, Carlingford, and all garrisons within the
protestant quarters, be garrisoned by confederate ca-
tholics, to maintain and keep the said city and places
for the use of our sovereign lord king Charles, and
his lawful successors, for the defence of this king-
dom of Ireland.
IV. That the present council of the confederates

OJ:.' THE S1.'A 1.
E OF IRELAND. 59

shall swear truly and faithfully to keep and main-
tain for the use of his majesty and his lawful suc-
cessors, and for the defence of the said kingdom of
Ireland, the above city of Dublin, Drogheda, and all
other forts, places, and castles as above.
V. That the council and all general officers and
soldiers whatsoever, do swear and protest to fight by
sea and land against the parliamentaries and all the
king's enemies; and that they will never come to
any convention or article with the said parliamen-
taries, or any the king's enemies, to the prejudice
of his Inajesty's rights, or of this kingdom of Ire-
land.
VI. That, according to our oath of association, ,\\Te
will, to the best of our power and cunning, defend
the fundaluental laws of this kingdom, the king's
l'ightt the lives and fortunes of his subjects. His
excelleuce is p'J'ayed to 1nake aJl
'wer to the above
IJropositiolls at furthest hy two if the clock i Ii the
lifte1'JiOOll, ujJon Tlzursllay next.
JOI-IN PRESTON.
O\VEN O'NEAL.

Let all dispassionate nlen now consider what could The diffi-
h · d h . · I d culties th

t e ßlarquls 0; IS quarters were so stralg It an marquis Jay
narrow, that they could yield no support to the few under.
field forces he had yet left, all his garrisons besieged
without an enemy, being destitute of all provisions
within, and blocked up at sea by the rebels' ships,
which kept all lllanner of trade and supplies fruIn
them that way. All the army he had for the field
and garrisons amounted not to five thousand foot
and eleven hundred horse, without clothes, money,
or fixed arlTIS, and with so inconsiderable a store of
D4

40

A SHORT VIE\V

ammunition, that when the nuncio was upon his
march, with both the Irish generals, and their
united powers, towards Dublin, he had not in that
most important city, the Inetropolis of the kingdom,
lTIOre than fourteen barrels of powder; not only the
inhabitants, but the soldiers themselves grew impa-
tient of the distresses they were in, and which in-
evitably they saw nlust fall on them; and they who
had before presunled in corners and whispers to tax
the marquis, of not being zealous enough for the
English interest, and too credulous of ,vhat ,vas
promised and undertaken by the Irish, had the bold-
ness to lllurmur aloud at him, as if he had cOlnbined
with the Irish to put all into their hands. They
who from the beginning of the troubles had been
firm and unshaken in their duty and loyalty to the
king, and cheerfully suffered great losses, and had
undergone great hazards for being so, and had been
of the most constant affection to, and confidence in,
the marquis, and resolved to obey hiIn in whatso-
ever he should ordain for the king's service, for the
conducting whereof he was solely and entirely
trusted by his majesty, could not yet endure to
think of being put into, or falling under the po,ver
of the Irish, who, by this new breach of faith, had
made themselves utterly incapable of any future
trust: for what security could they possibly give
upon any future treaty for the performance of any
contract, which they had not lately given, for the
observation_ of that which so infamously they had
receded fronl? So that as there ,vanted not
some within the city, and of the soldiers, who un-
dertook to surprise the castle, and seize upon the
person of the lord lieutenant; and to deliver both

OF THE S'rA'rE OF IRELAND. 41

to the English rebels; and had so near executed
that design, that they had in the morning sur-
prised the guard, and were possessed of the prin-
cipal port in the castle: so the rest did so much
prefer the subjection to the English rebels, (\vho
then pretended a resolution to return to their obe-
dience to the king, and were upon treaties to that
end,) before their submitting to the Irish, that the
marquis had not power enough to proceed upon
that conspiracy with the severity that was neces-
sary, lest too many might be found to be' invol ved
in that guilt, and some of too much interest and
credit to be brought to justice; hereupon he found
it absolutely necessary to make show of inclining to
the English, and sent to the ships then riding in the
bay of Dublin, that they would transport some com-
missioners fron1 him to the parliament to treat
about the surrender of the city, and the other gar-
risons under his comnland; which proposition was
most greedily embraced by them, and the persons The lord
d d d . I d E I d B h - lieutenant
epute accor lng y conveye to ng an. y t IS obliged to
lneans the nlar q uis was forth,vith SU I ) I Jlied with a tr , eat WI I -!h
t Ie par 11\..
considerable portion of powder, which the captains mellt.
of those ships delivered to him, and without which
he could have made no defence against the nuncio;
and hereby the Irish had a fair ,yarning to bethink
thenlselves in time of returning to their duty; since
they nlight discern, that, if they would not suffer
Dublin to continue in the king's obedience, it should
be delivered to them, who would deal less graciously
with them, and had power enough to punish those
indignities which had been offered; and the nlar-
quis was still without other engagclne.nts, than .to

42

A SHon T VIEW

do wh
t he should judge most conducing to his nla-
jesty's service.
'Vhich This last consideration made such ilnpression
more in-
clines the upon theIn, that when they saw the ships return
Irish to
peace. from England with supplies of soldiers, n10ney, anù
great store of provision, and cOIn missioners to treat
with the luarquis for putting all into their hands,
the Irish seemed less united among themselves, and
more desirous to n1ake conditions with the lord lieu-
tenaDt: and general Preston with his officers frankly
entered into a treaty ,vith the Inarquis of Clan-
J'Íckard, wholn the lord lieutenant authorized to
that end; and with deep and soleinn oaths under-
took and proinised to stand to the peace, and from
that tin1e forward to be obedient to his Inajesty's
authority, and to join with the marquis of Ormond
against all those who should refuse to sublnit to
But height- thel11. On the other side, the comlnissioners fronl
ens the par-
liame
t the t\VO houses of parliament, who were adlnitted

:;

- into Dublin to treat with the lord lieutenant, ob-
serving the very ill condition the to\vn was in, be-
sieged by t,vo strong armies, by whon1 they ,vithin
every hour expected to be assaulted, concluded, that
the want of food, and all necessaries for defence,
\vould compel the marquis, with the importuning
and ciainour of the inhabitants and soldiers, to re-
ceive supply of men, money, and victuals (which
they had brought) on any terms; and therefore in-
sisted on very unreasonable and extravagant de-
mands, and refused to consent that the marquis
should send any n1essenger to the king, to the end
that, upon information ho\v the cause stood, he
might receiye his luajesty's directions what to do,

OF THE S'rATE Of' IREL...\.ND. 43

and without which he was always resolved not to
proceed to any conjunction with theln; and so had
privately despatched several expresses to the king,
(as soon as he discerned clearly that the Irish were
so terrified by the nuncio and his excommunication,
that there ,vas little hope of good from them,) with
a fu II inforlnation of the state of affairs, and ex-
pected every day the return of some of the said
messengers, with the signification of his majesty's
pleasure. All things being in this posture, the com-
missioners from the two houses returned again to
their ships, and caITied back all the supplies they
bad brought to the parliament garrisons in the pro-
vince of Ulster, being so much the more incensed
against the lord lieutenant for declining an entire
union with them, and inclining (as they said he did)
to a new confidence in the Irish.
The marquis of Clanrickard had an entire trust
from the lord Jieutenant, as a person superior to all
temptations, which might endeavour to lessen or di-
vert his affection and integrity to the king; and his
zeal to the Roman catholic religion, in which he
had been bred, and to which he had most con-
stantly adhered, was as unquestionable. He had
taken very great pains to render that peace, which
had been so long in consultation, effectual to the
nation; and had very frankly, both by discourse
and ,vriting, endeavoured to dissuade the nuncio
fron1 I)rosecuting those rough \\rays, which he fore-
saw were like to undo the nation, and dishonour
the catholic religion. He found general Preston
and the officers of his army less transported \\?jtb
passion and a blind submission to the authority of
the nuncio, than the other; and that they professed

4 1 :t

A SI-IOIt'r VIE'V

great duty and obedience to the king, and that they
seemed to have been wrought upon by two conclu.
Jealousies sions, ,vhich had been infused into them: the one
of the Irish.
was, that the lord lieutenant ,vas so great an enemy
to their religion, that, though they should' obtain
any concessions froln the king, (to their advantage
in that particular,) he would oppose and not consent
unto the same: the other was, that the king was
no,v in the hands of the Scots, '" ho were Lot like
to approve of the peace which had been made, (all
that nation in Ulster refusing to submit unto it;)
and that, if they should be able to procure any order
from his majesty to disavow it, the lord lieutenant
Removed ,vould undoubtedly obey any such order. These
by the mar- · · fi . h · f CI - k d
quis of SpeCIOUS In USIons t e marquIs 0 anrIc ar en-
Clanrick- d d d d k h - h
ard. ea voure to remove, an un ertoo , upon IS 0-
nour, to use all the power and interest he had
\vith the king, queen, and prince, on the behalf of
the Roman catholics, and to procure them such li-
berties and privileges, for the free exercise of their
religion, as they could reasonably expect; and un-
dertook that the lord lieutenant ,vould acquiesce
,vith such directions as he should receive therein,
without contradiction, or endeavours to do ill offices
to the catholics. He further promised, that if any
orders should be procured froll1 the king, during the
restraint he was then under, to the disadvantage of
the confederate catholics, he would suspend any
obedience thereunto, until such time as his majesty
should be at liberty, and might receive full informa-
tion on their behalf. And upon the marquis of
Clanrickard's positive undertaking those particulars,
and the lord lieutenant having ratified and con-
firn1ed all that the ß1arquis had engaged hin1self for,

OF THE STATE OF IHEI,AND. 45

general Preston, together \vith all the principal offi-
cers under his cOlnmand, signed this ensuing en-
gagement.
" 'Ve the general, nobility, and officers of the The Irish
. . general
" confederate catholic forces, do solemnly bInd and Preston ßnd
d . f his officers
"engage ourselves, by honour an reputatIon 0 enter into
"gentlemen and soldiers, and by the sacred pro-

c:
.gage-
" testation upon the faith of catholics in the pre-
" sence of Ahnighty God, both for ourselves, and (as
" much as in us lies) for all persons that are or shall
"be under our command, that \ve win, from the
" date hereof, forward, subluit, and conform ourselves
" entirely and sincerely to the peace concluded and
" proclaimed by his l11ajesty's lieutenant, with such
" additional concessions and securities, as the right
"honourable Ulick L (to be removed) marquis of
" Clanrickard, hath undertaken to procure and se-
" cure to us, in such nlanner, and upon such ternlS
" as is expressed in his lordship's undertaking and
" protestation of the same date, hereunto annexed,
"and signed by himself: and we, upon his lord-
" ship's undertaking, engage ourselves, by the bond
" of honour and conscience abovesaid, to yield en-
" tire obedience to his n1ajesty, and to his lieute-
" nant general, and general governor of this king-
" dol11, and to any deriving authority fronl them by .
"commission, to comnland us in our several de-
" grees; and, according to such orders as we shall
" receive from them, faithfully to serve his majesty
" against all his enemies or rebels, as well \vithin
" this kingdom, as in any other part of his domini-
"ons, and against all persons that shall not join
" with us upon these terms, in Sl1 bn1ission to the
" peace of this kingdolll, and to his majesty's au-

4(;

A SHORT \t IE'V

"thority. And we do further engage ourselves, un-
" der the said solemn bonds, that we will never,
" directly nor indirectly, make use of any advantage
" or po\ver, wherewith we shall be intrusted, to the
" obliging of his majesty or his ministers, by any
" kind of force, to grant unto us any thing beyond
"the said Inarquis of Clanrickard's undertaking,
" but shall wholly rely upon his majesty's own free
" goodness, for what further graces and favours he
" shall graciously please to confer upon his faithful
" catholic subjects, according to their obedience and
" merit in his service. And we do further protest,
"that we shall never think ourselves disobliged
"from this engagement, by any authority or power
" whatsoever, provided, on both parties, that this
" engagement and undertaking be not understood,
" or extend to debar and hinder his majesty's ca-
" tholic subjects of this kingdom from the benefit of
" any further grace or favour, which his majesty
"may be graciously pleased to concede to the.n
" upon the queen's mediation, or any other treaty
" abroad." .
This was done about the end of November,
1646; the nuncio, \vith the other army under Owen
O'Neal, having been about the saIne tÏ1ne compelled
to raise the siege, and to retire for want of provi-
The mar- sion: whereupon the marquis of Clanrickard was

kard made (by the lord lieutenant) lieutenant general of
:

f

e- the army, and was accordingly received as such by
army. general Preston, his army being drawn in battalia;
and general Preston received, at the same time, a
comlnission from the lord lieutenant to command as
sergeant major general, and immediately under the
lllarquis of Clanrickard: and shortly after, general

OF THE STATE OF IRELAND. 47

,

Preston desired the lord lieutenant to march, with
as strong a body as he could draw out of his garri-
sons, towards Kilkenny, where he promised to meet
him with his army; that so, being united, they
Inight compel the rest to submit to the peace.
\Vhen the marquis was come within less than a
day's march of the place assigned by general Pres-
ton for the meeting and joining their forces to-
gether, the marquis of Clan rickard, who attended
upon the lord lieutenant, received a letter fro111
Preston to this effect.
"That his officers, not being exconlmunication Defection
.L' .e. II fj h . h . , of Preston's
" prool, were la en rom 1m to t e nunCIo s party, officers.
" and therefore he wished the lord lieutenant would
" proceed no further, but expect the issue of a gene-
"ral assembly that \voltld be shortly convened at
" Kilkenny, where, he doubted not, but things would
" be set right by the consent of the whole kingdom;
" \vhich, he said, would he much better for his ma-
" jesty's service, than to attempt the forcing a peace
" upon those who were averse to it."
Upon this new violation of faith, the marquis was
compelled, after some weeks' stay in the enemy's
quarters, to return again to Dublin; where the COU1-
missioners, who had been lately there froin the two
houses of parliament, had sowed such seeds of jea-
lousy and discontent, and the treacherous and per-
fidious carriage of the Irish had awakened them to
such terrible apprehensions, that the inhabitants re-
fused to contribute further to the payment and sup-
port of the army; and, in truth, ,vere so far ex-
hausted by what they had paid, and so impoverished
by their total want and decay of traffic and com-
lllerce, that they ,vere not able much longer to con-

48

A SHORT VIE'V

The mar- tribute: so that the marquis was forced, in the cold

:;e;o and wet winter, to draw out his half starved and
g t r
8t hard- half naked troops, only to live in the enem y 's q uar-
SlipS.
tel's; where yet he would suffer no acts of hostility
to be c0111mitted, nor any thing else to be taken but
victuals for the subsistence of his men: and in this
uneasy posture he resolved to expect the result of
the next general assembly, \vhich he supposed could
not be so constituted, but that it \vould abhor the
violation of their fornler contracts and agreenlents,
and the inexcusable presulnption and proceedings of
the congregation of the clergy at Waterford; and
that it would vindicate the honour and faith of the
nation from the reproaches it lay under, and from
the exorbitant and extravagant jurisdiction and
power which the nuncio had assumed a power to
himself to exercise over the kingdom: but he
quickly found himself again disappointed; and (to
the universal wonder of all) the new assen1bly pub-
lished a declaration of a very new nature. For,
whereas the nuncio and his council had committed
to prison those noblemen and gentlemen who had
been commissioners in treating and concluding the
peace, and had given out threats and menaces,
that they should lose their heads for their trans-
gressions, the assembly presently set them at liberty,
Strange and declared, " that the comnlissioners and council
proceellings d .e · hfì 1] d . ] · d d d d
oftbe gene-" ha la1t u y an SIncere y carrIe an emeane
rwassem- h 1 . h . d .. d
tly. "t emse yes In t e sal negoclatlon, pursuant an
" according to the trust reposed in them;" and yet,
in the very same declaration, declared, " that they
" lnight not accept of, nor submit to, the said peace;
" and did thereby protest against it, and did lieclare
" the saIne invalid, and of no force, to an intents and

OF 'rHE ST ATE OF IRELAND. 49

.

" purposes;" and did further declare, " that the na-
" tion would not accept of any peace not contain-

' ing a sufficient and satisfactory security for the
"religion, lives, estates, and liberties of the said
" confederate catholics:" and \vhat they understood
to be sufficient and satisfactory security for the re-
ligion, &c. appeared by the propositions published
before by the congregation at 'Vaterford, \vhich
they had caused the people to swear that they
\\rould insist upon; and ,vhich, instead of providing
a toleration of the Roman catholic religion, had, in
truth, provided for the extirpation of the pro-
testants, when they should think fit to put the sanlP
in execution. Nor ,vas the only argument and ex-
cuse \vhich they published for these proceedings
more reasonable than the proceedings thenlsel Yes,
which was, "that the concessions and promises
" Dlade unto thelll by the earl of Glal110rgan were
" ll1uch larger, and greater security for their reli-
" gion, than those consented to by the marquis:"
\vhereas, in truth, those concessions, and promises,
luade by the earl, \vere discovered and disavo\ved
by the lord lieutenant before the conclusion of the
peace, and the earl cO
l1mitted to prison for his pre:
sUl11ption; \vhich, though it produced SOllle inter-
ruption in the treaty, yet was the saluc after\vards
resuilled,
nd the peace concluded and proclaÍIned
upon the articles formerly Inentioned: so that the
a,llegation of \vhat had been undertaken by the earl
of Glamorgan can he no excuse for the violating the
agreclnent after\vards concluded ,vith the Inarquis.
This last \vonderful act put a pCl
iod to all hopl:S The royal
f ("ause ft'n-
o the luarquis, ,vhich his charity and cOin passion to dt'red dcs-
the kingdonl and nation, and his
iscerning spirit,l,pratt'.
YOL. VIII. E

50

A SHOR'I' VIEW

what inevitable ruin and destruction both must un-
dergo fron1 that distelnper of mind which possessed
theIn, had so long kept up even against his expe-
rience and judglnent; and they, whose natures, dis-
positions, and interests made them most averse from
the rebels of England, grew more affrighted at the
thoughts of falling under the power of the Irish: so
that all persons, of all humours and inclinations,
who lived under his government, and had dislikes
and jealousies enough towards each other, were yet
united and reconciled in their opinions against the
Rea
ons for confederates. The council of state besought the
puttmg I d I . " d h h ..
Dublin into or leutenant" to conSl er w et er It were POSSI-
the hands bI h b t · f h
h
of the Eng-" e to ave any et er securIty rom t em lor t e
lish rather " p erformance of an y other a gr eement he should
than of the
Irish. " n1ake, than he had for the perforlnance of that
"which they now receded from and disclaimed;
" and since the spring was then coming on, where-
" by the nun1ber, po,ver, and strength of their ene-
" mies \vould be increased on all sides, and their
" hopes of succours or relief for themselves was des-
" perate: and so it would be only in his election,
" into \vhose power he would put those, who had de-
" served as well froin his majesty, by doing and suf-
" fering, as subjects could do, into the hands of the
" English, who could not deny theln protection and
" justice; or of the Irish, who had not only despoiled
" them of all their fortunes, and prosecuted them
"with all anin10sity and cruelty, but declared by
" their carriage, that they ,vere not capable of se-
" curity under them: they therefore entreated him
u to send again to the two houses of parliament,
"and make some agreement with them, which
" would probably be for their preservation; whereas

OF TIlE STATE OF IREJ
AND. /)1

(C \vith the other, \vhatever could be done was evi...
" dent for their destruction."
rrhat \\rhich, among other things of importance,
made a deep impression on the nlarquis, was the
kno\vledge, that there had been, froln the beginning
of these troubles, a design in the principal contrÏ\rers
of them entirely to alienate the kingdom of Ireland
froln the crown of England; to extirpate not only
the protestants, but all the catholics who were de...
scended from the English, and \vho, in truth, are no
less odious to the old Irish than the other; and to put
themselves into the protection of some foreign prince,
if they should find it impossible to erect some one of
the old families: and how \vild and extravagant so-
ever this attempt nlight be reasonably thought, in re-
gard that not only all the catholics of the English ex-
traction, (\vho \vere in quality and fortune much su-
perior to the other,) but lllauy noble and nluch the
best and greatest fanlÍlies of the ancient Irish, per-
fectly abhorred and abominated the sanle; yet it
\vas apparent, that the violent part of the clergy
that no\v governed had really that intention, and
never intended more to submit to the king's 3utho.
}'ity, \vhosoever should be intrusted with it; and it
had been proposed in the last asselnbly, by Mr. An-
thony l\lartin and others, that they should call in
some foreign prince for their protection; and the ex-
orbitant po\ver assumed by the nuncio was earnest
enough ho,v little nlore they meant to have to do
with the king, and gave no less umbrage, offence,
and scandal to the catholics of honour and discre-
tion, than it incensed those who bore no kind of
reverence to the bishop of ROlT}e.
Upon this consideration, the marquis believed it
E2

5

A SI-IOR1." VIE"\V

nluch nlore prudent and agreeable to the trust re-
posed in hinl, to deposit the king's interest and the
rights of the crown in the hands of the lords and
commons of England, who still made great profes-
sions of duty and subjection to his majesty, and frolll
whom (how rebellious soever their present actions
were) it nlight probably revert to the crown, by
treaty or otherwise, in a short time, than to trust it
with the Irish, from wh0l11 less than a very charge-
able war would never recover it, in what state so-
ever the affairs of England should be; and how last-
ing, bloody, and costly that ,val' nlight prove, by the
intermeddling and pretences of foreign princes, was
not hard to conclude.
'''hile the marquis was in this consultation and
deliberation, he received inforluation that the king
was delivered by the Scots to the conlnlissioners of
the t\VO houses of parliament, who \vere then treat-
ing with him for the settling a peace in all his 'do-
minions; and at the same time a person of quality
arrived at Dublin, having been privately despatched
by his majesty with the signification of his Inajesty's
pleasure, upon the advertisements he had received
His ma- of the condition of Ireland, to this purpose; "that
jesty's in-
structions
'if it were possible, for the marquis to keep Dublin
to the mar- " d th th .. d h .
quis. an e 0 er garrIsons un er t e same entIre
" obedience to his 111ajesty they were then in, it
"would be most acceptable to his 111ajesty; but if
"there were, or should be, a necessity of giving
" them up to any other power, he should rather put
" thenl into the hands of the English, than of the
" Irish:" which \vas the rule the marquis was to
guide himself hy; who had likewise another very
important consideration, \vhich (if all the rest had

OF THE STATE OF IRELAND. 53

been away} had been enough to have inclined him
to that resolution.
The king was now in the hands and power of
those ,vho had raised the war against him, princi-
pally upon the credit of those reproaches and scan-
dals they had persuaded the people to believe of his
inclining to popery, and of his contriving, or at least
countenancing the rebellion in Ireland, in which so
much protestant blood had been so ,vantonly and
cruelly let out. The cessation formerly Inade and
continued \vith those rebels, though prudently, cha-
ritably, and necessarily entered into and observed,
had been the most unpopular act the king had ever
done, and had "ronderfully contributed to the repu-
tation of the two houses of parliament: if, accord-
ing to the genel:al opinion then current, there should
a peace ensue bet\veen the king and then1, as most
111en conceived (the king's forces being totally sup-
J)ressed) there must be, though by his condescend-
ing to many grants, ,vhich they ought not in duty
to have delnanded, (for few nlen suspected such pro-
digious \\rickedness to be in th
ir purposes, as was
after executed,) his majesty \vould lose nothing hy
the parJialnent's being possessed of Dublin, and those
other to\vns then in the disposal of the lord lieute-
nant: on the contrary, if they indeed intended to
pursue his. majesty \vith continued and ne\v re-
I)roaches, and therehy to ll1ake him so odious to his
subjects, that they might \vith the more facility and
applause execute their horrible conspiracy against
his life; there could be nothing so disadvantageous
to his Inajesty, as the. surrender of Duhlin to the
Irish confederates, ,vhich, being done hy the king's
lieutenant, who was known so punctually devoted
E3

54

A SHORrr VIE'V

to his obedience, would be easily interpreted to be
by his majesty's directions, and so make a confirma-
tion of all they had published of that kind; and,
among the ignorant seduced people, might have
been a countenance to (though nothing could be a
justification of) their unparalleled wickedness.
Th.e mar- Hereupon the marquis took a resolution, since he
qms pro- ld . . h . If. d I . ..
poses to de- cou not possIbly keep It Imse, to elver It Into
liver Dub- h h d f E · h d h
Iin to the t e an s 0 the nghs ; an to t at purpose sent
Eo b gI 1 ish a g ain to the two houses of P arliament at ,,, estmin-
re e s.
ster, that he would surrender Dublin and the other
garrisons under his power to them, upon the saOle
conditions they had before offered: and they quickly
despatched their ships with conlnlissioners, men, and
money, and all other provisions necessary to take
Which the same into their P ossession. The confederate ca-
alarmi the
Irish con. tholics were no sooner informed of this, but they
fedttrates.
sent again to the lord lieutenant an overture of ac-
comlnodation, (as they called it;) yet the messen-
gers intrusted by them were so wary, lest, by ac-
cepting indeed what they proposed, they might be
obliged to a conjunction, that they refused to give
their propositions in writing; and when, upon their
discourse, the lord lieutenant had written what they
had proposed, and shewed it to them, albeit they
could not deny but that it \vas the same, yet they
refused to sign it: whereby it was very natural to
conclude that the overture was nlade by them only
to lay some imputation upon the Inarquis, of not
being necessitated to agree with the two houses of
parlianlent, rather than with any purpose of submit-
ting to the Icing's authority. At last, being so far
pressed, that they found it necessary to let the mar-
quis know in plain terms what he was to trust to,

OF TH.E STATE OF IRELAND. 55

they sent him a message in writing, in which they
declared, "that they must insist upon the proposi- Their O\'
r-
. . ture to hll11.
"hons of the clergy, formerly mentIoned to be
"agreed at 'Va t erford, and to which they had
" s\vorn; and that if he would have a cessation
" with then1, he must promise not to receive any
" force from the two houses of parliament in six o.
"seven months;" not proposing any way in the
mean time, how his majesty's army should be main

tained, but by a total submission to all their unrea..
sonable denlands.
N ot\vithstanding all which, the parlianlent failing
to make that speedy perfornlance of what they had
pron1ised, and the marquis having it thereby in his
power fairly to comply ,vith the Irish, if they had
yet recovered the telnper and discretion that 11light
justify him; he sent again to theIn, as ,veIl an an-
swer to their overture of accommodation, as an offer
not to 'receive any forces from the t\VO houses for
the space of three weeks, if they would, during that
time, consent to a cessation, that a full peace Inight
be treated and agreed upon: to which motion they
never vouchsafed to return any answer. About the
Sdme tinle, Owen O'Neal, wisely discerning that the
nuncio, or the snprenle council, did not enough con-
sider or foresee the evil consequences that would na-
turally attend the lord lieutenant's being conlpelled
to leave the kingdom, and to put Dublin and the
other garrisons into the possession of the English
l'ebels, sent his nephew, Daniel O'N ea], to the l11al'- !\It>ssa
l'
· d æ d . I e f h · ld from O'1\t':1(
qUlS, an 011 ere hInI, " t 1at J t e InarquIs 'VOll to the mar-
" accept of a cessation for t\VO months, \vhich he quis.
" believed the assenlbly or supreme council would
" propo
e, (with \v hat nlind soever,) he would pro-
E4

56

A SHOR'r VIEW

"lnise and undertake to continue it for t\velvc
" months, and in that tiIne he would use his utmost
" power to procure a peace."
His charac- Owen. O'Neal was a man of a haughty and posi-

,
tive humour, and rather hard to be inclined to sub-
ll1it to reasonable conditions, than easy to deèline
them, or break his ,vord when he had consented.
Therefore the lord lieutenant presently returned in
answer, that if he would give him his word to con-
tinue the cessation for å full year, he would accept
it, \vhen proposed by the supreme council for two
Inonths
and he would in the mean time wave any
further treaty with the parlian1ent. But he sent
him \vord, he would not bind hin1self to this pro-
mise longer than for fourteen days, if he did not in
that time receive such a positive effect of his over-
He wxites ture as he expected. Owen O'N eal acceÍJted the
to the su- ,
preme conditions, and with all possible haste despatched
council for h . h D . I O ' N I h . 1
a cessation. IS nep ew, anle ea , to t e supreme counCl
at Clonmell, with a letter containing his. advice, and
another to the bishop of C]ogher, (his chief confi-
dent,) to whom he sent the reasons åt large, which
ought to induce the nation to desire su.ch a cessa-
His advice tion. But when the council received the letter, and
how re-
ceived. knew that the lord lieutenant expected an answer
within fourteen days, they resolved to return none
till the fourteen days should be expired; and in the
Inean time committed Daniel O'Neal to prison; that
he n1ight not return to his uncle; and when the
time \vas past, they released him, on condition he
should return no more into his quarters: so that in
the end, the commissioners from the t\VO houses
ha ving performed all on their parts that was to be
performed, the Inarquis delivered up Dublin and the

OF THE srrArrE OF IltELAND. 57

other g arrisons into their hands, and \vas transport- Tl
e ruar-
qUUi con-
ed \vith his family, into England; where they ad-strained to
, .' . d . h . delh'er up
lnitted hIm to walt upon the kIng, an to gIve IS Dublin,
.' f h . t . h . d &c. to the
majesty an account 0 IS transac Ions; W 0 receIve EngJish
him IUOSt g raciousl y as a servant who had highly rebels, and
, _ _ leave lre-
lnerited of him, and fully approved of all that he land.
had done.
Since then, upon the most strict and impartial
examination of those . proceedings, malice itself can-
not fix a colourable imputation upon the marquis, of
,vant of that fidelity or discretion ,vhich was requi-
site to preserve his master's interest, or of any ab-
sence of singular affection and cOlnpassion towards
a people, who have the honour to be of the same
nation ,vith hilll; they endeavoured to get it be- False 35-
lieved, by dark and obscure expressions, that in the

r

;:
articles he made before the delivery of Dublin, he
intended his own particular benefit and advantage;
and objected to hin1, that he contracted to have thir-
teen thousand pounds paid to his own use and be-
hoof, and that the same was paid by them, and re-
ceived by hilD accordingly: and so they would per-
suade the world, that a person ',vho frankly exposed
the greatest fortune and estate that any subject had
to Iosê in "either of the three kingdo111s, and who,
,vhile he was possessed of any part of it, made all
,vorthy men, in 'want, joint owners of it with hinl,
could betray a trust for a vile sum of money, and
could be so sottish as to make' that infanlous bargåin
in 'public, and insert it into. the articles which were
to he viewed and perused by all men; whereas it
Inight have been as easy to have driven that traffic
\vith such secrecy, that it could never have been dis-
covered, if he had inëant it should be secret. . And

58

A SHORT VIE'V

therefore, how impertinent soever this discourse may
appear to those who (knowing the impossibility of
the scandal) think any thing like a vindication to
give too luuch honour to it, yet it may not be alto-
gether useless to set down the whole matter, that
the 111alice and indiscretion of the calumniators may
be more evident, which \vas as follows.
Vindica- \Vhen the confederate Irish so totally violated
tion of the d d - I . d h h . h h d b - h II
marquis. an ISC alme t e peace, w IC a een WIt a
that solemnity agreed and en
ered into, and were
preparing to unite all their armies under an entire
obedience to the nuncio, that they might in an in-
stant seize upon DubJin, and the fe\v other garrisons
where the king's authority was submitted to and
preserved, the necessities and straits the lord lieute-
napt was then in, are before nlentioned and relnell1-
bered. The fortifications and works \vere in most
places too weak to keep out an enemy; no lnaga-
zines of victual to endure a siege; not anlmunition
eJ1!)ugh to resist and oppose an assault; no nloney
to retain the soldiers froin mutiny, till he might ob-
tajn relief frotn England, (which he saw he should
be compelled to desire;) there \vas no way to pre-
vent the fatal issue of those distresses, but by pro-
curing a present supply of nloney, \vhich might in
sonle degree provide for each extrelnity: and for
the co)npa
$ing hereof, the marquis brought in all
his own money, which, upon the sale or mortgaging
of several parcels of his estate, he had raised for the
support of hinlself and his family, and becalne like-
wise bound to other persons for considerable SUlns,
with aD express promise, upon his honour, that
whatever course he should be compelled to take,
and if he should be forced to deliver Dublin into the

OF 'I'HE S1."A TE OF IRELAND. 59

hands of the parliament, (which was the nlost visible
remedy aU men foresaw would, in case of necessity,
be laid hold of,) he would D1ake such conditions for
the repayn1ent of the llloney, which upon that occa-
sion should be lent, that he would not hilnself quit
the place till it was performed: and by this means
alone, and upon these terms, he procured so much
money as cOlnposed the present distemper of the
soldiers, and supplied those wants tbat could not be
borne.
This \vas so public an engagement, that no man
could be ignorant of it, insoilluch as before the first
overture for a treaty was sent to the parliament, the
privy council, after they had in vain advised the
lord lieutenant to demand all that he had disbursed
upon the public service, and \vhat he had been hin...
dered from receiving of his own rents, by those who
commanded under the parlialnent, and in their quar-
ters, (\vhich the n1arquis refused to do,) appointed
sir J allies 'V are, auditor general to his majest
y, and
one of the privy council, to examine the accounts
of those disburselnents, which had been laid out
upon the garrisons, and borrowed and disbursed
upon the conditions aforesaid; and upon his certifi-
cate, the lords of the council declared, by an instru-
lllcnt under their hands, that the sun1 amounted to
thirteen thousand eight hundred pounds, thirteen
shillings, and four pence; a duplicate of which in-
strlunent was sent to the parliament by those gen-
tlemen \\Tho were first sent to demand a treaty; and
the cOlumissioners, who came first to Dublin, frank-
ly, and 1vithout dispute, consented to pay the same:
so that if that SUU1 of money had been the consi-
deration of delivering the town, it would not hav:t

60

.1\. SHORT VIE\V

been kept so long after. "\tVhen he was the second
time necessitated to send to the parliament, and of-
fered to pnt the town into their hands upon the
conditions before consented to by them, he demand-
ed that eight hundred pounds of the said money
Inight presently be paid in England to persons in-
trusted by him, and three thousand pounds at Dub-
lin before the delivery of the town, towards the sa-
tisfaction of what had been borrowed as aforesaid;
and that bills of exchange, accepted by good and
responsible merchants, Inight be delivered to him;
all which they consented to, and promised to per-
fornl: but when the commissioners can1e to Dublin,
the bills which they brought for the said ten thou-
sand pounds were not accepted, nor dra\vn in such
manner as might Inake them valid; upon which
failing on their part, the lord lieutenant Inade those
last offers to the Irish, which are before remem-
bered: but finding no good to be done there, he
was content to take the \vords and protestations of
the cOIn missioners, that the said ten thousand pounds
should be paid as soon as he should arrive in Eng-
land; which they were again so far froln making
good, that they paid hin1 only inconsiderable sums
at several payn1ents, and had the greatest part still
in their hands when he was forced to leave the
kingdom, and \vhich he could never recover from
them, they paying it to SOine of the creditors with-
out any consent of his, and only to such as had in-
terest among theIn, and for whose sake alone they
paid the same.
If the marquis would have been so careful and
solicitous for himself, as in justice and honour he
might have been, he might well have insisted to

OF TIlE S'rA'l'E OF IRELAND. 6]

have had the t\\'"o houses of parlian1ent to have paid I
him a greater sunl of n10ney, \vhich ,vas due to hinl
by their own contract, as lieutenant general of the
arlny, to the time of the cessation, ,vhich \\rould
have alnounted to no less than
and which was paid into their hands upon that ac-
count; and he lnight like,vise have demanded a re-
compense for such money as, arising out of the re-
venue of his land ,,-hich lay in their quarters, they
had for some years hindered hiln from receiving.
and taken the same to their own use; and no ques-
tion, if he had denlanded either, or both of those
just payments, the English would easily have been
inclined to have c0111plied with hi111; and his friends
had Inuch 1110re reason to have reproached him for
not requiring the one, than his enemies have for re-
ceiving the other: but his too nice consideration of
\vhat. the malice of men nlight say, prevailed more
with him than the sober conclusion of what he lnight
in justice and honour have done, to \vave allluanner
of conditions which might be thought singly to re-
late to his own particular advantage and benefit, ho\v
reasonable and just soever.
It \vas in the time when the arn1Y had gotten
the king into their hand
, (having taken hhn fronl
Holnlby out of the custody of the comlnissioners, to
,vhom the Scots had delivered hiIn,) that the mar-
quis arrived in England, and found so many spe- Treachery
. d i'. . d 1 of the Eng-
CIOUS pretences an prolesslons pubhshe by t lat lish arm}'. -
party, \vhich then had the whole power in the arìllY,
and consequently in the kingdom, that very 111any
believed his Inajesty's affairs to be in no ill condi-
tion, and more seeming respect was paid to his per-
son, and less restraint upon the resort of his faithful

6!l

A SHOIlT VIE'V

servants to him, than had been from the time that
he put himself into the Scots' power. The arn1Y
then took upon them the government of the king-
dom, having solemnly declared, "that there could
" be no reasonable hope of a firm and lasting peace,
" if there \vere not an equal care taken to preserve
" the interest of the king, queen, and prince, as of
" the liberties of the people, and that both should
" with equal care be provided for together:" and in
this tinle of freedom and hypocritical compliance,
T
e ma.r- the marquis had all liberty of repairing to the king,
qms Wfuts h . h f h " · d
on his ma- and gave nn t en an account 0 all IS actIons, an
J A .e
t d Y' of the course he had taken for reviving and preserv-
n ac-
q!laint
ing his interest in Ireland, by settling a correspond!""
hJID with
h
s care for ence with many persons of honour there, who would
his ma- k h h f I . f 1 " .
jesty's ser- eep t e two ouses 0 par lament rom 0 JtalnIng
vice. any absolute don1inion in that kingdom, if they re-
fused to return to his nlajesty's obedience, (how
great an advantage soever he had given then1 by
the delivery of Dublin into their power,) and who
were most like to reduce that nation from the dis-
,
tempers with which they were transported, and to
incline them to that subjection that was due from
theln to the king. \Vith all which (as he had great
reason) his majesty was very graciously and abun-
dantly satisfied, and gave the marquis direction, in
case the independent army should proceed other\\Tise
than they pretended, how he should behave himseI

and comply with the Irish, if he could reduce and
dispose them to be instrumental tow'ards his and
their own delivery; and when he discovered by the
double dealing and hypocritical demeanour of the
officers of the army, (of whom he had earlier jea-
lousy than other men, as seeing further into their

OF THE STA'I'E OF IRELAND. 63

dark designs,) the little good they Ineant him, and
so found it fit to receive some overtures from the
Scots commissioners, who were st.ill admitted to re-
side at London, and to bear a part in the D1anagery
of the public affairs, and now plainly saw that the
independents' power, which they had so much de-
spised, was grown superior to them, and that they
meant to perfOrlTI nothing less than what they had
religiously promised before the king was delivered
up at Newcastle. The king commanded the lllar-
quis to çonfer with the principal persons of that
commission, who seelned very sensible of the dis-
honour their nation had incurred, and resolved, by
uniting the power of that kingdolTI for his majesty's
service, to undo SOine of the mischiefs they had
wrought; and desired that the 11larquis of Ormond Origina] of
Id l ' k - h - If · I I d duke of
WOU 1 e\VISe transport lmse Into re an , to try Hamilton's
once n10re if he could compose the hunlours of that

e-
people to his majesty's obedience, that so those two
kingdoms being entirely reduced to their duty,
might (with that assistance they were like to find
in England) persuade the violent party to cOlllply
with those moderate and just conclusions which
"Tould establish the peace and tranquillity of the
whole, in a full happiness to prince and people: and
from hence was that first engagement designed,
which \vas after\vards so unfortunately conducted
by the elder duke Hamilton, and concluded with
the ruin of himself, and many \vorthy and noble
persons.
\Vhen the army had, by their civil and specious
carriage and professions, disposed the king's party
to wish well to them, at least, better than to the
presbyterians, (who seen1ed to have erected a model

64

A SHORT VIE'"

of a more forlned and insupportable tyranny, and
were less endued with the appearance of humanity
and good nature,) and had, by shuffling themselves
into new shapes of government, and admitting per-
sons of all conditions to assemble and 111ake proposi-
tions to thenl, in order to a public peace, given en-
couragement to most men to believe, that all in-
terests ,vould, in some degree, be provided for, and
so had brought themselves into an absolute po\ver
over all interests; they began to lessen their out-
,yard respect and reverence to the king, to inhibit
some of his servants absolutely to resort unto hiIn,
01
and more to restrain the frequent access of the peo-
ple, \vho, out of an innate duty and affection, de-
lighted often to see his majesty; they caused re-
ports to be raised and scattered abroad of, SOBle in-
tentions of desperate persons of violence upon his nla:
The r
b
ls jesty's person; and upon this pretence doubled their
more stract- d d ill f .. . 1 I
ly confine guar s, an put 0 cers 0 nlore strIct VlgI ance ane
the king. more sour disposition about hinl, so that \vhatsoever
he said, did, 01: was said to him, ,vas I1lore punctually
observed. The marquis of Ormond ,vas looked upon
with a very jealous eye, and ,vas one of those nohle
persons ,vho were known too faithful to his nlaster
to be suffered to be near hinl, and therefore \vas for-
hid to continue his attendance on hinl.
The articles that had been. 11lade ,vith hhll at
Dublin by the comnlissioners, and confirmed by the
two houses of parlia111ent at 'Vestn1inster, ,vere every
\vay violated and infringed, in the 1110st Î1nportant
particulars; as in the ÎIl1prisonl11ent of sir Faithful
Fortescue, \vhose security ,vas provided for by the
articles; in the delay that ,vas used in the paYll1ent
of the Inoney due, to hjnl; and 'v hereas he ,vas to

Violate
their arti-
cles with
the mar-
quis.

OF 'rI-IE ST A:TE OF IRELAND. ()5

reside in any part of England he pleased, \vith all
freedonl, for the space of one year, \vithout the Ï1n-
position of any oath or engagenlcnt, and at the end
thereof: he had liberty to transport hitnself and his
fanlily into what foreign parts he pleased: as soon
as they began to be unnlasked towards his Inajesty,
they hanished the lnarquis frolll London, forbidding
nd banish
. fi . f h . him from
him to COine \vithin t\venty- ve l1ules 0 t e CIty; London.
and all this before he had ever spoke ,vith the Scots
cOIn missioners, or given theill the least shado,," of
pretence against hinl, saving only the having a heart
impossible to be corrupted to'vards his Inaster, and
a head and an hand like to be of use to him: and
shortly after the king \vas in the Isle of'Vight, di- And gh.e
. . h d d . h orders to
rectlons \vere gIven to appre en an seIze upon t e seize him.
person of the nlarquis of Ormond; \vho thereupon
concluding fron1 their wicked carriage and barba-
rous demeanour towards his lllajesty, whom they
had now Blade close prisoner in Carisbrook castle,
that it l\'ould be very inlpertincnt for hiln to in-
sist upon the perforIl1ance, and to expostulate for
the breach of the agreenlent \\Thich had been lllade
with hin), \\Tith all secrecy transported hÍInself out of He secretly
lea,.es En
-
the kingdol1), and arrived safely in France about the land, and-
d f I 6 I . . E I d 1 . I arrÏ\.es in
en 0 t Ie year 1 -t7, lavIug spent In ng an Itt e .....fal1ce.
nl0re, fron1 the tilne that he canle out of Ireland,
than six nlonths.
The n1arquis no sooner found hinlself at liherty, Hpyro.iect

I f f I . . ) agam to
an( out 0 the reach 0 us eneIl1ICS, than Ie pro- \'isit Irp-
. t d . .. I I d I I . land.
JCC e agaIn to VISIt re an , ". lere lIS prescnce \vas
impaticntly longed for. 'Vhen he had left that king-
dOlTI upon those breach
s of faith so often repeated
by the Irish, and their stupid suhlnissiou to the
pope's nuncio, (as is before relTIelnhered,) hp had
YOI.. VIII. F

66

A SHORT VIEW

specially recommended to the marquis of Clanrick..
ard and the viscount Taaffe, (lvho had from the be-
ginning, \vithout the least pause, preserved their
duty to his majesty entire; and, being Roman ca-
tholics, had publicly opposed the unreasonable and
extravagant usurpation of the nuncio,) to use their
utn10st po\ver and dexterity to retain the affections
of that party of the Irish, who had been very de-
sirous that the former peace might have been effec-
tual, and were really inclined to pay all obedience
to his majesty, so that they n1ight not be drawn
under the subjection of the nuncio, but be ready
again to submit to the king's authority, when it
should appear again in the kingdom, and if the af-
fairs of England should be \vithout hopes of COlllpO-
sure: and accordingly the marquis of Clanrickard,
by his interest and authority in the province of Con-
naught, disposed that people to a temper ready to
be applied to those ends he should direct them; and
the viscount Taaffe commanded a good arn1Y of
horse and foot in the province of Munster, firmly
united to obey him in any action that n1ight contri-
bute to the king's advantage. The forces under the
nuncio \vere much \veakened, partly by the defeat
of general Preston, whose army was totally routed
and destroyed by the parlian1ent's forces, within les

than a l110nth after they had compelled the marquis
to leave the kingdon1, and partIy hy the dislike
which the great council of the confederate catholics
had of the demeanour of the nuncio, and the expe-
l'ience they now had of his ill conduct, and the lni-
series he had hrought them into, by forcing thel11 to
decline the peace, which would have been so advan-
tageons to then1.

OF THE STATE OF IRELAND. 67

The lord lnchiquin, \VhOnl (shortly after the first
cessation was consented to by the lord lieutenant)
the Irish, contrary to their faith, had endeavoured
to surprise, and get the to\vns in 1\1 unster under his
command into their hands, and thereby con1pelled
him to defend himself still against then1 by a sharp
war, in \vhich he had given them many overthro\vs,
and upon the matter driven them out of that pro-
vince, had held a correspondence with the marquis
of Ormond whilst he was in England; and as soon Lo.rd
11:
. F .. k cluqum m-
as he caIne Into rance, desIred hIm to Ina e what vites him
haste he n1ight into Ireland, where he should find :
:;. l\Iun-
the arlny under his comn1and, and all the important
towns of that province under his cOlnmand, ready to
sublnit to him, and to be conducted by him in the
king's service, in any way he should command: and
in the mean time he made an agreement with the
Irish, under the command of the marquis of Clan-
rickard and the lord Taaffe, with the approbation
of the supren1e council of the confederate catholics, The confe-
d f ,.. derate ca-
an sent them part 0 hIS army to assIst them In an tholics
d . · h h d . h make war
expe Itlon t ey were t en entere upon agaInst t e against the
nuncio and Owen Roe O'Neal; in which they pre_nuncio.
vailed SO far, that Owen O'Neal found it necessary
to retire to a great distance; and they drove the
nuncio himself into the town of Galway, where they And hesiege
1.. d h . I · h h h h hinl in Gal.
ueslege 1m so C ose WIt t e army, t at t ey com- way.
pelled the town, after near two months' siege, to
par a good SU111 of n10ney to he distributed among
the soldiers, and to disclaill1 any further subjection
or suhn1ission to the nuncio's unlilnited jurisdiction;
\vho, after he had, with less effect, and reverence
froln the catholics, than forll1erly, issued out his ex-
conununications against all those ,vho c0111plied \vith
F2

ns

 SHORr-r .VIE"r

The nuncio the cessation of the lord I nchiquin, was cOHlpelled
compelJed
to fly from in the end, after so lTIuch 111ischief done to the reli-
Ireland. · . d . I-
gioT} whIch he was oblIge to protect, In an ouscure
l11anner, to fly out of the kingdoln.
And hecausf' the i111pudent injustice and inlpru-
dence of the nuncio, and the too'tanlf' subjection of
the people to .his in1IDoderate and impetuous hunlour
and spirit was, in truth, the real fountain fronl
\vhence this torrent of calamities flowed, ".hich hath
since over\vhelmed that miserable nation; and be..
cause that exorbitant po\ver of his was resolutely
opposed by catholics of the most eminent parts and
interests, and in the end (though too late) expelled
by thel11; it will be hut justice to the memory of
those noble persons, who themselves and their an-
cestors have been elTIinent assertors of the Roman
religion, and never departed frOll} a full sublnission
to that church, briefly to recollect the sum of that
unhappy person's carriage and behaviour, from t}le
tirne that he ,vas first designed to that en1ployment,
to the end that the Roman catholic religion and the
Irish nation may discern what they o\ve to his acti-
vity and government, and that the \vorld may judge
how impossible it ,vas for the marquis of Ormond to
preserve a people, who so inlplicitIy resigned thenl-
selves to the councils, directions, and disposal of such
a nature and disposition: and in doing hereof: no
other language shall be used than what ,vas part of
a melTIorial delivered by an honourable and zealous
catholic, who was intrusted to complain of the insuf-
ferable behaviour of the nuncio to the pope hinlself,
. ,vhich runs in these ver y \vords; S p eakin g of the
l\Iemonal
to the pope nuncio he declared,
against the .
nuncio. " That, before he left Rome, he ,vould not admIt,

OF 'rHE S'rA'rl
OF IltEL..\.N I). (j!)

" either in his C0111pany or his fanlily, any person of
" the English nation. I n his voyage, before he ar-
"rived at Paris, he ,vrote to his friends in ROIne,
" \vith great joy, the ne,vs (although it proved after
" false) that the Irish confederates had treacherously
" surprised the city of Duhlin, ,vhile they ,vere in
" truce \vith the royal party, and treating about an
"accomulodation and peace. Arriving at Paris,
" (\vhere he shut hiInself up for' many 1110nths,) he
h never vouchsafed (I will not say) to participate
,. \\Tith the queen of England any thing touching
" his llunciature, but not in tht:' least degrep to rc-
h verence or visit her majesty, (save only one tinle
" upón'the score of courtesy,) as if he had hepn sent
" to her capital enemy, and not to her o\vn suhjects.
" Being arrived in Ireland, he eUlployed presently
" all his power to dissolve that treaty of peace \vith
" the king, \vhich \vas then alrnost brought to per-
" fection, and his diligence succeeded; 011 ,vhich he
" valued hinlself, rejoiced and insulted beyond lnea-
" sure, in thé letters he "rote to Paris, ,vhich ,verc
" after she\ved to the queen: and he may say truly,
., that in that kingdom he hath rather l11anaged the
" royal sceptre, than the pastoral staff; for that he
" hath ail11cd ITIore to be held the nlinister of the
" supreJne prince of Ireland ill teJJljJu1"(llilno;, than a
" nuncio froln the pope ill 81)iritllalihll
': nlaking
" hinlself president of the council, he hath lnanaged
" the affairs of the suprelne council of state; hé hath
" by his
wn arhitrenlent excluded froni it those
" who did not second hill1, although, hy nobletÏess
" of hirth, by allegiance, by prudence, and by zeal
" to religion, they \vere the 1110st honourahle; and
" only because they she\\'ed themselves faithful 811b-
F
j

70

A SHOR1.' VIE'V

" jects to their natural prince, and friends to the
"quiet of their country; of these he hath caused
"many to be in1prisoned, with great scandal and
" danger of sedition: in short, he hath assumed a
" distributive power both in civil and military af-
"fairs, giving out orders, commissions, and powers
" under his own name, Sl1 bscribed by his own hand,
" and made authentic with his seal for the govern-
" ment of the armies, and of the state, and commis-
" sions for reprisals at sea. He struck in, presently
" after his arrival in Ireland, with that party of the
" natives who are esteen1ed not only irreconcileable
" ,vith the English, but with the greatest and hest
"part of the Irish nobility, as likewise with the
" most civil and most considerable people of that
" island; and the better to support that party and
"faction, he hath procured the church to be fur-
" nished with a clergy and bishops of the same tem-
"per, excluding those persons who were recom-
"mended by the queen, and who for doctrine and
" virtue \vere above all exceptions; and all this con-
" trary to what your holiness was pleased to pro-
"mise. The queen was not yet discouraged, but so
"laboured to renew the treaty of peace, already
" once broken and disordered by monsieur Rinucci-
" ni, that, by means of her majesty, it ,vas not only
" reassumed, but in the end, after great difficulty
" and opposition on his part, the peace was con-
" eluded between the royal party and the confede-
"rate catholics, and ,varranted not only hy the
" king's word, but also by the restitution of arms,
" castles, and forts, and of the civil nlagistrates, ,vith
" the possession of churches and of ecclesiastical he-
" nefices, and with the free exercise of the catholic

()F TI-IE STATE O
., IRELAND. 71

" religion; and all this should have been established
" by a public decree, and authentic laws lnade by
" the three estates asselnbled in a free parliament:
"by this peace and confederacy they would have
" rescued thenlselves from the dan1ages of a ruinous
" war; have purchased security to their consciences
" and to their temporal estates; succoured the royal
" party and the catholics in England with a certain
"restitution and liberty of the king, ,vhereon de-
"pended absolutely the \velfare of the catholics in
" all his kingdoms; the apostolical chair had quitted
" itself of all engagenlents and expense with honour
" and glory. This treaty of peace, on all sides so
" desirable, 1110nsieur Rinuccini broke \vith such vio-
" lence, that he forced the marquis of OrlTIond, vice-
" roy of Ireland, to precipitate hin1self (contrary to
" his affections and inclinations) into the arms of
"the parliament of England, to the unspeakable
" danlage of the king and of the catholics, not only
" of Ireland, but also of England; and he incensed
"the greatest and best part of the Irish nobility,
" and rendered the venerable name of the holy apo-
h stolic chair odious to the heretics, with sl11all sa-
" tisfaction to the catholic princes thernselves of Eu-
h rope; as though it sought not the spiritual good
h of souls, hut a telnporal interest, by Inaking itself
h lord over Ireland: and when the lord Dighy a.nd
" the lord Biron enrleavoured, on the marquis of
" ()rn1ond's part, to incline hiln to a new treaty of
" peace, he did not only disdain to a{hnit them, or
" to accept the overture; but understanding that
" the lord Biron was \vith great danger and fatigue
" COlne to a to\vn in the county of "T cstlncath, \vhcrc
" he was, to speak \vith hil11, he forccd the carl, that
).' 4

7Q

.A. SIIOlt'r VIE "V

" \vas the chief lord of it, to send hinl away (con-
" trary to all laws of courtesy and hUl1lanity) in the
" night tilne, exposed to extraordinary inconveni-
" ences and dangers amongst those distraction.s, pro-
" testing, that other\vise he hilllself would ilnnledi-
" ately depart the town. By these proceedings, mon-
" sieur Rinuccini hath given the \vorld occasion to
" believe, that he had private and secret cOlllmis-
" sions to change the governnlent of Ireland, and to
" separate that island froIll the crown of England;
" and this opinion is the III ore confirmed, since that
"one Mahoni c, a Jesuit, hath printed a book in
" Portugal, \vherein he endeavours to prove, that all
"the kings of England have been either tyrants or
" usurpers of Ireland, and so fallen ffOlll the dOllli-
"nion of it, exhorting all its natives to get thither,
" and to use all cruelty against the English, with
" expressions full of villainy and reproach, and to
" choose a new king of their o\vn country; and this
" book, so barbarous and bloody, dispersed through
" Ireland, is as yet tolerated by the catholic and
" apostolic chair: and the Continuation of the His-
" tory of Cardinal Baronius \vas published at the
" saIne time, under the nanle of Olderico Raynaldo ;
" in the which he positively endeavours to establish
" the suprelne right and d0111inion of the apostolical
" chair, even in tCJllporalibus, over England and
"Ireland. I leave to every lnan to consider, whe-
" ther all these actions are not apt enough to beget
" jealousies and to breed naughty blood; and whe-
" ther I ought not, out of a great respect to the
" public good, to represent with SOUle ardency to

( III I."Us.: l\larcdlo, or some such name

O:F 'rHE srrA".fE OF IIIELAND. 73

" your holiness the actions of lnonsieur Rinl1ccini,
"so unseasonable, and directly contrary to those
" ends for ,vhich it is supposed he was elnployed:
" and I beseech your holiness to consider, if any
"king, not only protestant but even catholic, had
" seen an apostolic nuncio to lord it in his domi-
" nious in such a lnanner as rnonsieur Rin uccini hath
" done in Ireland, ,vhat jealousies, what complaints,
" and 110\V lllany inconveniences \vould thereby fol-
" low?"
This ,vas part of that remonstrance presented to
the pope himself, by an eminent catholic lninister of
great reputation, on behalf of the catholics of Ire-
]and; \\rho, instead of being relieved and supported,
were oppressed and destroyed by the nuncio: and I
presume this extract ,vill be of greater authority and
credit with the world, to inform thelll of the pro-
ceedings there, than any thing scattered abroad in
an l1no,vned palnphlet can be towards the incensing
then1 against persons of honour, ,vhom they know
not; and I heartily wish that the passion and un-
skilfulness of that haughty prelate nlay either have
an influence upon the catholics to discern the ex-
ceeding ill consequence that 111ust naturally attend
such violent and unnatural interpositions, and how
it Inay alienate the affections of princes from com-
plying ,vith a power that win prescribe no nlodest
or civil lin1Íts and hounds to itself, and incline the
affections of protestants to animosities or uncharita-
ble conclusions, that the papal chair affects a sove-
reignty over the hearts of her children, ,vhich is in-
consistent \\'ith that duty which they owe to their
princes; and thereupon to abhor a conjunction ,vith
those to wholn they should pCrfOrlTI all the dutics

74

A SHOR
r VIE'V

and offices of Christian love and friendship; and
with 'Vh01l1 they ought to constitute a joint subjec-
tion and allegiance to the king, according to the
laws and policy of the kingdom, of which they are
subjects.
Th.e
11ar-, After the Inarquis of Orlllond had in vain so-
qUIS In \'aln . . .
solicits sup- hClted a supply of money In France, to the end that
plies from h · h I . f .
France. e mlg t can'lY some re Ie to a klngdoll1 so harassed
and worn, and be the better able to unite those

,vho ,vould be sure to have temptations enough
of profit to the contrary, to the king
s obedience;
he was at last compelled, being with great impor-
tunity called for by the lord Inchiquin, and the rest
who upheld his nlajesty's interest, to transport hin1-
Arrives in self, unfurnished with money, arms, or amlllunition,
Ireland with. ..
a small re- and wIthout any other retInue than hIS own ser-
tinue. d h .L' fj . d d . I . ·
vants, an tree or lour rlen s: an In t us equI-
page he arrived in Ireland about the end of Septelll-
bel', in the year 1648, and landed at Cork, where he
,vas received by the lord Inchiquin, lord president
in the province of Munster. It lllUst not be for-
gotten, that during the time the marquis ,vas in
France, and after the parliament forces had, upon
so great inequality of numbers, defeated the Irish,
and in all encounters driven them into their fast-
nesses, the confederate catholics had easily discerned
the lnischiefs they had brought upon themselves, by
forcing the king's authority out of the kingdolll, and
introducing the other, which had no purposes of
mercy to\vards them; therefore they had sent the
lord marquis of Antrim, the lord viscount Muskerry,
and others, as their cOlllmissioners, to the queen of
England, and to her son the prince of 'Vales, who
\vere both then at Paris; "to beseech them" (since

OF 'rHE Sl'A TE OF IRELAND. 75

by reason of the king's imprisonn1ent they could not
be suffered to apply themselves to his majesty) " to
" take compassion of the lniserable condition of Ire-
" land, and to restore that nation to their protec-
" tion;" making ample professions and protestations
of duty, and of applying themselves for the future
to his majesty's service, if they Inight once again be
o\vned by him, and countenanced and conducted by
his authority. Thereupon the queen and prince
had answered those persons, that they would shortly
send a person qualified to treat ,vith theIn, who
should have power to give them whatsoever was re-
quisite to their security and happiness; with which
answer they returned well satisfied into Ireland: so
that as soon as the lord lieutenant was landed at
Cork, he wrote to the assembly of the confederate 'Vrites to
h I . h K . lk h h h the assem-
cat 0 lCS t en at 1 enny, t at e was, upon t e blyat Kil-
humble petition which they had presented to the ]{enny.
queen and prince, come with full power to conclude
a peace with them; and to that purpose desired that
as little time might be lost as was possible, but that
commissioners lnight be sent to hin1 to his house at
Carrick, ,vhither he would go to expect theIn, being
within fourteen miles of the place where the assem-
bly then sat; who were so 111uch the gladder of his
presence, by the obligation they had newly received
fron1 the king's authority: for when the nuncio and
O,ven O'Neal had thought to have surprised thein,
and to have compelled them to renounce the cessa-
tion, the lord Inchiquin, being sent to by them for
his protection, had marched ,vith his army to their
relief, and forced O'Neal to retire over the Shannon,
and thcrcby restored then1 to liberty and freedom:
so that they returned a message of joy and congra-

76

\ SHOR1' VIE'V

tulation to the lord lieutenant for his safe arrival,
<:ommis- and appointed c0111111issioners to treat ,vith hiln at
SlOners sent
totreatwi
h the place he had appointed. It "ras the nineteenth
the marquIS.
of October that the c0l1ll11issioners can1e to Carrick,
the house of the Inarquis, where they continued
about twenty days, \vhich they spent principally in
the l11atter of religion; in treating ,vhereof, they
\vere so bound and limited by their instructions, and
could n1ake so little progress of then1selves, being
still to give account to the assembly of \vhatsoever
,vas proposed or offered by the lord lieutenant, and
to expect its detern1Ïnation and direction before
they proceeded, that for the husbanding of time,
,vhich was now very precious, (the rebels of Eng-
land every day 1110re discovering their bloody pur-
poses to\vards the king,) the assembly thought fit to
Th,e
a
- desire the Inarquis to repair to his own castle at
qms Invited K .. . . h .
to Kilkenny Ilkenny, \vhIch they offered to delIver Into IS

:n:
J

s- hands; and that for his honour and security he
should bring his own guards, who should have that
reception that was due to thel11: and upon this in-
vitation, about the middle of Novelnber, he ,vent to
Kilkenny; before his entry into which, he was met
by the whole body of the assembly, and all the no-
bility, clergy, and gentry residing there; and in the
town \vas received ,vith all those requisite cere-
1110nies, by the Inayor and aldermen, as such a cor-
poration nse to pay to the supreme authority of the
kingdo111: so that a greater evidence could not be
given of an entire union in the desire of returning
to the king's obedience, or of more affection and re-
spect to the person of the lord lieutenant, who (by
his steady pursuing tho
c profes
ions he had always
nlade; by his neglect and contelnpt of the rebels,

OF '-rI-IJ.: S'-r,A'rE OF IIlEL.i-\.
I). 77

and their prodigious po\ver ,,'hilst he \vas in Eng-
land; and by his refusing all the overtures lnade by
then1 unto him for his particular henefit, if he "roulcl
live in the kingdonl, and by their declared and n1a-
nifest hatred and 11lalice towards him) ",-as no\\'"
superior to all those cahul1nies they had aspersed
hinl with, and confessed hin1 to be v{orthy of a joint
trust froll1 the n10st different and divided interests
and designs. Ho\vever, there were so 111al1Y pas-
sions, hurnours, and interests to be cOll1plied \vith,
and all conclusions to pass the approhation of so
Inany votes, that it was the Iniddle of January be-
fore all opinions could be so reconciled, as to pro-
duce a perfect and entire cOlllpact and agreenlent;
,vhich about that time passed \vith that n1Ïraculous
consent and unity, that in the \vhole asselnbly, in
,vh
ch ,vere the catholic bishops, there \\yas not one
dissenting voice: so that on the seventeenth of J a-
nuary, the \vhole assemhly repaired to the presence
of the lord lieutenant, in his castle at Kilkennv;
"'
and there, with all solemnity imaginable, presented
him, by the hand of their chairman, or speaker, the
articles of peace, as concluded, assented, and sub- J>l'ace COII-
Initted to by the \\yhole body of the catholic nation eluded.
of Ireland; \vhich he received and solenlnly con-
firn1ed on his 111ajcsty's behalf, and caused the sanle
that day to be proclaillled in that to\vn, to the great
joy of all that ,vere present; and it \vas with all
speed accordingly proclaimed, and as joyfully re-
ceived in all the cities and corporate towns ,,'hich
professed any allegiance to the king throughout
the kingdon1: and for the better reception thereof
among the peoplc, and to ll1anifest the satisfaction
and joy they took in it, the catholic bishops sent out

Lord lieu-
tenant's
speech to
the assem-
bJy.

78

.i\ SHOR1.
VIE'V

their letters and declarations, that they ,vere abun-
dantly satisfied in \vhatsoever concel'ned re1igion and
the secure practice thereof.
'\Vhen the articles of peace were presented in that
solenln manner to hin1 by the assembly, after the
speech made by the presenter, the lord lieutenant
expressed himself in these words to them.

" ]}I y lorris an(1 gentle1Jllen,
" I shall not speak, to these expressions of duty
" and loyalty, digested into a discourse by the gen-
"tleman appointed by you to deliver your sense;
" you will presently have in your hands greater and
" more solid argun1ents of his majesty's gracious ac-
" ceptance, than I can con1memorate, or, perhaps,
"yourselves discover: for besides the provision
" Inade against the remotest fears, fear of severity of
"certain laws, and besides many freedoms and
" bounties conveyed to you and your posterity by
"these articles, there is a door, and that a large
" one, not left, hut purposely set open to give you
" entrance, by your future merit, to whatsoever of
" honour and advantage you can reasonably wish:
"so that you have in present fruition what nlay
4í' abundantly satisfy, and yet there are no bounds
" set to YOUI' hopes, but you are rather invited, or,
" to use another phrase, (but to another and better
" purpose,) you seem to have a cal
from Heaven, to
" exercise your ar01S and uttermost fortitude, in the
"noblest and justest cause the world hath seen;
" for, let all the circun1stances incident to a great
"and good cause be examined, and they \\rill be
" found c0l11prehended in that which you no,vare
"warrantably called to defend. Religion, not in

,OF 'rHE STATE OF IRELAND. in

" the narro,v circumscribed definition of it, by this
" or that late found out nal11e, but Christian reli-
" gion is our quarrel; which certainly is as l11uch
"and totally struck at (I rnay say more) by the
" blasphemous licence of this age, than ever it was
" by the rudest incursions of the most barbarous
" and avowed enemies to Christianity; the vene-
" rable laws, and the fundainental constitutions of

, our ancestors are trodden under impious and (for
"the 1110st part) mechanic feet! the sacred person
" of our king (the life of those laws, and head of
" those constitutions) is under an ignolninious Ï1n-
" prisonment, and his life threatened to be taken

, away by the sacrilegious hands of the basest of
" the people that owe hhn obedience! and (to en-
" dear the quarrel unto you) the fountain of all the
"uenefits you have hut now ackno\vledged, and
"which you l11ay further hope for by this peace,
" and your own merit, is in danger to be obstructed
" by the execrable Inurder of the worthiest prince
" that ever ruled these islands! In short, hell can
" add nothing to the desperate 111ischiefs now openly
"projected. And no,v judge if a greater and nlore
" glorious field was ever set open to action, and then
" prepare yourselves to enter into it, receiving those
" few advices frolll him that is throughly eillbarked
" \vith you in the adventure.
" First, let me recolll1nend to you, that to this, as
" to all holy actions, (as cel
tainly this is,) you ,vill
" prepare yourselves ,vith perfect charity; a charity
"that l11ay obliterate whatever rancour the long
" continued \var may have contracted in you against
" any that shall no,v cooperate with you in so blessed
" a \vork: and let his engageillent with you in this

so

....\ SI-I()Rrr V IE'V

" (\vhoever he is) be, as it ought to he, a Lond of
" unity, of love, and of concord, stronger than the
" nearest tie of nature.
"In the next place, Inark and be\vare of those
" who shall go about to rene\v jealousies in you, Ul1-
" der what pretence soever, and account stich as the
" infernal 111inisters employed to pr01110te the black
" design on foot, to subject nlonarchy, and to make
" us all slaves to their o\vn avaricious lusts. A \vay,
"as soon and as ll1uch as possible nlay be, ,vith
" distinctions of nations and parties, ,vhich are the
" fields wherein the seeds of those rancorous "reeds
" are sown by the great eneu1Y of our peace.
" In the last place, let us all divest ourselves of
"that preposterous and ridiculous aUlbition and
" self-interest, "rhich rather leads to our own threat-
" ened general ruin, than to the enjoYlnent of ad-
" vant.ages unreasonably desired; and if at any ti111e
"you think yourselves pinched too near the bone
" by those taxes and charges that Inay be imposed
"for your defence, consider then ho\v vain, ho\v
" foolish a thing it \vill be, to starve a righteous
"cause for want of necessary support, to preserve
" ourselves fat and gilded sacrifices to the rapine of
" a merciless enelny. And if we come thus \Ven

, prepared to a contention so just on our part, God
"will bless our endeavours ,vith success and vic-
" tory, or will crown our sufferings \\'-Ïth honour and
" patience: for "'hat honour ,viII it not ùe, (if God
" hath so determined of us,) to perish "rith a long
" glorious nlonarchy? And who can want patience
" to suffer ,vith an oppressed prince? But as our
" endeavours, so let our prayers be vigorous, that he
" may be delivered fi'onl a 1110re unnatural rehellion,

OF THE srrA TE OF IRELA!\D. 81

" (than is mentioned by any story,) no\v raised to
" the highest pitch of success against him.
" I should now say something to you as to my-
" self: in retribution to the advantageous mention
" made of me, and my endeavours in the bringing
" this settlen1ent to pass; but I confess my thoughts
" are taken up "rith those much greater concern-
" Inents: let it suffice, that as I wish to be con-
"tinued in your good esteem and affection, so I
"shall freely adventure upon any hazard, and
" esteenl no trouble or difficulty too great to encoun-
" ter, if I may manifest any zeal to this cause, and
" discharge some part of the obligations that are
" upon me, to serve this kingdoln."
,

I t will not be here necessa.ry to insert the articles
of the peace, which are publicly known to the world;
it is enough to say, that tIle lord lieutenant not only
granted all that was in the judgment of the Roman
catholic bishops, and even of the bishop of Fernes,
requisite to the peaceable, secure profession of that
religion, with such countenance of, and support to
it, as from the first planting of it it had never (in
some respects) been possessed of in that kingdoll1;
hut was like,vise compelled so far to conlply ,vith
the fears and jealousies of nlen, (who, by often break-
ing their faith, and from a greater guilt, \vere ap-
prehensive that all that was promised to then1 might
not be hereafter observed,) as to divest himself of
that full and absolute power that ,vas inherent in
his office, and was never nlore fit to be exercised
than for the carrying on of that design, in which they
seelned all to agree, and to make t,velve commis-
sioners (named and chosen by the assembly to look to
YOLo VIII. G

Q'N eal re-
fuses to
submit to
the peace.

8

A SHO]{.T VIE'V

the observation and performance of the said articles,
until the sanle should be ratified by the king in a
full and peaceable convention of parlialnent) joint
sharers with him in his authority; so that he could
neither levy soldiers, raise money, nor so much as
erect garrison
, without the approbation and con-
sent of the u1ajor part of those comlnissioners: the
danger and Inischief of "rhich limitation and re-
straint he foresaw enough, but found the uniting
that people, and the composing theln to an entire
confidence in the peace, (,vhich could be c0111passed
no other way,) was so necessary, that he could not
sacrifice too lnuch to it: and then the affections
and abilities of the con1missioners were so ,vell
known and approved by hÎIn, that having l110st of
them the saIne good end with him, he preslllned he
should, with the less difficulty, be able to persuade
them ,vhich were the nearest and n10st natural ways
that conduced thereunto.
\Vith what consent and unity soever this peace
was nlade, by those who had any pretence to trust,
or to whom there was the least deputation of au-
thority and power by the nation, yet Owen O'Neal
(,vho had the greatest influence upon the humours
and inclinations of the old Irish, \vho had given
themselves up to the nuncio, and who indeed had
a better disciplined, and consequently a stronger
army, at his command, than the confederate catho-
lics had at their devotion) still refused to submit to
it; so that the lord lieutenant, as soon as the peace
was concluded, was as well to provide against hin1,
to remove some garrisons he held, which infested
those who obeyed the acts of the asselubly, and to
prevent his incursions, as to raise an arn1yagainst

OF THE S'fA 'fE O}i' IRELAND. 83

the spring, with \vhich to nlarch against the Eng-
lish rebels, who were possessed of Dublin, and all
the country and important places in that circuit,
and who, he was sure, would be supplied \vith all
the assistance of shipping, 111en, nloney, victuals,
and ammunition, which the inhuillan and bloody
rebels of England (who had now nlurdered their
sovereign, and incorporated themselves under the
name and title of a commonwealth) could send to
then1: and he was in a worse condition to prevail
against both these, by the unhappy telnper and con-
stitution of the Scots in Ulster, who being very nu-
merous, and possessed of considerable towns, though
they abhorred the English rebels, and were not re-
concileable to Owen O'Neal and his army, were yet
as uninclined to the peace made \vith the confe-
derate catholics, and far fron1 paying an obedience
and full sublnission to the orders and governinent of
the lord lieutenant, maintaining at the san1e tÍ1ne
the presbyterian foro1 in the church, and an utter
independency in the state; and out of those contra-
dictory ingredients, cOlnpounding such a peevish
and wayward affection and duty to the king, as
could not be aplllied to the bearing any part in the
great work the marquis was incumbent to. So that The many
h . 11 . I I d . d h . . ld difficulties
W osoever WI WISe y revo ve an conSl er t IS WI the mar.
conluncture of affairs, and that towards the subdu- q t uis ha l d to
iJ s rugg e
ing the power, strength, and \vealth of the English with.
rebels, and the equal malice and hardiness of Owen
O'Neal and his party, as much, or, in truth, more
contracted against the confederate catholics than
the king's authority, and to the forcing and dispos-
ing the useless and unprofitable pretences of affec-
tion in the Scots, and reducing theln to obedience,
G2

84

A SI-IORT VIE'V

the marquis brought over with hhn neither men nor
1110ney, nor auy advantage but that of his own per-
son, wisdonl, and reputation, and was now, upon the
peace, to constitute an army, not only of several na-
tions and religions, and of much passion and super-
ciliousness in those opinions which flo\ved frolll
their several religions, but of such men, who had,
for above the space of eight years, prosecuted a
sharp war against each other, with all the circun1-
stances of animosity, rapine, and revenge, and who
were now brought into this reconciliation and con-
junction, rather by the wonderful wisdon1 and dex-
terity of the principal commanders, than by their
own charity and inclinations; and that, in the form-
ing of this army, he had not above six or seven of-
ficers, upon whose skill in nlartial affairs, and affec-
tion to him, he could, with any confidence, depend,
hut was to make use of very many who were ut-
terly unknown to him, and such, who either had no
experience in war, or who had always been in arms
against him; I say, whosoever without passion con-
siders all this, will rather wonder that the marquis
did not sink under the ,veight of the first attempt,
and that he could proceed \vith success in anyone
enterprise, than that an arlny so made up should,
upon the first nlisadventure, be dissolved into jea-
lousies and prejudices amongst then1selves, and that
all the confusions should follo\v, w hich naturally at-
tend such compositions.
As soon as the peace ,vas thus concluded, pro-
claimed, and accepted, the lord lieutenant took a sur-
vey of the stores of arms and anununition, and other
provisions necessary for the arn1y, 'v hich was to be
hrought together in the spring, and found all very

OF THE S'TA'rE OF IRELAND. 85

short of what he expected, and (what, in truth, \vas
absolutely necessary to the work) the ways for rais-
ing money, with which all the rest ,vas to be sup-
plied, in no degree to be depended on: the cities
and incorporate to\vns, where, upon the matter, all
the wealth ,vas, having never submitted further to
the general asserrlbly, than by declaring thenlselves
to be of their party, bu t like so many several com-
Inonwealths, ordered all contributions and payn1ents
of money by their own acts and determinations; nor
\voltld, upon the Inost emergent occasion, suffer any
money to be raised in any other proportion, or in
any other manner, than best agreed \vith their o\vn
humour and conveniencies: so that the commis-
sioners advised and besought th
lord lieutenant to
make a journey in person to such of those corpora-
tions as were best able to assist hinI, and, by his
own presence and interest, to endeavour to persuade
thClll to express that affection for the peace that
they had professed. Thereupon he went, with a
conlpetent nUlnher of the commissioners, to \Vater-
ford, and frol11 thence to LÍ111erick, and then to Gal-
,vay; from "rhich several places he procured the
loan of more l1I0ney, corn, and ammunition, than Lord JiC>t!-
t
nant hor-
the general assembly had ever been able to do; and rows mo-
by this nlcans, which cost him much lahour nnd
:
nos
the
ti lue, he found himself in a condition to dra \v the
several forces together; ,vhich he did about the be-
ginning of J\lay, having Inade the lord lnchiquin, Promoti()n

I " t I f I h I f C in the army.
leU enant genera 0 t Ie arlny; t e ear 0 astle-
haven, lieutenant general of the horse; and the
lord Taaffe, general of the artillery: and it being
thought fit to lose as little tiIne as might be in
Inarching to\vards Dublin, as soon as any considcr-
(j 3

"

t)()

A
HORrr VIE\V

able nUInbers of Inen \vere come toge.ther, he sent
the earl of Castlehaven \vith them, to take in seve-
ral garrisons which were possessed by O\ven O'Neal
in the Queen's county, which was the way he in-
tended to march, and so would have no enemy in
Earl of his rear; and accordin g l v the earl took the fort of
Castle- J .
haven takes
laryborough, and other places in that county, and

:

8 Athy and Reban, in the county of Kildare, whereby
garrisons. the passage was opened for their further march.
Having in this manner begun the canlpaign, the
Rendezvous lord lieutenant appointed a general rendezvous of
of the army.
the whole army at Cloghgrenan, a house of his own
upon the river of Barrow, near the castle of Cather-
lough, \v here he made a conj ul1ctio.n of all the forces,
protestants and Roman catholics, who (by the wis-
don} and temper of the principal officers) mingled
,veIl enough, and together, about the end of May,
made a body of three thousand seven hundred horse,
and fourteen thousand five hundred foot, with a
train of artillery, consisting of four pieces of ord-
nance: but \vhen they were now IDet, all the money
\vhich could be l'aised by the cOll1missioners, or
which had been paid by the incorporate towns, was
so near spent in drawing the soldiers out of their
quarters, and in those short expeditions into the
Queen's county, and county of Kildare, that they
could not have advanced in their march, if the lord
lieutenant had not, upon his private credit, bor-
rowed the sum of eight hundred pounds sterling of a
a Sir Jaw. private a gentleman, (to whom the same still re-
Preston.
ma'ns due,) by means whereof he gave the common
soldiers four
ays' pay, and so marched about the
begin
ing of June froll1 Çloghrenan, and the same
evening appeared before Talbot's town, a strong

OF
.rHE S'l'A'l
E OJ' IRELAND. 87

garrison of the enelllY's, which, together \vith Castle Tl
e mar-
. . . qms takes
Talbot, (t\VO mIles dIstant frolll the other,) was in Ta1bot's
· h . h d d d } · town and
\VIt In tree ays surren ere to t Ie nlarquls, upon Castle Tal-
promise of quarter. From thence he marched to bot,
Kildare, which to\vn \vas like\vise in a short time Aud Kil-
dare.
surrendered to him. Here he was compelled to stay
three or four days, both for want of provision, and
for a recruit of t\VO thousand foot, \vhich, by the
lord lnchiquin's care and diligence, were then upon
the march; and being joined, he ,vas in hopes, by a
sudden and speedy rnarch, to have engageJ Jones,
\vho at that tÍIne \vas marched a good distance from
Dublin \vith his arrrlY; and so encouraging his sol-
diers \vith three days' pay, (v/hich he was like,vise
cOlnpelled to horro\v on his credit, out of the pockets
of persons of quality attending on hirr}, and of tIlC
officers of the arn1Y,) he passed the river of Liffey;
and Jones, having gotten intelligence of his Inotion, Obliges
. d . d · d h . d . d . J ones to
In great Isor er raIse IS ca01p, an retIre Into raise his
Dublin. camp.
The marquis cncaolped his whole arll1Y at the
N aas
t\velve miles frotn Dublin, that he might n1a-
turely deliberate ,vhat was next to be undertaken or
atten1pted, it being no\v ahout the lniddle of June:
that which appeared \vorthy of debate \vas, \vhcther Council of
war
the army should first nlake an attempt upon Dublin, .
in which it was believed there were very many, both
officers and soldiers, and other persons of quality,
well affected to the king's service, and \vho had for-
merly served under the marquis, and esteemed hin1
accordingly, who Inight make that work the 1110re
easy; or whether it should be first applied to the
taking in of 'rrym, Drogheda, and the other out
garrisons, from whence the city received 11luch pro-
ü4

88

A SHOR'I"' VIE'V

vision of all kinds, and froln whence the provisions
to the ar01Y would be cut off, and Inuch other pre-
judice might ensue: but upon a full consid
ration,
the council of war, which consisted of the general
officers, inclined to the fornler, concluding that, if
they could take Dublin, all the other places would
Resolve to quickly fall into their hands; and if they should de-
attempt the .
taking of lay It, and \vaste their provision in those lesser at.ø
Dublin. h . h 1 bI ' f E
tempts, t ere mlg t pro)a y arrIve out 0 ng-
land such supplies of men, money, and other neces-
saries to the rebels, which were daily expected, as
might render that important work ahnost inlpossible.
The lord Hereupon the lord lieutenant marched the very
lieutenant . .
Dmrches to- next mornIng towards Dubhn, and that afternoon
wards Dub- d h h I . h . f
lin. repasse t e woe army agaIn over t e rIver 0
Liffey, by the bridge of Lucan, and encamping near
that place, to rest his Dlen a few hours of the night,
he marched very early in the lllorning, being the
19th of June, and appeared by nine of the clock at
a place called Castle-Knock, in view of the city;
and hearing that Jones had drawn out all his horse
into a green, not far from the walls, he sent a party
of horse and musketeers to face them, while he
drew his whole body within less than cannon shot
of their gates, hoping thereby to give some counte-
nance to those in the town, to raise sóme commo-
tion within; and having spent most part of the day
in this posture and expectation, after some slight
skirlnishes between the horse, he found it necessary
to dra,v off, and encamped that night at a place two
Iniles frolll the town, called Finglass; whither great
n1ultitudes of the Roman catholics (whereof most
were aged men, and women, and children, whom
Jones had turned out of the city) repaired to him,

OF THE STATE O
" IRELAND.
9

all whom he sent \vith all due order for their recep-
tion into the quarters adjacent.
'l"he marquis was no sooner in his quarters, than
he received sure intelligence that Jones had sent his
horse to Drogheda, froln whence they would have
been able to have distressed his army several ways,
and to have intercepted the provisions which came
out of the country out of the magazines, which \vere
at least thirty miles distant; and the principal offi-
cers of the army ,vere of opinion, upon the view
they had taken that day of the enenlY, and the
countenance they had observed of their o\vn nlen,
that they \vere not sufficiently provided for a formal
siege, and as ill to attack the to\vn upon a brisk
attelTIpt; and therefore he resolved to remain en-
camped at that place for sorTIe tÌlne, whereby he
might take the advantage of any opportunity they
\vithin the to,vn \vould administer unto hin1; and
presently sent the lord Inchiquin, lieutenant general
of the army, with a strong party of horse to pursue
the rebels' horse, which were sent for Drogheda;
which he did so successfully, that he surprised one
whole troop, and after\vards en'countered colonel
Coote in the head of three hundred horse, whereof he Lord Tnchi-
I d d · d . d d quin defeats
S ew many, an route the rest; who, In a Isor ere a bod)' of
haste, fled into Drogheda. The lord Inchiquin pre-
:
:::s
sently sent advertisement of his success, and tllat he
had reason to believe, that if he pursued this ad-
vantage, and made an attempt on the town while
this terror possessed the rebels, he should nlake hinl-
self nlaster of it.
Whereupon, and in respect of the great iOlport-
ance of the place, the reduction whereof \vould pro-
duce a secure correspondence \vith, anù give a great

uo

.A SHOI{'r VI
\V

encouragement to, the Scots in Ulster; who Inade
great professions of duty to the king, and had no\v,
under the conduct of the lord viscount l\lontgomery
of the Ardes, driven sir Charles Coote into the city
of Londonderry, and, upon the 111atter, beleaguered
him there; the lord lieutenant, by the advice of the
council of war, approved the design, and to that
purpose sent him two good regilnents of foot, and
two pieces of artillery, and such alunlunition and
Inaterials as could be spared; ,vherewith he pro-
ceeded so vigorously, that within seven days he
Takes Dro- cOlnpelled the rebels to yield upon quarter, and re-
gheda.
duced the town to the king's obedience. ·
There was IlO\V very reasonable ground for hope,
that the English rebels ,vould quickly find them-
selves in notable straits and distresses; \vhen it was
on a sudden discovered how very active and dex-
terous the spirit of rebellion is to reconcile and unite
those who were possessed by it, (how contrary soever
their principles and ends seem to be,) and to
ontri-
bute jointly to the opposing and oppressing that law-
fu] power, which they had both equally injured and
provoked.
The parliament party, who had heaped so many
reproaches and calul11nies upon the king for his cle-
mency to the Irish, who had founded their own au-
thority and strength upon such foundations as were
inconsistent with any toleration of the Roman ca-
tholic religion, and even with any humanity towards
the Irish nation, and Inore especially towards those
of the old native extraction, the whole race whereof
they had, upon the matter, sworn to extirpate; and
Owen O'Neal himself being of that most ancient sept,
and his whole army consisting only of such who

O}1' 'rHE
rrA'rE OF IRELAND. 91

avowed no other cause for their first entrance into
rebellion, but matter of religion, and "that the
" power of the parliament was. like to be so preva-
"lent and great, that the king hitnself would not
" be able to extend his lnercy and favours towards
" them, which they seen1ed to be confident he was,
"in his O\Vll gracious disposition, inclined to ex-
"press, and therefore professed to take up arms
" against that exorbitant power only of them, and
" to retain hearts fun of devotion and duty to his
" Inajesty ;,<t and who, at present, by underhand and
secret treaties with the'lord lieutenant, seelned more
irreconciled to the proceedings of the general as-
sPlnLly, and to the persons of those who he thought
governed there, than to make any scruple of sub-
mitting to the king's authority, in the person of the
luarquis, to which and to \vhon1 he protested all
duty and reverence: these two so contrary and dis-
agreeing elements had, I say, by the subtle and vo-
latile spirit of hypocrisy and rebeUion, found a way
to incorporate together; and Owen O'Neal had pro-
)'Neal act

. . In concert
mlsed and contracted wIth the other, that he would with the
I h 1 d 1 . · d d ff English
con1pe t e or leutenant to retIre an raw 0 rebels.
his army from about Dublin, by his invading with
his army those parts of Leinster and l\lunsteI' which
yielded most, or indt'ed all, the provisions and sub-
sistence to the marquis, and which lIe presun1ed the
marquis \vould not leave to be spoiled and desolated
by his incursions: for the better doing whereof, and
enabling him for this expedition, colonell\lonke, go-
vernor of Dundalk, (and who was the second person
in cOll1ll1and all10ng the English rebels,) had pro-
111Ìsed to deliver him, out Of the stores of that garri-
son, a good quantity of puwder, bullet, and tnatch

9Q

A SHORT VIE'V

proportionable; for the fetching whereof, Owen
O'Neal had sent Farrell, the lieutenant general of
his army, with a party of five hundred foot and
three hundred horse, at the san1e time that Drog-
heda was taken by the lord lnchiquin; ,vho, heing
there advertised of that ne\v contracted friendship,
resolved to give sonle interruption to it, and ß1ade
so good haste, that within few hours after Farrell
had received the ammunition at Dundalk, he fell
upon hin1, and routed all his horse, and of the five
hundred foot, there were not forty that escaped, but
were either slain or taken prisoners, and got all the
alnmunition, and with it so good an account of the
})resent state of Dundalk, that he immediately en-
camped before it, and in two days compel1ed l\lonke
(who,would else have been delivered up by his o\vn
Takes Dun- soldiers) to surrender the place; where was a good
daJk. . f . . I h d h
n1agazIne 0 anlmunltIon, c ot es, an ot er neces-
saries for the war, Inost of the officers and soldiers
\vith all alacrity engaging themselves in his n1a-
jesty's service.
And re- Upon this success, the lesser garrisons of Ne\vry,
duces other J .
garrisons. Narrow \Vater, Green Castle, and Carhngford, were
easily subjected; and the lord lnchiquin, in his re-
turn, being appointed to visit Trym, the only garri-
son left to the rebels in those parts, except Dublin,
in t\VO days after he had besieged it, made himself
master of it, and so returned with his party (not
impaired by the service) to the lord lieutenant, in
his canlp at Finglass.
O'Neal re- Owen O'Neal still continued his affection to the
Iieves tbe . . .
English re- English rebels; and when he found that hIS desIgn

:J
:;n- of dra",'ing the king's arn1Y fron1 Dublin could not
succeed, he hasted into Ulster, and upon the pay-

Inchiquin
defeats a
body of
O'Neal's
anny.

OF THE s'r ATE OF IIIEI.A,ND. 93

ment of t\VO thousand pounds in lTIOney, son1e am-
rnunition, and about t\VO thousand cows, he raised
the siege of Londonderry, the only considerable place
in that province that held for the English rebels, and
which was even then reduced to extre111ity by the
lord viscount Montgon1ery of the Ardes, and Inust
in few days have subn1itted to the king's authority,
if it had not heen in that nlanner relieved by the
unfortunate Irish.
All the places of mon1ent near Dublin being thus
reduced, and the lord Inchiquin having put compe-
tent galTÍsons into them, and yet returned into the
camp with a stronger party than he marched out
with, on the 24th day of July, the marquis took a Lord Jieu4
. f h . h I d .í'. d . · f tenant re-
VIew 0 IS ,V 0 e arnlY, an loun It to consIst 0 ,.iews his
no less than seven thousand foot, and about four army.
thousand horse, ,vhich, though a good force, was not
equal to the work of forlning a regular siege of so
large and populous a city as Dublin, and as unfit to
storm it; therefore it was resolved still to continue
the foriner design of straitening it, until the neces-
sities within abated the obstinacy of that people:
for the better doing \vhereo
the lord viscount Dil-
lon, of Costello, was appointed to ren1ain still on the
north side of the town with a body of two thousand
foot and five hundred horse, to block it up, having
t\VO or three small places of strength to retire unto
upon any occasion; and the lord lieutenant, the next
.day, nlarched \vith the renlainder of the army over
the river of Liffey, to the south side, to a place
caned Rathnlines, where he resolved to encan1p, and Encamps at
Ii h . Rathmines.
rOln W ence, by reason of the narrowness of the rI-
ver, he might discourage any attell1pt of sending
relief into the to\vn by sea fronl England; and, in

94

A 8HORT YIE'V

truth, if he had cOlne tÏtlle enough to have raised a
work upon a point there, sOlne interruption lnight
have been given to that enterprise: but it pleased
God that the very sanle day (the 25th of July) the
111arquis lllarched thither, and in the sight of his
army, as it Inarched, a strong gale of wind from the
east brought into Dublin colonel Reynold and colo-
Supplies to nel Venables, ,vith a good supply of horse and foot,
the rebels ..
arrive at money, and all other necessarIes whereof the garrl-
Dublin. d · d h . h II I I d h
son stoo In nee , w IC lnarve ous y exa te t e
spirits of all those who "'ere devoted to the obe-
dience of the rebels, and depressed the lllinds of
those who watched all opportunities of doing service
to the king: however, the Inarq uis pursued his re-
solution, and encalnped that night at Rathnlines,
and the next day nlade himself strong there, till
upon inforlnat.ion (he was sure to receive of the
enelny's st
te and condition) he lnight better con-
clude what ,vas next to be done.
There were III any honest filen \vithin the city,
who still found means to send the Inarquis ad\rer-
tiseluent of what was necessary for hilll to kno"r;
and the sallle ships that brought supplies fr0l11 and
for the rebels brought like\vise intelligence fronl
those that wished well to the king's service, to the
lord lieutenant, and to other persons of honour who
were with hin1, and fron1 several persons of known
integrity, and who \vere like enough to know what
was transacted in the council of the rebels, it ,vas
informed that this supply \vhich was already landed
at Dublin was all that was intended for that place,
and believed to be sufficient to defend it against any
army the marquis could bring to attack it; and that
Croffi\vell, \vho "ras enough kno\vn to be ready in

OF ï'HE sr.rArrE OF IREI..AI\jD. 95

England to enlbark \\ ith a great arlny, Ineant to
land in 1\1 unster, a country but lately fallen frOl1I
their devotion, and where there \vere still too many
inclined to hinI, and thereby to cOlnpel the lord lieu-
tenant to rise fron1 Dublin: and it is very true, that
at that tio1e Croluwell ,vas resolved to have pro-
ceeded in that Inanner. Upon this joint intelligence,
for it caIne from SOlne persons to the lord lieutenant,
and froBl others to the lord lnchiquin, it ,vas upon
a consultation \vith the general officers concluded
absolutely necessary that the lord lnchiquin, heing Inchi.quin
. d f M h Id - d - I · I sent 1Oto
preSI ent 0 unster, s ou lmlue late y, WIt 1 a Munster.
strong party of horse, repair into that province,
whereby at least the garrisons there luight be sup-
ported, against any sudden attelupt of the enen1Y, if
they should land there; and that the arluy being
thus \veakened by the quality as well as the nUluber
of this party, (who were the best horse of the body,)
the lord lieutenant should retire to ])rumnah, being
a quarter of greater strength than that of Rathn1ines
was or could be Inade, and at such distance as lTIight
as well block up the enelny as the other, and froIl1
,vhence an uninterrupted C0l11ll1Unication might he
had with that party which was left on the north
side of the river; and upon this conclusion thp lord
Inchiquin departed to\vards l\lunster.
When it was known that the army ,vas to retire,
the officers and soldiers expressed nluch trouble, and
seelned to believe the reducing of the to,vn not to
be a matter of that difficulty as ,vas pretended: if
they could hinder the rebels' horse from grazing in
the Ineadows near the walls, which was the only
place they \vere pos
essed of to that purpose, they
could not be able to subsist five days; and it \vould

06

.c\ SHORT VIE'V

be in their power to take that benefit frolll them, if
they possessed themselves of a castle called Bagga-
trath, very near adjoining to that pasture, which ,vas
already so strong, that in one night it might be suf-
ficiently fortified: and this discourse (which was not
indeed unreasonable) got so much credit, that the
council of \var entreated the marquis to decline his
former resolution of retiring to Drumnah; general
Preston, sir Arthur Aston, and major general Pl1r

cell, having viewed the place, and assuring the lord
lieutenant that it might be possessed and sufficiently
fortified in one night.
I t is no wonder that in an army thus constituted
and composed, the ll1arquis thought not fit by his
authority to restrain them frolll pursuing an enter-
prise of so llluch gallantry, and \vhich had so much
possibility of success; and indeed he still retained
some hopes of advantage by the affections of the
city; and that even in those last supplies that were
sent over, there were many who laid hold of that
opportunity to transport themselves for the advance-
ment of the king's service, and with a purpose quick-
ly to change their masters; so that he was contented
to recede from his forlner resolution; and on the
Attempt to first of August, at night, sent a strong party to pOS-
take and .
fortify Bag- sess thell1selves of Baggatrath, and \Vlth such mate-
gatrath. rials as were necessary to fortify it: and because he
concluded that the enemy would immediately dis-
cover what they \vere doing, and would use their
utmost endeavours to prevent the execution of a de-
sign which would bring such irreparable damage to
them, he gave strict order for drawing the \v hole
army into battalia, and commanded that they should
stand in arms all that night, himself continuing in

OF THE STATE OF IRELAND. 97

the field on horseback till Inorning. As soon as it
was day he went to visit the place that was to be
fortified, which he found not in that condition he
expected: the officer excused hinlselfby having been
misguided in the night, so that it was very late be-
fore he arrived there; where,vith the marquis being
unsatisfied, displaced the officer who COl1lmal1ded the
party, and put another of good name and reputation
into the charge, and appointed him to Inake his nlen
work hard, since it appeared, that in four or five
hours it might be so well fortified, that they need
fear no attempt from the town: and that they might
be sure to enjoy so much time, he cOllllllanded the
army to remain in the sallIe posture they had been
all the night; and about nine of the clock, seeing
no appearance of any sally from the town, ,vhich he
had so long expected, he ,vent to his tent to refresh
hil11self ,vith a little rest; which he had not oh-
tained for the space of an hour, \vhen he ,vas a\vak-
ened by an alarln fron1 the enen1Y, and putting hinl-
self immediately on his horse, quickly found that his
officers had not been so punctual in their duty as
they ought to have been, but had quitted their posts
as soon as the marquis ,vent to repose himself, (out
of an unhappy confidence that the rebels \vould not
adventure at that time of the day to make any sally;)
so that a strong party out of the town, at ten of the
clock in the morning, In arched directly to Bagga-
trath, and ,vith less opposition than ought to have
heen made, beat, routed, and dispersed the party The fatal
th t d · h fi d .. hattle of
a possesse It; 'v 0, n Ing their horse not so Rathmin
s.
ready to assist them as they expected, quitted the
place \vith all imaginable confusion, which encou-
raged the rebels (\vho \vere seconded itnmediatelr
YOLo VIII. H

98

A
I-IORT VIE\V

by the whole power in Dublin) to advance further
towards the army, (which they discerned to be in
high disorder,) than at their conling out they in-
tended.
The lord lieutenant used all means to put the
horse in order, sending the lord Taaffe to comll1and
the foot; but sir 'Villiam Vaughan, commissary ge-
neral of the horse, being in the first charge killed,
they who followed him were immediately routed:
whereupon so general a consternation seized upon
the spirits of all the l'lest, that the marquis could
prevail with none to stand with him, but the regi-
ment of his brother, colonel Butler, and colonel
Grady, with which he charged the enenlY; wherein
colonel Grady being slain, and his brother sore
wounded and taken prisoner, that body was like-
wise entirely broken; and from that tinle it was
not in his power, by all the Ineans he could use, to
rally any part of horse, or to Inake them so D1uch
as to stand by him: so that \vhen he was even en-
vironed with the enemy, and attended on]y \vith
very fe\v of his own servants, and two or three gen-
tlemen, he was forced to make his way through
them, and to quit the field; when that small body
of foot which still kept their ground, and valiantly
defended themselves, finding that they were desert-
ed by their horse, were compelled to surrender their
arms to the rebels; th
]ord Taaffe making his own
way so prosperously, that he got to the north side,
where he found that body \vhich had been left there
in arms, and used all the possible endeavours he
could to persuade them to attenlpt the recovery of
what was lost, which in so great disorder of the
enemy (as such success usually produces) had not

OF THE STATE O}i
IRELAND. 99

been reasonably to be despaired of: hut the appre-
hensions and jealousies, the fright and terror, was
so universal, that he could not incline them to it,
nor do more (and that in confusion enough) than
to provide for their own security.
This was the unhappy, and, indeed, fatal defeat
of Rathlnines, which \vas the first and only loss that
ever fell upon any arlny or party of which the mar-
quis had the name and title (and God kno"rs he had
here no III ore than the name) of the supreme com-
mander, and these the whole circumstances of it; so
that \vhat fault, defect, or oversight of his contri-
buted thereunto, or what he could have done lllore
to have prevented it, malice itself cannot suggest:
and for the matter of itself, though it must be and
is confessed, that many officers and soldiers of the
arlny did not that day discharge their trust \vith di-
ligence and integrity, or fight with any tolerable cou-
l
age, and \vere on a sudden more confounded with
fear and aluazement, than was to be expected fronl
the cause they were to defend, and from their o""n
behaviour in former actions; yet the success on the
rebels' side was in no degree \vonderful, the advan-
tage in nun1ber being theirs, they who sallied out of
the town and were upon the field heing effectively
six thousand foot and one thousand nine hundred
horse; and the arnlY encamped at Rathmines were
not near so strong in horse or foot, and therefore it
is nothing strange, that so well governed and disci-
plined soldiers, under good officers, should overcome
a less nUlnber of ra\v, new levied, and un practised
lllen, under unexperienced officers, though possessed
of SOllle advantage of ground; nor can the nnfitnes

and unskilfulness of the officers he imputed to \vant
H2

100

A SHOR'r VIEW

After this
defeat the
lord lieu-
tenant re-
tires to
Ki Ikenny.

of care in the 11larquis; since they \vere not only
such upon whose interest the men ,vere raised and
brought together, and so consequently had a kind
of dependency upon thelll; but such as were reCOffi-
Inended particularly to him by the general assel11-
bly: and how unsatisfied they were ,,'ith all other
officers than those ,vho were recommended by theln-
selves; and how violently they protested against
them, of how great reputation soever they were for
courage, conduct, and constant and unblemished in-
tegrity to the king's service, the ensuing discourse
will sufficiently set forth and declare.
'''hen the marquis found the consternation to be
so great in his soldiers who fled away, that no con-
siderable nunlber could be got together to make any
stand, though at some Iniles distance from the ac-
tion, and that the other part of the arolY on Fin-
glass side, who had seen no enemy, could but be
contained from dispersing, he sent them orders to
olarch to Trym and Drogheda, for the strengthen-
ing of those garrisons, \vhich he believed Jones
nlight, upon the pride of his late success, be inclined
to attack; and himself went to Kilkenny, as the
fittest rendezvous to which he might rally his broken
and scattered forces, and froln whence he might best
give orders and directions for the making of ne,v
levies: and in his In arch thither, the very next day
after the defeat at Rathnlines, he made an halt with
those fe"r horse \vhich he had rallied together, and
Takes in sU111moned the strong fort of Ballysonan, which he
Ballysonan d .L'.
in his had before blocked up by a party of horse an loot,
march; and having found means to persuade the governor to
helieve that Dublin had been surrendered, and that
his army was returning, he got that important place

OF 'rHE S'rA'rE OF IItELAND. 101

into his hands; \vithout ,vhich stratagenl, Jones which ple-
'\vould þave pursued his conquest even to Kilkenny ;:

:'s
itselt which he bad found in a very ill condition to pursuit.
defend itself; and in a whole week's time, after his.
cOIning to Kilkenny, he could dra\v together but
three hundred horse, with which he found it neces-
sary, just eight days after the defeat, to 1l1arch in
person to the relief of Drogheda, which, according
to his expectation, ,vas besieged by Jones, and de-
fended by the lord l\loore: upon the approach OfOhltges
. h T . .Jones to
the 111arq UIS no nearer t an ry 111, the
Icge ,vas raise the
. d d J d D bl ' sicge of
raISe , an ones returne to u In. Drogheda.
His lordship entering Drogheda, ,vhither he re-
solved to dra,v his arlllY as soon as n1ight be, issued
out his orders acc<<i)l'dingly, hoping in a short titne,
if no other 111isfortune intervened, to get a good body
of luen together, and to restrain those in Dublin
fronl l11aking any great advantage of their lat
vic-
tory. But he had been there very fc\v days, when Lord lieu-
'. tcnant re-
he receIved sure advertIselnent, that CrOlll\Vell was ceives ad-
hiInself landed, \vith a great arnlY of horse and foot, g;::
'ell's
and with vast sU ! J ! Jlies of all kinds at Dublin \vhere 1al1(\i
lg at
, , DublIn.
he arrived ,vithin less than a fortnight after the un-
fortunate defeat at Rathmines. 1"'he scene ,vas no,v
totally altered, and the ,val' the lord lieutenant \vas
to luake could be only defensive, until the reLeh;
should lueet ,vith a check in some enterprise, and
his O,vn tuen, by discipline and rest, and exercise of
their artns, might again reCO\Ter their spirits, and
forget the fear they had contracted of th
cnenlY:
he took care therefore to repair the \vorks and forti- PJOvldes for
fi . D ( . . the defence
1cabons at rogheda, as well as In so short a tune of Dro-
could be done,) and got as Inuch provision into the gheda.
to\\"n as was possible; and then, with the full ap-
H3

Cromwell
tahes
Drogheda
by assault,
and puts
the gar-
rison to
the sword.

102

A SHolt'r VIE"V

l)robation of all the conllllissioners, he Inade choice
of sir Arthur Aston, a catholic, and a soldier of great
experience and reputation, to be governor thereof,
and put a garrison into it of two thousand foot, and
a good regin1ent of horse, all choice men and old
80Jdiers, \vith very Inany gentlelnen and officers of
good name and account, and supplied it with aln-
111unition and all other provisions, as well as the go-
vernor hinlself desired: and having done so, he
lnarched with his horse, and the small remainder of
his foot, to Trym and Kilkenny, whither he had
sent to the lord Inchiquin to bring up as many lnen
as he could out of l\lunster, (now the apprehension
of CrolnweU's landing there was over,) and endea-
voured from all parts to recruit his army, hoping,
before the rebels should be able to reduce any of his
garrisons, to be able to take the field.
It was about the beginning of September when
Cromwell marched out of Dublin, and with his
whole army came before Drogheda: of which the
lord lieutenant was no sooner advertised, than he
came to Trym to watch all opportunities to infest
his quarters; and having a full confidence in the
courage and experience of sir Arthur Aston, and the
goodness and number of the garrison, that the rebels
\vould not be able to get the town by an assault.
But here again he found his expectation disappointed:
the rebels resolved not to lose their time in a siege,
and therefore, as soon as their SUlnmons was re-
jected, they made a breach with their cannon, and
stormed the place; and though they were for sonle
time stoutly resisted, and twice beaten off, in the
end they entered, and pursued their victory with so
Inuch cruelty, that they put the whole garrison to

OF 1
HE s
r...-\.
rE O}i' IRELÀ
D. 103

the sword, not sparing those, upon second thoughts,
to whom in the heat of the action they promised
and gave quarter: so that except sonle few, \y ho,
during the time of the assault, escaped at the other
side of the town; and others, who, by mingling with
the rebels as their own men, so disguised themselves
that they \vere not discovered; there was not an
officer, soldier, or religious person belonging to that
garrison left alive; and all this within the space of
nine days after the enemy appeared before the \valls ;
and \vhen very nlany \vere even glad that they \vere
engaged before a place that was like to be so \vell
defended, and to stop their further progress for that
season of the year.
'rhis, indeed, \vas a nluch greater bIo,,, than that
of Rathnlines, and totally destroyed and lnassacl'ed
a body of above t\VO thousand men, with which, in
respect of the experience and courage of the officers,
and the goodness and fidelity of cOlllnloll luen, the
11larquis would have been glad to have found hinlself
engaged in the field \vith the enelny, though upon
SOlue disadvantages.
lIe had not now left \vith him above seven hun-
dred horse, and one thousand five hundred foot,
whereof SOlne were of suspected faith, and Hlany
new raised lllen; and though the lord Inchiquill
was ready to lllarch towards hinl with a good party
of horse and foot, and the lord viscount .l\fontg0111ery
of the Ardes ,vith the like nUluber of Scots, yet he
had neither nloney to give them one day's pay, nor
provisions to keep them together for twenty-four
hours; the commissioners were either dispersed, or
their orders for collecting money not executed or re-
garded: and when, in these straits, the lord lieute-
H4

lOt

A SHOH,'f VIE'V

nant issued out warrants himself for the raising men
and money, they complained of his breach of the ar-
ticles of the treaty, and talked among themselves of
treating with the enemy; that which was Inost coun-
sellable, and which wise men saw ,vas fittest to be
practised, ,vas to have put all their Inen into garri-
sons, and thereby secured the mpst considerable
places, and therewithal (the winter now approach-
ing) to have prosecuted the levies, and, by good dis-
cipline and exercise of their ßlen, recovered their
spirits against the spring. But, alas! this was not
at all in the marquis's po,ver to do; he was re-
strained by the articles of the treaty frolll making
any new garrisons, and from changing any old go-
vernors without the approbation of the commission-
ers; and he and the cOlnmissioners together had not
credit and power enough with the chief cities and
incorporate towns, which were most worth the keep-
ing, and consequently most like to be attempted by
the rebels, to force or persuade thenl to receive gar-
risons; so \Vexford, \Vaterford, and Limerick, the
Inost considerable and best ports of the kingdom,
declared they would admit no soldiers; nor, indeed,
did they further obey any other orders which were
sent to them, than they thought fit themselves.
If this fatal distemper and discomposure had not
been discovered to be among them, it is not to be
believed that Cromwell (what success soever he had
Inet with) would have engaged his army, which,
with being long at sea, change of air, and much
duty, was Inuch weakened, and had contracted great
sickness in sieges, after the beginning of October:
yet, being encouraged, and, in truth, drawn on, by
the knowledge of this hun10ur and obstinacy of the

O
' 'rHE S'rA'fE OJ:' II{:ELAND. 105

Irish against all ren1edy which could preserve them, Cr
mw
1J
.. 1 e \v .e d h .. besieges
he marched wIth hIs arn1Y JelOre eXIor, t e Cltl- \Vexford.
zens \vhereof appeared willing to make a defence;
albeit they had too long neglected the means thereof,
and were at last (when part of the rebels' arn1Y was
lodged within half ll1usket shot of their walls) con-
tent to receive an assistance of men from the lord
lieutenant, which, upon the first intimation, his ex-
cellency hastened to then1, of the choicest of those
he had left, all catholics, (for that was still insisted
upon,) under the cOffillland of his cousin sir Edn10nd
Butler, a 111an confessedly worthy of a greater charge, -
\vho with some difficulty passed the river into that
})art of the town which the rebels' army could not
invest: but he had not been in the town an hour,
,vhen captain Stafford (who was the governor of the The place
castle, and \vhom the lord lieutenant would have rc-
;t

e
rish
1l10ved fron1 that char g e as not bein g e q ual to it
o\"ernor of
, , the castle.
hut because he was a catholic, and had exercised
that charge during the tÎ1ne that the confederates
were in arlns against the king) gave up the place to
Crolll\vell, and took conditions under hÏ111, and there-
hy gave entrance to him into the town; ,vhere all The garri-
th Id ' II h d d . SOIl basely
e SO leI'S were crue y put to t e s,vor , an SIr murdered.
Edmond Butler himself, endeavouring (\vhen he dis-
covered the treachery) to escape, was killed before
he had been one hour in the town.
Fron1 this torrent of success and corruption, no-
body ,viiI ,yonder that the rebels Inarched then \vith-
out control, and took Rosse and some other places
without any opposition: yet the lllarquis, out of too
deep a sense of the stupidity, waywardness, and in-
gratitude of that people, for whose protection and
defence he had elnbarked hinlself, his fortune, and

106

A 8I-IOR1.' VIE'V

his honour; and whose jealousies and fond oLstinacy
111ade the work of their preservation ßlore difficult
and inlpossible than the powers of their enemies
could do; desired nothing so much as an opportu-
nity to fight the rebels, and either to give some
check to their swollen fortune, or to perish in the
action: and to that purpose drew all his friends to
him, and sent for a1] the forces he could bring toge-
ther from the provinces of Munster and Ulster.
FrOlTI the time that the peace was concluded at
Kilkenny, the lord lieutenant well discerned the
111Îschief he should sustain by being to provide
against the attempts of general Owen O'Neal, as
,veIl as against the English rebels, and that at least
he could hope for no assistance fronl the Scots in
Ulster as long as they feared him; and therefore he
had sent Daniel O'Neal, nephew to the general, to
persuade him to be included in the same peace: but
"he was so unsatisfied with the assembly, that he de-
clared he would háve nothing to do with them, nor
be comprehended in any agreement they should
Inake; but if the marquis would consent to some
conditions he proposed, he would willingly submit
to the king's authority in hin1. The marquis was
content to grant him his own conditions, having in-
deed a great esteem of his conduct, and knowing
the army under his command to be better disciplined
than any other of the Ilish. But the conunissioners
of trust \vould by no means consent to these condi-
tions; and declared, if the lord lieutenant proceeded
thereu pon to an agreement, it would be a direct
breach of the articles of peace: and thereupon Owen
()'N eal Inade that conjunction with l\10nke, which
was before remembered, and about the very time of

O.F 'rHE S'rA'rE 01,' IRELAND. 107

the defeat at Rathmines relieved sir Charles Coote
in Londonderry; and thereby kept the king from
being entirely possessed of the province of Ulster,
which, but for that action, would have been able to
have sent strong supplies of Inen and provisions to
the assistance of the marquis: and it is enough
known, that whilst the lord lieutenant ,vas in any
hopeful condition to prevail against the rebels, the
con1lnissioners of trust and the principal persons of
interest had no mind to agree with general O'Neal,
out of an animosity to his person and party, and in
confidence that the work would be done without
hinI; and others who were of his party had as little
Inind that he should be drawn to a conjunction with
the marquis, because they knew, if he were once
engaged under hiIl1, they should no ll10re be able to

educe hin1 to join with them in any action of sedi-
tion: and upon these reasons, the persons who were
deputed by the comlnissioners to treat with hiIn,
and were known to have an interest in him, on the
one side persuaded Owen O'Neal that the lord lieu-
tenant had already broken the articles of peace, and
that he could have no security that what should be
prolnised should be performed to hilu; and on the
Jther side informed the marquis, that he insisted on

uch extravagant propositions, that the cOllInlission-

rs of trust would never yield to thelll: but after
the an
ival of Cromwell, and his success against
Drogheda, the commissioners of trust thought it
high time to unite with him; and Owen O'Neal
hinlself discerned how unsafe he should be by the
prevailing of the English rebels, who, notwithstand-

ng the signal services performed hy him to thcln,

108

...-\ SIIOIl'f VIE'V

had publicly disowned the agreetllent - ,vhich their
The lord O\Vn officers had made with hinl; and thereupon, by
lieutenant . . . . ., .
treats with the InterposItIon agaIn of DanIel 0 Neal, all parb-
O'Neal. I d 1 h I d I . d
eu ars were agree Jetween t e or Ieutenant an
him, with the consent of the commissioners of trust,
about the time that Crom,vell was before ", exford ;
insonluch that he pronlised within a few days to
bring his arnlY to join with the lord lieutenant,
\vhich (though hitnself lived not to execute it) was
perforu1ed shortly after: so that about the time that
'Vexford was taken, he was not without hope, hy
the advantage of passes, and by cutting off his pro-
visions, to have made Cronl\vell return to Dublin,
very hardly without losing a good part of his arn1Y;
when, on a sudden and together, all the considerable
The towns places in the province of Munster revolted to the
in Munster d
revolt to rebels, and thereby gave them a safe retreat, an
the Eng1ish free P assa g e and necessar y P rovisions of all that
rebels. ,
they \vanted, and harbours for ships to bring all to
them that they could desire. The lord lnchiquin
being so totally betrayed by those officers whom he
trusted most and had n10st obliged, that after he
had in vain tried to reduce thenl by force, he could
not, without 111uch difficulty, obtain the liberty and
}'edelivery of his ,vife and children to hÍlll, 'VhOlll
they had surprised in the city of Cork. This action,
in this fatal conjuncture of tinIe, when the straits
Crol
l,vell ,vas in by the \vinter and want of provi-
sions had raised the spirits of all filen, and when
they looked upon thenlselves as 1ike to have at least
sonle hopeful encounter with him, ,vas not a loss or
blow, hut a dissolution of the whole, frame of their
hopes and designs; and introduced a spirit of jea-

OF TIlE STA'rE OF IHEI
AND. 109

lousy and anÏlllosity into the arnlY, which no dexte-
rity or interest of the ]ord lieutenant could extin-
guish or allay.
Frolll the first hour of the peace, the English and
.Irish had not been \\Tithout that prejudice to\varòs
each other, as gave the Inarquis lnuch trouble; and
they \vere rather incorporated by their obedience
and subnlission to the authority and pleasure of their
suprelue conunan..ders, than united by the saine in-
clinations and affections to any public end; inso-
ßluch, as before the defeat of Rathmines there \vere
In any alnong the Irish who llluch feared the s\vift
success of the arnIY, and apprehended the lord lieu-
tenant's speedy reducing of Dublin would give hin1
ßluch po"
er, and make him more absolute than they
desired to see him, and therefore ,,,,ere nothing sorry
for that ll1Ïsfortune: on the other hand, the Eng-
lish "ere troubled to see the authority and jurisdic-
tion of the 111arquis so restrained and lhnited by t}u 3
articles, and that the army ,vas J1either recruited,
disciplined, nor provided for as it ought to be, solely
by his want of po\ver, and they had a very lo\v opi-
nion of the spirit and courage of the Irish: but no,,",
upon this defection in l\lunster, there ,vas a deter-
nlÍnatÍon of all confidence and trust in each other:
the Irish declaring that they suspected aU the Eng-
lish nation, and made the treachery of those who so
infamously had betrayed thcir trust, an unreasonaLlt.1
tlrgunlent for their jealousy of tho
c \vho relnained
in the army; \vho, being a J}andful of gallant n1pn,
and of tll0St unshaken fidelity to the king, \\?crt' in-
deed, ill respect of their courage and experience in
\var, the party to be principally depended upon in

...

Cromwell
marches
towards
'Vexford.

110

A SHORT VIE'Y

anr action or encounter, and of \vhich only the
enelny had had any apprehension.
Though the season of the year (for it was no",
to\vards the end of Noven1her) and the sickness that
was in the rebels' ar01Y made it high time for thenl
to betake theulselves to their \vinter quarters, and
such \vas their resolution; yet Cron1"'"ell being ,veIl
informed of this present distelnper an10ngst those
who Inade up the \"hole strength the lord lieutenant
,vas to trust to, and kno\ving that the clergy had
the full dominion in all the incorporate to\vns and
places of ilnportance, and \vould keep the people
frolll sublnitting to those expedients ,vhich could
only preserve them, he resolved to Inake one at-
tempt Inore; and so Inarched with his army, COll-
sisting of about t\VO thousand horse and near five
thousand foot, to\vards Waterford. This \vas the
tÏlne when he encamped near Thomasto,,'"n, \vithin
the distance of two or three miles of the marquis;
and \vith \vhich they have since reproached hitn, in
some printed discourses, as an opportunity he volun-
tarily omitted and declined, when he lnight have
fought ,,-ith the rebels upon an advantage of ground,
and an equality of nunlbers: whereas the truth is
kno\vn to be, that (not,vithstanding the jealousy and
discomposure of the hunlolu.s in his army, being
upon the tilDe of the defection in 1\1 unster, and in-
equality in the nlllllbers and quality of the Inen; for
the rebels had near double the nUlnber of horse, and
were superior in foot) the luarquis had a resolution
to give battle to thein, conceiving that these disad-
\rantages and extrelne hazards ,,-ere reasonably to
be preferred to those ,vhich he foresa\\
he should be

OF THE

rArrE O
-, IREl
AND. 111

forced to undergo ,,"ithout fighting: but the very Why t.he .
d . b 1 . Th marqUIs dad
morning before they rew up In atta la near 0- not fight
. C. · f 1 CromweU"s
n1astown, upon the Inlormatlon 0 severa persons, army.
who pretended to have seen the enenlY Il1arch toward

Kilkenny, which was ,vithin the Sail1e distance of the
place where they were èncamped, or nearer than to
that w)lere he \vas; and the garrison being dra"rn
out thence, to strengthen the arlny for the encoun-
ter they expected, the marquis 1l1arched \yith all th(

horse, ,vith as much speed as l11ight be, to put bitn-
self between the to,vn and the rebels, and so was
absent 'v hen they discovered then1 to be dra\vl1 up
on the hill: and if he had been there, there ,va:"; a
river between them, ,vhich (if he would have fought)
he 1l1USt have passed by a bridge, 'v here n10re than
three could not have marched abreast, up an hill,
upon the steep rising whereof the rebels had planted
thenlselves in order of battle; so that, if all other
considerations had been away, he could never have
thought it reasonable to have engaged his arn1r
upon so manifest a disadvantage.
Fronl hence Croln,vell marched to ,\r aterford, Cromwel1
k . h h . Id marches to
nowing \vell enoug t at the nlarqUJS COli not besiege 'Va-
keep the slna11 body he had together two days; t<'rf
d.
\vhich \vas very true; for having not money enough
to give thelll half a week's pay, nor provision to
serve then1 four and t\venty hours, he was compelled Lord lieu-
ffi h . tt'nant
to su er t e greater part of thenl to "go to theIr forced to
t h h I d I "'. V disband his
qual' ers : 0'" ever e was reso ve not to eave t a- army, but
terford to the enemy, though they had so obstinately F
;

e
e_
and disobediently refused to receiv
a garrison, ,vhich fence of
". aterford.
,,"ould have prevented their present pressure; \vhere-
as they ,vere now closely besieged to their walls on
all that side of the town \vhich lay to lVlunster, the

11

A SHOR1.' VIE'"

Cromwell
obliged to
raise the
siege.

other being open, to be relieved by the river of Shure.
,vhich there severs Leinster fron1l\lunster,and washes
the \\ralIs of the to,vn on that side. The inhabitants.
seeing destruction at their doors, abated so ll1uch of
their former luadness, as to be willing to receive a
supply of soldiers, yet under a condition, that they
Inight be all of the old Irish of Ulster, \vho, under
the comn1and of Owen O'Neal, had longest opposed
the king's authority, (and were now ne,vly joined
with the marquis;) and in express terms refused to
receive any of their own neighbours and kindred,
the confederate Irish catholics of Munster or Lein-
ster, to the great offence and scandal of that part of
the nation, \\Thich had been as zealous for their reli-
gion as any. Ho,vever, since there was no other
way to preserve theIn, the lord lieutenant ,vas con-
tent to conlply even ,vith that humour, and so choos-
ing a strong party of near fifteen hundred lnen, and
putting t.hem under the cOlnlnand of lieutenant ge-
neral Farrell, who ,vas the 1110st acceptable to thein.
his excellency himself 111arched ,vith theIn, and put
them into the town; w-hich he had no sooner done,
than Cron1well found it convenient to raise his siege;
and shortly after betook hÏ1nself to his winter-quar-
ters.
It ,vas the month of Deceinber, and a season, ,vith
frost and sno,v, as uneasy as that time of the year,
in that cold country, hath at any time produced:
yet the marquis having left the town, as h
thought,
full of the sense of the late benefit and preservation
,vhich they had received froIl} him, and designing to
employ this tillle both in fortifying Waterford, and
providing it better to resist the enelTI y, before they
should be able to Jllake another atteJnpt upon it, and

()F 1-
HE STATE OF IItELAND. 113

like\vise in reducing Rosse and \Vexford, and all
other places which the rebels had taken, and left
hut weakly Inanued and provided, he dre\v his forces
together, and leaving theln on the other side of the
river Shure, hiinself, \vith a train only of forty or
fifty horse, consisting of his friends and servants,
,vent into the to\vn, presuming that he should he
ahle to persuade then} to sulullit to and join in \vhat-
soever should manifestly appear to he for their own
henefit and advantage. \Vhen he caIne into.' the
to\vn, he found lieutenant general Farrell engaged
j n a design to take Passage, a place seized on by Desi;{n
- . d 11 pOll I)as-
(,jroln\vell, after he had retIred froin \Vaterfor , anù sage.
\vhich was an inconvenient neighlJour to that city:
colonel \Vogan, ,vho had been seasonably sent by
the Inarquis into Duncannon, (even \vhen the first
governor placed there by the confederate catholics
,vas ready to deliver it up to the rebels,) and who
had \vith notahle courage defended it against Croln-
wpll, and in the end, after the loss of a great num-
her of his men, compelled hin} to retire, had agreed
to Ineet lieutenant general Farren at a place and
house appointed, and together to fall upon Passage.
'fhough the marquis had not he en informed of the
fortH and contrivance of the design, yet he knc\v
well enough what interpretation \vould be nlade if
his interposition, or cOlnmand, or wariness should
divert it: he \vas therefore very \villing that it
should proceed, the matter, if ,veIl laid, and carried
\vith secrecy, being hopeful enough. Lieutenant
general Farrell had not been n1arched fro 111 the
to,vn many hours, when the nlarquis discovered,
fl'Oln SOllie place of prospect in the to \\'11 , a strong
party of horse marching in gooù order, the way that
VOL. VIII. 1

114

A SHORT VIEW

led to Passage; \v hich belonging to the rebels, Inade
him conclude that they had notice of the design:
\v hereupon he presently sent for the mayor of the
to\vn, and she\ving hinl the inevitable danger their
whole party was in, which was the only strength
against any enterprise of the enem}", (if they were
not instantly relieved,) required him presently to
send some boats over to the other side of the river,
for the transporting a regiment or two of his horse,
with which he would himself endeavour to rescue
thenl.
How apparent soever the danger and mischief
was, and how visible and natural soever the remedy,
all the commands and entreaties he could use, could
not prevail to get one boat, nor their consent that
any of his horse should be suffered to march through
the to\vn, without which they could not go to their
relief. When he had in vain tried all ways to con-
vince and persuade them, he caused all his own
friends and servants (which, as was said before,
amounted not to above forty or fifty) to mount their
horses, and \vith all imaginable haste led them hinl-
self to,vards Passage, that he might at least dis-
cover, though he was not like to prevent, the loss
The mar- that was like to ensue. When he came \vithin sight
(I uis re-
lieves Far- of the town, he could discern a party of foot march-

:

sa

e ing with great haste and disorder towards hinl, be-
rl
;s;:
e

ing pursued by the rebels' horse, who had even over-
with a very taken thenl, having fallen upon the relnainder, and
small party.
either killed thelll upon the place, or taken thelll
prisoners. Though the conlpany that attended the
nlarquis was too few to encounter the rebels with
any considerable hope, yet he drew them up in
that nlanner on the side of a hill, that the enemy,

()F 'l'HE STATE OF IREI..AND. 115

imagining their numbers to be lTIQre considerable,
thought fit to lessen their pace, and to send a small
party to discover; which being again entertained
by the like number in light skirn1ishes, the foot as
ß1uch itnproving their lnarch, they were in the end,
by the marquis's frequent exposing his own person
to retard the rebels' pursuit, preserved: and so he
hrought back with him into the town about half
those which had marched thence, and which had
heen infallibly destroyed if he had not taken even
that desperate course to redeem them; as he might
as surely have recovered all the others who were
nlade prisoners, and defeated all that body of the
rebels, and consequently taken Passage, if the city Unseason-
ld h . d I . h h b able ou-
won ave pernutte lIS orse to ave een trans- stinacy of
} )orted over the river and to h'lve D1arched throu g h the citizens
, C of \Vater-
it. ford.
The 111arquis was, by this last experÏlnent, suffi.- The lord
. I . d h . . bl 0 Id I lieutenant's
Clent y conVInce ow ImposSI e It wou JC to per- designs ou-
d t h ( J . h . I d b h structed hy
sua e , e to\vn w uc was entIre y governe y t e the inftu-
cler gy) to suffer an y P art of his arln y to enter into enc
of the
popish
it, which, in ll1any respects, and especially for finish- clergy.
ing their works and fortifications, had been very
necessary; on the other side, without the counte-
ance and security of the to\vn, and bringing his
arlny over the river, it \vas as Ílnpossible to prose-
cute his design for the reduction of Passage, and
those places lnentioned before. He desired there-
fore no more of theIn, than that they would be con-
tent that his arlny might for a little time be hutted.
under their walls; where they should receive their
provisions and pay duly out of the country, and so
should be a security and benefit to the town, with.
out the least damage in any degree. But this pro-
I 2

116

A SHORT VIEW

position found no more regard than the former;
and, instead of consulting with what circumstances
to cOlnply with so just and necessary a demand úf
the king's lieutenant, it ,vas proposed, in the coun-
cil of the to,vn, to seize on his person, and to fall on
all that belonged to him, as enemies; which advice
met with no other reprehension, than that for the
present the major part did not consent to it. Of all
which, when the marquis was fully informed, he
thought it tilne to depart from thence, and to leave
them to their own imaginations; and so marched
a,vay with his army, which, after this indignity, it
His army was a thing impossible to keep together, all the
separates.
troops removing to those quarters where there was
some nleans for their subsistence: himself ,vent to
his castle at Kilkenny, from ,vhence he despatched
an account to the king, (\v ho ,vas then in his island
of Jersey,) of the true state of his affairs in that
kingdolll; by which his nlajesty nlight see how
much his re1)els, who disclaiuled any subjection to
hinl, prevailed against his authority, and how it was
equally contenlned, and deluded, or disregarded by
his subjects, who made all profession of obedience
and duty to him; ,vhich ,vas a lllethod those ill
tÏInps had made his Inajesty too well acquainted
with: and fronl this time (\vhich was in the month
of Decenlber, 1649) the Dlarquis never did nor ever
could dra,v together into one body the number of
five hundred lnen: ,vhat endeavours he used to do
jt, win be 111entioned in order hereafter.
Lon] lieu- As soon as the lord lieutenant caDle to Kilkenny,
tenant ex- I . ] } . . f ( . h
postulates he consultec 'Vlt 1 t Ie conlnliSSloners 0 trust, WIt -
with the h b . d h ld d
commis- out W ose appro ation an consent e cou 0 no
sioners of act that ,vas of iUl p ortance, ) what ren1edies to 3 1 ) p l,,"
trmt. J

OF rrHE S1."A r rE OF IRELAND. 117

to the strange disorder and confusion which spread
itself over their affairs. They had still been present
witnesses of all his actions, of his un\vearied pains
and industry, and of the little fruit that was reaped
by it; how his orders and commands, and their
own, had been neglected and disobeyed in an those
particulars, \vithout \vhich an army could not be
brought or kept together; how those places \vhich
the rebels had possessed thenlselves of had been, for
the most part, lost by their o\vn obstinate refusal to
receive such assistance from him, as was absolutely
necessary for their preservation; and yet they had
raised most unreasonable imputations and reproaches
on hiln, as if he had failed in thcir defence and re-
licf: they had seen the wonderful and even insup-
portable wants and necessities the arnly'had ah\'a)'8
undergone, and kne\v ,veIl how all \varrants had
been disobeyed, for the bringing in of 1110ncy or pro-
visions for the supply thereof; and yet their country
was fulJ of claulour and discontent for the paynlcnt
of taxes, and bcing exhausted \vith contributions, he
dcsired theln therefore to exanline \vhere any n1is-
denlcanors had in truth beèn, that they luight be
punished; and froDI \vhence the scandals and ca-
IUlnnic
proceeded, that the luinds of the people
Inight he illfol"lned and C0l11posed. ".fhe C0111ßlis-
sioners hat!, for the 1nost part, very diligently and
faithfully intended the service from the bcginning,
according to the trust reposed in them; yet there
\\ ere
onlC alllong thenl too able and dexterous in
husinc
s, "rho always lualigncd the person of the
Inarquis, or rather his religion, and the authority he
represented; and, what professions soevcr they Inade.
I 3

118

A SHORT VIEW

of respect to him, still maintained a close intelli-
gence and correspondence with those of the clergy,
who were mo:;t disaffected to his majesty's interest,
and who, from the misfortune at Rathmines, had
underhand fomented and cherished all the ill hu-
mours and jealousies of the people.
c:omm
s- d The commissioners advised the mar q uis, as the
slOners 8 -
vice t
the best expedient to satisfy the country, that orders
marqUIs. .
mIght be sent to then1 to elect sOlne few persons
among themselves, to send to Kilkenny as agents,
to represent those grievances which were most
heavy on them, and to offer any desires that Inight
promote their security; alleging, that they could by
this means be clearly informed how groundless their
jealousies were, and the artifices would be dis-
covered which had been used to corrupt their affec-
tions. Though the marquis well knew how tedious
and inconvenient this course might prove, aJ1d ra

ther advance all the scandalous and seditious de-
signs than suppress them; yet he foresaw as well,
that if it were declined by him, he should be un-
avoidably reproached with not being "rilling to be
informed of the just grievances of the people, and
consequently not to remedy thenl; and therefore,
without giving countenance to any such irregular
conventions by any formal sunUl10ns of his own, he
gave way that the commissioners should write their
Agents letters to that purpose: and accordingly agents did
from the
countries conle thither from several counties, to communicate
to represent d h . I . d d · h .
pretended an present t eu" comp alnts an esrres toget er In
grievances. January follo\ving; and the lord lieutenant received
then1 \vith good countenance, and \vished thelu
freely to consult together, and as soon as they could,

OF THE S1:'A TE OF IRELAND. 119

to present whatever they had to say to him; to
which they should be sure to receive a speedy an-
s,ver.
In the mean time, the bishops and clergy of them- Assembly of
.. the Irish
selves, and without any authorIty receIved or de- clergy.
sired from the lord lieutenant, assembled at Clan-
macnois, upon the river of Shannon; upon whose
counsels and conclusions all men's eyes were nlore
fixed than upon what the agents should represent at
Kilkenny; it being very evident that, notwithstand-
ing almost all the whole catholic nobility of the
kingdom, and all the principal persons of quality
and interest, heartily concurred with the marquis;
and the commissioners of trust, for the most part,
were as zealous for the execution and observation of
the articles of peace, and that the same might he
rendered useful to the nation; yet the clergy and
religious persons had found means to obstruct that
union, which \vas necessary for the carrying on the
,york, and especially had that influence upon the Their per-
t h · h ld I · d nicious in-
corporate owns, t at no garrIson s oU >e reCeIVe fluence on
there, or such subnlission paid to the lord lieute- the people.
nant's or the commissioners' orders, as was essential
to their own defence, and to the making war against
the rebels; so that all n1en were in suspense \v hat
\vould be the issue of that me.eting: and it cannot
be denied, but that those bishops and that part of
the clergy which \vere best affected, and kne\v the
\vays that were most conducing to the happiness of
their country, prevailed so far, that the conclusions
which \vere then Inade \vere full of respect to the
king's service, and of \vholesome advice and counsel
to the people: they declared, " ho\v vain a thing it
" was to Ï1uagine that there could be any security
I 4

l
O

A SHOlt'r VIE'\V

" for the exercise of their religion, for the enjoy-
" ment of their fortunes, or for the preservation of
"their lives, by any treaty \vith, or promise frol11
"the English rebels; that they abhorred all the
"factions, animosities, and divisions, which raged
" an10ng themselves, to the hinderance of the public
" service; and therefore enjoined all the clergy, of
" what quality soever, and ecclesiastical persons, by
" preaching, and all other \vays, to incline the peo-
"pIe to an union of affections, and to the laying
" aside all jealousies of each other, and unanimously
" to concur in the opposing the COlnmon enenlY, and
" appointed the bishops and other superiors to pro-
" ceed \\,ith great severity against those religious
" and spiritual persons, ,vho should underhand che-
" rish and fonlent those jealousies and divisions:"
in a word, they said so n1uch and so well, that
Then
the lord lieutenant ,vas inforo1ed of it, and sa,v the
extract of their detern1inations, he conceived some
hope that it might indeed make sonle good ilnpres-
sion on the people, and produce very good effects.
The agents froln the country spent SOlne tiIne at
Kilkenny in preparing the heads of such grievances
as they thought fit to present to the lord lieutenant,
\vho called still upon thenl to despatch; but upon
CompJaints conference ,vith the gravest of the conlnlissioners,

: f

c
;

- they found ho\v groundless all those slanders were,
he ground- \vhich the y had believed before the y caUlC thiU)cr
Jess. '
and so could not agree upon any particulars to C0111-
plain of: besides, they 111ct ,\rith sonle disturbance
there. CroHlwell, ,veIl kno\\ring how the sll1all
forces \vere scattered abroad, Inarched ,vith a strong
party towards the to\vn; \vith \\rhich the agents
,verc so alarlned, that they \vould no longer stay

OF THE STATE OF IltELAND. 121

there, but desired the l11arquis to let them adjourn
to Ennis, in the county of Clare; \vhich they did:
and though they Inet there, yet they never agreed
on the draught of any grievances to be presented,
though they lllade that ill use of their meeting to
propagate the scandals and imputations which had
been groundlessly raised, and to inflalne the people
by the sanIe untruths. Notwithstanding this alarnl
and danger the lord lieutenant's person and the
town \vere really in, all the power "and authority
he had could not, in ten days, dra\v five hundred
men together to resist the enenlY; however, the
to,vnsnlen appeared so ready and prepared for their
defence, and the lnarq uis putting all his o\vn friends r
'hc lord
.. IJt-'l\h:
lIallt
and servants on horseback, wIth whIch he made a with au ju-
t f 1 t h d d I k d . th d (
onsidera-
roop 0 a JOU an un re , 00 re \VI so goo a hIe force
countenance upon the enemy, that he retired: and U c LJiges
romwell
shortly after the lord lieutenant cOlnmitted the to draw 011
, fwm Kil-
charge of the place and the country adjacent to the kenlJ)'.
carl of Castlehavcn, and went hinlself upon a more
itnportant business to Linlerick.
'fhough the rebels (by the faction and obstinacy The pro-
f h I h 11 h . 1 . I
rl'SS of the
o t e peop e, \V 0 COU ( not Ithcrto Je Ill<. ueed to 1
lJgljsh rc-
Inakc a reasonable l )rovision for defence ) had l )re- hels f)wj
J

to the dIn.
vailcd very far, and J)ossessecl thell1Selvcs of luany sj()HSamong
the Irish.
good places without any considerable opposition, yet
there remained a good }Jart of the kingdonl free
fronl thcir po\ver; the ,vholc province of Connaught
,vas still entire, anù the cities of Limerick and Gal..
way in the possession of the catholics; \vhich 111ight
he n1ade so strong as not to fear any strength the
rehels could bring hefore thcln, and are so situated
for all advantages of the sea, that they might, being
,veIl supplied, Inaintain a \var against the \vhole

I

A SI-IORT VIE\V

kingdom: there \vere men enough, so that there
wanted only order and resolution to preserve thenl-
Lord lieu- selves. The marquis resolved to begin with Lime-
tenant en- . k d . f · ·
dea\'ours to riC ; an I he could dIspose that CIty to a full obe-
flresen"e d . d t . · h d
Limerick. lenCe, an 0 receIve a garrIson, e ma e no ques-
tion, not only to fortify it against any attempt of
the enemy, but, under the countenance of it, and by
the security of the river of Shannon, to quarter his
troops, raise contribution for their support, discipline
his lnen, and in effect, by the spring, so to recruit
his army, that he Inight give battle to the rebels
wherever he should engage: and to this purpose he
went himself thither from Kilkenny, in the month
of January, hoping that the good resolution of the
bishops at Clanmacnois had well prepared the peo-
ple to comply \vith him. But when he came thi-
ther, albeit he was received with outward demon-
strations of respect, he found the temper not such
as he desired. '\Vhatever the bishops had declared,
the clergy had observed none of those directions,
nor were any in so much credit as they who be-
haved themselves quite contrary to those detern1Ïna-
tions; and if no way could be found out to allay
this spirit, all his endeavours, he saw, \vould be
without any fruit: whereupon he resolved to try
whether that part of the clergy which wished well
to the kingdonl, could use as efficacious means to
preserve it, as the others, who desired confusion, did
to destroy it; and upon advice with the principal
persons of the catholic nobility, and with the conl-
missioners of trust, he did, about the end of Fe-
bruary, by letters, desire as many of the catholic bi-
shops as were within any convenient distance, to
meet hin1 at LÍ111
rick, which they accordingly did.

OF 'l
HE STATE OF IRELAND. 1
3

'Vhen they came thither, he conferred with them, Conference
· · f . } with the
in the presence of the commISSIoners 0 trust, WIt I commis-
h d . d d d . · · t d sioners of
all frankness, upon t e Istracte an ISJoIn e trust.
state of affairs, and freely told them, " that without
" the people might be brought to have a full confi-
" dence in him, and yield a perfect obedience to
"him, and without the city of Limerick might be
" persuaded to receive a garrison and obey his or-
" ders, it was not to be hoped that he could be able
"to do any thing considerable against the rebels:
" he desired them therefore, if they had a mistrust
" of him, or dislike of his government, that they
" would as clearly let him know it; assuring them,
" that such ,vas his desire of the people's preserva-
" tion, that there was nothing in his power, con-
" sistent with his duty to the king, and agreeable
" with his honour, that he would not do at their de-
" sire fur that end;" withal letting theln see, " that
" his continuance ,vith the naIl1e, and not with the
" po,ver of lord lieutenant, çould bring nothing but
" ruin upon the nation, as well as dishonour upon
" hitn: so that he propounded unto them in plain
" tcruls, either that they would procure a due obe-
"dicIlcc to be yielded unto hÍ1n, or propose some
" other \vay, ùy his quitting the kingdom, ho\v it
" might be preserved."
After consultation together, they returned with
Inany expressions of respect and affection to his per-
son, and faithfully pron1Íscd to endeavour the pro-
curing all that obedience he desired; withal, pre-
senting unto him a paper of advice, which con-
tained, as they said, certain renlcdics for removing
the di
('ontcnts and disgusts of the people, and for
the advancing his majesty's service: anlongst which

1
4

A SHOR
r VIE\V

they proposed, "that a privy council might be
" franled of the peers and other the natives of the
" kingdom, as well spiritual as temporal, to sit daily
" with him, and detern1Íne all the weighty affairs of
"the country by their counsel;" and many other
particulars concerning the raising of men' and con-
ducting the ,val";' to everyone of which the Inarquis
gave them an ans\ver in writing: anlongst which
he told theIn, " that he could not understand how
" the present distresses of the kingdoln could pro-
" ceed fron1 the want of a privy council, nor ho\v
" the fralning such a council could advantåge the
" nlanagement of the war, \vhich by the articles of
" the peace was to be done by the cOlnlnissioners of
" trust, with whonl he did al\vays C0l11nlUnicate all
"matters of Ï1nportance; and therefore he could
" not think fit unnecessarily to presußle upon do-
" ing a thing for which he had neither po\ver nor
" precedent, the nomination of all persons to be of
"the privy council being ahvays reser\red by the
" king to hiI11self;" yet, rather than there should
he wanting any thing that \vas in his po\ver to sa-
tisfy the people in, he \vished "that the particular
" acts which the privy council had heretofore done,
" and 'v ere no\v necessary to be done, nlight be in-
" stanced; and so far forth as should appear neces-
" sary and fit, he would qualify persons free frou1
"just exceptions ,vith such po\vers:" and so an-
swered all their propositions, that they seenled to be
well satisfied there\vith; and thereupon published a
declaration, in which they professed, " that they di

" and \vould endeavour to root out of men's hearts
" all jealousies and sinister opinions, conceived either
"against his excellency, or the present govern.,.

OF 'fHE S1'A TE OF IREI-AAND. 125

" nlcnt:" and they entreated him ,,' to give thenl
" further instructions;" declaring, " that they were
" not deterred by the want of expected good sue
" cess in the affairs of the kingdom, but rather ani-
!' 1l1ated to give further onsets, and to try all other
" pos
ible ,vays:" and did faithfully promise, " that
" no industry or care should be wanting in thenl to
" receive and execute his directions."
\Vhen the marquis first proposed to the commis-
sioners of trust that LiInerick and other places
nlight be garrisoned and fortified, he offered them
the nanles of three persons of the Roman catholic
reHgion, and of en1inent quality, reputation, and
fortunes, that out of them they nlight choose one
for the conlrnand of LÎlnerick; but resolving after-
,vards to call this assen1hly of the bishops thither,
anù to be there himself in person, he deferred the
proceeding further in it till then, that ,vith their
(nvn advice such a person Inight be chosen for that
important charge, as should be beyond any possi-
hi]ity of a just exception froln that corporation.
No\v he took all the imaginary pains, and descended
to all the' arts of persuasion, to satisfy those of the
city, "7ho Ilc perceived "
ere the Inost leading men,
of the necessity of their speedy receiving a governor
and a garrison, for the preservation of their o,vn
interest, and ,vhatsoever could be of value \vith any
people: but he ,vas so fllr fro111 prevailing ,vith Ingratitude
.. of the hi..h
them, that they pcrfornled not those out\vard clvIli- to the J(Ju]
t . I h . I . I I I b . Jieutenant.
1<:8 an( respects to un, ,v lIC} la( een In no other
place denied. The officer \vho conunanded the city
guards neither canle to hinl for orders, nor inlparted
them to hint. No officer of the arnlY or other pfil'SOn
could, ,vithout special leave fronl the Inayor, (,vhich
,

1!!6

A SHORT VIEW

was often very hardly obtained,) be admitted to
come to his presence, to receive his commands and
directions for resisting and opposing the rebels, who
at that very time prevailed in the very county of
Limerick itself; and to publish yet more the con-
tempt they had of the king's authority, they com-
mitted to prison the viscount KillmaUock, a catholic
peer of the, reaInl, and an officer of the arl11Y, (the
lord lieutenant hilnself being upon the place,) for no
other reason than for quartering for one night some
few horse under his COffi111and, by the marquis's own
orders, within the liberties of that city.'" ,
All this being done so contrary to the injunctions
\vhich the bishops had published for the direction of
the people, and at a time when they were assembled
there, and when he despaired of persuading them to
what so absolutely concerned their proper safety,
the marquis believed it would not be agreeable to
the honour of his master to remain any longer in a
place, where such affronts and con tempts were put
upon his authority; and yet being willing still to
expect some good effects from the obser.vation and
discretion of the bishops, who could not but discern
what ruin must immediately attend such licence and
disobedience, he appointed aU the said bishops, and
as many more as could be persuaded to come thi-
ther, and the commissioners, to D1eet hÍ1n some few
days after at Loghl"eah, 'v here about the 19th of
March they attended accordingly.
Represen- When the y a p peared a g ain at Loghreah, the mar-
tatioo of
the lord quis represented to their memories, " what they b
-
lieutenant . d b
to th
Irish." fore had been themselves witnesses of, an 0-
" served ,at Limerick, and the neglects he had borne
" there; and desired them to remove these cause-

OF TIlE STA_TE OF IRELAND. 1
7

"less distrusts, which (being maliciously infused
" into the people's minds) did slacken, if not wholly
" withdraw their obedience from his majesty's au-
" thority; wished them to consider how impossible
" it ,vas for him, with honour, or any hope of suc-
"cess, to contend against a powerful, absolutely
" obeyed, and plentifully supplied enemy; himself
" being under such domestic disadvantages of dis-
"trusts and disobedience:" and concluded, " that
" if the consequence of the service could not induce
" them to be all of one mind in putting a garrison
" into Limerick, or if (being of one mind) they could
"not induce the city to obedience and submission
"to such their deternlination, he could no longer
" entertain a hope of giving any check to the suc-
" cess of the enemy, and ,vould thereupon consider
" how otherwise to dispose of himself:"
Roth the bishops and the cOin missioners were
}.cally (or at least seemed) so entirely convinced of
the necessity of erecting that garrison, and of put-
ting that city into a better posture of defence than
at that tÌlne it appeared to be in, that the commis-
sioners, in ,vhonI that trust ,vas reposed by the ar-
ticles of the peace, ordered it to be done; and sent
t\\7'O of their mC111bers ,vith their order to Limerick,
and ,vith a letter to the mayor to conform there-
unto; and the bishops ,vrote to the archbishop of
Cashel and the bishop of Limerick, both then at
Limerick, desiring them " to use their utmost en-
" dcavours to incline the city to subnlit 'to the di-
" rections of the lord lieutenant, and the commis-
" sioners:" and baving done this, they departed to
tho
e places they thought fit, to dispose the people
(as they professed) to all acts of conformity and oLe--

lQ8

A SHORT VIE\V

,(lienee. But the commissioners in a short tillle rc-
turned from LÌlnerick, without having in any de-
gree prevailed ,vith thell1 to receive either a gover-
nor or garrison, or to conforn1 then1selves to any or-
ders that the lord lieutenant or the conI missioners
should send to theIn, other\vise than as they agreed
with their own .inclinations: instead of n1aking
choice of anyone of those three who were nOllli-
nated to them for their governor, all of the Roman
catholic religion, of very considerable interest in the
kingdon1, and of great reputation; they upon the
matter declared that they would keep that power
Fatal jea- in their o,vn hands; and for the receivin!!' of a g ar-
JOllsi('s of <.J
the Irish. rison, they proposed some particulars, what men of
the Irish catholics they would receiv
, and what they
,vould not; ,vhat course should be taken for the
support of theIn, and through what hands it should
pass; and many other things directly contrary to
the articles of the peace which had been with soleu1-
nity proclainled in that city, and to ,vhich they had
professed all sublnission.
Lord lieu-. All this P erverseness obstinac y and in g ratitude
tenant per- ".'
Se\'t>fCS in could not yet extinguish the affection and con1pas-
his loyal
endeavours. sion which the marquis had towards then1; and he
clearly discerned that it proceeùed not fro111 a spirit
that was enclosed and confined within those wans,
hut that it was the saOle that was ,vorking gene-
rally in other places: he ,vas well enough satisfied
that they, who ,vere most passionately possessed
with it, had no correspondence with the English re-
hels, nor had a mind to be subjected to their po,ver ;
he was ,villing therefore to believe that they had
fancied and imagined sOlne expedient to thelTIselves
for their own preservation, ,vhich could not fall

ù}1
'l'HE srl'ATE OF In.EI
AND. 129

within his conlprehension; and that they Inight have
contracted SOlne prejudice to his person, or to his
religion, \vhich lllight keep thenl from such an union
and confidence as they might be reduced to under
son1e catholic, who might be as zealous to prcservp
his majesty's interest, and to recover the kingdonl
to his obedience; and he ,vas the more confirnled in
this apprehension, by revolving the several passages
which had happened at his heing at Linlerick, dur-
ing the tÎ1ne that they seenled to pay hÍ1n 111uch re-
spect: the lord lnchiquin had been then \\
ith hil11,
to\vards \\ThOln they had observed the l11arquis had
a great confidence anù friendship, (as he \vell de-
served;) sonle principal persons of the city, and \vith
then1 some of the bishops, had, under the shon' of
great confidence and trust, repaired to the lord lieu-
tenant, and declared to hiln, that all that indisposi-
tion and way\vardness in the people proceeded frollI
the prejudice they had against the lord Inchiquin,
,vho had al ways, they said, prosecuted the "Tar against
thenl with the 1110st rigour and aninlosity; and those'
places and persons ,vho had been nlost at his devo...
tion ha\;ing treacherously revolted to the rebels, the
people were not confident of hill1, and jealous that
he had too great an intere
t in the Inarquis; so that
oolish po-
. f } I ,] d . . h I 1 d t . ht"" of tht'
1 Ie ,vou u lSlllLSS t at 01"(, an (lschargc the lri:h,
troops' which yet relnaincd unùer his cOllllnand, (and
of \vhich SOllIe frequently ran ét\vay to the rebels,)
Hot only that city, but the \vhole nation ,voulù, as
one tuan, be at his disposal.
"Thilst these insinuations \\Tcre thus devised to
the lord lieutenant, other persons (and those as lead-
ing Inen \vith an equal nUluher of the bishops) ap-
plied theulselves to tlle lord I nchiquin, and told hilu,
VOL. VII I. K

130

A SHORT VIE\V

" that whilst the affairs ,vere conducted by the l11a1'-
" quis of Orlnond, they expected no good fortune;
" that they looked upon hin1 as not of their nation,
" and one so solicitous for the English interest, and
" for all Englishmen, that he was nothing regardful
" of theirs; that his lordship was of the most ancient
" extraction of Ireland, and under that notion looked
"upon \vith great affection and reverence by the
" Irish; and if the government and command \vere
"exercised by him, there would be such an obedi-
"ence paid to him, that he would in a short time
" grow strong enough to oppose the enemy, and to
" recover his country." \Vhen these two lords had
communicated each to other (as they quickly did)
the excellent address that had been rnade to theIn,
and agreed together how to draw on and encourage
the proposers, that they might discover as llluch of
their purposes as ,vas possible, they easily found
their design was to be rid of them both; and when
they perceived, by the continuance of the saIne
friendship, that they had conu11unicated with each
other, they less disselnbled towards both, but Pl:O-
ceeded with those disrespects which are 111entioned
before.
The marquis having sadly reconsidered all this,
and that nothing 111ight remain unatten1pted by hiln,
that he could possibly in1agine nlÎght tend in any
degree to the recovery or preservation of the king-
dotu, he appointed a second n1eeting to be at Logh-
reah, and summoned thither all the catholic bishops,
as many of the nobility as could \vith any security
come thither, the chief gentlemen of quality of the
parts adjacent, and the principal officers of the army;
and being met together, he gåve then1, in the first

O}i
TI-IE
'l
A 'l
E Ol? IREJ-AAND. 13]

place, an allS\Ver in writing to the grievancps \vhich
had been presented to hinl at the former llleeting,
in \vhich he made it evident, " ho,v much they were Lorrllieu-
tenant's 1\11-
" mistaken in IUUClt of the luatters of fact: that ,vhat swer to tilt:
II . d d . l .c tJ Iri
h prp-

'was rea y amISS procee e entIre y Ironl len1- tended

'selves, and their not observing the orders and gri('\,ancei.
" rules they were bound by; and could not be pre-
" vented by hitn, \vho consented to all the good and
-, practicable ways proposed by thel11selves for rc-
" medying the like for the future. He remcll1bered
"them of the pains he had taken, of the proposi-
-, tions he had made, of the orders he had given

, and of the neglects, disobedience, and affronts h('
" had received; by which alone the rebels had Inade
" that progress in their success. He she\vcd thenl
-, a letter he had lately received from his lllaster thl
" king, bearing date the second of February, frolll

, Jersey, in answer to one he had written to his
" nlajesty in December, to give hitn an account of
" the ill state of the kingdonl, and the carriage of

, the city of , Vater ford, then ne\vly, to hitn," which
is set down at large before; upon peru sal \v hcreof
his lllajesty had in this letter signified his pleasure
to him, " that in case of the continuance of that dis-
" obedience in the people, and contelll1)t of his au-
"thority, his lieutenant should \vithdra\v hhllself
"and his majesty's authority out of the kingdolu:
" he told theIn, that having received so little effect
.. of all the pains he had taken, and so ill returns
" for all the affection he had she\vcù tu thenl, hl'
,,' ,vað resolved to nlak.e use speedily of the lihf'rty Hl' fl'SlIh','
" t 1 k . h I . J . h . t o I ca n

It. -lng a( given nUl, as to IS o\vn person, In'l:uhL
" \vhich, he found, ,vas rendered so uuacceptabl(' to
.., the people; yet if they could propose to hinl auy
K2

10

IS
2

A SHon T VIE\V

,,- \\ray _ho\v he Inight deposit the king's authority, in
" such a nlanner as it nlight not be exposed to the
" saine affronts it had received in hin1, and Inight
" be applied to preserving the peoplé, and recóver-
" ing the kingdom, he \vould gladly gratify them;
" and would heartily wish, that they might receÍ\re
" that happiness by his absence, \vhich they \vould
" not receive by his presence;" and to that purpose,
"desired then1 to consult seriously and maturely
" among themsel ves."
The Irish, Upon this, all the bishops, nobility, and comnlis-
concerned
at this reso- sioners of trust, with the principal gentlemen, ex-
lution, ad- d h b .'

dress the presse very muc trou Ie at the resolutIon the lnar-
lord lieu- . h d k d h I d f A . 1 .'
tenant. qUIS a ta en; an , on t east ay 0 prI, In
the year 1650, made an address to hin1 in writing,
under their several hands, in \vhich, among other
things, they told him, "that they conceived then1-
" selves in duty bound, for his better inforll1atioñ of
" the inclinations of the nation, humbly to present
" to him, that, however his excellency Il1ight not
"håve Inet a ready concurrence to SOlne proposals
" nlade for the advancement of his majesty's service,
" occasioned by some nlisunderstanding in SOll1e few
" persons and places, yet the country generally, and
"the nation in it, as they had already, by the ex-
" pending their substance in an extraordinary Inea-
" sure, and their lives upon all occasions, abundantly
"testified their sincere and imnloveable affections
" to preserve his lllajesty's rights and interest entire
" unto him, so they \vould for the future, and \vith
" the like cheerfulness, endeavour to overCOlne all the
" difficulties which the enelny's power and success
" had laid in their way; and that they \vho were
" then met (and they doubted not but the same ,vas

OF 'l
IIE ST1\.TE OF IREI
AND. 13J

" the general sense of the ,vhole nation) \vould, with
" all care and earnestness, endeavour, not only to
" conserve in the people such their good inclination,
" but if any persons or places should be refractory,
" or decline that obedience which is due to his lua-
" jcsty's authority, they would contribute their best
"endeavours to reduce thein, and to make then1
"conforluable unto the same;" and, after luany
other specious professions and J)rotestations of their
zeal to obey his excellency, they hunlbly hesought
hin}, "to appoint cOlumanders in the several pro-
" vinces, to ,vhonl those of his lnajesty's subjects
" (\vho, by the excitements of the clergy, were ready,
" \vith alacrity, to undergo that care, should be en-
" couraged to take arms) nlight repair for the oppos-
" ing the power of the rebels."
IIo\v respective soever this address ,vas, and ho,v

olelnnly soever it was presented, the lord lieutenant
\vas resolved not to be longer satisfied with thosc
general declarations of their good designs and pur-
poses; and therefore the very next day he sent them
a letter, containing \vhat he ,vould expect from then1,
the \vhich, for the nlore clear lnanifestation of the
,v hole proceeding, shall be here faithfully inserted,
and was in these \vords.

" After our hearty comnlcndations, in ans\ver to The lord
I A .. lieutenant's
,,, your etter of the last of prll, ,ve thInk fit to put letter to the
" you in n1ind, that upon communicating to you his

;;:

)
t
" nlajesty's letter of t})C second of February, ,ve then
,. acquainted you at large with w]lat had passed at
" \Vaterford, which, being by us represented to his
" lnajesty, occasioned his sending the said letter;. as
" also, that we found the city of Lin1{
rick had taken
K3

134

A SHORT VIE'V

"exan1ple thereby to affront and contenln his lna-
" jesty's authority placed in us, and from us, by the
"consent of the representative of the confederate
" catholics, at the conclusion of the peace derived to
u the cOlnmissioners; both which you pass over, with
" an extenuation of those disobediences, and (by at-
" tributing them to some misunderstanding) you seem,
-, in a manner, to excuse them: whereas we had rea-
" son to expect, that (suitable to your general pro-
" fessions) you would have resented the particular
" deportment of those places, and proposed to us
" ho\v the contrivers thereof n1ight be brought to
" justice, and reduced to pel
fect obedience: for as
" your professions of care and earnestness to endea-
" vour, not only to conserve in the people the good
" inclinations you find in them, but that if any per-
" son or place should be refractory, or decline that
" perfect obedience due to his majesty's authority,
" you will contribute your best endeavours to reduce
" them, and make them conformable to the same,
" cannot be evidenced or made good by you, but
" by applying those endeavours, \vhere we give you
" particular undeniable instances of refractoriness and
" disobedience; so there can be no instance thereof
" n10re pregnant, or (if it be persisted in) Illore de-
" structive to his majesty and the nation, than that
" of Limerick; to the imrnediate reducing whereof,
"we therefore thought, and do now expect, you
" would cffectually apply yourselves. We are well
" satisfied that the generality of the country and na-
" tion, who have given the pl
oofs you n1ention, of
" their sincere affections to preserve his 111ajesty's
" rights entire to hin1, will persevere therein, if those
" upon whose exaluples and advice they very Inuch

OF rrHE S'l'ArrE OF IJtELAND. 135

" fix their resolutions, be active and industrious to
"lead and exhort them thereunto: but we ll1ust
"\vithal let you know, that we cannot hope that
" those good affections and alacrities, in defence of
" his Inajesty and their own interest, can be success-
" fuI, if the city of Limerick, and all other cities
" and towns be not in perfect obed
ence, and inune-
" diately put under a military governlnent, for luili-
h tary nlattcrs, and thereby into a condition of de-
" fence and offence; \vhich to conceal from the peo-
"pIe, \vere to\vards them as great a treachery, a

" it would be in us a vain rashness, without a just
"obedience first gained, to attcnlpt the opposing
" the strength and po\vcr of the rehels. And there-
" fore we 111uSt and do declare, that as the parti-
" cular refractoriness of the city of 'Vaterford hath,
" 1l10re than any human lucans, contributed to all
" the successes of the rebels ill those parts, since our
,. bcing at \Vaterford; and as the want of a strong
" garrison in Liulcrick, (\vhich we long since desired
" Inight be put there, but could not prevail,) have
" been the greatest visible means whereby the said
" rebels have, with snlall or no resistance, gained 01'
" destroyed the county of Lin1erick, and other parts
" adjacent; so the entire loss of the kingdom to his
" 111ajesty, and the destruction of the nation, (,vhich
h \ve have no hope to prevent, but by presently and
to' strongly garrisoning and fortifying the said city,)
10" HUlst be imputed to the obstinacy of that city,
" if it shall persist therein.. and to whoever cncou-
" rages or connives ,vith thent therein. As to the
" distrusts and jealousies of the people, occasioned
" (as you say) for \vant of success in service, the
" s-cnse of their sufferings, and their apprehensions
K4

13G

A SlIOR'l' VI.E'V

" for want of redress of their grievances, ,ve anS\Vel,
"that both the "rant of success, and the sense of
" their sufferings, whether from the enelny or froIl1
" the soldier, cannot so reasonably be ilnputed to
" any hlunan cause, as to the want of garrisoning

, the army in the principal to,vns and cities; \vhere-
"in we cannot yet prevail, nor ever could, till by
" the enetny's lying at one end of a town, \ve were
" (not \vithout articling and conditioning) pernlitted
"to put such lnen as we could then get, in at
"another end; for, for ,vant of garrisoning the
" arnlY, and by being forced to quarter it at large,
" it was not possible to have them exercised, theÏ1
" arms kept in order, nor they under necessary dis-
" cipline; which (when they \vere to be brought to-
" gether) rendered them \vorse than so nlany new
" raised men, by how much they had contracted a
" licentious liberty, and an habit of rapine and dis-
" obedience: nor could we prevent fraud in musters,
" or reasonably exact a strict account frOlTI the offi-
" eel'S, of men so scattered, \vho, \vhen they should
" be en1ployed upon service, were forced, or pre-
" tended a necessity, (wherein we could not disprove
" them,) to range the country to get in the Ineans
" that should enable thenl to serve.
" As to their apprehension for want of redress of
" their grievances: we understand not what griev-
"ances are thereby meant, unless those d
livered
" unto a us by the archbishop ofTuam, on the first day
" of April: for the other grievances, though \ve long
"expected and desired them, \VC never sa\v any,
" save a paper given to us on the 12th of l\larch, at

a II ere lord Clarendon's lV1S. ends, and that of his sccrctar

COlU mcnces.

OF 1.'HE 8T'A'r.E (}P Il{EL
\ND. 137

" Lilnerick; which, for the forgery, cahunny, and
" other misbecoming passages contained in it, was,
" as such, disowned by the clergy then met: and' to
" those given us on the first of April, we return you
" here\vith such answers, as (considering the gene-
" rality of them) is possible for us to give.
" "\Ve have already, \vith the advice of the com-
" missioners, and (as we believe) \vith the approba-
"tion of such of the bishops as were present, ap-
"'pointed the earl of Castlehaven to command the
" forces in Leinster: and \vith the like advice and
" approbation, \ve have elllployed colonel David Roche
" to command, for a necessary expedition; besides,
" there is ahvays upon the place there, one general
" officer, that will readily receive and employ any
" that shall he prevailed with to take arms, as is
" prolnised; and, in case we find a fit obedience
" and reception fronl the city of Linlerick, we shall
" be ready in person to receive and conduct such
" forces in the said province.
" In Ulster we have, in pursuance of the agree-
"TIlent made with that province, given our COß1-
"lnission to the bishop of Clogher; and in Con-
'" naught, the lord marquis of Clanrickard commands
" the army. 'Ve know no use, to which any money
" raised upon the people hath been eUlployed, but. to
" the nlaintcnance of the forces; if you do, ,ve shall
" desire to be t.herein informed, to the end that any
" past 111isapplication thereof may be exall1ined and
" punished, and the like prevented for the future.
" To conclude, ,ve seriously rCC0l11nlend to your
"consideration the ,vays of procuring such ohedi-
" encc to his Inajcsty and his authority in general,
" and particularly froul the city of LÏ111crick, as lnay

138

A SHOltrr VIEW

" enable and encourage us, with honour and hope of
" success, according to our desirp, to use our utmost
" industry, and to encounter all hazards, for the de-
" fence of this kingdom and nation, against the ty-
" ranny that will certainly be exercised upon them,
" and the insupportable slavery they ,viII be suhject
" un to, if the rebels prevail: and so we bid you
" heartily farewell.
" Your very loving friend,
Front Logllreaglt, tlte " ORMOND."
1st f}/..J.lfay, 1650.
Directed, "For tile arc/lbis/lOlls, nobility,
" bis/lO]JS, tile COJJl1Jli8sioJler8ll11thori
e(1
" hy US, iu jJllrsu{tllCe 0/" the articles qf"
" jJcace, (lJld ot/lcrs tl8Serilblell at Loglt-
" reuB-/t."

Address on
the said
Jetter.

Upon receipt of this letter, they Inade another ad-
dress to the 111arquis in writing, in \vhich they said,
" they were very far froln intending, by any expres-
" sion they had used, to excuse the deporbnent of
" the city of LiInerick; nor could any man (they
"said) more feclingly than they resent their per-
" sonal disrespects towards his excellency, while he
" ,vas lately in that city; \vhercof they had, in their
" letters, then ready to be sent by a cOlnmittee eln-
h ployeù hy theln to that corporation, taken notice;
" and they did hope, that, by their deportlnent, they
'10 \vould hereafter luerit to have it understood; that
" it I>roccedcd frolll ignorance rather than n1alice;
" and that, concerning the garrisoning of the city,
.., the clergy, (that had Inct lately there,) and the
" couul1issioners of trust, had \vritten very effec-
" tually to then1, and en1ployed two of the com mis-

O:F rrIIE
rrA1.
E OF IRELAND. 139

" sioners of trust thither, to solicit their compliance
" to his excellency, and to represent to then1 the
" danger and prejudice that ,vould ensue their re-
" fractoriness: and though it had not taken that
"effect with them which ,vas expected, yet they
" humbly offered to his excellency, that a second
" essay ,vas to be made, and his excellency's further
" positive commands to be sent thither; \vhereunto
" if they ,vould not listen, they promised, as much
" as in them lay, that they would, in their respec-
" tive degrees and qualities, and according to their
" respective po\vers, so far as should be thought fit
"and necessary, upon considel'ation had of \vhat
"hath been proposed hitherto between his excel-
"lency and the cOlnnlissioners of trust and them
" concerning the garrisoning of that city, coo}Jerate
" to reclahn then1, and bring them to perfect obe-
" dience; humbly desiring, that what resolution 80-
" ever should be taken by that city, yet that his
" excellency would be pleased not to inlpute it to
"any disaffection in thenl, or want of zeal in the
" nation, to advance his 111ajesty's service; and, in
" regard the transacting of that business ll1ight take
" up some time, it 'lOllS lUl1Jlhly clesire(l, that his
" excellency would be pleased to apply his imme-
" diate care to the for,varding of the service, and
" settling of affairs in the other parts of the king-
" don], answerab]e to the present dangers and COll-
" ùition \vherein it was; that thel'e might be SOlnc
"visible opposition to the growing po\ver of tIll.
" enemy." At the sanlC tilTIC that they sent this
address to the 111al'q uis, signed hy the bishops and
the commissioners, (\vhich was in the beginning of
l\lay, 1650,) they likewise scnt the archbishop of

140

A SI-IOR1' VIE\V

Tuam and sir Lucas Dillon to Lhnerick, with as
reasonable and pressing lett.ers to that corporation
for receiving a garrison as could be ,vritten.
The mar- This demeanour in the assembly, and all the vi-
quis alters . .. ..
his resolu- sIble results of theIr consultatIon, together wIth theIr
tion of leav- d L!.' f I I h k . d f
jug Ireland. SO eep prolCSSIons 0 oya ty to t e
Ing, an 0
respect to his lieutenant, prevailed so far with the
marquis, that he again declined his purpose of quit-
ting the kingdom; and thereupon he dismissed a
frigate which he
ad bought, and fitted for his trans-
portation. And though the archbishop of Tuanl and
sir Lucas Dillon returned fronl Limerick, ,vithout
that entire submission from the city which was ex-
pected; yet hê was willing to Inake the be$t inter-
pretation of their general professions of duty, and to
believe that they would by degrees be induced to do
what they ought; and that he Inight be nearer to
thenl, to encourage any such inclination, he relnoved
to Clare, t,velve miles from Limerick, and gave or-
ders to the troops, which, for conveniency of quar-
ters, were scattered at too great distances, to be
ready to draw to a rendezvous; and he was shortly
after (very reasonably) induced to be almost confi-
dent, that the city was ,veIl disposed: for having
one day (about the 11th of June) visited some troops,
which he had assembled within four ll1iles of Lilnc-
lick, and returning at night to Clare; the next day
two alderll1en of that city canle to him with this fol-
lo",-ing letter, fronl the mayor of that corporation.

" lJIay it }Jlease your excellellcy,
Letter from "The city council having given DIe in comn1and
the mayor ..
of Limeric1i " to sIgnIfy, and hUlubly offer unto your excellency,
to the ]ord " h · d 1 th th t ld
Jicutcnant. t at It was expecte )y em, a you wou ,

OF THE S'rA'rE OI
' IRELAND. 141

" Leing so near this city resterday, Lesto-n r a visit on
" it; the \vhich is no \vay doubted had been done by
" your excellency, if your greater affairs had not hin-
" dered you f1"on1 the saIne; and they do yet ex-
" pect, ,vhen those are over, your excellency \vill bc
" plcased to step hither to settle the garrison here,
"the \vhich \vithout your presence cannot (as is
" hUll1bly conceived) be so \vell done, or \vith that
"expedition as our necessity requires; the particu-
"lars \v hereof \ve refer to the bearers, alderluan
" Peirce Creagh and alderman John Bourke, their
" relation; to \vhom \ve desire credence Inay bp
" given by your excellency, and to believe that I
" \vill never fail to be,
Li17zerick, lQth " Your excellency's
June, 16:50. " n10st htunb]e servant,
" John Creagh, Inayor of LiIl1erick."

This letter Jnight very well have raised an expec-
tation and assurance, that there \vould be nO\\T no
lllore scruple of receiving a garrison; yet the alder-
n1en that brought it 111adc such pauses in the an-
swering sonle necessary questions, that the marquis
returned them the saIne night \vith this ans\ver.

" After our hearty cOllllnendations, \ve have re- Lord liru-
" . d I tt f th ' d ' d I h tenant's
celve your e er 0 IS ay sate, JY t e convey- answer.
" ancc of alderluan Peirce Creagh, and heard \vhat
" alder In an John Bourke and he had to say as froBl
"that corporation: in answer whereunto, ,ve Ïtn-
,.. parted SOB1C particulars unto theIn, ,vherein \ve
" expccted satisfaction: \v hich if you send us to th

" rendezvous to..n10rrO\V, (where we intend to he,)
" \ve shall visit that city, and elnploy our utInost

Lord lieu-
tenant's
proposals.

142

A SHORT VIEW

" endeavours in the settling the garrison necessarily
" desired there, both for the defence and satisfaction
" of that city: and so ,ve hid you heartily fare\vell.
Clare, l
tlt " Your loving friend,
June, 1650. " ORMOND."

The particulars he proposed to thenl ,vere, first,
to be received in the sanle lUanneI', and \vith such
respect, as the lord lieutenants heretofore had al-
\vays been : secondly, to have the conunand of the
guard, the giving the word and orùers in the city:
thirdly, that there 11light be quarter provided with-
in the city for such guards of horse and foot as he
should carry in, ,vhich should be part of the garri-
son, whereof a list should be given at the rendez-
vous.
The next day, when the Inarquis canle to the ren-
dezvous, the two aldernlen nlet hiln there, and in-
forlned hitn that the city had consented to all that
he had proposed to theIn, (except only the adtnit-
tance of his guards, which they were un,villing to
do;) whereupon he sent Inessengers presently back
with this answer, "that he intended not the dran r -
" ing in of his guards, out of any 111istrust he had of
" the loyalty of the rnagistrates of that city to his
" majestr, or of their affection to hÍlnself; but for
" the dignity of the place he held, and to prevent
" any popular tU111\1It that Inight he raised by des-
"perate and uninterested persons against hit11, or
" the civil governluent of the city, whereunto he
" had cause to fear SOlne loose people l11ight by L'llsc
" and frivolous suggestions he too easily instigated ;"
and to take away aU possihility of suspicion frotH
the 1110st jealous, that he could have no end to the

OF THE s'rATE of IR,ELAND. 143

prejudice of the city, he told theIn, "the guards he
" meant to take in \vith hiln should consist but of
" one hundred foot and fifty horse, and even those
" to be entirely of their own religion, and such as,
" having been constantly of the confederacy, \vere
" interested in all the benefits of the articles of the
" peace:" and so not imagining that they could rc- Lord Jiell-
h I 1 tenant all-
fuse so reasonable an overture, e \vent to\varc s t Ie \'anCCS to-
. B h h th t wards Li-
CIty. ut \v en e was con1e very near e ga es, merick.
the sallIe aldermen caIne again to him, to let hitn A tnnmlt
.. . thereon.
kno\v that there was a tUlllult raIsed In the CIty by
a
'ranciscan friar, called father 'V oIf, and SOUle
others, against his coming into tIle town, anù in
opposition to the desires and intentions of the nlayor
and principal citizens; and therefore they dissuaded
his going thither until the tlunult should be quieted:
so that the lord lieutenant was cOll1pellcd ,vith that
affront to return, and rested that night at Shanhally,
three nliles fronl the city; frol11 whence he \vrote
to then1 the sense he had of the indignity offered to
hin1, and wished "them to consider not only by
" what power they had been l1lade a corporation
" first, and by whose protection they had since floll-
"rished, but also \vhat solid foundations of safety
" (other than by receiving the defence he had of-
" fered) was or could be proposed to theIl1 hy the
" present disturbers of thcir quiet; and desired their
" present ans\ver: that in case he lnight be encou-
" raged to proceed in the way he had laid do\vn of
" serving the king, and preserving the city fronl tlu'1
" tyranny of the rehels, he 111ight immediately apply
" himself thereunto; or failing in his desires therein,
" he Inight apply himself, and the forces he had ga-
" thered for that purpose, to SOlne other service."

Repeated
affronts to
the lonl
lieutenant.

144

A SHORT VIE\V

But neither this, nor all he could do upon subse-
quent tr
aties and overtures, 1110ving fronl theln-
selves, could at all prevail ,vith then1; no, not his
offering to put hill1self into the city, and running
the s:une fortune \vith it, \vhen Ireton \yas encalnped
before it: but they continually nudtiplied and re-
peated their affronts to\vards hinl, ,vith all imagin-
able CirCUl1lstances of conten1pt, (and in the end, that
we may have 110 III ore occasion to nlention the sedi..
tious carriage of this unfortunate city,) broke open
his trunks of papers, (which he had left there,) seized
upon the stores of corn laid up there for the supply
of the arIny, when he believed that place ,,"ould
have been obedient to hhn, and sonle corn belonging
to
hhuself, and disposed of all according to their
own pleasure, and received SOlne troops of horse into
the city, \vhich contrary to the nlarquis's order left
the army; and with those troops raised and levied
contribution in the county of Clare, upon those ,vho
had honestly pajd the saIne for the use of the arlny,
according to those orders ,vhich they ,vere to obey:
and when the marquis sent to the InayoI', to deliver
the officer of the said reginlent as a prisoner to a
guard appointed to receive hinl, he could obtain no
other answer, (and that not in a ,veek's tiIne,) than
that the government of: that city was cOlnnlitted to
niajor general Hugh O'Neal, and therefore he, the
Inayor, \vould. not l1leddle therein: and \Vhel1 the
like order ,vas sent hy the Inarquis to Hugh O'Neal,
he returned ans,ver, that he ,vas only a cipher, and
not suffered to act any thing but \vhat the nlayor
and council thought fit: so that in truth that city
\vas no less in rebellion then to the king than the
arlllY under Ireton was; though it did for a tiU1C

OF "fHE S'fA'I'E 01<' IltEla\.ND. 14.3

r
sist that urn1)", and could never have been suh-
tilled by it, if it had ever been in that obedience to
the king, as by all their obligations it ought to have
been; and therefore must have the less peace of con-
. science to support them in the calanlities they have
since undergone.
I n the letter forlnerly inserted from the marquis,
about the beginning of l\Iay, to the bishops and C0I11-
Inissioners assembled at Loghreagh, it is :said, that,
in pursuance of a fornler agreelnent, he had granted
a cOin mission to the bishop of Clogher, for the COlll-
[nand of the province of Ulster; it will be therefore
necessary to express ,vhat that agreelnent ,vas, and
the proceedings thereupon.
I _A.n10ngst the articles \\'hich had been l1lade with Bishop of
Clogher RP-

enera] O\Ven O'Neal, it was provided, that in case pointed to
f h . d ( O ' N ' d command
) t e Sal )\Ven 1: eal s eath, or rernoval by ad- after the
rancen1ent or other\vise before an y settleluent in death of
c.." O'Neal.
JarIi.aa1ent, (to \vhich all the articles of peace re-
ated,) the nobility and gentry of the province of
lIster should have po\ver to nalne one to the lord
ieutenant, as chief governor for his Inajesty, to COIU..
nand in the place of the said Owen O'Neal; and
he :said cOllunand ,vas to be conferred accordingly
'pon the person so to be nalned: and according to
his po\\rer, O,ven O'Neal bei
g dead, the nobility,
,ishops, anù prirì.cipal gentry of that province, luade
hoice of the bishop of Clogher to succeed him in
he charge; and having signified such their election
nder their hands to the lord lieutenant, about the
liddle of l\larch, he granted such a coromission to
Îll) as he ,vas obliged to do; and the bishop \vith He infest<>
. . . the Engli:ah
'reat actIvIty and courage proceeded in infestIng n'be]s.
he English rebels in that province as n1uch as ,vas
YOLo VIII. L

146

.t\ SHORT YTE"T

in his power; and ha\Ting an arnlY consisting of
about five thousand BIen, foot and horsp, about the
t,venty-third of June, 1650, (\Vhell the lord lieute-
nant himself could not draw one thousand nlen to-
gether, or keep then), if together, the space of forty-
eight hours,) he encountered, not far frolll I
ondon-
derry, ,vith sir Charles Coote, ,vho conll11anded the
English rebels in chief in those quarters, and "Tas
then inferior in foot to the bishop, though other\\Tise
he had a great advantage of hiln, by having near
treble the nU111her of horse; notwithstanding ,vhich
inequality, the Irish behaved thelllselves ,vith cou-
rage, but in the end were totally defeated; 50 that
the bishop ,vas c0111pelled, after he sa,v the day ,vas
irretrievably lost, to quit the field ,vith a s111all party
of horse t
at attended hinl; and the next day in ]1 is
flight he had the ll1isfortune, near Enniskillil1g, to
111eet ,vith the governor of that to'''n, in the head of
a party too strong for him, against \vhich, hoY
.ever,
the bishop defended himself ,vith notable courage;
Is defeated and after he had received 1uany \\Tounds, he ,vas
by Coote, . .
forceù to bpcolue a prIsoner, upon pronllse first, that
he should have fair quarter; contrary to ,vhich, sir
Charles Coote, as soon as he kne\v he ,vas a pri-
and basely soner, caused hiul to be hanged, \vith all the cir-
murdered.
CUlllstances of contul.nely, reproach, and cruelty ,,-hich
he could devise.
This was the unfortunate end of that unfortunate
prelate, of \VhOnl, since he bore so great a part in
the troubles of Ireland, and ,vas much superior in
parts to any nlan of that party, it will not be in1per-
tinent or uncharitable to Inention some particular
passages of his life, that thereby his nature and dis-
position Jnay be the better collected, and indeed the

OF' 'rHE S'TATE Ol
IRELAND. 14;

ðpirit and telnper of Inind \vhich that kind of Inen
,yas possessed ,,
ith, \vho had the greatest abilities to
do hurt SOllIe fe\\r years before the rebellion.
This Ever l\lac Mahon, being then arch-priest, His c"ar
c-
. . ter and 11IS-
and residing for the 1110st part In or near Dublin, tory.
repaired to sir George Radcliffe, who had then a
principal part in lnanaging the affairs of state in
Ireland; and heing admitted to his presence, desired
to have SOllle private conference \vith hinl, "rithout
the presence of any other: all attendants and stran-
gers bcing ,vithdrawn, he fell on his knees, and said,
" he came to put his life into his hands; told hhn
" he had committed l1lany treasons against the king,
" for \vhich he felt that remorse of conscience, that
" he resolved rather to offer his life as a sacrifice hy
,,' confessing it, than endure the tornlent he felt by
" concealing it; that he was capable of no quiet of
" lllind but by this disburdening hinlself; and if, hy
" the grace and Inercy of the king, he IlIight ohtain
" a pardon for ,vhat \vas past, he \vould in such
" Inanner apply hilnself to his Inajesty's service, that
" he \vould, in SOl1le degree, Inerit the benefit:" and
then told hin1 "uf several treaties \vhich \vere abroad
" \vith foreign princes, in order to the ùisturbancf'
" of the peace of that reallll."
TTpon hearing hinl, and those great expressions of
penitence, sir George \vrote to one of the secretaries
of :state in England, to inforln his 111ajesty of all the
particulars, \" ho (according to the clemency of his
nature) sent a \varrant over for the preparing and
passing his pardon, the \vhich shortly after sir George
delh ('reù to hiln, \vho again falling on his knees, and
Inagnifyiug the Inercy of the king, said, '
he had
1.2

148

A SI-IOIl1.' VIE"r

" no\v peace of l1lind, and desired nothing but to
" deserve the favour of so gracious a sovereign, that
" he \votIld content hilllself \vith that evidence of his
" majesty'ts goodness, wit.hout making further use of
" it, or suing out his pardon according to the for-
" Inalities and rules of the law; ,vhich, though ne-
" cessary for his o\vn security, \vould (being that
" ,yay Inade public) disenable him frolll doing his

, l1lajesty that service he intended, since he should
"be adillitted to those trusts, \vithout ",-hich he

, could lllake no discoveries."
FrOlll henceforward, during the ,vhole governnu
nt
of the earl of Strafford, he gave frequent advertise-
D1ents of sonle agitations by obscure and unknown
persons of that nation, at Ronle, and in France and
Spain; ,vhich were rather instances of n1urnluring
and
editious purposes, than, reasonably, like to pro-
duce any notable disturbance. Frolll the beginning
of the rebellion his power ,vas very great \vith those
,"Tho had been 1110st (and he ,vas with least dissiu1u-
lation) violently opposite to any reconciliation, upon
the first and second conclusion of peace by the con-
federate catholics; and so he continued firm to that
party which followed O,ven O'Neal, or rather go-
verned Owen O'Neal, \vho c01111TIanded that party;
and over and above those denlands \vhich concerned
religion, (to ,vhich they seen1ed to adhere with lnore
than ordinary zeal, and t11ereby dre\v the depend-
ance of the clergy to theln,) they insisted upon the
restitution of the great estates in Ulster, "rhich was
not in the po,ver of the cro\vn to Inake, \vithout the
violation of several acts of parliament, and defeating
Inany descents and purchases, which had passed \vith..

OF 'l'HE s'rATE O}1' IRELAND. 149

out any interruption or claim for the space of one
hundred and fifty years. This impossible expecta-
tion kept both Ü\ven ü'N eal and the bishop of Clog-
her from concurring \vith the confederate cathoJics
in the peace he lllade \vith his majesty; and the
animosity they contracted against the confederates
inclined them to relieve l..4ondonderry, \vhen (as it
is relnen1bered before) it was even. ready to be re-
duced by his n1ajesty's, forces, rather than to subn1it
to the peace Inade by them \vith the lord lieutenant.
After they had fòund it necessary to Inake that
agreement \vith the nlarquis, it nlust be ackno\v-
ledged that the bishop performed, and observed it
very justly, (as he ,vas punctual in what he pro-
mised,) and appJied himself ,vith all dexterity and
industry to the advancelnent of his Inajesty's inte-
rest; so that during his time he restrained the clergy
in all their asscl11blies fron1 111aking any acts which
11light discourage the people fron1 their obedience to
the king's authority; and therefore, how inconve-
nient Soever his life had been to the peace and hap-
])iness of that nation, his death ,vas very unseason-
able; \vhich ,vas rClnarkable and notorious in these
cirCUlllstances, that within less than a year after he
had hrought Owen ü'N eal to relieve sir Charles
Cuote in Londonderry, (\vho n1ust other\visc \vithin
a fe,v days time have delivered
it up to the king,)
l1c was hill1self and his arn1Y very Hear the same
placp defeated by the same sir Charles Coote, and
hirll
t'lf, after quarter and his life pron1ised, exe-
cuted by the positive order and cOlnnland of hirn
\VhOnl he had preserved.
'fo\vard the end of July the luarquis received a
lctter subscribed by the t,vo pcrsons, \vho styled
L3

150

A SHOlt'T VIE'V

-thelnsclves the archbishops of Dublin and Tuan1, in
these \vords.

" lJIay it please your exeelle /ley,
Letter to " This nation, becon1e of late a fable and reproach
the lord
lieutenant "of Christianity, is brought to a sad condition, not-
from the
titular " \vithstanding the frequent and laborious n1eetings
archbisl.lOpS " and consultations of the P relates. \ve find J . ea1ou-
of Dl1blm '
and Tuam. " sies and fears deep in the hearts of men, thorns
" hard to take out; \ve see lllost men contributing
" to the enemy, and rendering their persons and
" suhstance useless to his Inajesty, and destructive to
" religion and the king's interest: this kind of men,
" if not tin1ely prevented, \vill betray irremediably
" themselves and us: we find no stock or subsist-
" ence ordered for maintaining the soldiers, nor is
" there an arnlY (any ,yay considerable) in the king-
"dom to recover what is lost, or defend \vhat ,ve
" hold: so as, hUlnanly speaking, if God \viII not be
"pleased, for his Inercy sake, to take off fron1 us
" the heavy judgillent of his anger, \ve are fair for
"losing sacred religion, the king's authority, and
" Ireland. The four archbishops, to acquit their con-
" sciences in the eyes of God, have )
esolved to Ineet
" at J amesto,vn, about the sixth day of the next
" 1110nth, and to bring along '\vith them as many of
"the suffragans as Inay repair thither \vith safety:
" the end of this consultation is to do \vhat in liS
" lies for the amendn1ent of all errors, and the reco-
" very of this afflicted people. If your excellency
" \vill think fit in your wisdon1 to send one or n10re
"persons to l1lake proposals for the safety of the
" nation, we shall not \vant \villingness to prepare
" good answers; nor will \ve despair of the blessing

OF THE STATE OF IRELAND. 151

" of God and of his powerful influence, to be upon
" our sincere intentions in that place; even so \VC
" conclude, relnaining
" Your excellency's
July
4., 1650. " hunlLle servants,
" FA. THO. DUBLIN,
" FA. AR. TUAM."

"Thocver rcad
this sumn10ns or invitation, \vill
believe it to be salis lyro lJJlperio, and that such a
direction to send one or more persons to l1lake pro-
posals to them for the safety of the nation, and that
such a negligent expression (" that "\ve shall not
" \vant ,villingness to prepare good answers") could
not proceed hut frotH SOlne superior to an inferior
dependent: hon'ever, as the Inarquis kne\v it ,,,ouid
he to no purpose to inhibit their Ineeting, so he
thought fit to write to then1 in this Inanner.

" After our hearty coml11endations, we received Lord lieu-
tenant's
" yours of the t\venty-fourth of July on the first of answer.
" this month, and do \vith much grief ackno\vledge,
" that this 11ation is brought into a sad condition,
" and that by such Ineans, as ,vhen it shall be known
" ahroau, and by history delivered to posterity, \vill
" indeed be thought a fable; for it will seenl incre-
" dihle that auy nation should so 111adly affect and
" violently pursue ways leading to their own de-
" stl'uction, as this people ,viII appear to have done;
" and that after the certain ruin they "\vere running
"into ,vas accidentally and frequently discovered
" unto those, that in aU tilnes, and upon all occa-
" sion
, have had po\ver to persuade or con1pcl thclU
" to ,vhatcvcr they thought fit; and it ,viII he less
1.1 4

]5

.1-\. ::;lIOR'r VI,E'V

" credible, ,vhen it shall be declared, as \vith truth
" it ,viJl be, that the tenlporal, spiritual, and eternal
"interest and safety even of those that had this
" po"?er, (and that have been thus forewarned,) did
" consist in making use of it to reclainl the people,
"and direct them into the ,vars of preservation.
"To be plain, it cannot be denied but the dis-
" obediencies we have ll1et ,vith, (,vhich ,ve at large
" declared to nlany of you, ,vho ,vith dhTers of the
" nobility and gentry ,vere asseu1bled at Loghreagh
" in A prillast,) were the certain ready ,vays to the
" destruction of this nation, as by our letters to the
" asselubly ,ve luade apparent; and ancient and late
"experience hath l11ade as evident, ,vhat po\ver
" those of your function have had to draw the peo-
" pie of this nation to \vhat they thought fit: whe-
" ther your lordships have been convinced that the
" obedience \vhich ,ve desired should be given to his
" Inajesty's authority in us, pursuant to the articles
" of peace, ,vas the ,vay to preserve the nation, ,ve
" know not; or ,vhether your lordships have Inade
"use of all the nleans at other titnes,
nd upon
'.' other occasions exercised hy you to procure this
" necessary obedience, \ve shall not now deternline:
" sure ,ve are, that since the said assell1bly, not only
" Limerick hath 11ersisted in the disobedience it ,vas
" then in, and aggravated the sanle by several af-
" fronts since fixed upon the king's authority, but
" Gall,ray hath been seduced into the like disobedi-
"ence, for ,vant of a due COlllpliance froin those
"places, but principally fronl l.JÍluerick. It hath
" been inlPossible for us to raise or employ an arn1Y
" against the rebels; for to attempt it any ,,'here on
" the other side of the Shannon, hut near Litnerick,

OF 1.
HE
rrA'rE OF IltELAND. 153

" and ,vithout absolute command of that city to se..
" cure it, could be no other than the certain ruin of
"the design in the very beginning of it; and to
" have done it on the other side the Shannon was
"itnpossible, since the ground\vork of the army
" 111Ust be raised and supported from hence; \vhich,
"\\Thile it was forming, would have exhausted all
" the substance of those parts, and not have effected
" the work: for ,vant of such an army (\vhich, ,vith
" God's assistance, Inight certainly have been long
" since rai;3ed, if Lin1erick had obeyed our orders)
" the rebels have, without any considerable resist-
"ance fl'On1 abroad, taken Clonmell, Terroghan,
" and Cathcrlagh, and reduced "T aterford and Dun-
"cannon to great (and \ve fear irrecoverable) dis-
"tress. The loss of those places, and the \vant of
" any visible po\ver to protect then1, have doubtless
"reduced many to contribute their substance and
"personal assistance to the rebels; froin whence,
" ". hether they Inight have been held by your
"church censures, we know not; but have not
" heard of any such issued against then1: and lastly,
" for \vallt of such an arlny, the rebels have taken
"to themselves contributions, ,vhich Inight con-
" siderably have assisted to support an army, and
"preserve the kingdom. If therefore the end of
" your consultation at JanlestO\Vn be to acquit your
" consciences in the eyes of God, the amendll1ent of
" all errors, and the recovery of this afflicted people,
" as by your letter, giving us notice of your n1eet-
.. ing, is professed; "Tp have enòeavoured briefly to
" she"r, that the spring of our past lo
se
and ap-
"pl'oaching ruin arises fì'on1 disobedicnce; and it
h \\"ill not be hard to shc\", that the
pring of thi

]54

A SHORT VIE'V

"disobedience arises froln the forgeries invented
"and CalUl11nies spread against the governn1ent,
Hand enticelllent of the people to rebellion, by very
" many of the clergy. That these are errors fre-
"quently practised, and fit for amendment, is no
"1110re to be doubted, than that, unless they be
" alnended, the affliction of the people ,viII continue,
" and, as it is to be feared, end in their utter de-
,(, struction; \vhich if prevented by \vhat your COll-
" sultations ,viII produce, the happy effect of your
" meeting will be ackno\vledged, ,vithout question-
" iog the authority by \vhich yon lllet. Proposals
" frolll us, other than \vhat \ve have formerly, and
" no\v by this our letter, made, ,ve hold not neces-
"sary. And so we bid your lordships heartily fare-
" ,veIl.

" Your lordships'
Rosco'l1l'1non, Aug.
, 1650. " affectionate friend,
" ORMOND."
Directed, " To our 'rer:1J gooll lorll.y, tlie {/ rC/I-
" bishoJ)s {IntZ hislioj)s 'lJlet at Jl17J1estoIDll."

Upon the receipt of this lettcr, the several bishops
,vho 111et at Jamestown sent the bishop of Dron1orc
and Dr. Charles Kelly to the lord lieutenant, \vith
this lettel" of credit.

" ..L
Iay it please YOllr excellency,
Letter of " \\T e received your excellency's letter of the se-
credit from " d h · f d d . .
the bishops con current, ,\\r ere, to our grle an a !1UratIon,
at Jallles- "\ve sa,v some ex p ressions that seelll Ineant for
town.
" casting the blame upon us of the present sad con-
"dition of the kingdoln, \vhich we 110pe to answer
"to the satisfaction of your excellency and the

O.I? 'rHE S'rA1."E OF IRELAND. 155

" whole nation: in the mean time we pennit this
" protestation, as ,ve are Christian catholic prelates,
" that we have done our endeavours, with all earn-
" estness and candour, for the taking away from the
" hearts of the people all jealousies and diffidencies,
" that \vere conceived the occasion of so many dis-
" asters that befell the nation; and that, on all oc-
" cnsions, our actions and cooperations were ready to
" accolnpany all your excellency's designs for the pre-
" servation of his majesty's interest in this kingdolll ;
" whose state being in the present desperate condi-
" tion, we have thought it our duty to offer to your
" excellency our sense of the only possibility \ve could
" devise for its preservation; and that by the inter-
" vention and expression of the lord bishop of Dro-
"nlore and Dr. Charles Kelly, dean of 'I'uanl, ,vho
"shall clearly deliver unto your excellency our
"thoughts and good intentions, as to this effect;
" praying your excellency to give full credit to what
" they ,viII declare in our naines in this business,
" \vhich \vill be still o\vned as our commands laid
"upon then1, and the declaration of the sincere
" hearts of
Jarncstown,A'lIIJ..10,1650. "Y Ollr excellency's
,,, 11108t IHll11ble servants,
" H.Llr'JJlagh, Jo. a}"chieJ}. 7'lllun, .i'Ticho/ru.
" ]f'erneIN;Ïs et procurator archiejJ. Dublill,
,,' Jo. llal)oteJl
Ûs, Eug. /{illrllore, Fa.
1Jl-
"tol/illN ClllJlJJ1UCJloceJl. Arth. Ðueccll. ct
" ju.ocllralor Leig'hlill," &c.

,V hen the t,vo persons intrusted had d{'livcrcd
their credential lettcr to the lord lieutcl1ant, he
\vishcd thenl, in regard of the importance of the

Paper de-
livered to
the lord
lieutenant.

156

1\ SHOJlr.I"' VIE'V

luatter they were intrusted \vith, to deliver what
they had in command in writing: \vhereupon they
presented him with a paper, containing these words.

"
Iay it please your excellençy,
"'Ve being intrusted frolu the clergy met at
" J amesto,vn to deliver a message to your excellency,
" importing their advice, what the only 111eans is, as
" they conceive, that nlay serve to free the nation
"froll1 the sad condition wheréunto it is reduced at
" present, do, in obedience to your excellency's COID-
" mands, signified for giving the substance of that
" lnessage in \vriting, hun1bly represent the satue to
" be as follows.
" 1'hat 'vhereas your excellency, they douht not.,
" hath laboured, by other hands, to bring the best
" aids that possibly could be had frol11 abroad for
" the relief of this gasping nation; yet finding no\v,
"in their consciences, no other expedient reluedy
" for the preservation thereo
and of his 111ajesty's
" interest therein, lllore prevalent than your excel-
" leney's speedy repair to his Jnajesty, for the prc-
" venting the ruin an-d desolation of all, and leaving
" the king's authority in the hands of SOHle person
" or persons faithful to his majesty, and trusty to
"the nation, and such as the affections and confi-
" dence of the people will follow, by \vhich the rage
" and fury of the enemy will receive interruption;
" they humbly offer this important ßlatter, of the
" safety or destruction of this nation and the king's
" interest, to your ,visdo111 and consideration; hop-
"ing that the kingdonl, hy your excellency's pre-
" sence with his majesty, and intrusting the king's
" authority safely, as above, 111ay, by God's blcssiug,

OF "rHE S"r.ATE OF IREI
A
D. 151

" hold out" till relieved \vith supplies frolll his l11a-
" jesty: the prelates in the Inean tilne \vill do 'v hat
" lies in their po,ver to assist the person or persons
"so intrusted. The great trust his majesty doth
" repose in your excellency, the vast interest of for-
" tune, the alliance and kindred you have in the na-
" tion, and your experience in the l11anagement of
" affairs of the greatest consequence, \viII, we doubt
" not, added to the other reasons proposed by us,
" induce you to enlbrace their advice, as proceeding
" fronl our pious intention, that look only upon the
" preservation of the catho1ic religion, the support
" of his n1ajesty's authority, and the estates, liber-
" ties, and fortunes of his subjects of this kingdonl,
" ,vhich \ve heartiJy offer, as
" iT our excellency's
A up:. 13tlt, ] 650. " Inost humble servants,
" FR. OLIVER DROl\10RE,
"CHARLES KELLY."

Though the lnarquis did not expect that the
meeting of the bishops and clergy in that Blanner at
J alnestO\vn ,vould have produced any hetter effect
than their former l11eetings in other places had
done, yet he could not Î1nagine that their presu InÚ-
tion \yould have been so great, as it appeared by
this nlessage to be; and \vhen he comn1unicated it
to the con1nlissioners of trust, they \vere no less
scandalized at it, and believed that, upon a serious
conference ,vith the bishops, they should be able to
reform their understandings and their wills; and
therefore desired the Inarquis, that instead of send-
ing a particular ans\ver to the Inatter of the Ines..
sage, he \","QuId ,vrite to thell1 to give him a meeting

158

i
SHOlt'1' VIE"V

at Loghreagh, on the 26th of the saIne lnonth; to
the end, that, upon a free conference, they nlight
be induced to understand how pernicious a thing
they had devised in order to their o\vn security.
1'he bishop of'Dromore and Dr. Kelly returned
,vith this proposition; and the nlarquis making no
doubt of their compliance, so far as to meet at the
place he had appointed, \vent thither at the day as-
signed. They suffered the nlarquis to Inake a jour-
ney to Loghreag11, at the tinle appointed; hut, in-
TInt rejcct- stead of Ineeting hin1 theulselves, they sent their hi-
l'd; and h f C k d C .. d
only two S O}JS 0 or'" an lonfert, no other\VISe lntruste
persons h . h . h . . h
sent to re. t an to receIve IS ans\ver to t e proposItIon t ey
cei,'e his had Inade for his leaving the kingdolll: to \\rhich,
\vhen he saw he could not draw thell1 to a confcr-
Answer to ence, he returned, "that they 11light ,veIl rCIUClll-
their pro-
}1osition. "bel", that upon the disobedience he had forll1erly
" filet \vith, he had obtained leave froln -his ma-
" jesty to depart the kingdolu; and that if theln-
" selves, the bishops, the nobility, and gentry Inet
" together, had not, in April last, in \vriting and
" discourse, given him assurance, that they not Duly
" desired his stay, but ,vould endeavour to procure
" such obedience to him as might enable hin1 (,vith
" hope of success) to have carried on the \var, he
" would have nlade use of the liberty given unto
"hilll by his n1ajesty, to have freed hinlself froln
" the vexation \vhich he had since endured, and the
" dishonour \vhich he foresaw he should be subject
" to, for want of that po\ver; \vithout \vhich (as he
" had then told thenl) he should be able to do no...
"thing considerable for the king or the }lation:
" that he had transnlitted those assurances to his
" Inajesty, ,vith his o\vn resolution to attend the cf.

Lord lieu-.
tenant ap-
I)oints a
meeting
with the
Irish bi-
shops at
Loghreagh.

OF 'rHE 8T A TE OF IRELAND. 15
J

" fects: that he plainly observed that though the
" division was great in the nation, under his govern-
" lnent, yet it '\vould be greater upon his relnoval;
" of which, in a free conference, he would have
" given then} such pregnant evidence, as he held not
" fit to declare to then1 in ,vriting. For these and
" other reasons, he told theln, that, unless he \vere
"forced by inevitable necessity, he was not ,villing
" to relnove out of the kingdoln; and desired them
" to use all the means ,vithin their po\ver to dispose
" the people to that dutifulness and obedience that
" becalne them."
This "rrought nothing on the temper of those
tuen, who ,vere resolved not to be satisfied \vith any
thing the marquis could say to them; insoll1uch
that within fe\v days after they had received his an-
s\ver frol1} Loghreagh, at a time \vhen the rebels
,vere strong in the field, and had then passed the
Shannon, if they had not been restrained by the few
troops the nlarquis still kept on foot, they published
an excolnn1unication against all those, of what qua- 'VLereupon
I . I h ld L'. d h I dl h they extra-
Ity soever, W 10 S ou lee, e p, or a lere to t e ,'agantly
lord lieutenant: in which this circumstance is ob- e
corull1u-
nlcate all
servable; that though they did not publish this ex- who should
adhere to
cOl1ul1unication until the 15th of Septelnber, it "ras the lord
. lieutenant.
enacted, at theIr asse111hly at JalllestO\Vn, on the
12th of August; ,vhich was within t\VO days after
they had sent the bishop of Dron10re and Dr. Kelly
to persuade the lnarquis to leave the kingdoll1, and
the day Lefore they delivered their Inessage, \vhich
"ras on the 13th: so that they thought any thing
that the 101'<1 lieutenant should return to them
\voulcl be Ï1llpertinent to the lnatter in haud; nor, i

they \vere not so delighted ,vith their O\Vll procecd

160

A SI-I()Itï' YIE\,r

ings that they have thell1selves carefully published
their acts to the \vorld iu print, ,,?ould it be be-
lieved, that persons, ,vho in the least degree pre-
tended a care of the people's \\Telfare or security,
could, at such a time, (when a potent, bloody, and
malicious enemy ViraS in the field,) set all men loosp
from all government, civil and 111artial, and not di-
rect them Wh0l11 they should foIlo"r or obey; for if
it be said, "that they ,vere advised to return to
01
" their association, and, until a general assenlbly of
" the nation could be conveniently called, unani-
"Dlously to serve against the COnllll0n enelny:"
since no persons were nalned or appointed to con-
duct theIn, it lTIUst be acknowledged, that they ,vere
left \vithout any directions at all, to the rage and
fury of those ,yho intended nothing but their utter
extirpation.
Together \vith their exconul1unication, they pub-
Andpublishlished in the head of the arnlY, a declaration, in-
s Declara-. d A D . f h b . 1 b . I
tion. tl tule , " eclaratlon 0 the arc IS 10pS, IS lOpS,
" and other prelates and dignitaries of the regular
"and secular clergy of the kingdol11 of Ireland,
" against the continuance of his Inajesty's authority
"in the Inarquis of Ormond, lord lieutenant of Ire-
" land, for the misgovernment of the subject, and
" the ill conduct of his lnajesty's ar111)", and the vio-
"lation of the articles of peace;" dated at J alnes-
to\vn, in the convent of the Friars Minors, 12th
August, 1650.
If the archbishops, bishops, and the secular and
regular clergy of Ireland, ,viII take upon theln to
declare against the king's authority where his Ina-
jesty hath placed it, and \viII make thenlsel \yes
judges of his supreme 111inister, for the misgovern...

OF THE ST ATE OF IRELAND. 161

lnent of the subject, and the ill conduct of his n1a-
jesty's arlny; they aSSU1l1e an authority to theln-
selves, \vhich no other Christian clergy ever pre-
tended; and sufficiently declare to the king, how
far they are froln being subjects, or intending to
pay him any obedience, longer than they are go-
verned in such Inanner and by such persons as they
think fit to be pleased \vith.
If the marquis of Orlnond had misgoverned the
people, and conducted his majesty's arlny amiss, tlie
clergy are not conïpetent judges of the one or the
other; and for the violation of the articles of the
peace, the comlnissioners, nOlninated and authorized
to provide for the due execution of them, were the
only persons who could detern1ine and remedy such
violation
, and who well knew, there was no cause
for that complaint; but that, on the other hand,
the clergy had (as hath been before mentioned)
obstructed that concurrence and obedience in the
people, without which those articles could not be ob-
served, or the security of the people provided for.
rfhe preface of that declaration, (according to Purport of
h . . " fi .. the dcclara-
t ell' usual method,
"Justl ed and lnagnlfied theIr tion.
" piety and virtue in the beginning and carrying on
" of the war; extolled their duty and affection to
.., the king, in sulnnitting to hinI, and returning to
" their allegiance, when (they said) they could have
" had better or as good conditions from the rebels
" of England; inthnated \vhat a vast SUlll of lnoney
" they had provided, near half a million of English
" pounds, besides several magazines of corn, \vith a
"fair train of artillery, great quantity of po\vder,
" match, and an1lnunition, ,vith other Inaterials for
"the carrying on the war, and Inauy other parti-
YOI
VIII. 1\1

U lltruth
thereof.
,

]62

A SHORT VIE\V

"culars of that nature," the Inonstrous untruth
whereof doth sufficiently appear in what hath been
said before; the Inarquis having been forced to bor-
ro\v those little sunlS of Inoney out of the pockets of
his friends, and to spend all that he raised (upon the
sale of good quantities of his own land) for the sup-
port of his ,vife and children, to enable the arnlY to
march, and ,vhich was never repaid to him; and
the rnagazine of corn, anllllunition, and other Inate-
rials for ,val' being so absolutely unfurnished, that it
,vas not possible for hhn to reòuce those Slllall forts
of l\faryborrow and Athy, held by Owen O'Neal's
party, till he had by his o\vn power and interest
procured some supplies; ,vhen he did like,vise con-
tract \vith a merchant, and assign all the king'

dues upon the custolns and other duties for the pay-
l11ent for arms (and for \vhich that l11erchant reluuins
stiU unsatisfied) to a great value: so far were these
nlen frolll making that provision they hrag of.
What conditions they nlight have had frOIlt the
rebels of England lllay be concluded by the usage
they have since found, the Divine justice having
made that bloody people more merciless to,vards
those, (whose frowardness, obstinacy, and treachery
against the king's authority contl'ibnted nlost to
their service,) than against any who \vorthily op-
posed them, and \vere 11108t cnenlies to their pro-
ceedings.
They endeavoured by all imaginable reproaches
. and calulllnies to lessen the people's reverence to-
,vards the lord lieutenant, laying such a8I)Crsions on
hitll in the said declaration, as nlight lnost alienate
theil" affections, though thell1Selves kne,v thcIn to be
untrue, and ,vithout colour. rrhey con1plained that

OF THE ST.A.'rE OF IRELAND. 163

he had given many commissions for colonels and
other cornluands to protestants, and upon theln
consull1ed the substance of the kingdom, \vho n10st
of them either betrayed or deserted the service;
\vhereas they well knc\v there \vas not one pro-
testant officer, to \vhon1 the lord lieutenant gave a.
cOllll11ission, ,vho betrayed any place comluitted to
hiln, or was otherwise treated, in order to their sup-
port, than all other officers of the san1e condition in
the arll1Y; nor did they quit the service until after
Hlany of theln had gallantly lost their Ih.es; and
that the clergy had so far incensed the people
against thenl, only for being protestants, that the
111arquis \vas cOlnpelled to give theln passes to de-
part the kingdolu, or otherwise to dispose of them-
selves; and the rebels \vere very glad to let them
pass through their quarters, or to remain in them,
that thereby they n1ight deprive the king of the
only strength they apprehended, officers of such
kno\vn courage and conduct.
They accused hin1 of inlprovidence in conducting
the arIT1Y after the defeat at Rathnlines, of not re-
lieving Drogheda, of perlllitting play, drinking, and
license in the carrlp, and such bold aspersions as,
\\Tithout exanlination, ll1ight gain credit ,,,ith the
people, and reflect upon his honour, \vhere he ,vas
not enough kno\vn; \\rhercas the action of Rath-
mines is set do,vl1 before at large, and the taking
of Drogheda by storm, when it was scarce appre-
henùed, and it is notoriously kno,,-n, that in his own
person he ,vas so strict and vigilant, that he gave
not hiln
elf leave to enjoy those pleasures and li-
herties ,vhich Inight very \\ ell have consisted with
the office anù duty of the 1110st severe gencrál, and
:\{ 2

16.1.

A SHOR'r VIE'V

.

that in above three n10nths time (,vhich ,vas froB1
his first drawing the forces to a rendezvous, till
after the lnisfortune at Rathrnines) he never slept.
out of his clothes: so that the l1lalice and drift of
those unreasonable and senseless cahnnnies are easy
enough to be discerned, and can only make iInpres-
sion upon vulgar lllinds, not enough informed of the
hunlour and spirit of the contrivers.
rrhey nlagnified exceedingly the lucrit of the pre-
lates, the declaration they had lllade in their con-
gregation at Clanlnacnois, their frequent expres-
sions of their sincerity, and most blamed the l11ar-
quis for not making use of their power and dili-
gence towards the advancing the king's interest, but
rather for suspecting and blanling thenl by his let-
ter to the prelates at J anlesto,vn, of the second of
August, (,vhich is before renlen1bered;) and the)'
said, that words \vere heard to fall from him dan-
gerous as to the persons of some of the prelates: to
all which little need be said, since there is before so
full and just mention of their fair declaration and,
profession, and their actions \vhich acconlpanied
them: and for the danger the persons of some of
the prelates ,vere in, they will be ashanled to urge,
when it is kno,vn that their bishop of Killalow was
brought to hinl in custody, even after he had signed
this declaration and excommunication, and set at
liberty by him; and \vhol1l the bishops themselves,
in their letter to the earl of "r estlneath, do ackno\v-
ledge to be preserved by the marquis; and for
'\vhich many will rather expect an apology, than for
any jealousy he could entertain of persons, who be-
haved themselves in that Olanner towaròs the king's
lieutenant.

OF THE ST A 'TE OF IRELAND. 16.3

'.rhey charged hin1 \vith having represented to his
majesty, that sonle parts of the kingdonl \yere dis-
obedient, ,\t hich absolutely denied any disobedience
by then} comulitted; and that therehy he had pro-
cured fronl his nlajesty a letter to ,vithdraw his own
person and'the royal authority, if such disobedience
,vas multiplied, and so leave the people without the
benefit of the peace: this ,vas the re,vard, they said,
his excellency, out of his envy to a catho1ic loyal na-
tion, prepared for thcir loyalty, sealed \vith the shed-
di11 g of their blood, and the loss of their substance.
"'hether the obstinate and rebellious carriage of
"'aterford and Lhnerick, which brought destruction
upon thelnselves, did not deserve and require such a
representation to be Inade to the king, nlay be
judged by all men, upon ,vhat hath been before
truly set down of those particulars; and if the pre-
lates thetllSelves had not ackno,vledged and seemed
to lanlent those acts of disobedience, and had not
nlost earnestly dissuaded him from leaving the king-
dOl11, and prol1lised all their endeavours to reduce
the people to obedience, (,vhich was only in their
power to have done,) the marquis had been much to
hlanle, longer to have exposed hinlself and his ho-
nour to those reproaches, and to have suffered his
person, with the impotent nnnle of lieutenant of
Ireland, to have remained ,vi thin that kingdom, and
every day to hear of the rendering and betraying of
places to the rebels, \vhich he could no more re-
lnedy, than he could infuse a spirit of obedience,
unity, and understanding, into that unhappy infatu-
dtcd nation: yet he ,vas so far fron1 \vishing that
his majesty should absolutely \vithdr:nv his royal
authority fronl thenl, (how un,vorthy soever they
:\1 3

166

A SHOllT VIE\V

made thenlselves of it,) that he always offered to
leave the king's powel
in the person of the marquis
of Clanrickard, fiS he after\vards did; hoping, that
since their great exception to him was for being a
protestant, they would with all alacrity have con1-
plied with the other, ,vho is known tó be a most
zealous Roman catholic, and \vhose affection and in-
tegrity to his majesty ,vas as unquestionable.
They reproached him, that while he \vas an
enemy to the catholics, he had been very active in
unnatural executions against them; and shedding
the blood of poor priests and churchmen; but that
since the peace he had shewed little of action, and
then kept hÍlnself in Connaugbt and ThoJuond,
,vhere no danger ,vas, and the cnelny appeared not;
so that they ,vould neither suffer hiln to have an
army to oppose the rebels, nor be contented that he
should retire into those places \vhere the enemy
could least infest hitn, and froln whence, ,vith those
few troops \vhich ren1ained with hinl, he defended

he Shannon, and kept the rebels from getting over
the river ,vhile he stayed there; and for the former
activity and success against theIn, which tbey were
content to impute to hiIn, it ,vas ,vhen he had a free
election of .officers, and an absolute po,ver over his
garrisons, ,vhere he caused the soldiers to be con-
tinually exercised, and their al'01S kept in order;
and from whence he could have drawn his arll1Y to-
gether, and have lllarcbed \vith it to what place he
,vould, ,vhich advantages he ,vas now ,vithout, and
the rebels ,vere possessed of: and therefore it ,vas
no ,vonder that they now obtained their victories as
easily as he had done fOfrnerly. But since they
'v ere so disingenuous and in grateful (there being

OF THE ST ATE O
-, IRELAND. 167

lllauy an10ng thenl, whose lives he bad saved with
apparent danger to hilnself) to charge hin1 with be-
ing active in unnatural executions against then1,
and in shedding the hlood of poor priests and
churchmen; and for the Ïlnprovelnent and propaga-
tion of that calull1ny, it hath pleased some 11ersons
to cause that declaration to be translated into La-
tin, and printed, thereby to D1akc hin1 odious to tJ)(

ROlnan catholics; and have named two priests, \vho,
they say, were Ly his or
ers executed, and put to
death in cold blood, and after his pronlise given to
save their lives, \vhose nan1es were Mr. Higgins and
1\11'. \Vhite: it ,,,ill not be hnpertinent to set down
at large the case of these two persons, that from
thence, luen ,vho have no rnind to be deceived and
Inislüd Inay judge of the candour and sincerity of
those })ersons \vho \vould obtrude such caltunnies to
the world.
It must therefore in the first })lace be known,
that \vhen those t\VO priests \vcrc put to deatl), the
war was conducted and carried on hy the two
houses of parlian1
nt; that the governll1Cnt of Ire-
land ,vas in the hands of the t,vo lords justices, Par-
sons and Borlacc, ,vho, upon thc cruelties first prac-
tised by the Irish catholics in tIlc heginning of the
rebellion, had forbidden any quarter to he given,
and taken all ,vays to incense the soldiers against
the Irish nation, and principally against all priests;
anù the marqui
of Ornlond ,vas only then lieu-
tenant gel1eral of the arlny, anù recei,,"pd all orders
froIn the lords justices, \vho "rerc jealous of hilll, as a
!)crson ,vho disscn1Llcd 110t his devotion to the J{ing,
and \vho were directed to ,vatch liis actions dS
strictly as if he had hecn thch cncnlY. At tllis
1\1 1.

Ib8

.il SlIORT VIE\V

time, the. marquis having intelligence that a party
of the rebels intended to be at such a time at the
N aas, he drew some troops together with a hope of
surprising theln; and marching all night, canle early
in the Inorning into the to\vn, from whence the re-
bels, upon notice, \vere ne\vly fled: in this to\vn
some of the soldiers found l\lr. Higgins, \vho n1ight,
it is true, easily have fled, if he had apprehended
any danger in the stay. \Vhen he was brought be-
fore the marquis, he voluntarily acknowledged that
he ,vas a priest, and that his residence was in that
town, from \vhence he refused to flyaway with
those ,vho were guilty, because he not only kne\v
himself very innocent, but believed that be should
not be \vithout an1ple evidence of it, having by his
sole charity and power preserved very 11lany of the
English protestants from the rage and fury of the
Irish; and therefore he only besought t.he Inarquis,
by his authority, to preserve him from the violence
of the soldiers, and to put hiu1 securely into Dub1in,
to be tried for any critne; which the Inarquis pro-
mised to do, and perforn1ed it; though with so
much hazard, that when it was spread abroad
among the soldiers that he was a priest, the officer
into whose custody he was intrusted., ,vas assaulted
by them, and it was as much as the marquis could
do to relieve him, and COlllpose the mutinyc When
he came to Dublin, he informed the lords justices
of the prisoner he had brought with him, of the
good testimony he had received of his peaceable
carriage, of the pains he had taken to restrain those
with 'Vh0I11 he had credit from entering into rebel-
,lion, and of the very luany charitable offices he.
had performed; of which there wanted not evi-

OF THE S1.'A'rE OF IRELAND. 169

dence enough, there being many then in Dublin,
who owed their lives, and whatsoever of their for-
tunes was left, purely to him: so that he doubted
not, he would be worthy of their protection. 'Vithin
a few days after, ,,,hen the Inarquis did not suspect
the poor Ulan to be in danger, he heard that sir
Charles Coote, ,vllo \vas provost marshal general, An instance
d k h . f . d d h . b of the
ha ta en Jm out 0 prIson, an cause nn to e bJoody dis-
d h . h . b .c. . position of
put to eat In t e Inornlng, elore, or as soon as It the English
was light; of which barbarity, ,vhen the lord nlar- rebels.
quis complained to the lords justices, he was so far
from bringing the other to be questioned, that he
found himself to be upon SOUle disadvantage for
thinking the proceeding to be other than it ought in
justice to have been. This was the case of 1\11".
Higgins, and this the marquis's part in it; and the
poor man was so far from complaining of his breach
of pronlise at his death, (how confidently soever it
l1lay be averred,) that he exceedingly acknowledged
tIle favour he had received from his lordship, prayed
for his prosperity, and lamented his ,vant of power
to do that which the \vorld saw his inclination
prompted him to. The proceeding against
lr.
"'hite ,vas very different, and in this 111anner. 1"lhe
marquis being upon the march with the army, he
quartered one night at Clonie, (a house of the earl
of Westmeath's, \vho \vas residing there ,vith his
,\ ife and fan1ily;) when he \vas at supper, many of
the officers being at the table, the lady of the house,
upon some whisper she received from a servant, ex-
pressed son1e trouble in her countenance; which thp
Juarcluis (who sat next her) perceiving, asked her
"'hat the matter \vas: she told him in his ear, that
she \vas in great apprehension on the behalf of an

170

A SHOlt'r VIE\V

honest man \vho ,vas in her house, and luuch feared
the soldiers, confessing that he was a priest. The
marquis replied, that if he ,vas in the house, and
kept himself there, he was in no danger; for as
the soldiers ,vould attempt nothing ,vhile he the
marquis stayed there, so he would leave a guard
at his departure, that should secure it against
stragglers, or any party that should stay hehind;
which he did accordingly. In the Inorning, when
he ,vas ready to 111arch, he received infornlation that
the rebels ,verc possessed of a IJass by which he was
to go; whereupon he sent SOllle troops to get a ford,
three nliles fron1 the way the army ,vas, to 111 arch,
and by that nlcans to COllle upon the rear of the rc-
bels by the tin1e the army could come to the pass;
which being done, (after a short encounter, in \vhich
nlany ,vere killed,) the rebels were put to flight, and
the pass gained. In this action Mr. White was
taken on horseback ,vith a case of l)istols, ,vho de-
sired to he brought to the luarquis; ,vhich being
done, he told him he \vas the person for \VhOl1l the
countess of'Vestmeath had besought his favour the
night before, and that his lordship had }JrOlllised that
he should be safe. The Inarquis told hill}, that if he
was the saIne person, it ,vas his own fault that he
was not safe; if he had stayed in the house he ,vas
in, this had not befallen hin}; that it was no\v ont
of his power to preserve hÍ111, hitnself being bouud
to observe those orders \vhich the lords justices had
given hitl1. Nevertheless he did endeavour to have
saved binl, at least till he might be brought to Dub-
lin: but the whole army (which was possessed by
the 1)arliau1cnt at \Vestminstcr, and hy the lords
justices, with a very hitter spirit against the Roman

OF THE STATE OF IRELAND. 171

catholic clergy) mutinied upon it, and in the end
conlpelled the marquis to leave him to that justice
which they \vere authorized to execute; and so the
Ulan \vas by then1 put to death. 'Vho can now,
upon these t\VO instances, (and no other have been
or can be given,) reasonably or honestly say, that the
n1arquis hath had his hands defiled \vith the blood
of priests? And froln the tinle that he l1ad the chief
power committed to hhn, there ,vas not only any
priest (how 111aliciously, or rebelliously, or treach-
erously soever they behaved thenlsclves to the
king's service, and to the person of the lord lieu-
tenant) \vho suffered death, but all other acts of rage
and blood, which are not necessary, though hardly
avoidable in the most just ,val', \vere declined and
discountenanced by hÏ1n.
I shall pass over the nlany tautologies and other
iUlpertinent cahul1nies in the said declaration; all
\vhich are sufficiently ans,vered and cleared by what
is already contained in this narrative; and shall
only insert the conclusion in their o\vn ,vords, which
were as follo,vcth: "For the prevention of these <:oncJusion
"evils and that the kin g dom ma y not be utterl y of th
cJc-
, claralion.
" lost to his l11ajesty and his catholic subjects, this
"congregation of archhishops, bishops, and other
"prelates and dignitaries of both clergies of this
"kingdolll, found ourselves Lound in conscience
" (after great deJiheration) to declare against the'
" continuance of his Inajesty's authority in the }1er-
"son of the lord Inarquis of Ormond; haying by
"his InisgovernUlent, ill conduct of his nlajcsty's
" arnlY, and hreach of public faith \vith the people,
" in the several particulars of the articles of peace,
" rendered hill1Self incapable of continuing that great

17

A SHOlt
' VIE\V

"trust any longer, being questionable before his
" luajesty for the aforesaid injuries and ill govern...
" nlent, (to ,vhich effect we \vill join \vith other
"l11ell1bers of this kingdoln in dra\ving a charge
" against hin1:) and \ve hereby Inanifest unto the
" people, that they are no longer obliged to obey
" the orders and commands of the said lord marquis
" of Ornlond; but are, until a general assembly of
"the nation can be conveniently called together,
" unanimously to serve against the common enelllY,
" for defence of the catholic religion, his 111ajesty's
" interest, their liberties, lives, and fortunes, in pur-
" suanc
of the oath of association; and to observe
" in the nleall tinle the fornl of governll1ent the said
"congregation shall prescribe, until other\vise 01'-
"dered by an asselubly, or until, by application to
" his Inajesty, he settle the same otherwise. And
" we do fuhninate the annexed exconllllunication of
" one date \vith this declaration, against all opposers
" of the san1e declaration."
It would probably appear an unnecessary, and
111ight be thought an uncharitable sharpness to in-
veigh against, or to observe by a gloss or paraphrase,
the logic and unavoidable consequence of the doc-
trine and particular conclusion in this nlonstrous
declaration; since all sober professors of the ROl11an
catholic religion nlust abhor it, as aiming at, and in-
deed assuming a jurisdiction, \vhich the united body
of the prelates and clergy in no one catholic king-
donl or country do pretend to have, and containing
several clauses, which by the established hnvs of
every kingdon1 and countl..y in Christendo111 are 111a-
nifestly treasonable: and it is much more requisite
to vindicate the marquis from the very natural im-

OF 'rHE STA1"'E OF IJ{ELAND. 173

putation of levity, and lTIOst supine relnissness of go-
Verlllnent, for not chastising and suppressing that
seditious spirit in the clergy, which, fronl the very
conclusion of the peace, perplexed and disturbed
him in whatsoever he went about, and infused jea-
lousies and distrusts into the hearts of the people;
and that he did not, upon this last transcendent
treason of the bishops, seize upon their persons, and
proceed against theln in an exelnplary \vay of jus-
tice: at least that he did not apprehend the ring-
leaders of them, after they had published their
wicked and rebellious excommunication, and taken
some sudden vengeance upon theln by any act of
outrage, when there was no means for a forinal pro-
ceeding by the common rules of justice, before the
effects of their presumption should have been dis-
cerned, by the shrinking a\vay and disbanding those
fe\v troops which then remained: and there is no
doubt but he will be thought by a1], who are not
enough acquainted \vith the telnper of that people,
much nlore liable to reproaches of that kind, than
to the other, of rigour and severity against the Ro-
man catholics, of which he \vas not in the least de-
gree guilty. But the truth is, he will easily be ab-
solved fronl that reprehension by all who are suffi-
ciently informed of the incredible and unreasonable
reverence \vhich the common people of that nation
}Jay to their clergy, of how inferior a rank soever,
and that they have all their directions and determi-
nations in that absurd veneration, that \vhen a regi-
lTIent hath heen nlarching by order of their general..
a seditions friar hath put himself into the head of
then1, taken the colours in his hand, and pronounced

174

A SIIORT VIE'V

dalunation to those ,vho should presunle to n1arch;
,vhereupon, notwithstanding all the comn1ands of
their superior officers, ,vho (though ROlnan catholics)
,vere for the most part scandalized at the delneanour
of their clergy, all the soldiers have thro\vn do,vn
their arms, and departed to their several habitations,
as it fell out in an expedition at Kilkenny.
Nor was it possible for the l11arquis to procure
justice to be inflicted in a civil or a martial ,yay
upon any ecclesiastical person, let his crime be wbat
it ,vonld; since even they ,vhose zeal and affection
to his n1ajesty's service ,vas unquestionable, and ,vh<?
,vere as highly offended at that intolerable carriage
and proceeding of the bishops and clergy as they
ought to be, and 'v hose duty ,vas not in the least
degree shaken by their declaration and excoffilnuni-
cation, were yet so tender of those imll1unities and
privileges which \vere said to belong to the church,
and so je
lous of the behaviour of the people in any
case which should be declared a violation of those
privileges, that they would by no means have a hand
in the inflicting capital punishment upon any church-
luan, without the approbation and cooperation of
the bishops, \"ho \vere not like to be so hard-hearted
as to consent to any judglnent upon the accessories
in those crimes, in which thenlselves ,vcre the prin-
cipals; so that he n1ust not only have deterlnined
by his o\vn single ,viII and judgn1ent ,vhat was to
he done in those cases, but he lnust have executed
that determination ,vith his own hand: and this
consideration obliged the marquis to all those conde-
scensions and sufferings, and upon all occasions to
endeavour to dispose and dissuade those pre]atcs

OF THE STATE OF IREl..AND. 175

fron1 any où:;tinatc and ruinous resolutions, rather
than to declare then1 to he enclnies \VhOU1 he could
n
ither refOI'lll nor punish.
The cxcolnmunication ,vas no sooner published The com;e,.
. (Iuenc
s of
hy the congregatIon, and consented to, and appro,red the wild
f } Ù . I 1 I I proceedings
hy the other part 0 t le IS lOpS ant c ergy W 10 of the Irish
"'ere sitting at Gah\
ay, hut they quickly discerned prelates.
ho,v Ï1nprudently, as ,veIl as un\varrantably, they
had proceeded in order to t1lcir o\vn ends; and that
they had taken care only to dissolve and disband all
thcir forccs, "ithout 111aking any kind of provision
for the opposition of the rchels, \vho had quickly
notice of their ridiculous madness, and \vere there-
upon advancing ,vith their ,vhole power upon then1 :
the people, ,vho gcnerally foresaw ,vhat Inust be the
issue of that confusion, thought of nothing but COITI-
pounding ,v.ith the rebels upon any conditions: the
nobility, and principal gentry, and the commission...
crs of trust, \v ho sa,v the \v hole power and j uris-
diction ,vrested fron1 theIn, and assul11ed and exer-
cised hy the congregation, continued their applica-
tion to the lord lieutenant, and desired hin1 not to
leave then1 exposed to the confusion which ll1ust at-
tcnd his departure: the gravest and lllost pious of
the clergy lamented the unskilful spirit of the rest;
and even sonle of the bishops, and others ,vho \vere
present at the congregation, and subscribed the ex-
communication, disclaimed their having consented
to it, though they ,vere obliged to sign it for con-
formity; so that they found it necessary, ,vithin
less than three days after the puhlishing it, to
suspend that dreadful sentcnce: anù yet, that it
Blight appear ho,v llll\villingly they did those acts
of gentll\neS
and soùricty, it ",ill not he rnnÎss to

176

A SHORT VIE'V

set down the letter itself, which the titular bishop
of Clonfert and Dr. Charles Kelly ,vrote to the offi-
cers of the army under the command of the lord
marquis of Clan rickard, to that purpose; which was
in these words:

Letter to " Yesterday "\\Te received an express fron1 the rest
suspend the
e
co
mu- "of our congregation at Gahvay, bearing their sense
mcabon. d h Lr f ..
"to suspen t e euects 0 the exconl111unlcatlon
" proclaimed by their orders till the service of Ath-
" lone be perforlned, fearing on the one side the dis-
" persion of the army, and on the other side having
" received most certain intelligence of the enelny's
" approach to that place, with their full force and
"number of fighting men; and thereupon would
" have u
concur with them in suspending the said
"excomrnunication. As for our parts, \ve do judge
" that suspension to be unnecessary and full of in-
"conveniencies, which we apprehend may ensue,
" because the excomlnunication may be obeyed, and
"the service not neglected, if the people were
" pleased to undertake the service in the clergy's
" nan1e, without relation to the lord of Ormond, or
" any that may take his part; yet fearing the cen-
" sure of singularity in a Inatter of so high a strain
" against us, or to be deemed l1lore for\vard in ex-
" communicating than others, also fearing the ,veak-
" ness of sonle, (which we believe the congregation
" feared,) we are pleased to folIo\v the Inajor vote,
" and, against our o\vn opinion, concur \vith theln ;
" and do hereby suspend the said censure, as above;
" provided always, that after that service perfornled,
"or the sel'vice be thought unnecessary by the
" clergy, or when the said clergy shall renew it,

OF 'rHE STATE OF IREI.,AND. 177

" it shall be presently incurred, as if the said :sus-
"pension had never been interposed; and so we
" relnain,
" Your assured loving
Corbie, Sept. 16th, 1650. " friends in Christ,
" \V ALTER BISHOP OF CLONFERT,
" CHARLES KELLY."

If these authentic evidences (of the truth whereof
there is not rOOln for the least doubt) were not in..
serted, who could believe it possible, that men en-
dued \vith common understanding, and professing
the doctrine of Christianity and the allegiance of
subjects, could, upon deliberation, publish such de-
crees? And who can wonder, that a people en-
slaved to, and conducted by, such spiritual leaders,
should become a prey to any enemy, though sup-
plied ,vith less po\ver, vigilance, and dexterity, than
those prosperous rebels al\vays \vere, \vho have pre-
vailed against them; and who, by all kind of re-
proaches, rigonI', and tyranny, have made that un-
happy congregation pay dear interest for the con-
tempt and indignity, with which they prosecuted
their sovereign and his authority.
Though most of the commissioners of trust, and The king
forced to
all the principal nobility, and the lnost considerable acts, which
· d . h . . I ffi . d gave coun-
gentry, remaine , In tell' partIcu ar a ectIons an tenance to
I . fi d I k . h . d . this beha-
reso utlons, rnl an uns 1a
en In tell' evotion to viour of the
the king, and in their submission to the authority of l Ir t ish pre-
a es.
his lieutenant, (notwithstanding the declaration and
excomlnunication;) yet there fell out an unhappy
accident, \vhich in this conjuncture seelned to giv

SOlne countenance, and did procure lunch subn1is-
sion, to that extravagant act of the clergy. The
VOL. VIII. N

178

A SHORT VIE"r

king \\
as in Scotland, and ,vas about. that tiUl{-', by
that fierce and unskilful part.y "rhich \",as t.hen pos-
sessed of the ,vhole power in the kingdom, abso-
lutely forced to consent, that is, to set his hand, to
several papers ,vhich ,v.ere proposed and brought to
hÏ111, and \vithout the doing whereof he ,vas plainlr
told he should have no po\ver or authorit.y over that
people, not \vithout itl1pIication enough, that his
person \votlld not long renlain at liberty; and they
\vho "rould have opposed those proceedings, both for
the lTInttel' and l1ìanner, if they had bpcn able, \yere
as inlportunate \vÎth his majesty to redeeu1 hiulself
fronl the n1Ïschiefs \vhich threatened hitn, by conl-
plying \vith \vhat he could not control, as the only
l11eans to recover that power \v}]ich \ras usurped
froln hinl, and \vhich indeed in a short tÌnle he did,
to a great degree, reduce to the proper channel.
Al110ngst the papers so obtained as aforesaid, there
,vas a declaration in his nlajesty's naHle, ,
by ,vhich
"the peace concluded \vith the Irish catholics in
" the year 1648, by authority fron1 the late king of
" ever glorious l11emory, and confirn1ed by llÎs 1Jla-
"jesty wllo now 'reigns, ,vas pronounced and ad-
" judged to be void, and that his lllajesty ,vas ab-
" solved from any observation of it;" and this not
grounded on those particular breaches, violations,
and affronts, which had been offered to his 111ajesty's
authority, and contrary to the express articles, pro-
visions, and promises of that treaty of peace; hut
upon the supposed unla\vfulness of concluding any
peace ,vith those persons, who wpre branded with
many ignolninies and reproaches. Albeit this decla-
ration in truth issued (in point of time) in Scotland
after the eXCOlTIlnUnication by the congregation at

OF 'rI-IE S'f.A TE OF IRELAND. 179

J ainesto\vn; yet the notice of it came so near the
tÏ1ne of the publication of the other, that the clergy
inserted it in their declaration, as if it had been one
of the principal causes and foundations of their ex-
communication, and depriving the marquis of his
authority, and the affections of aU their people \vho
\vere concerned in their interest to have the peace
ouserved, (\vhich they looked upon as the only foun-
dation of security for the nation and for their parti-
cular fortunes,) and \vere \villing to hearken to any
counsels \vhich were most like to oTide that that
peace should ue l1lade effectual and valid to thenl.
"Then the nlarquis first heard Inention of that de- Conduct of
. the mar-
claration in Scotland, he did really believe It a for- quis on the
gery, contrived, either by the English rebels or the ;

!:
de-
Irish congregation, to seduce the people fronl their claration.
affection and loyalty to the king; but ,,,hen soon
after he ,vas assured \vhat condition his Inajesty ,vas
in, and that in truth such a declaration \vas puh-
lished in his nanle, he Ï1nmediately issued out his
orders for the lneeting of an assell1uly at Loghreagh
on the fifteenth of November; and in the lllcan
time, on the t\venty-third of October, for the better
conlposing the nlinds of rnen, and preventing those
ùistcillpers, (,yhich nlight he infused,) he ,vrote to His letter
. . . to the com-
the comn11SSloners of trust, and took notIce of that missioners
declaration ,vhich ,vas published in Scotland, and of trust.
told thenl, " that however the affronts put upon his
" authority had been many, and \vere obstinately
" persisted in to that day, and in such places, ,,'here-
" upon evidently depended the preservation or loss
" of the ,vhole kingdom, "'hereof he had several
" till1eS ghren notice to theIn, and follo,,'cd the ,vays
" a(hrisrd hy thel11 for reclaill1ing the said p]aces
N2

180

,
A SHOll T VIE\V

" without success; yet, considering the declaration
" gained from his majesty ,vas without hearing \vhat
" could be said by the nation in their own deftnce,
" and such as involved it generally, without excep-
" tion, in the guilt of rebellion; he thought fit to
" let them kno\v, that since the said declaration was
" by undue means obtained froin his majesty, he
" ,vas resolved, by all the means it should please
" God to offer unto hinl, and through all hazards, in
" the behalf of the nation, to insist upon and assert
" the lawfulness of the conclusion of 'the peace by
"virtue of the aforesaid authority; and that the
" said peace ,vas still valid and Linding to his ma-
"jesty and all his subjects: and herein he told
" thenl, he was resolved, by the help of God, to per-
" sist, until both hilnsclf, and such as should in that
" behalf be intrusted and authorized by the nation,
" should have free and safe access to his Inajesty;
" and until, upon nlature and unrestrained consider-
" ation on \vhat might on all sides be said, his l11a.
" jesty should have declared his royal pleasure upon
" fill the affronts which had been put upon his au
hor-
" ity; provided, that upon this engagenlent of his,
" first, That all the acts, declarations, and excomlnu-
" nications, issued by the bishops against his author-
" ity, and the people's giving obedience thereunto,
"should be by the!1l revoked, and such assurance
" given as should be agreed by hinl and the COlll-
" missioners of trust; that they, nor any of theIn,
" should attenlpt the like for the future, and that
" they should contain theulselves \vithin the bounds
"prescribed by the articles of the peace, whereto
" they were parties. Secondly, That it should Ï1n-
"luediately be declared by the cOlnn1issioners of

OF 'rHE S'rA1.'E O:F IREIJAND. 181

" trust, that the said declarations, excolnmunica-
" tions, and other proceedings of the said bishops,
" was an un\varrantable usurpation upon his ma-
" jesty's just authority, and in them a violation of
" the peace; and that in case the bishops should not
"give the assurance before expressed, or, having
" given it, should not obser\Te the same, that they
" ,yould endeavour to bring the offenders to condign
" punishnlent, pursuant unto, and as is prescribed
" hy, the la,vs of the kingdom. Thirdly, That a
" like declaration should be Inade by all that derive
" authority from his majesty, civil or Inartial, and-
" by the respective lnayors, alderuIen, coronIon coun-
'" cilnlen, burgesses, and other magistrates in the
" corporations of the kingdoln. Fourthly, That the
" lord lieutenant should be permitted to make his
"free and safe residence in any place he should
" choose within the linlits not possessed hy, the re-
"bels. Fifthly, That he should be ilnmediately
" suffered to garrison such places and in such nlan-
" ner, according to the articles of peace, as he should
" find necessary for the defence of the kingdoln. In
" the last place, he wished that sonle course might
h be taken for his support in SOlne proportion an-
h swerable to his place, yet ,vith regard to the state
" of the kingdonl; which last he said he should not
" propose, but that he was deprived of all his o,vn
" fortune, whereupon he had ,vholly subsisted ever
" since his coming into the kingdom."
The comn1Ïssioners of trust received his lettcr Answer of
. I II d . f . 1:'. . the COIll-
WIt 1 a el110nstratIon 0 respect and satIslactlon, missioners.
and the very next day returned hirn an ans\ver; in
\vhich, after they had lall1ented the issuing out that
declaration in Scotland, they said, " It greatly com-
N3

182

SHOlrr VIE\V

" forted thcln to understand that his excellency ,vas
" resolved, through all hazards, in behalf of the na-
" tion, to insist upon and to assert that peace, and
" persist in so doing, until he, 01' such as should be in-
" trusted and authorized by the nation, should have
"free and safe access unto his Inajesty, and as to
" those provisoes \vhich ,vere expressed as necessary
" conditions for the continuance of his l11ajesty's au-
" thority alnong thenl; which they said they did
" (notwithstanding the said declaration) still enl-
" brace and reverence:" beside their general profes-
sion to act what lay ,vithin their po\ver in the ,vays
of his Inajesty's service, and to the satisfaction of his
lieutenant, they returned these ensuing an
\vers.
As to the first, concerning the revocation of those
acts, declaration, and exconlnlunication, issued by the
bishops, and the assurance delnanded, that nothing
of that kind should be attenlpted for the future;
they said, " That his excellency (to 'Vh0I11 they had
"often expressed their resentolent of such their
"proceedings) Inight be confident they \vould la-
" bour, as far as in thenl lay, to see his excellency
" satisfied in that particular; and to that end they
" ,voldd all, or sonle of theIn, ,,,ith his allowance,
" and as he should think fit, repair to Galway, to
" treat with the prelates upon that subject." To
the second they answered, " That albeit they kne,v,
" that by the censures of the bishops his nlajesty's
" authority ,vas invaded, and an un,varranted go-
" vernll1ent set up, contrary to the laws of the king-
" dom; and that they,vere assured no subject could
" be justly ,varrantcd hy that excolnulunication to
"deny obedience to his Inajesty's authority in his
,,' excellency; yet Lcing of opinion that a public dc-

OF
rHE srrAr.rE (>:F I11ELAND. 188

" claration of that kind in that conjuncture of affairs
" ought properly, and \vould with Inore countenance
" and authority move from an assembly than froll1
" thenl, and that froln such a public declaration at
" that tiole from thelTIselves, they should \vholly ob-
" struct the \vay to prevail \vith the prelates to \vith-
" draw those censures or acts \vhich ,vas desired by
" the fornler proposition, and like\vise endanger the
" union that was necessary at present, in opposing
" the COl111110n enemy, and prejudice the hopes of a
"ßlore perfect union for the future, \vherein the
"preservation of all the nation would principally
" consist: they did therefore nl08t hUlnbly beseech his
" excellency to call an assenlbly of the nation, from
" \Vh0111 such a declaration, as might be effectual in
" that behalf, and Inight settle those distractions,
" could only proceeð: yet if in the nlean tÎ1ne, and
" before the 11leeting of that assenlbly) those cen-
"sures then suspended should be revived, they
" \vould endeavour to suppress their influence upon
" the people by such a declaration, as should be-
'.' COOle loyal subjects, and nlen intrusted to see all
"due ohedience paid to his nlajesty's governnlent
" over the whole kingdom." To the third they an-
s\\t'ered, "
'hat t hey would at all times, and in such
" Inanner as his excellency should think fit to prc-
" scribe, invite all or any of his nlajesty's ROlnan
" catholic subjects to such a declaration, \vhich yet
" (until they should understand the clergy's sense
" UpOll the first proposition) they said they did hUln-
" bly represent as fit for a tilne to be forborne."
To the fourth they ans\vered, " That ,vhatsoever
"his excellency should find to be within their
" po\ver, and \vould direct to be done, concerning a
N4

184

A SHOR'f VIE\V

" place of residence for his person, they would rea-
" dily obey his lordship's cOlnmands therein." To
the fifth they answered, "That upon conference
" \vith his excellency of the places fit to be garri-
" son ed, and the number of men fit to be put in
" then1, they would, according to the articles of the
" peace, use their utmost endeavour to have such
" garrisons, so agreed upon, adlnitted." And to the
last they said, " They had at all times been ready
" and willing that his excellency's charge should be
"supported out of the revenue of the kingdolll;
" and that they '\vere now ready to concur in the as-
" signing any of the dues already accrued, or such
" as should gro,v due hereafter, or to in1pose any
" new allotment upon the subject, towards his main-
" tenance."
'Vhen the lord lieutenant perceived that the tem-
per and the desire of the con1missioners of trust was
so different from that of the congregation, and that
in truth they were afflicted and scandalized at the
exorbitancies of the other, and that they thought
they should be able to reduce them froin the de-
structive counsels they were engaged in; he would
not, upon any experience or judgment of his own,
restrain them from attempting what was not impos-
sible to compass, and which many concluded would
have been cOITIpassed, if attempted; and which,
w hat other effect soever it bad, '\vould luake it ma-
nifest, that there was not a concurrence in the na-
tion in those acts which '\\ ere like to destroy the
nation. And therefore he willingly consented that
the c0111missioners should go to Gahvay, where a
committee of the congregation resided; whereof the
bishop of Fernes was one: to Wh0111 they shewed

OF THE srrArrE OF IRELAND ]85

the letter they received fronl the lord lieutenant, Commis-
· . d f h k . sioners of
and desIred thenl to conS1 er the state 0 t e.
Ing- trust ex-
d k f h I th . d postulate
dOl11; an to now rom t el11, w 1at ey conceIve with the
remained that nli g ht tend best to the P reservation committee
, of the con-
of the nation and themselves. They told them, that gregation
of the pre-
a union could not be had for the preservation oflates.
the nation, \vithout keeping the king's authority
an10ngst thenl, for that l11any of the most consider-
ahle \vould instantly l11ake their conditions with the
enemy, if the king's authority \vere taken away;
and that there was no hope of keeping or leaving
that authority \'Tith them, but by revoking the ex-
communication and declaration; for the lord lieu-
tenant \vould not stay to keep it, nor would he leave
it, nor the marquis of Clanrickard undergo it, but
upon those ternlS: ,vhereupon they used all those
reasons and argulnents, \vhich cannot but occur to
all lHen "rho are not blinded \vith passion and pre-
judice, to induce thenl to such a retraction as could
only advance the happiness, or indeed the suh-
sistence of the nation.
But the Roman catholic bishops \vere inexorable; Their BO-
. d f 1, . f .c. d swer to the
lnstea 0 auatIng any 0 that lury they ha for- ,'ollnuis-
I d th dd d I . d sioners of
Iner y cxpresse, ey a e ne\v contunle les an trust.
reproaches to all the authority of the king. They
said, " they observed by the lord lieutenant's letter,
" that he infornled his majesty of the disobedience
" and affronts \vhich had been put upon his author-
" ity; and consequently, that he had suggested
" Inatter unto his Inajesty for the lnaking that dc-
,. claration against the people that they had perused,
" the declaration \vhich had been puhlished in Scot-
" land, disavo\ving the peace; and that they ,,,ere
" of opinion, for ought appeared to theIn, that the

It)u

,A, SIIOlt'l' VIE\V

" king had thereby ,vithdra,yn his cOllunission and
" authority from the lord lieutenant. That in the
" said declaration, the Irish nation (as bloody re-
" bels) \vere cast fron1 the protection of the king's
" Ia\vs and royal favour; and therefore it n1Ïght be
" presulued, that he would not have his authority
" kept over such a nation, to govern thenl. That
" they had been of opinion, and all their endeavours
"had been enlployed to keep the king's authority
"over theITI; but ,vhen his Inajesty throws él\Vay
"the nation as rebels froln his protection, ,vith-
" drawing his o\vn authority, they could not under-
" stand the mystery of preserving the saIne with
"thenl or ov"er thenl, nor ho,v it could be done.
"That they IJclieved the best renlcdy (the king's
" authority being taken a\vay by that declaration)
" of lueeting the inconvenience of the people's clos-
" ing with the parlianlent, is the returning to the
" confederacy, as, they said, was intended by the
" nation in case of a breach of the peace on his Ina-
" jesty's part. That they said would keep an union
" alTIOng them
if men ,vould not be precipitately
" guilty of the breach of their oath of association;
" ,vhich oath, by t\VO solelnn orders of two several
" assemblies, \vas to continue binding, if any breach
" of the articles of peace should happen on his nla-
"jesty's part: that the king's authority and the
" lord lieutenant's commission being recalled by that
" declaration, they \\rere of opinion that the lord
" lieutenant had no authority to leave; and if they
" must expose their lives and fortunes to the hazard
" of fighting, for making good that peace, seeing the
" danger and the prejudice was alike to defend that,
" or get a better peace, \vhy should they bind then)..

OF 'rHE S'r.A, 'rI
(Jl
' IJ-IEl..,A,ND. 187

h selves \vithin the limits of tho
e articles so dis-
" avo\\red?" And so ,vith :several tautologies urged
the declaration in Scotland, as the ground and ex-
cuse for all their proceedings, ,vhen ,vhat they had
done was before the issuing of any such declaration.
'fhcy concluded; that " they could not consent ,vith
" safety of conscience to the revoking their declara-
"tion and excomn1unication, as deluanded by the
" lord lieutenant, nor to give assurance to hinI, or
" the COlll111issioners of trust, for not attelnpting the
" like for the future."
They ,rould not make this declaration in a case
of conscience of so vast an extent and i111portance,
,vithout setting down their reasons under their
hands; which it ,vould not he reasonable (for the
doctrine's sake) to conceal fron1 the ,vorld, that it
lllay the bettel
judge of those particular spiritual
guides, (for I do heartily wish that the conclusions
,vhich ,vere J11ade, and the ruin that fIo,ved fro111
thence, Inay not at any time reflect to the prejudice
of more than the particular persons '\Tho made them-
sel yes guilty of that mass of mischief, and to,vards
'v hOln I shall not labour in an apology.)
1. 'rheir first reason ,vas, because the king's au-
thority ,vas not in the lord lieutenant; nor ,vas
there, they said, power in them to confer a new au-
thority on hilll, "rhich would be destructive to the
nation if it continued in him, and was like to prove
a preservative if in another; and that, they said,
,vas their sense, ,vhen t1
ey declared against the
authority in his person. So that though they had
preslunption to take the king's authority out of his
licutcnant's hand, hy thcir declaration and CXCOlll-
111unication, and to inhibit all 111Cn to subrnit to it,

188

A SHORT VIE\V

they had now the ll)odesty to confess that they had
not power to confer any new authority on hinl;
their faculty of destroying ,vas so Bluch better than
that of preserving.
2. Their second ,vas, that they feared they should
lose the fe\\r churches renlaining under his govern-
luent, as they had lost under him all the churches of
the cities of 'Vaterford, Kilkenny, \Vexford, aud the
rest; in 'v hich, they said, they agreed \vith the l\lac-
cabees, J.1IaxiNlus et priJJlUS pro saJlcfitate filllor
erat fe1Ill)li. By ,vhose ill government those cities
were lost, appears by what hath been said before;
and ho\v ,veIl the few that ,vere then left \vere kept
after they had forced the Inarquis to depart the king-
donl, it is too well kno,vn unto the world.
S. The third reason they thought fit to offer was,
because the lord lieutenant had declared at Cork,
that he ,vould Inaintain, during his life, the pro-
testant religion, according to the exalnple of the
best refornled churches, \vhich 11light be the same
in substance ,vith the covenant for ought they
kne\v: they said they could not expect from hio1
the defence of the catholic religion; which ,vas a
strange objection against a protestant lieutenant of
a protestant king, under whose government they
pretended to he desirous to live: and \vhatever had
been declared hy the lord lieutenant at Cork in that
particular was before the conclusion of the treaty of
peace, and published and printed, and ,veIl kno\vn
to those bishops; \vho after the san1e, (and not\vith-

tanding that declaration,) with all demonstrations
of cheerfulness, gave their con
ent to that peace
,,"hich they no,v think fit to break hecause of that
declaration.

OF TIlE STATE OF IRELAND. 189

4. The fourth reason was cast in the same Inould,
the scandal over the world, to make choice of one
of a different religion, especially in ROlne, ,vhere his
holiness expected that a catholic governor should be
placed over them; and they said they did fear the
scourges of ,val' and plague, that had fallen so heavy
upon thenl, were SOllIe evidences of God's anger, for
putting God's cause and the church's undt'r such
hands; whereas that trust lllight have been llla-
naged in a catholic's hand under the king's author-
ity: "rhich reason had indeed nlost ingenuity in it :
and whenever they disguised their malice and their
prejudice in those personal reproaches and calun1nies
which they kno\v to be Inost untrue, if they had
frankly declared and excepted against hill1 for being
a protestant, they had Blore conlplied ,vith the dic-
tates and integrity of their hearts: and yet it lnight
appear a very unskilful and itnprudent suggestion,
to nlake the hun10ur of the court of Rome their rule
of obedience to their sovereign, and to discourse of
choosing a person of ,vhat religion they thought fit
to Le his vicegerent; as if they, not he, \verc to be
consulted in it; ,vhich \vould adlninister Inuch cause
of jealousy to a protestant king and to his protestant
suhjects, if it \vere not as nluch kno,,-n to thein, that
the whole catholic nobility and gentry of the nation
were cnen1ies to those resolutions, as that that un-
happy part of the catholic bishops and clergy did
hroach and propagate that new and destructive ùoc-
trine, which alone hath reduced the nation to the
calan1ities it now undergoes.
5. "fhe fifth reason was, that they should find no
succour or countenance, but reproach and disgrace,
fron1 any catholic prince of the church, or laity,

190

A SI-IOR1
YIE'V

whilst the l11arquis governed; ,vhen, in truth, since
that tinle, and that their proceedings have been
taken notice o:t all catholic princes have looked
upon them as uncapable of any succour or counte-
nance, and have accordingly left thenl to the rage
and rapine of their bloody and Inerciless persecut.ors.
Their other reasons \vere their vulgar, and so oft
before recited exceptions to his person, in respect of
the ill success of his conduct, and the prejudice the
people had to hinl in regard of the sanle; and they
said the two considerable corporations reillaining
(,vhich were Limerick and Gahvay) ,vere at so great
a distance with the lord lieutenant, that they ,verc
thought to be resolved not to SUbl11it to hiln, though
they resolved to appear (as in their intentions and
actions they conceived theJ: ,vere) faithful to the
cro\vn, and obedient to the king's authority, if placed
in another person.
To ,vhich suggestions nothing need be added to
'v hat hath been said in this discourse of the de-
nleanour of those particular places; nor can the ob-
servation be ayoided, that it was the natural prac-
tice of this congregation to use all their industry
and artifice to infuse jealousy and sedition into the
people, and distrust and obstinacy into the corpora-
tions, and then to urge that jealousy, prejudice, and
indisposition of the people and corporations to coun-
tenance any thing that they thought fit to do or to
oppose. They concluded, that the event of ,val'
being uncertain, if the nation should be reduced to
the condition of agreeing ,vith the enemy, the lord
lieutenant ,volIld not be a fit Ulan to agree for the
cÀer
ise of their religion, for their clJurches, altars,
or any thing concerning the Sal11e: and therefore

OF 'rI-IE STATE OF IREI..A.ND. 191

they said, that the best ,yay that occun
ed to theIn,
in this pressing exigency, for the union of the na-
tion, and keeping then1 froln agreeing "Tith the
enenlY, ,vas, that the Inarquis of Clanrickard (in
,vhou1, according to the sense of the congregation at
J amesto\vn, they desired the king's authority might
be left) lnight goyern the nation "Tith the consent
of all parties, and the king's authority be taken fro111
the lord lieutenant, until an asselnbly; and to that
end, that a free and la\vful asselnbly might be Inade
to sit and judge upon the people's preservation, and
to decree and order ,,,,hat should be best and safest
for the defence of the nation, and touching the
king's authority to be kept over theIn, and the peace
to be asserted and made good, or to rene\v the asso-
ciation, or any thing else they should find best and
most expedient: and to that they ,voltld \villingly
submit; for, they said, they never intended to hin-
der an asseillbly, or to give la\vs to the people; all
that they endeavoured ,vas, to defend the altars and
souls intrusted to them; and as they were of opi-
nion that the soldiers would follo,v the lnarquis of
Clan rickard, and the people obey him, so they ,yould
contribute their best endeavours to that effect. They
further gave assurance, that if a free and la\vful as-
sembly, upon due consideration of tl1eir o"rn state
and condition, should find it the best way, for their
o,vn safety and preservation, to 111ake an agreenlent
,vith the enemy, as they intended never, by the
grace of God, to grant a,vay fron1 thenl by an af-
firlnative consent the churches and altars, (if forced
froln theln they ,verc blamelcs
,) f.O \vould they not
hinder the people frolll C0111pounding \vith the cncnlY
for the safety of their lives and estates, ,,,hen no ,,?ny

19f1

A SHORT VIEW

of defence was appearing, though upon such an agree-
ment they sa,v that they alone should probably be
the losers of lives, estates, churches, altars, ilnnluni-
ties, and liberties: but in such contracts ,vith the
enemy, if any should happen, C\vhich they ,vished
God ,,,ould avert,) they should pray and conjure the
catholics of Ireland, that that of the Maccabees
nlight be recorded of thel11 to future ages: Erat
1 Jro uxoribus, et filiis, 1Jro fratribus et cog'Jiatis
minor solicitlldo, 1JlaxÎ1llUs vero, et 1JrÏ11111s, pro
.yallctitate erat tÏ1JZor teJJI]Jli.
And this was the answer delivered to the COIll-
missioners of trust upon the fifth of N ovem bel' 1650,
at Galway, by the titular bishops of Killalah, Fernes,
Kihnedough, Clonfert, Kilfinorah, and Dromore, after
several and long conferences with the said comillis-
sioners of trust, who were intrusted by the nation
upon the proposals made by the lord lieutenant, and
the before recited; the comnlissioners at that con-
ference being like\vise six, sir Lucas Dillon, sir Ri-
chard Barnwall, sir Richard Everard, 1\11". Richard
Beling, Mr. Jeffery Brown, and Dr. Fennell; all
enlinent persons in their fortunes and interests, and
in the trust and confidence of the confederate catho-
lics. I take llluch, very 111uch more pleasure in re-
nlembering, (which l1lakes nle say it upon all oppor-
tunities, to prevent the usual prejudice that is too
frequently let loose upon whole nations, conununi-
ties, and professions, for the guilt and errors of par-
ticular persons, officers, and professors,) that not only
the whole nobility and gentry of fortune and in-
terest, some very few excepted, but many learned
and pious nlen of the secular and regular clergy,
and even some of their bishops, did abhor and abo-

O
' '-rHE S'!'A'rE OF IREI,AND. 19
)

Ininate the proceedings of this congregation, and
the doctrine they infused into the people; and that
the same was disavowed by some of those bishops
\vho were last mentioned, as being obtruded on
thelTI by the major vote, or done by their procura-
tors, ,vithout their assent or knowledge: I say, I
take more pleasure in remembering this, than in-
serting such incredible actions, argulllents, and dis-
courses (or nlaking sharp reflections on the same) of
that unhappy, unprelatical, uncatholic congregation;
\vhich can never be looked upon by ,vise Dlen of any
profession as consisting of grave, tenlperate, or loyal
persons, but as factious, rash, violent, and disloyal
IDen, assenlbled \vithout authority, transported \vith
spleen, arrogance, and anlbition; taking advantage
of the ill successes whereof themselves \vere guilty,
as the lllarquis said in his letter of the second of
Decenlber, \vhich he sent to the assell1bly at Logh-
reagh \vhen he left the kingdom; of \vhich letter, if
an exact copy could have been gotten, this discourse
\vould have been needless, there being so alllple a
vindication of whatsoever was or could be said
against him in the other. Nor can any man avoid
the observing, by the express ,yords of the conclu-
sion, upon their reasons in their conference with the
c0l11missioners, that though they seemed to desire
that the marquis of Clanrickard (whose zeal to the
catho1ic religion and interest in the nation \vas so
notorious and confessed, that they durst not repine
publicly at his kno,yn affection and integrity to the
king) ßlight govern the nation \vith the consent of
all parties, and that the king's authority fronl the
lord lieutenant Blight be left in hiln; yet th
y de-
clared they nleant it should only be until an as-
VOl.. VIII. 0

JU,t

1\ SHOR'r VIE'"

sCluhly, (\vhich they well knc\v, hy thc express ternlS
of the articles of the pCDce, could he only la,vfully
convened by the lord lieutenant;) and then that the
asselnbly should judge of the people's preseryation,
and to decree and order ,,,hat should be best and
safest for the defence of the Ilation, touching the
king's authority to be kept over theIn, the peace to
he asserted and Inade good, or to rene,v the associa-
tion, or any thing else they should find best and
most expedient: so that they intended no other ho-
nour to the l1larquis of Clanrickard, than that by
his countenance and reputation they Blight persuade
the lord lieutenant to leave the king's authority be-
hind hiln, and then that he should call an assclnbly,
<\vhich they ,vould other,vise do theulselves, and
'v hich they \vere sure should he coustituted, for the
1110st part., of such men as ,vould follo\v tlJeir dic-
tates,) by \vhich hitnself should be divested of that
po,ver, and the king deposed fronl any further do-
111inion over theIn, \vhen they could persuade any
foreign prince to take them into his protection;
\vhich practice they quickly set on foot after\vards :
and for the further l1lanifestation of their affection
and loyalty to the king, ,vhich they cannot endure
should yet be called in question, it is observahle,
that these ll1en, ,vho had so often contradicted and
controlled the express acts of every assenlbly that
had been convened since the beginning of the trou-
bles, and no\v conunanded the people, under l)ain of
damnation, not to yield any obedience to the king's
authority in his lieutenant, and declared, that they
could not, ,,,ith the safety of their consciences, con-
sent to the propositions ,vhich he had lately Inade
for ihc uniting of the nation, in defence of the peace,

OF THE STATE OF IRELAND. 195

so advantageous to their liberty and religion, and
which the comlnissioners, trusted by and for the na-
tion, thought so reasonable ;-these men, I say, made
no scruple of professing and declaring, that if an as-
sembly, upon due consideration of their own state and
condition, should find it the best ,yay, for their safety
and preservation, to lllake an agreement \vith the
enemy, (the rebels of England, who had n1urdered
their late sovereign with those inhuman circun1-
stances, and \vho professed the extirpation of their
religion and nation, and had massacred and re-
proachfully executed so tllany of their bishops and
clergy in cold blood,) they could not hinder the
people from compounding with them, for the safety
of their lives and estates: which being seriously
considered, \ve cannot enough wonder at the strange
stupid resignation of their understandings \vho be-
lieved, or rather at their \vonderful conteillpt of
those understandings in those \vno \vould be per-
suaded to believe, that this congregation had loyal
purposes to\vard the king, or that they never in-
tended to hinder assemblies, or to give la\v to the
people, \vhen they cancelled all the fundamental
la\vs, broke through all the acts of their o,vn as-
sembly, and forbad the people to pay any obedience
to the king's lieutenant, who had only the la"rful
po,ver to govern theln. The 1110re extravagant and
unreasonable these proceedings \vere of the congre...
gation and clergy, the l110re confident tuany honest
and wise n1en \vere, that an assembly of the nation
\\rould regulate and control that unlinlÎted power,
and utterly disavo,v all that they had done; and
thcrcfore t
ey, \vho \vere exceedingly offended anù
enraged against the congregation, ,vcrc as
olicitous
02

19G

A SHORrr
VIE'V

and importunate \vith the lord lieutenant to call an
assenlbly: and though he had had too 11luch expe-
rience of the nature and temper of that people, and
of the transcendent power the clergy \voldd still
have over any assen1bly, (or at least over the people,
when the assenlbly had done what it could,) to hope
for any good effects from it; and though he saw
that be should thereby the more expose his o,vn ho-
nour and (,vhich he considered much nlore) the dig-
nity of his nlaster to ne\v insolences; yet, since he
resolved to leave the kingdom hinlself, and ,vas only
unresol ved whether he should leave the king's au-
thority behind him liable to the saIne indignities
and affronts, in the person of the Inarquis of Clan-
rickard, \vhich it had been subjected to in his o,vn,
and could have no kind of assurance that it should
not, but by the professions and protestations of an
assembly, he did resolve to call one, and issued out
Lord Jicu- his letters to that purpose for their Ineeting upon
tenant cans h h f N b L h h h ]
an assembly t e 15t 0 1 ovem er at og reag ; ,v ere t ley
at Logh- filet accordin g l y . and the bisho p s for removin g as
reagh. ' , ,
they said, of any jealousies that any Inight appre-
hend of their proceedings, declared and protested,
Protesta- "that by their excommunication and declaration at
tion of the
bishops. " J alnestO\vn in August last, they had no other ailn
" than the preservation of the catholic religion and
" the people; and that they did not purpose to Inake
" any usurpation on his m[
esty's authority, nor on
"the liberty of the people; confessing that it did
The assem- "not belong to their jurisdiction so to do:" ,vith
b1y satisfied
therewith. which protestation (so contrary to what they had
done, and \vhich in truth they had so often Blade,
even at the tinle they did all things contrary to it)
the assembly was satisfied; and did not so nll1ch as

OF 'l'I-IE S'r.A.'rE O:F IIlELAND. 197

ßlake another protestation, that the bishops had done
that \vhich they ought not to do, nor exacted a pro-
111ise from thenl, that they \vould not do the like in
time to COlne. So that the lord lieutenant \vas re- \Vhich
.. makes the
solved to look no more for satIsfactIon froln then}, lord lieu-
h ., h . fì h b I . tenant re-
nor expose t ekIng s aut orlty urt er y eaving solve to
any deputy behind hiln; but prepared the best he

;:d

:
could to depart the kin g dom a slnaU frigate then without a
, deputy.
attending for that service.
\Vhen the assen1bly understood this his resolu-
tion, and saw plainly that he was even ready to de-
part, his goods and many of his servants being on
board, they sent four of the n1el11bers of their house
to hiln, with an instrunlent in writing; in which Letter from
. . the assem-
they repeated the declaratIon and protestatIon made bly to the
b I I · h . d b .c - d lord lieu-
y t l
JIS OpS nlentione elore; upon conSI era.. tenant on
tion of ,vhich and their P rofessions to that P ur p ose t!'at resolu-
, tlOD.
in the assembly, and of his excellency's letter dated
the 16th of November last, " recommending to thenl,
" as the chief end for ,vhich the asselnhly was called,
" the re1l10ving of all divisions as the best way to
" their preservation," they said, that the lords spi-
ritual and temporal, and the gentry nlet in that as-
selllùl,y, conceived, "that there ,vas not a bettcr
" foundation or ground for their union, than their
" holding to and obeying his Jnajesty's authority, to
" which t.hey owned, and ought to pay all dutiful
" obedience: and they did t.hereby declare and pro..
"test, that their allegiance unto his D1ajesty's au-
" thority was such, and so inherent in them, that
" they could not be withdra\vn frolH the same; nor
" was there any power in the lords spiritual or tenl-
" poral, gentry or people, clergy or laity of the king-
., dOll}, that could alter, change, or take away his
03

LOla lieu-
tenant's
answer.

198

A SHOlt1.' VIE\V

" Iuajesty's authority; they holding that to be the
" chief flower of the cro\vn, and the support of the
" people's liberties, which they did thereby declare,
" protest, and avo\v, and that they did esteem the
" same, and the obedience thereunto, essentially, in-
" violably, and justly due fron1 them, and th
chief-
"est means under God to uphold their union and
" preservation: and they said, they did unanimously
" beseech his excellency, in his great affection to the
" advancen1ent of his n1ajesty's service, and his hearty
" desires of the nation"s preservation, to \vhich they
"said he had relations of highest concernment in
" blood, alliance, and interest, to leave that author-
" ity \vith then1, in sOlne person faithful to his ma-
" jesty, and acceptable to the nation; to ,vhich per-
" son, \vhen he should be made known unto them,
" they said they \vould not only afford all due obe-
" dience, but would also offer and propose the best
" \vays and means that God would please to direct
" them to, for the preservation of his lllajesty's rights,
" and the people's interests and liberty, and for the
" begetting a ready obedience in all places and per-
" sons unto his majesty's authority."
This advice, though it carried \vith it a particular
respect fron1 the assell1bly to the lord lieutenant, and
an ackno\vledgment of the faithful and hearty af-
fection he had ahvays had to advance his Inajesty's
interest and service in that kingdol11, contrary to
the scandalous declaration of the congregation, gave
not the lnarquis the least confidence that his lna-
jesty's authority could find more respect in the per-
son of another, than it had met \vith in him; there-
fore he wrote to theln by the same messengers, "that
" he had sent authority to the lord marquis of Clan-

OF' r.!'HE S'!'A r.!'E OF IRELAND. 199

" rickard to govern that his lnajesty's kingdolll and
" people; provided, that thcir declaration nlight he

, so far explained as to give the Inarquis of Clan-
" rickard full satisfaction, that the exprcssions they
" lTIade, touching the obedience they owned and re-
" solved to pay unto his ll1ajesty's authority, ,vas
" Incant the authority placed in his lordship, or any
"other governor deriving or holding his authority
" froin his lnajesty; and that they esteemed it not
"in the po,ver of any person, congregation, or as-
" senlhly ,vhatsoever, to discharge or set the people
" fl'ee fron1 obeying his lordship, or any other such
" governor, during the continuance of the said au-
" thority in hin1; without \vhich, he said, he could
" not, in duty to his nlajesty, leave his authority,
" subject to he tossed to and fro at the uncertain
" fancy of any Inan or men, and that \vithout any
" probability of saving the nation, which could no
" other\vise be effected, than by the absolute cheer-
"ful obedience of the people unto the authority
'" placed over thenl." And so having directed the He deputes
.. . the marquis
lllarquis of Clanrlckard (\vho subnl1tted to the charge of (;)allrick.
out of l)ure obedience, and only that he nlight not ard.
decline a service \vhich they \ ouid say \\rould have
preserved the nation) not to aSSlll11C the charge, un-
less the assembly gave hin1 full satisfaction in the
particulars requir
d hy hinl, the lord lieutenant, Leaves Ire-
ahout the Iniddle of Decemher, which ,vas the end hmd.
of the year 165U, hy the new account, clubarkcd
hin1self in a small vessel for France, aftcr he l)ad
refused tu receive a pass frolH Ireton, who ofiereù
it; choosing rather to trust the seas anù the \VillÙS,
in that rough and hoisterous season of the ycar, than
to receive an oLligation fronl the rebels: and so after
04

And lanùs
in :France.

QOO

A 51-l01t 1.' VIE\V

ha ving been tossed at seà for the space of son1C
weeks, and his other ships, in ,vhich ,vere his ser-
vants, and goods, and t11any other persons, were l)e-
rishing in the storln, hiInself landed in France.
If the end of this discourse 'v ere only to vindi-
cate the l11arquis of Ormond from those loose re-
proaches and groundless calumnies, with ,vhich those
bold writers have endeavoured to asperse him, it
might be very ,veIl concluded here, after it hath so
clearly instanced the insupportable wants, \veakness,
and distractions he was to struggle with, even froln
the first rninute of the conclusion of the IJeace, and
when he seemed to be attended with the ll10st suc-
cess, and so fully evidenced the vast supplies, wealth,
po\ver, and (which n1akes the rest superior to the
greatest and most difficult designs) the union of the
ll10st prosperous rebels; and on the other side, the
weakness, poverty, and unskilfulness of the Irish;
their want of Inoney, of arn18, of victuals, of officers,
and of discipline, and, ,vhich would have I1Jade any
plenty unsuccessful, tbe abundant ,vant of union,
discretion, and obedience to the superior con1ll1ander;
the rebellion of the incorporate towns against all the
cOll1n1ands and orders of the king's lieutenant; and
la
tlJ, the extravagant and unlÍ1nited power of the
1110st illiterate and worst affected part of the clergy
over the consciences and understandings of the peo-
ple ;-1 say, all these particulars being so undeni-
ably evinced, the world (at least the soberer part of
it) will be very easily satisfied, that the Inarquis of
Orlllond discharged the office of a ,vise, vigilant, and
excellent cOlnrnander, with the greatest constancy,
courage, and integrity imaginable; and that none of
the calamities, under ,vhich that unhappy nation

OF TI-IE srr,A,TE OIi1 IREL..:\ND. !201

lies at present oppressed and broken, can be put
upon his account. But since there ,vas, and is still,
so llluch profession of duty and obedience to the
king's authority, and all the llliscarriages and lllis-
fortunes imputed to the prejudice that attended the
person of the marquis of Orlnond, and that the pre-
judice to his person proceeded frol11 his religion,
from his being no Rornan catholic; it ,vill not be an
in1pertinent or unprofitable expense of tÏIne, to take
a vie\v of the ways 'v hich ,vere taken to preserve
the nation, to advance the king's service, and the
obedience that was paid to his majesty's authority,
after it \vas placed in the marquis of Clanrickard;
\vhose zeal and devotion to the Roman catholic reli-
gion hath been ahvays as eminent and unquestioned
as his loyalty and integrity to the king, and ,vhose
being a catholic hath not been able to shelter hilll
fr0l11 the virulence of those tongues, .which have en-
deavoured to ,vound and deprave the other great
and excellent person; the very same tongues and
pens having ,vith equal licence and n1alice, and with
1uany of the saine calull1nies, aspersed the one and
the other; so that, in truth, religion ,viII be found
to have the least influence upon the hearts of those
\vho have so often lnentioned it, as their only ITIO-
tive to those unla\\rful actions, \vhich are not con-
sistent with any religion.
The lord lieutenant ,vas no sooner under sail, Marquis of
. Clanrick-
than the assen1bly apphed thclnselves to the mar- ani entreat-
· f Cl · k d h h h . h ed to ac-
qUls 0 anrlc ar , \V 0 was t en at IS ouse at ccpt the
Loghrea g h, and besou g ht hin1 to aSSUll1e the g overn- go,'crn-
ment.
Incnt, as lord deputy of Ireland, according to the
po\ver left \vith hin1 by the lord lieutenant. But
the n1arquis ab
olutcly refused to do it, exccl)t they

202

A SHORT VIE\;V

satisficd the proviso that ,vas in the lord lieutenant's
letter to thenl, and that he saw such an union
aluong thelu, as nlight free the king's authority fr0l11
the affronts it had been exposed unto: hereupon
the asselubly unaniluously professed all obedience to
his nlajesty's authority, as it was vested in hinl, and
petitioned him to assunle it, without which, they
said, the nation \vould be exposed to utter ruin;
and the bishop of Fernes luore particularly Î1llpor-
tuned hinl, in the name of the clergy, "not to de-
" cline the charge, which could only preserve the
"king's power in that kingdolu, and the nation
" frolu destruction; and pron1Ïsed so entire a suh-
" mission and cooperation from the whole clergy,
" that his authority should not be disputed."
COllditio
There were then in the possession of the Ronlan
of the Insh h . h .. f C h . h . h
at that cat ohcs t e entIre prOVInce 0 onnaug t, In w IC
time. they had the strong castle of Athlone, the strong
and inlportant town and harbour of Galway, and
man yother lesser forts and places of strength; . a
good part of the province of l\lunster, and in it tIle
city of Linlerick, which, by the strong situation of
it, and the advantages it might have fronl the sea,
could alone (with the help and assistance of Gal-
way) have nlaintained a war against all the rebels'
forces in Ireland: they had many parties of hOI"SC
and foot in Leinster, 1\1 unster, and Ulster; which
being drawn together would constitute a bettcr
army than the rebels were in truth masters of: so
t.hat the nlarquis had argunlent enough of hope, if
he could be confident of the union of the nation;
and he lnight reasonably promise himself an union
of the nation, if he could he confident of the affec-
tions and integrity of the clergy; and they did now

OF 1."HE S'fA TE OF IRELA
D. 9!03

pronlise with that solcillnity, that if he ,vould not
be confident of theIn, he sa\v the fault ,yould be im-
puted to hiln, for they could do no III ore on their
parts to create a belief in him: he was therefore
content to take the charge upon hhn, and obliged
them presently to consider of a way t.o keep all the
forces, \vhen he should have drawn then1 together,
and to secure the t\VO towns of Linlerick and Gal-
way with strong garrisons; \vhich \vas the first
work concluded on all hands necessary to be per-
forlued.
Very fe,v days had passed after the lord deputy Their beha-
h d h h .. . d .('. ,'iour to the
a , upon suc t en" ImportunIty an proleSSlonS, lord tJe-
taken the government upon him, ,vhen it was pro- puty.
posed in the assembly (before their condition was
impaired by any further progress or ne,v success of
the rebels) that they might send to the rebels, to
" treat \vith them, upon surrendering all that was
" left in their hands;" and \v hen the saIne ,vas op-
posed \vith indignation by the Inajor part of the as-
senlhly, the bishop of Fernes himself, who had so
newly in1portuned the lord deputy to assunle the
charge, and made such alnple promises in the nalne
of the clergy, seemed to concur with those who
,vere against treating with the enemy; but instead
of it very earnestly pressed, that " they n1ight, in
" order to their better defence, return to their an-
"cient confederacy, and so proceed in their pre...
"parations \vithout any respect to the king's au-
" thority:" and this motion found such a concur-
rence in the assembly from most of the bishops and
clergy, and many others, that the officers of the
army, and the principal of the nobility and gen-
try, found it necessary to express more than ordi-

!!04

A SHORT VIE\V

narJ passion in their contradiction; they told thein,
The Li'ihops" theJ now manifested that it was not thcir preju-
smartJy re- . . .
prchelldetJ. " dIce to the l11arquls of Ornlond, nor theIr zeal to re-
" ligion, that had transported thein, but their dislike
" of the king's authority, and their resolution to with-
" dra\\T theillseives frolll it; that for theillseives they
" \vollld constantlJ submit to it., and defend it with
" their utmost hazard, as long as theJ should be
" able; and \v hen they should be reduced to that
" extrclnity, that the treating ,vith the rebels could
" he no longer deferred, theJ would in that treaty
"lnake no provision for them; but be contented
"that they should be excluded from any benefit
" thereof, who \vere so forward to exclude the king's
"authority." Upon these bold and necessary me-
naces, (to which they had not been accustoI11ed,) the
clergy and their party seelned to acquiesce, and pro-
mised all concurrence; but from this very tilne, an
the factions and jealousies which had been before
alllongst them \vere inlprO\Ted.
Se,.rral The Irish, in all quarters of ,vhich the rebels
Irish desert d I b . d d 1 d
to the rc- were possesse , not on y su nlltte an COlllpOUI1C e ,
bcJs. but very nlany of thenl entered into thcir service,
and nlarched with thenl in their arlnies; and the
lord deputy gre\v as 111uch into their disfavour as
the lord lieutenant had been, and his being a fricnd
to the Inarquis of Orillond destroyed all that confi-
dence which his being a Rmllan catholic had mc-
rited frolll them.
Lord de- Notwithstanding all these discouragenlents, SOlllC

:

t:
- whereof he expected not, the deputy issued out his
rendez\.ous. orders to all the forces, ,vhich, for conveniency of
quarter, and the III ore to infest the rcbels, were
scattered over the provinces, that they should Ineet

()F 'rHE S 1." A TE OF IREL.i\ND. 20.3

at a general renùezvous at the til11e and place ap-
pointed; resolving, \vith as 111uch expedition as he
could, to engage the enenlY, ,vhich in truth (with
putting in so Inany soldiers into those to\vns and
places of strength \vhich had been delivered to thein,
and ,vith sickness) ,vas l1luch \veakened; and he
did once dra,v together a greater body of horse and
foot at a rendezvous, than all the forces that the re-
bels could bring \vould consist of: and hearinO' that Resolves to
Ö fight Ire-
Ireton (\vho then coolnlanded in chief for the rebels ton. ,/
in the kingdo111) nlarched towards Athlone, he Inadc
all possible haste to encounter hitn; but after he had
gone t\VO days lllarch to\vards that place, he rcceived
certain intelligence that the rebels (being furnished
with all necessary guides, and having nluch better
inforll1ation of all he did frolll the Irish, than the
deputy could procure) \vere nlarched over the lTIOUn-
tains to\vards Gal\vay. Upon ,vhich advertiseluent,
he luade \vhat haste he could hack the saBle ,yay he
calne; and sent orders to the earl of Castlehaven,
the general of the horse, to Ineet hitn with the
forces under his cOllllnand, at a village called -,
\vhere the deputy expected hilU, the rebels being
then ,vithin less than a nlile \vith their lnain body,
and only a narro\v pass bet\veen thenl, which the
deputy 111ade little douht of defending, until all his
forces should come up, and then resolved to fight
thenl; ,vhich \vas the only thing he desired, and Le-
lieved himself to be in a very good posture to do.
'Vhen the earl of Castlehaven received his orders to
lnarch, he took special care to leave the single pass
(by ,vhich the rebels 11light possibly get over the
river of Shannon) ,ve1I guarded, that so they u1ight
he entirely engaged at the place \vherc the deputy

QOG

A :SHORT VIE'V

was without any danger in their rear; he did not
think the guarding of the place to be of any diffi-
culty, ,vhere thel
e ,vas an old strong castle, that
stood even into the river, and in the lllouth of the
pass, and against which the rebels could not plant
any ordnance to annoy it; and in this castle he left
threescore nlusketeers, and withal two troops of
horse, ,vhich was strength enough to have kept the
strongest and best furnished arolY froln landing on
that side.
The earl had not 111arched above three hours,
,vhen, upon the rising of a hill, he heard the report
of a few nluskets, and -looking behind him, he sa,v
the two troops of horse, ,vhich he had left to guard
the pass, running and dispersing with all inlaginable
confusion, and ,vithout Leing pursued by any man:
the rebels having, it seeIns, excellent and speedy in-
telligence of the earl's 111arch, sent over two or three
boats \vith nlusketeers from the other side of the
Shame
ul river, ,vho, ,vithout the least opposition, or having
cowardice .
of the Irish one Ulan hurt, landed at the castle, 'VhlCh the horse
troops. and foot abandoned and left to their possession; so
that it ,vas then in their po\ver to dra,v over as
111any as they would of their arnlY. As soon as this
news was heard amongst those ,vho marched ,vith
the earl, without any respect to his person, C0111-
uland, or entreaties, or without the least sight of an
enemy, or indeed the possibility of being pursued,
(for there ,vere yet only a fe,v foot landed on that
side the river, and the bringing over their horse
,vould take ùp llluch titne,) they fled, dispersed and
disbanded, insoluuch that of four thousand, ,vhich in
the nlorning the body consisted of, the earl brought
not \vith hinl to the place ,vhere the lord deputy

OF 'l'I-IE 8 r r 1.\ TE OF IREL.t\XD. Q07

was above forty horse; so that the deputy easily
sa,v he ,vas in no case to engage ,vith the rebels;
that he should be quickly attacked in the rear by
that part of the army ,vhich had already, and speedily
\\rould pass the river; and that the same fright pos-
sessed his Blen "rho had hitherto kept the bridge,
and ,vho no,v began to yield ground; and that in
ti'uth very lllany of his soldiers had that night run
a\vay, and thereupon he drew off, and lllarched
a\vay; both horse and foot, \vhen they ,vere got
out of danger of the enel11Y's pursuit, dispersing
theillsci vcs: and frOll1 this tÏ1ne the deputy could
never dra,v any considerable and firm body into the
field, nor 111ake any opposition to the progress the
rebels n1ade; the Irish in all places subl11itting to
and con1pounding \vith then1, and, n1urn1uring as
l11uch against the lord deputy, as they had before
against the lord lieutenant.
Before the lord lieutenant left the kingdom, he Lord
had sent the lord viscount Taaffe (\vho had been an :
;
::i':tion
e y e\yitness of all his P roceedin g s and had in vain with the
, C C duke of
laboured to COll1pose and dispose the minds of the Lorrain.
clergy to the king's service) to give the king an ac-
count of the affairs of Ireland, and ho,v il11possible
it \vould be to preserve his authority in that king-
don1, ,vithout SOB1e 1110re than ordinary supplics frol11
auroad. His lordship landed in Flanders, the king
being then in Scotland, and quickly understood ho\v
unlike his journey into that Idngdo111 ",ras to ad-
vance the business upon ,vhich he caIne, or indeed
that he should he adl11itted to the presence of the
king, frol11 \vho111 1110st \\rcre reu10ved who had at-
tended hil11 thither; and thereupon he stayed in
Flandcrs, and found an opportunit.y to represent the

Q08

i\ SHORT VIE'V

condition of the catholics of Ireland in such a man-
ner to the duke of Lorrain, (who, being nearly allied
to the king, had al \vays professed a singular affec-
tion to his majesty and his interest,) that in the end
he prevailed with him to send them some relief:
and as soon as it ,vas known that the lord lieute-
\Vho sends nant ,vas landed in France the duke sent a person

- '
sador to of principal trust about him (the abbot of St. Ka-
Ireland. h ', ) . I I d " h .
t erIIl s Into re an , WIth a credentIal, as IS an1-
bassador to the clergy and the catholic nobility and
gentry of that kingdolu, to treat ,vith them, in order
to their receiving aid and supplies from the duke,
and to the end that his highness might in truth un-
derstand in ,vhat capacity they were of being re-
lieved, and how much they could thelnselves contri-
hute thereunto; it not being then known that the
luarquis of Ormond had left the king's authority be-
hind hin1; but rather conceived, that, upon those
Inany provocations and affronts ,vhich had been of-
fered to him, he had withdrawn, with his person,
that countenance and authority they had so 111uch
undervalued, and so little deserved.
\Vhen the abbot landed in Ireland, (which was
about the end of February, and \vithin little 1TIOre
than t,vo months after the lord lieutenant departed
fr0l11 thence,) he heard that the marquis of Clan-
Ambassador rickard was the king's deputy; and thereupon " he
from Lor.
rain ap- "gave him presently notice of his arrival, addressed
ptied to the I . If h . h d h . .. d
lord deput)
." 111nSe to un, s ewe IS COIUllllSSIon an cre-
" dentials, and assured hhn, that the duke his n1as-
" tel" had so entire an affection to the king of Eng-
" land, (the preservation of \vhose interest in that
" kingdolTI ,vas the chief n10tive to hÍ1n to offer his
" assistance,) that if he had known any person had

OF THE S'rA TE OF IRELAND. fm9

"been intrusted there with his majesty's authority,
" he would have addressed himself to him, and to
" no other. And that he finding his lordship in-
" vested with that po,ver, did, what he knew his
" master expected at his hands, apply himself unto
" him, with and by \vhose directions he would alone
" steer himself through that negociation." He told
hinI, "the duke had already disbursed six thousand
" pistoles for the supplying them with those things
" he heard they stood nlost in need of, which were
" brought over by a religious person ,vho caIne ,vith
" hÍln; and that he was ready to be inforlued of
" what they would desire from his highness, that
" n1Íght enable them to resist the enelny; and that
" he would consent to any thing that was reason-
" able for hÜn to undertake."
Hereupon the lord deputy appointed a committee Lord.deputy
f h . · f h . h ,al'l-'umts
o t e COmnllSSl0ners 0 trust, toget er WIt SOlne of commis-
) I c.. h h 1, d sioners to
t 1e pre ates, to conier WIt t e anluassa or, to re- confer wi, h
ceive any overtures from hinl, and to present thenl him.
to him ,vith their advice thereupon. They met ac-
cordingly, and received the propositions from the
alnbassador; such as ,vere so unagreeable to the
professions he had made of respect to the king, and
indeed so inconsistent with the king's honour and
interest, that there was great reason to suspect that
they proceeded rather from the encouragelnent and
contrivance of the Irish, than froln his own teInper
and disposition: and this was the more believed,
,vhen, instead of returning the. propositions to the
lord deputy, they kept the same in their own hands, Their un-
t f h } . d b . fllir ut'go-
pU out some 0 t ose w 10 were appoInte y Inn1 ciatioll.
to be of the committee, and chose others in their
places, and proceeded in the treaty, without giving
Y01... YIII. P

fllO

A SHORT VIEW

the deputy any account of what was denlanded by
the ambassador, or what they thought fit to offer to
him: of all which the deputy took notice, and there-
upon forbad them to proceed any further in that
way, and restrained thelTI to certain articles, which
he sent to them; which contained what he thought
fit to offer to the ambassador, and gave them power
only to treat upon the same: notwithstanding this
positive direction, they proceeded in their treaty
with the ambassador, and sent an advice to the de-
puty to consent to the articles proposed by hÎln;
since, they said, he would not recede from what he
had proposed, and that it was much better to sub-
mit to the same, than that the treaty should be
broken off.
The deputy as positively declared, tbat what was
demanded was so derogatory to the honour of the
king his master, and destructive to his interest, that
he would never agree to it, and resolved presently
to leave the town: and when the ambassador sent
to him, to desire to see him, and to take his leave
of him, he absolutely refused, and sent him word,

Iessage "that he would neither pay his civility to, nor re-
from the ..
lord de}mty " CelVe It from, a person who had so much swerved
to the am- fj h r.. d b h . l
d h
bassador. "rom t e prolesslons ma e y Illise 1, an ,v 0
"had presumed to make propositions so dishonour-
" able to the king his master, and, he believed, so
" contrary to the good pleasure of the duke of Lor-
" rain; and that he would send away an express to
,.. the duke, to inform him of his miscarriage; and,
"be presumed, he would do justice unto the king
" upon hin}."
The ambas- 'Vhen the P relates saw that no obstinacy. in the
sador re-
c
des froUl ambassador nor importunity froln them, could pre-
h
d
'
mands.

OF THE STATE OF IRELAND. 2J1

vail with the lord deputy, they, to she\v what in-
fluence they had upon that treaty, persuaded the
ambassador to consent to the same propositions
which he had formerly (no douht hy the same ad-
vice) rejected; and thereupon to Inake the SUln,
formerly disbursed by the duke at his coming out
of Flanders, full twenty thousand pounds: and the Lord deputy
sends two
lord deputy sent a couple of gentlemen into Flan- gentlclU(,1l
. h d k f L . to tn'at fur-
del's, to treat further \vIth t e u e 0 orraIn, ac- ther with
d . h .. d ,. h the t.!uke of
cor lng to suc commIsSIon an InstructIons as e Lorrain ;
g ave them, who arrived in those parts about the \ N 'i
. l sir J
IC 10 a.,
n10nth of July following. The bishop of Fernes PJunkct.,
. . ant.! Jcffer"Y
ahout the same tÏtue left Ireland, and can1C hke\VISe llrown, eS
I.
to Bruxelles; and having (without the privity of the
:;;i,

:o
f
lord deputy) obtained some secret trust and delega- of Femes.
tion from the prelates of Ireland, and credit from
them to the duke of Lorrain, he quickly interested
himself in that treaty, and took upon hin1 the great-
est part in it, and that which he said was the sense
of the nation: he reproached the persons elnployed
and trusted by the lord deputy with all the proceed-
ings which had been in Ireland by the consent of
the confederate catholics; inveighed against their
opposing the nuncio, and appealing against the ex-
communication issued out by hiln, he told them,
(and all this by a letter under his hand,) "that he
" was clearly of opinion, that the excommunication
" was valid, and that the greatest statesmen, sol-
"diers, citizens, and people first disobeying, and
"now obstinate, are and were delivered to Satan,
" and therefore forsaken of God, and unworthy of
" victory and his holy blessing; and thereupon he
" said he did, with all sincerity and charity, offer
" his own humble opinion, what was to be done by
p2

212

A SHORT VIEW

" them, which was to the end the agreement they
" were making with his highness the duke of Lor-
" rain might become profitable to the nation and ac-
" ceptable in the eyes of God: that they would im-
" mediately, \vith humbled hearts, make a submis-
" sion to his holiness in the name of the nation, and
"beg the apostolical benediction, that the light of
" wisdom, the spirit of fortitude, virtue, grace, suc-
" cess, and the blessing of God, might return again
" to them. He told them the necessity of doing this
" was the greater, for that the person from whom
" they caIne with authority (the marquis of Clan-
" rickard, the lord deputy) \vas for several causes
" excommunicated a jure et lzomine, and that he
"was at Rome reputed a great contemner of the
" authority and dignity of churchmen, and a perse-
" cutor of the lord nuncio, and some bishops and
" other churchrnen;" and after many rude and bit-
ter reproaches against the deputy, he used these
words; "Do you think God will prosper a contract
" grounded upon the authority of such a man ?" and
shortly after said, "that if the duke of Lorrain \vere
" rightly informed of the business, he would never
" enter upon a bargain to preserve, or rather restore,
" holy religion in the kingdom, with agents bring-
" ing their authority from a cursed withered hand ;"
and then concluded with these words; "As for my
" part, upon your denial to hear my humble prayers,
" which I hope will not happen, I will \vithdra w
" nlyself, as a man despairing of any fruit to come
" from an unsound trunk, where there is no sap of
" grace, and am resolved to communicate no more
"with you in that affair; but rather, to let the
" prince know he is building his resolution of doing

OF THE STA'rE OF IRELAND. 213

" good upon an unhallowed foundation; and that
" God therefore (unless himself would undertake to
" obtain an absolution for tbe nation) will not give
" him the grace to lay do\vn the lapis angularis of
" his own house again in that kingdom." This let-
ter bore date at Bruxelles, on the 20th, of July,
1651; the persons to whom it was directed being
then in the same town. 'Vhat the issue of the treaty
was, and what regard there was had of the king's
honour and interest, I shall not mention in this
place, the articles being made public to the ,vorld;
but shall only insert the letter which the lord de-
puty wrote to the duke of Lorrain, in answer to one
he had received from his highness, and after he knew
what transaction had been made ,vith him. The
letter was dated the 20th of October, 1651, in these
words:

" lJIay it }Jlease your highness,
" I had the honour, the 12th of this instant, to Letter from
. . the lord de-

, rec-elve a letter from your Illghness, dated the 10th pufy to the
S .f- b h . I d duhe of
,- epLem er; w ereln you are p ease to express Lorrain.
U your zeal for the advancement of the catholic re-
" ligion in this kingdoln, your great affection to the
" king lny In aster , and your good opinion of this
"nation, and compassion of their sufferings, and
" your great readiness to afford then} aid and as-
" sistance, even equal with your o,vn nearest con-
" cernments; and that your highness received such
" satisfaction from the queen and duke of York, as
" did much strengthen those resolutions, so as they
" might sooner have appeared, hut for the stay ßlade
"here by ßlonsieur St. Katherine, and his large

, northern voyage, upon his return; and referred
r3

14

A SI-IORT VIE'\!

,

" ,vhat concerned the agreement to the relation of
" those commissioners I had employed to your high-
" ness, to treat upon that subject of assistance and
" relief for this kingdolTI. I do, with much alacrity,
" congratulate and applaud your highness's pious in-
"tentions for the preservation of the catholic reli-
" gion; your great and princely care to recover his
" majesty's rights and interests from the rebel sub-
" jects of England; and the high obligation you put
" upon this nation by your tender regard of them,
" and desire to redeen1 them fron1 the great miseries
" and afflictions they have endured, and the eminent
" dangers they are in; and it shall be a principal
" part of my ambition, to be an useful instrument
" to serve your highness in so falnous and glorious
" an enterprise, and that I lTIay be the more capable
" to contribute somewhat to so religious and just
" ends.
"First, in discharge of n1Y conscience towards
" God, my duty to the king Iny master, and to dis-
" abuse your highness, and give you a perfect and
" clear information, so far as cOlnes to my know-
" ledge, I anl obliged to represent to your highness,
" that, by the title of that agreement, and the ar-

, ticles therein contained, nlade by those c01l1n1is-
" sioners I employed to your highness, and but latcly

, come into Iny hands; they have violated the trust
" reposed in theIn, by having cast off and declined
" the cOlnmission and instructions they had from nle
"in the king 111Y master's behalt and all other
" powers that could by any other means be derived
"from him; and pretend to Inake an agreement
" with your highness, in the name of the kingdonl
" and people of Ireland, for \vhich they had not, nor

OF THE ST.A./rE OF IRELAND. Q15

" could have, any ,varrantable authority; and have
" abused your highness by the counterfeit show of a
" private instrument, fraudulently procured, and sign-
" ed (as I am inforlned) by some inconsiderable and
" factious persons, ill affected to his majesty's author-
" ity, without any consent or knowledge of the gene..
" rality of the nation, or the persons of greatest qua-
" lity and interest therein; and who, under a seeln-
" ing zeal, and pretence of service and affection to
" your highness, labour more to satisfy their private
" ambitions, than the advantage of religion or the
" nation, or the prosperous success of your highness's
" generous undertaking.
" And to nlanifest the clearness of my own pro-
" ceedings, and to make such deceitful practices the
" more apparent, I send your highness herewith an
" authentic copy of my instructions, which aCCOffi-
" panied their commission when I employed them to
" your highness, as sufficient evidence to convince
" them; and having thus fully manifested their
"breach of public trust, I am obliged, in the king
" my master's name, to protest against their unwar-
" rantable proceedings, and to declare all agreements
" and acts ,vhatsoever, concluded by those cOIn mis-
" sioners, to be void and illegal, not being derived
" froIn, or consonant to, his lnajesty's authority. ]3e-
" ing in duty obliged thus far to vindicate the king
" Iny Inaster's honour and authority, and to preserve
" his just and undoubted rights froln such deceitful
" and rebellious practices; as likewise with an hunl-
" LIe and respective care to prevent those prejudices
" that might befall your highness, in being deluded
" by counterfeit shows of doing you greater honour,
" \vhen it is apparent that any undertaking laid upon
r4

!216

A SIIORï" VIE\\'

" such false and ill grounded principles, as hath been
" smoothly disguised and fixed upon the nation, as
" their desire and request, must overthrow all those
" heroic and princely acts your highness hath pro-
" posed to yourself, for God's glory and service, the
" restoration of oppressed majesty, and the relief of
" this distressed kingdom, which would at least hn-
" Inediately fall into intestine broils and divisions, if
" not forcibly driven into desperation; I shall now,
" with a hopeful and cheerful Í111portunity, upon a
" clear score, (free from those deceits,) propose unto
"your highness, that, for the advancement of nIl
" those great ends you ainl at, (and in the king 01Y
" master's behalf, and in the name of all the loyal ca-
" tholic subjects of this nation, and for the preserva-
" tion of those important cautionary places, that are
" security for your highness's past and present dis-
" bursements,) you will be pleased to quicken and
" hasten those aids and assistances you intended for
" the relief of Ireland; (and I shall, with my whole
" po,ver, and through the greatest hazards, not only
" strive to defend them for you, and preserve all
" other ports, that may at all times be of advantage,
" and a safeguard to your fleets and men of ,val', hav-
/í' iog yet many good harbours left;) but also engage,
'" in the king my master's nanle, whatsoever may
" pl'ove to your satisfaction, that is any way con-
" sistent with his honour and authority; and have
.t;, madc my hunlble application to the queen's ll1a-
" jesty, and my lord lieutenant, (the king bcing at
" that tilne in Scotland,) further to agree, confirm,
" and secure, whatsoever filay he of most advantage
." to your highness: and if the last galiot had brought
" us but ten thousL1,nd pounds, for this instant tinIe,

.

OF THE STATE OF IRELAND. Q17

" it would have contributed more to the recovery of
" this kingdom, than far greater sums delayed, by
" enabling our forces to Ineet together for the relief
" of Limerick, which cannot but be in great distress,
" after so long a siege; and which if lost, (though I
" shall endeavour to prevent it,) will cost much trea-
" sure to be regained: and if your highness shall be
" pleased to go on cheerfully, freely, and seasonably
" with this great work, I n1ake no question but God
" will give so great a blessing thereunto, as that my-
" self, and all loyal subjects of this kingdom, may
"soon and justly proclaim, and leave recorded to
" posterity, That your llig/llless was the great anti
" glo'riolls restorer of ou'}. religion, '1nOllarc/l, and
" nation.
" And that your highness may not be discouraged
" or diverted from this generous enterprise, by the
" malice or invectives of any ill affected, it is a ne-
" cessary duty in me to represent unto your highness,
" that the bishop of Fernes, who, as I am informed,
" hath gained some interest in your favour, is a per-
" son that ever hath been violent against, and mali-
" cious to, his majesty's authority and government,
" and a fatal instrument in contriving and fomenting
" all those divisions and differences that have rent
" asunder this kingdonl ; the introduction to our pre-
" sent n1iseries, and \veak condition: and that your
"highness may clearly kno\v his disposition, I send
" herc\vith a copy of part of a letter written by hinl,
" dirccted to the lord Taaffe, sir Nicholas Plunkett,
" and 1\lr. Jeffery Brown, (which was part of that
" lettcr 111entioned before,) and hUll1Lly SULluit it to
" your judgn1cnt, \vhethcr those expressions be agree-
" able to the spirit and tenlper of an apostolical s})i-
\

18

A SHORT VIEW

.

" rit, and (considering whose person and authol
ity I
" represent) what ought to be the reward of such a
" crime: I must therefore desire your highness, in
" the king my master's behalf, that he may not be
" countenanced or intrusted in any affairs that have
" relation to his majesty's interests in this kingdom;
" where I shall constantly endeavour, by all possible
" service, to deserve your highness's good opinion,
" and obtain that favour to be a most faithful ac-
" knowledger of it, in the capacity and under the
" title of

Athenree, lOtl

Oct. 1651.

" Your highness's
" most humble and
" obliged servant,
" CLANRICKARD."

It cannot be doubted, but that what this eminent
catholic lord (who for loyalty and religion hath been
and is despoiled of as great a fortune as subjects en-
joy in any kingdon1) hath said concerning that treaty,
will find more credit with the world, than any thing
that the bishop of Fernes, or any obscure loose friar,
can publish in the bitterness of their spirit, who too
much declare the irreverence they bear to\vards his
Jnajesty, by their \vant of duty, and rudeness to those
who are intrusted to govern thenl, and the contclnpt
they have of all laws, which are to restrain and con-
tain them within the rules of obedience. One of the
principal motives, which induced the Inarquis to sub-
mit to that great charge, and to undertake a pro-
vince, which he knew would be very burdensome and
grievous in several respects, was the joint prolnise
that the city of Lin1erick and the town of Galway
would pay all iU1aginabie duty to him; the clergy

o
p THE STATE OF IRELAND. 219

obliged themselves in that particular with all con-
fidence, and the deputies of the places promised all
that could he desired; but when the lord deputy Disobedi-
. . ence of Li-
found it necessary to settle that busIness, they would merick and
.. · f h - d Galway to
neIther receIve governor or garnson rom 1m; an the lord de-
when he offered himself to stay in Limerick, (when puty.
Ireton was drawing before it,) and to run the same
fortune with theIn, they refused it as peremptorily
as they had done to the lord lieutenant. It is true,
both Limerick and Galw
y were content to receive
soldiers, but they were of their own choosing, not
such, either in number or quality, as the lord deputy
would have sent to them, or as were necessary for
their security; they chose likewise their o\vn govern-
or, or rather kept the governlnent themse]ves, and
gave the title to one \vhoJn they thought least likely
to contradict them; and, in a word, behaved them-
selves like two commonwealths, and obeyed the de-
puty no further than they were inclined to by their
own conveniency; they who compounded with the
rebe]s in the country, corresponded with their friends Irish corre-
. . spond with
In the towns, and thereby gave the enemy Intelli- the Eng-
f II h d "'Xl d Ii I d ' l - lish rebels.
gence 0 a t at passe. f'\f on er u 11gence was
used to make it thought and believed that the inde-
pendents were not uncharitable unto catholics, and
that they wished not any conlPulsion should be used
in lnatters of conscience; and \v hen the acts of cru-
elty and blood, of putting their priests and prelates
to ignolninious deaths (of \v hich there were new in-
stances every day) were lnentioned, it was answered,
those proceedings \vere carried on by the power of
the presbyterians, very 11luch against the nature and
I)rinciples uf the other party.
This licence of COllllllunication, and the evil conse-

The Iord
Lleputy
unable to
prevent
th is corre-
spondence.

Instanced
in friar
Anthony.

fW

A SHORT VIE\V

quences that must attend it, were enough understood
by the lord deputy; but could be no more prevent-
ed, ref orIn ed, or punished, than he could infuse a new
heart and spirit into the people: one instance will
serve the turn. There was in the town one friar
Anthony Gaughagan, who had always adhered to
the nuncio, and opposed the king's authority to the
utmost of his power: several letters written and sent
by him into the rebels' quarters were intercepted and
brought to the deputy; in which, though there were
many things in cipher, there appeared much of the
present state and condition of the town; and in one
of them, dated the 4th February, 1651, there were
these ,vords: "If the service of God had been as
" deep in the hearts of our nation as that idol of
" Dagon, a foolish loyalty, a better course for the
" honour and preservation had been taken in time."
The deputy believed the crime to be so apparent, and
of such a nature, that what accomplices soever he
might have, none would have the courage to appear
in his behalf; and that he might give the clergy an
opportunity to shew their zeal in a business that so
Dluch concerned their common safety, he referred the
examination of the friar to the bishops, (whereof
there were three or four then in the town,) and to
SOlne other of the principal clergy; and appointed
then1 to require hitn to produce the cipher which he
had used, and to examine him to whom the letters
were intended, they being directed to counterfeit and
supposititious names. The cipher was produced ac-
cordingly; and thereby n1anyexpressions in the let-
ter appeared full of neglect and reproach of the king,
and others of insolency and contull1ely towards the
lord deputy; they Inentioned, "the Iittle hope left of

OF THE STATE OF IRELAND. 221

" relief from the duke of Lorrain, and that they re-
" solved to send one to treat with the rebels, and
" had found a private means of conveying a person
. "to that purpose." The friar promised" to use all
" his diligence to dispose the catholics to have a good
" opinion of the independents, and made some re-
" quests concerning hhuself." All that he alleged for
bis defence was, that the letters written by him were
to one who was employed by the court of Ron1e;
that he had no ill meaning against the king or the
deputy; and that he had himself a trust frOin
Rome, and instructions froln the secretary of the
congregation de p1ropaganda fide; and the bishops
certified that they had seen the instructions, and that
they did not relate at all to the ten1poral state: and
this was all the satisfaction and all the justice the
lord deputy could procure, though he wrote several
letters of expostulation to the bishops thereupon.
And whether this be a part of the privileges and im-
munities of the catholic Roman church, and enjoyed
in any catholic country; and whether it can be in-
dulged to then1 in any other country where the au-
thority of the bishop of Rome is not subn1itted unto,
we must leave to the world to judge and determine.
And if protestant kings and princes are provident, A g
od
d I! } · f h . d cantIon.
an severe lor t Ie preventIon 0 suc practIces, an
for the establishing their o,vn security, it n1ust not
be imputed to an unreasonable jealousy, or a preju-
dice to the Roman catholic religion; but to the un-
reasonableness and presumption of those men, ,vho
have pretended religion for their warrant or excuse
for the n105t unlawful and most unjustifiable ac-
tions.
This was the obedience and submission they paid

22

A SHORT VIEW

The eonse- to the king's autholity and government: let us now
quenees of .
the disobe- see what government they provided for thenlselves;
dienee and d h h h . 11 . a1 f b
disloyalty an w at course t ey, w 0 \vere stl J e ous 0 e.
oCtile Irish in g betra y ed b y those who were trusted b y the kin g

'
took for their own security and preservation; and
what power the bishops and clergy had to support
their own interest and dignity, after they appeared
to have enough to destroy or suppress that of the
king.
The city of Limerick was entirely governed by
the clergy: how it rejected the first peace in the
year 1646; affronted the herald king at arms, \vhen
he came to proclaim it; wounded and turned out
the mayor, and chose DOlTIinic Fanning, the captain
of that tumult and outrage, mayor in his place;
and how it submitted to the good-will and pleasure
of the nuncio thereupon, is before remembered.
H ow it behaved itself to\vards the nlarquis of Or-
mond after the second peace, and after it had pro-
mised to receive a garrison; how father Wolfe, a
friar, raised a nlutiny, upon which they refused to
receive it, or to admit the lord lieutenant into the
town, when upon their own invitation he ,vas conle
even into the gate, is likewise before set down.
Contrary to their own obligation and solemn pro-
nlise, they continued the same obstinacy to the mar-
quis of Clanrickard; refused to receive such a go-
vernor and garrison as he thought fit to give them,
or to receive himself into the town with the power
and authority of deputy, after he had assunled that
place and title upon their o,vn importunity and pro-
mise of obedience. However, he sent such men to
them, both officers and soldiers, as they desired, and
no others: let us see the success.

OF 'rHE STA'l"'E OF IRELAND. 223

As soon as Ireton came before it, and before they Limerick
· h b d . beiieged.
were pressed wIth any wants, t ey egan to 18-
course of treating ,vith the rebels. All the consi-
derations of what they might undergo hereafter oc-
curred to theIn, and the iInprobability of their re-
ceiving any succour proportionable to their \vants ;
yet it was very hard for them to treat, it being no-
toriously kno,vn, that Ireton ,vould except very
many principal persons alDong them, to whom no
Dlercy should be shewed; neither could they expect
any conditions for the exercise of their religion,
which they had hitherto been so jealous of. The go-
vernor had only the title, and the power to set the
watch; but the 111ayor kept the keys, and had many
of the principal officers at his devotion. Upon the
t,venty-third day of October, a mixed council of of-
ficers, and of those of the civil government, met in
the town-house, to consult what was to be done in
order to a treaty with the enemy; and after a long
debate, it was concluded by the major part, "that!'- party in
It resolve to
" they would proceed to a treaty, and that they surrender.
"would not break it off upon the exemption of
" any persons from quarter, or confiscation of their
"goods." The next day was appointed far the
choosing conI missioners to be sent to the rebels: and
the result of yesterday's debate being known in the
town, they no sooner nlet for the election of com-
missioners for the treaty, than the bishops of Lime-
rick and EIDly, with the clergy, canle to the town-
house, and " threaten
d to issue out an excomlnu-
" nication against them, if they proceeded in those
" counsels: the effect whereof ,vould be to deliver
" up the prelates to be slaughtered." N otwithstand-
ing which, they proceeded to the naming of the

24

. A SHOlt'!, VIEW

Whereupon persons \vho should treat for them. Whereupon the
the bishops b . h bl ' h d h . ...
publish an IS ops pu IS e t elr excoffilnunlcatlon, wIth a

Z;o

- perpetual interdict of the city, which was fixed on
but in ,'ain. the doors of all. the churches and chapels in the
town :.: but, alas! those fulminations had been too
loosely and impertinently used, to retain any virtue
in time of need; as catholic as the town was, (and
there \vas not one protestant in it,) the excomlnuni-
Colonel cation wrought no effect. But that very night, co-
Fennell
seizes St. lonel Fennell, and other officers of the cOlnbination,
John's gate h d h d h
aud Cluane W 0 presse on t e treaty, posse sse t emsel ves
towers. of St. John's gate and Cluane towers, and drove
the guards froln thence; and \vhen major general
O'Neil (who had the title of governor of the town)
came thither, and denlanded " by \vhat authority
" they were there?" he having given theln orders
to guard another quarter of the town: they an-
swered, " the best of the town knew and approved
" of what they did." It was very true, the mayor
was of the party, and had delivered the keys of that
port to colonel Fennell, though he denied it to the
other party that opposed the treaty. The governor
called a council of war, and sent for Fennell to ap-
pear before them, who refused t? come; and being
supplied with powder froln the mayor, he turned
the cannon upon the town, and declared that he
would not quit the place that he was possessed of, till
Their the city should be yielded to the enemy. The com-

;

Inissioners were sent out to Ireton, \vho would give
tion. no other conditions, than that " the garrison should

' lay down their arms, the officers retaining their
" swords, and nlarch to what place they would;"
except only those \vho ,vere exenlpt from Inercy,
(who, of soldiers and citizens, amounted to the

OF THE S
rATE OF IRELAND. 2Q5

nUlllber of twenty-four.) "The inhabitants had
, three months time assigned to thenl to transport
" their persons, and three months more to relllove
. " their goods, without any place of the kingdom ap-
" pointed, in wJlich they lnight live." It cannot be
believed that these unequal and severe conditions
\vould have been accepted from an arn1Y 110t strong
enough to have imposed them upon a people un,vil-
ling to have su bn1itted to theI11, and in a season of
the year that alone would have secured a place less
provided for resistance, (for it was now the end of
October, or the beginning of Novenlber,) but that
colonel Fennell, the saIne night these hard demands
were sellt into the town, received into St. J ohn'8
gate tower two, hundred Inen from Ireton, and
others were removed into another fort, called Prite's
l\lill; \vhere, after they had continued about t\\'O
days, and the people of the to\vn not yet agreeing
what they would do, a drum was sent through the
city, commanding all manner of troopers and sol-
diers in pay within the town to repair to our Lady's
church, and there to lay down their arms, which
was presently obeyed; and the soldiers being bid
forthwith to leave the to\vn, Ireton nlarched in, rc-
ceived the keys, and was \vithout any contradiction
fluietly possessed of all he desired, causing as many
of the excepted persons as could be found to be C0111-
mitted to prison.
In this manner was the city of Linlerick defended
by the catholic Irish; and this obedience did th<.'
prelates and clergy, in their need, receive from those
over whom they had power enough to seduce theln
from the duty they owed to the king, and froln 811h-
Initting to his authority; and now was the harvc
t
VOL. VIII. Q

6

A SHORr!, VIE'V

when they gathered the fruit of all their labours.
The
ebels The instances of severity and blood, 'v hich the re-
exercise
their usual be Is gave upon their being possessed of this place,
cruelt)'. k 11 b . f L " . k
were very remar a) e: the lshop 0 ImerlC had
that dexterity and good fortune, that either by
marching out among the common soldiers, or by
concealing hiolself with some faithful friend in the
town, (which is not so probable,) he escaped their
hands, who manifested enough \vhat his portion
would have been by the treatment they gave to
the bishop of Emely, whom they took, and with-
out any formality of justice, and with all reproaches
Bishop of imaginable, caused to be publicly. hanged. This
Emely
hangt-d. unhappy prelate had, from the beginning, opposed
with the greatest passion the king's authority, and
most obstinately adhered to the nuncio, and to that
party still, \vhich was 1110st averse from returning to
their allegiance, and was thus miserably and igno-
nliniously put to death by those who were equally
enemies to the king, and in that city from whence
he had been a principal instrument to shut out his
majesty's authority" It may be remembered in the
former part of this discourse, that when the king
at arms proclaimed the first peace in Limerick, in
the year 1646, one Donlinic Fanning, a citizen of the
town, raised a mutiny, and led on that rabble, which
comlnitted that violence upon the herald, and as-
saulted and wounded the mayor, and was hinlself
made mayor in his place by the nuncio, and so kept
that town in rebellion. The same man continued
the same spirit against his majesty's authority, and
always opposed the receiving of a garrison, when,
after the last peace, the lord lieutenant so often and
so earnestly pressed the sanle, as the only ll1eans to

OF THE Sï'ATE OF IIt.ELAND. 2Q7

preserve the city. "fhis DOlninic Fanning, being The
R
e of
. DOI11I1I1C
one of those twenty-four which Ireton had excepted, Fanning,
d h Id ' t t t the rioter.
foun a way among t e cOlnmon 80 lers 0 ge on
of the town, notwithstanding all the diligence that
they used to discover him: when he was free and in
safety, he returned to the town to fetch sonle money
that he had privately hid, and to make sòme provi-
sion for his subsistence, which he had not tilne to do
before. But going in the night to his own house,
his wife refused to receive hinl, or to assist hiIn with
any thing; whereupon he departed: and after he
had walked up and down the streets some tinle, the
,veather being extremely cold, he went to the nlain
guard, where ,vas a good fire, and being discovered
to be a stranger, and asked ,vho he ,vas, voluntarily
confessed, that he ,vas Dominic Fanning, for WhOlll
such strict search had ùeen made: he was appre-
hended, and the next l110rning carried before the go-
vernor, and inul1ediately hanged.
There was another exan1ple no less ll1emorahle, in
which two other notorious persons \vere concerned,
who had borne unhappy parts in the same city,
,,,hen the luarquis of Ornlond had so often, and in
vain, pressed Limerick to receive a garrison, and
the comn1Ïssioners of trust had used aU their persua-

ions and authority to the saine purpose. 'rhe re-
hels' army being then so near, that it was believed
they intended to sit down before it, the council of
the town sent two of the alrlernlen to invite the lord
lieutenant thither, hcing within less than a day's
journey of the city. IIow he was used when he
caD1C almost to the gates, is before relllenlbcrcd;
and how the same alderlnen \vere sent out to in-
forin hÏ1n, that there was a mutiny raised to hinder
Q2

M

A SHORT VIE'V

his being received; and till that was appeased 01"
con1posed, he was desired to forbear approaching
nearer. That mutiny was raised by one Wolfe, a
friar, who persuaded the simple people, that the re-
ceiving the lord lieutenant would be a great preju-
dice to their religion;- which, with the countenance
of alderman Thomas Stretch, who was then mayor
of that city, easily raised the tumult that caused the
A ld nd of g ates to be shut when he was read y to enter. This
a erman
Stretch and alderman and that friar were both taken upon the
friar Wolfe. '
surrender of Limerick, and both, without any for-
Inality of justice, hanged by those, who, but by
them, would never in probability have been lnasters
And e"
n of the to\vn. Lastly, this very colonel Fennell, "rho,
colonel
Fennell, by by possessing himself of a port, and turning the can-
whose
treachery non upon the to,vn, betrayed the place to the rebels,

er:

e:
though he had for the present the benefit of those ar-
se h sse
of ticles, was, within few months after, taken by then1,
t e city.
and, without any consideration of his late merit, was
hanged, as the rest had been: in a word, all those
who had been the first causers and raisers of the re-
bellion, or who with most malice and obstinacy op-
posed their return to the king's obedience, and had
the misfortune to fall into the rebels' hands, as the
bishop of Raffoe, who was taken and hanged by the
lord Broghill; Jeffery Baron, who kept \Vaterford
from receiving the lord lieutenant, taken afterwards
at Limerick, and hanged there; and many others,
were all Inade the examples of unusual rigour by
the rebels, and are such n10numents of calamity as
are not frequently met with in story, and ought to
be revolved by the survivors upon a just and pious
l
ecollection of God's wonderful proceedings against
thenl.

Others
murdered
by the re-
he]s; in-
stances of
God's jus-
tice, but
their cru-
e]ty.

OF 'I'HE ST ATE OF IRET
AND.

9

The business of Linlerick being thus over, Ireton, Ird?I1's in-
..
d f d . h d . h . sultmK
wIthIn a lew ays a tel', an WIt out rawlng IS summons
h h 1 f Cl t t . to the town
army nearer t an t e cast e 0 are, sen a mos In- of Galway.
solent summons to the to,vn of Galway, wishing
theln to put hÍ1n to no more trouble, lest they fared
as LÎlnerick did; adding such other threats as he
thought most like to make impression upon thenl;
and a great impression they did make: but hy the His death.
death of Ireton they had a little respite, the rebels
not being so entirely united under con1n1and as be-
fore; and then the town of Gal\vay addressed them- Galway rie-
l d d d d . d h . . sires the
se VeS to the lor eputy, an eSlre IS assIstance, protection
, . . II b d . h .., h . of the lord
, promIsIng a 0 e lence to ]S 1113Jesty s aut orIty devuty,
" in him:" nor was he so much discouraged by their
former carriage, and their having accepted the arti-
cles made with the duke of Lorrain, and their de-
claring him to be their protector, without ever COln-
rnunicating it to the lord deputy, as to decline having
further to do with them. But upon their first address
to hiIn, he sent his secretary to theIn, w-ith some di-
rections; and shortly after went himself thitber, hav-
ing sUlnmoned such of the nobility, prelates, and prin-
cipal gentry, as could ,vith safety repair thither, to
consult what might yet be done for their defence;
they having still luen enough dispersed in several
parties to resist the enelny, if they ,vere dra\vn to-
gether and united among themselves; and the town
of Galway ,vas so good a port, that any supplies or
succours lnight conle fron1 abroad to them.
All disputes upon command being quickly COln- nut on np-
d pearance of
pose among the rebels, a sInall party was sent, a party of
under the cOffilnand of sir Charles Coote, to straiten

:i;:I

IS
Galway; ,vhich wrought so far upon the assembly capituJate.
there, that they importuned the deputy to give then1
Q3

The town
surrender-
ed.

230

A SHORT VIE'V

leave to send to the commander in chief of the rebels
for a safe conduct for their commissioners, "to treat
" for some conditions for the nation, upon which they
,. might submit to the government of the parliament;"
professing that tliey would in the lnean time "make
" such preparations for their defence, that if the par-
" Hament would not give them good and ample con-
" ditions, they would sell themselves at such a dear
" rate, as should make their conquest of little use to
" their enen1ies." But when they found that they
could not have so nluch as a safe conduct sent for
their comlllissioners, nor could be adn1itted so much
as . to treat for the nation, but only that particular
places and persons lnight be adnlitted to compound
for themselves, on such terms as others had done,
their spirits failed them; and, after a very little de-
liberation, and before they put the rebels to' the
trouble of besieging theIn, without so much as .con-
suIting ,vith the lord deputy, or asking his leave, (al-
though he was less than half a day's journey of the
town,) they entered into a treaty, and, in a short
time after, surrendered the town into the hands of
the rebels, who ,vere alnazed to see upon what easy
terms they parted with their last town; having still,
in loose parties over the kingdom, more lnen in arms
to have defended it, than the Eng1ish could have
brought against it.
The Inarquis of Clanrickard did not leave the
kingdonl in many Inonths after the surrender of this
town; bot endeavoured, by all means possible, to
draw the scattered forces together, that he nlight
once fight the rebels. But at last, after he had en-
deavoured in vain, and had received his majesty's
commands, "to take care of his own security, and

OF THE S'l'A'l'E OF IRELAND.
31

" that he fell not into the rebels' hands;" after he
sa\v those, upon \vhose public fidelity and private
affections he depended as much as upon any, fall
every day from hÏ1n, and subn1Ít to the rebels, upon
such conùitions as did hardly assure them of life
at the best, having only liberty to transport them-
selves to the service of such foreign princes, as
the rebels believed to be their friends; and after he
was reduced to those straits, that he durst not reside
t\venty-four hours in one place, for fear of being be-
..
trayed, and delivered up into the hands of the re-
bels; and having no port to friend, where a vessel
might attend to transport hilll; he was in the end
compelled to ask a pass frolll the rebels, \vhich they
,villingly and readily sent to hin1; and which he ac-
cepted, \vithout n1aking any other conditions for him-
self, than that he n1ight for some time remain secure
\vithin their quarters, without taking the oaths usu-
aUy ilnposed by then1; and afterwards have liberty
to transport hiulself into parts beyond the sea.
'Vhereas, if he had dClnanded a good proportion to
he aHowed out of his own great estate, and promised
to have given them no further trouble, it is probable
they \vould have consented to it: but the integrity
and greatness of his heart would not suffer him to
enjoy any thing by the favour and permission of
those, whose destruction he desired, and nleant al-
\vays to prosecute: and so he transported himself, in l\Iarqui!i of
1 1 I . J b I f I Clanrick-
a vesse )e onglng to t le re e s, out 0 reland, about ard at last
1\1arch or A p ril 16lj2 after he had borne the title offorced to
, leave the
the king's deputy of that kingdo111 little n.ore than kingdom.
t\VO years, with very little mure ohedience fron1 the
catholic Irish, than had before been paid to the lord
lieutenant.

Q4

23

A SHOR'l' VIE\V

This was the fate of that unhappy kingdom, both
under the protestant and the Ronlan catholic govern-
ors; and as the catholic governor, and all other ca-
tholics over whom he had power, and indeed very
many of the principal catholics of that kingdom, paid
an the obedience due to the lord lieutenant, whilst
he remained amongst them with the king's author-
ity; so the same persons who most opposed him, and
crossed and hindered the subnlission to his orders,
and would have his religion to be believed the cause

of the disobedience he found in the people, proved as
inconvenient and refractory to the catholic govern-
or: the same corporations continued the same dis-
obedience to the latter, as well as to the former; and
the same prelates and clergy supported and en-
couraged them in it; and, as if the public calamity
and judgments, and the particular fate that hath be-
fallen many of their friends, had made no impression
upon their spirits, they have transplanted their un-
charitableness and animosities, to keep them com-
pany in their banishment; and the same persons con-
tinue their virulency and bitterness against the one
and the other, justify all those proceedings which
have been the groundwork of theirs and their coun-
try's destruction, and of ahnost the extirpation of the
catholic religion out of that kingdolll; and yet are
so extrenlely blinded with their passion, that they
hope to be thought to suffer upon the impulsion of
conscience, and for the Roman catholic religion, and,
which is more strange, for their loyalty and allegi-
ance to the king: and at the sanle time would be
believed to be Inost obedient subjects to the king,
and the lnost zealous assertors of the regal power;
and at the :same time justify and nlagnify the pro-

OF THE STATE OF II{ELA
D.
gg

ceedings of the nuncio, reproach those catholics who
adhered to the lord lieutenant, and to the peace
made by the nation, as excolnmunicated persons;
and all the other acts done afterwards by the clergy,
without the least shadow of law or gospel to sup-
port them.
Having drawn this discourse to a greater length,
he conc1u-
than in the beginning I thought I should have had 51On.
occasion to have done; I shall conclude \"ith the
earnest desires with which I began, that the small
.'
seduced number of that unhappy nation, which con-
tinue in the same error they began, and persevere
in building upon such foundations as can support no
structure of the catholic religion or loyalty, ,,'ould
seriously revolve ,vhat they have done; the condi-
tion which that nation enjoyed before the late rebel-
lion, and the state into which they are now fallen;
how much they have trespassed against the laws of
God and the laws of the kingdom, in kindling that
fire \vhich hath consumed all their habitations, and
is not yet extinguished, nor can be, but by their
rea] acknowledglnent and repentance. Let them re-
ßlember, that they are subjects to a protestant king,
and in a kingdom where the protestan t re]jgion is
by the laws established, and the Roman catholic at
least not countenanced and supported; and how in-
congruous a thing it is, and destructive to their own
ends, to have it believed, that their religion cloth
oblige or prompt them to any actions repugnant to
the loyalty they owe to their king, or to that obe-
dience, without which the peace of the kingdonl
cannot he preserved: let them be so modest as not
to affect to be thought hettcr catholics than those

234

A SHORT VIE\rV

of their own country, who differ from them in the
profession they make, and are nluch superior to
theln in quality and number; at least, let thenl not
be thought to profess another faith than '\vh'!t the
catholic church owns and acknowledges, and hold
theIDselves obliged by their religion to do that as
Irish catholics, or to justify it, (when they have done
it,) which I taIian, Spanish, and French catholics
(whose religion is supported by law, and the other
.. condemned) \vould hold sinful to do, though they
had the pope's authority and c0111mand for every in-
dividual act. Do the prelates of the French church
believe then1selves qualified to excolnnlunicate nlar-
shal Turenne, because he is not a Ron1an catholic,
and is thought to be an enenlY to that profession?
And can they absolve his soldiers froln obedience to
hitll, whilst the king of France Inakes hilll general
of his army? And what would the most Christian
king do, if his prelates presumed to exercise that
jurisdiction? If the catholics of Catalonia. should
after so mal1Y years rebellion return to their alle-
.
giance upon articles of indenlnity fronl their king,
and any nuncio should inhibit theln to subnlit to
those articles, as not ample enough for their secu-
rity, \vould the king of Spain be well pleased ,vith
that presulnption, and excuse those subjects, \vho
out of the terror of such an excolnmunication should
fall from that duty they had nel",l}'" professed to hinl,
or who sought absolution for not submitting to it ?
'ViII the republic of Venice, or any prince of Italy,
suffer their subjects to pay such "an obedience to St.
Peter's chair, or will they' distinguish proceedings
against their suhjects in such a spiritual reuellion,

OF THE STA
rE OF IRELAND. 235

and between those who raise" arms, seize their forts,
or conspire the death of their sovereign? If none of
these catholic nations are liable to those obligations,
nor can enjoy these privileges, ho,v came the sub-
jects of Ireland to be possessed of theIn, and the
king of Ireland to be so much below his other bre-
thren, the Christian monarchs? If their religion will
not allow the sanle obedience to be paid to him, it
is an ill argument to induce him to be gracious to
that religion. A ,yay then with that antichristian
spirit of defending what hath been done alniss, only
because it hath been done; and discrediting the ca-
tholic religion, as if it would not suffer its childrên
to be dutiful and loyal subjects to protestant kings
and princes; and let what was done in the begin-
ning and progress of the rebellion against the ele-
nlents of Christianity be acknowledged and repented
before God, and no more justified to the world; and
"That was done in violation of the laws and govern-
Inent be ackno,vledged and excused to the king, by
the distemper and accide
ts of the times, and the
unjustifiable proceedings of those who "'
ere unhap-
pily intrusted ,vith the adlninistration of justice and
policy, ,vithout defending them by such principles
as Inust leave the laws in danger always to be in-
vaded by the san1e licence. A way with that un-
charitable and undernlining spirit of fOll1enting jea-
lousy and anill10sity against the Roman catholic re-
Hgion and the professors of it, by owning and pro-
fessing an incapacity of living charitably and peace-
ably ",
ith those 'v ho are not of the saine faith, and
w hose profession is cherished by the established la \\'S
of the land, the indulgeuce whereof the other desires

flS6

A SHORT VIE'V

and expects; and of raising enemies to a nation, by
avowing any national distrust, and dislike of any
who have been for so many ages incorporated with
them under the sanle obligation of religion or alle-
giance: and let there be a joint endeavour and emu-
lation to justify and commend their several profes-
sions of distinct faiths, by producing the unquestion-
able effects of true religion, in the piety and sanctity
of their lives towards God, the duty and obedience
of their actions towards the king, and the kindness
and peaceableness of their conversation towards each
other, and all their fellow-subjects. Lastly, away
with that immodest and rude spirit of reproaching
and reviling those who, by their extraction, quality,
and interest, are their superiors, and have been, or
shall be, placed by the king in any degree of go-
vernment or command over them; since the duty
and obedience due to kings and princes includes a
proportion of respect and reverence towards their
deputies and ministers of trust: and let such civility
of address and decency of language be used to them,
as may dispose then1 to a temperate and candid con-
sideration of their desires and complaints, at least
that a just prejudice against their manners may not
bring a fatal prejudice upon their profession and pre-
tences. In a word, let them believe that any viru-
lency, bitterness, and distemper of language, is not
the plaster of Isaiah, to heal the wound, but of He-
zekiah, to Inake it raw, though it were healed be-
fore; and let them Inake that sanctified use of what
they have done and what they have suffered; of
,vhat they have heard, and what they have seen;
that they may not fall under that curse of our Sa-

OF THE ST ATE OF IRELAND.
g7

viour hin1self; Th,at seeing theY1Jlay see, and not
perceive; and hearing they 'lnay hear, and not un-
derstand; lest at any time tkey should be converted,
aJld their sins should be forgivelt them.

THE END.

.

IN]) E X.

I N D E X.

.

Such rife)'ences as have a 11: prefixed to them designate If''arburton',
rwtes on those passages: all which are to be found at the end of
the spventh volume.

ABßOT, George, archbishop of
Canterbury, unfa\'ourable cha-
racter of, i. 156. reason of his
promotion, ib. Cal vinistic, 1 57.
his remissness, 167.
Aberdeen, flourishing state of its
l1ni,'ersity, i. 145.
Abingdon, quitted by the king's
forces, i \'. 480. possessed by the
earl of Essex, ib.
Ablin, Jacob, i,'. 373.
Aboyne, (see Auboyne.)
Ackland, sir John, iv. I 19.
Acts, pas
ed since the beginning
of the parliament, 1640, i. 495.
act of paci fication between
England and Scotland, 489.
for triennial parliaments, 495.
for taking away the hibh com-
mission court, ib. for taking
awav the star-chamber court,
499: for the certainty of meets,
bounds, and limits of forests,
50 T ,limiting the office of clerk
of the market of his majesty's
house ib. for pre\'enting \'exa-
tious proceedings touching the
order of knighthood, 502. for
the free Inaking saltpetre and
gunpowder within the king-
dom, 503. against divers en-
croachments.and oppressions in
the stannery courts, ib. against
ship-money, 504. (see Bill.)
Action, (see Battle.)
Address of the lords justices and
the counci1 in Ireland to the
king, 1643. i,', 358. of the ana-
VOT... \'111.

.

b
ptists to Charles II. in exile,
VB. 254.
Agitators, as well as a council
of officers, appointed by the
army, \T. 431. for what pur-
poses, ib.
Aken, or Aquisgrane, here the
king of the Romans ought to
receive his first iron crown, vii.
107. famous for its hot baths,
which are resorted to after the
cold waters of the Spa, ib.
Alberquerque, duke of, vi. 450. n.
Albert, archduke, i. 85. h T . 55 J.
.Alexander VII. ( see Pope.)
.Algiers, Charles I.'s notice of an
act concerning the captives of,
ii. 379. forced to a peace by
admiral Blake, vii. 179.
Allen, captain, vi. 392.
Alonzo, don, (see Cardinas.)
Alresford, battle at, i,'. 460.
Alton, skirmish at, iv. 455.
Amirant, :àf. vi. 573. n.
Anabaptists' address to Charles
II. in exile, vii. 254. their pro-
· positions annexed to it, 267.
the letter of one individual sent
to the king with the address,
27 0 .
Anderton, - ii. 605 .
Andrews, Lancelot, bishop of
nr h .
nInC ester, J. '57.
Andrews, Thomas, sheriff of Lon..
òon, iii. 333.
Anne of Austria, (see queen of
France. )
Annesly,--i. 387.
R

I N D E X.

Annesly, -- president of the
council of state, vii. 425.
Antrim, Randal 1\Iacdonnel, se-
cond earl of, married the dow-
ager of the great duke of Buck-
ingham, v. 92. his character,
93. joined the Irish rebels
ib.
his part afterwards in the earl
of l\lountrose's expedition into
Scotland in favour of the king,
95- 112. made a marquis, 112.
sent as a commissioner by the
confederate catholics in Ire-
land to the queen, to petition
the return of the lord lieute-
nant, viii. 74. his alnbition of
heing made lord lieutenant of
Ireland through the queen's fa-
vour, v. 523.
Appleyard, sir l\Iatthew, v. 177.
Apprentices, a petition published
in their name against papists
and prelates, ii. 83. invited by
tbe parliament to take arms, iii.
304. a tumultuous petition of
them and others to both houses
concerning the Inilitia, v. 460.
they rise, but are suppressed by
Hewson, vii. 388.
Apsley, sir Allen, v. 188.
ApsleYf Ball, v. 158. n.
Aquisgrane
(see Aken.)
Archduke of Austria, (Leopold
'Villiam,) vi. 325, 33 I. vii. 99,
181, 283' reulo\Oed fronl the
government of Flanders, and
succeeded by don Juan of Aus-
tria, 182, 186. treats with
Charles II. near Brussels, 183.
Arcos, duke of, vi. 383.
Ardglass, earl of (see lord Cronl-
well. )
Argyle, Archibald Campbell, se-
venth earl of, being a Ronlan
catholic, is compelled by the
king to give up his estates to
his son, i. 226. retires beyond
sea, ib. told the king he would
Jive to repent of thus raising

his son, ib.
Argyle, Archibald Campbell,
eighth earl of, iii. 3 I 2. v. 528.
vi. 44, 45, 49, 87, 9 0 , 93, 94.
95, 4 0 4, 4 1 3, 4 1 4, 4 22 , 45 I,
457, 495, 57 8 , 579. sides with
the Scotch covenanters not-
withstanding his obligations to
the king, i. 225. his father's
prophetic declaration of his
future conduct, 226. transac-
tions in Scotland respecting
him, l\fountrose
and Han1ilton,
ii. 16, 575. made a marquis,
19, 37. head of the violent
party, iv. 43 I. hated by the
earl of Mountrose, v. 92. his
principles, with respect to the
church and state, 130. invete-
rate against the king, 13 I. a
fast friend of sir H. Vane's, ib.
his conduct with regard to the
Scotch parliament of 1648. vi.
S, I I. supposed to have in-
vited Cromwell into Scotland,
92. was the creature of Crom-
well, 158. his part in the pub-
lic aflhirs of 1649, 273-28 I.
clogs the act of proclaiming
Charles II. with a clause for
the covenant, 282. his object in
so doing, 283, 294. his reasons
for inviting the king into Scot-
land, 397, 398. surprised at the
king's intention of accepting
the proposal, he sends fresh
conditions, which miss the
king, 435. receives him re-
spectfully, 437. his behaviour
to him, 438. his power on the
decline, 484, 485. the king es-
capes from him, 486. he treats
him better after his return, 487.
made to believe that the king
would marry one of his daugh-
ters, 488. dissuades the king's'
llmrching into England, 49 I.
Argyle, ninth earl of, (see lord
Lorne. )

I N I) E X.

Argyle, John Campbell, second
duke of, and duke of Green-
wich, IV. iii. 299.
Annagh, James Usher, archbi-
shop of, iv. 277.
Armagh, H. titular archbishop of,
viii. 155.
.Arminian points, contentions
concerning, i. 163, 164-
Arminius, Jacobus, i. 164.
Armorer, sir Nicholas, vii. 146.
Armorer, sir \Villiam, vi. 291,
5 15. vi i. 453.
Army, the king raises an army
against the Scots, i. 20 I _ dis-
covery of some correspon-
dences between the conrt and
some principal officers of the
English army, 428. the peti-
tion intended to be subscribed
by the officers, 4
0. the true
nmtter of fact concerning that
petition, 433. the ill use'-- made
of it in the house of commons,
438. the mention or the former
plot between the court and the
armv revi\'ed in the house of
com-mons, 464. the armies dis-
banded, ii. 12. differences be-
tween the parliament and ar-
Iny, through Cromwell's insti-
gation, v. 428. divers sects in-
crease in the army, ib. Cronl-
well is declared head of the
army, 430. the army erects a
kind of parliament within it-
se1t: ib. agitators, as well as a
council of officers, appointed
by the army, v. 431. their first
resolutions, ib. the parlia-
Inent's declaration thereupon,
433. afterwards rased out of
their journal book, 434. a com-
mittee of the parliament ap-
pointed to treat with a com-
mittee of the army, ib. Crom-
well's behaviour at first in
these mutinies, ib. the army
5ei7e upon tht: king, 437. the

general's account of it to par-
liament, 439. distractions at
\Vestminster upon notice of the
army's coming towards Lon-
don, 440. diilèrent designs of
the parliament and army re-
lating to the king, 450. the
army wholly disposed to
Cromwell's designs, 454. im-
peached cle\"en Inelnbers of
the house of commons, 455.
the two speakers of parliament,
with other melubers, join the
army on Ilounslow-heath, 461,
463, 465. the city sends six al-
dennen to the general, and
submits, 46ï. the general con-
ducts the two speakers and
other members to their se-
veral houses of paliament, 469-
the army quarters upon the
city, -ib, begins to be less re-
gardful of the king, 479,
484. levellers grow up in the
army, 486, 505. the large re-
llloustrance of the army to the
parlian1ent, brought to the house
bv six officers, vi. 201. an-
other declaration of the army
to them, 204. their general
marches for London, ib. Crom-
well and his council of officers
(rs-,olve the parliament, vii. 6.
a new one chosen by them, J 2.
a new council of officers, who
consult about the government,
307. their address to the pro-
tector, Richard Cromwell, 308.
who at their instigation dis-
solves the parliament, 31 I. the
long parliament restored by
them, 3 I 2. which appoints all
Inilitary commissions to be
signed by their speaker, 319.
the petitions and proposals of
I
ambel.t's army, 367. the
council of officers prepare ape.
tition and representation to
parliament, 368. the parlia-
R 2

I
D E X.

mellt make void all 1l10neV
aC'ts, that there may be nothing
to maintain the army, 369.
cashier Lambert and eight
other chief officers, ib. ap-
point seven commissioners to
gov
rn the army, 370. Lam-
bert prevents the parliament
fronl sitting, 37 r. the officers
Ll.ppoint certain general officers,
372. a committee of safety con-
stituted by the army; 374.
Cobbet sent to per
uade l\Ionk
to concur with the army, 375.
another sent to the army in
Ireland to dispose it to submit
to their power, 376. l\lonk de-
clares for the parliament, 377.
Lambert sent against him, 378.
se\reral troops declare for the
parliament, 3 88 , 39 0 , 391. the
parliament meet again, 392.
and order Lambert's troops to
their several quarters, ib. his
army separates accordingly, ib.
Ch
rles II.' s lett
r to general
l\lonk and the army, 454. their
dutiful reception of it. 480.
Bishop Warburton's obsen'ation
of the influence of a brave well
disciplined army for or against
any revolution, fV. vi. 41.
Armvn, sir 'Villiam, one of the
cómmittee appointed by the
parliament to attend Charles I.
into Scotland, i. 494. one of
those chosen by parliament to
treat with him at Oxford, iii.
489. his arrival there, 528. one
of the commissioners sent by
parliament into Scotland for
relief, iv. J 53.
Arrav, commissions uf, attempted
to' be re\"Ïved by Cbarles 1. iii.
57 2 .
Articles of treason against lord
KimlJohon and five other
melnbers of the house of com-
ßlons, ii. ] 24. of neutrality

agreed in ì T orkshire betwel'n
both parties, iii, 437. but dis-
owned by the parliament, 43 8 .
Arundel, Thomas Howard, earl
of: i. 216. ii. 344. iii. 556. iv.
63 0 . IV. i. 99, his eharacter, i.
98-100. affects a literarv re-
putation, 99. married one
fthe
heiresses of the e
rl of Shrews-
bury, ib. purchased a collec-
tion of statues, &c. ib. chosen
general of the army against
the Scotch co,,-enanters, 20 I.
how he received thdr letter to
him, 2 I 2. not employed in the
second expedition, 249. made
president of the court in the
earl of Strafford's trial, be-
ing notoriously disaffected to-
wards him, 380. his public em-
ployments, 100. '11. 233. died
in Italy, 100. his religion
doubtful, ib.
Arundel, earl of, (see lord l\Iow-
bray.)
Arundel, (Alethea Talbot,) coun-
tess of, i. 99.
Arundel of \Vardour, Thomas,
lord, wounded at Lansdown,
i\'. 12 5'
Ar
llldel, John, iii. 124, 55 I. n.
1\'.4 12 . v. 424. VII. 323.
Arundel, John, the son, iv. 6, 2.
Arundel, colonel Richard, after-
wards lord Arundel of Trerice,
iv. 612. \T. 270, 424. vii. 157.
Arundels, t11e, v. 427.
Arundel castle, surrendered to
lord Hopton, iv. 453. retaken
by sir 'V. 'Valler, 457.
Ascham, -- sent agent into
Spain by the parliament t vi.
44 [. killed by some officers at
l\ladrid, 443, 444. what wa

done in consequence, 445.
l\shburnham, colonel, iii. 202,
425,429. v. 158. n. 194. IV.
ì. 428. notice of him respecting
the
lIpposed conspiracy be-

I N D F
x.

tween the army aud court, i.
535.470, 47 I. ii. 4. iii. 160,
161, 593,595, 59 6 , 17 1 , 60 9.
made governor of \\T eymouth,
iv. 496. TV. in lac. deserted it
upon the approach of the earl
of Essex, 497.
Ashburnham, John, iii. 24i-
249. v. 339, 3 6 9. n.3 82 ,4 0 5,
470. one of t.he commissioners
of Charles I. to treat at Ux-
bridge, v. 37. entirely trusted
by him, 382, 493. attended
the king when he put himself
under the protection of the
Scotch army, 394-. being for-
bidden to attend the king, he
went to Paris, 3 8 I, 397. his
return, 448. his and sir J.
Berklev's transactions with
some
fficers in the army, 44S.
W. in lac. 449, 479, 484,485.
how far concerned in commit-
ting Charles 1. into the hands
of colonel Hammond, 488,
4 8 9,493,494,495,499,5 00 ,
501. by whom he had been in-
fluenced in all these transac-
tions, 497. his apology for his
conduct has been published,
but, according to bishop 'Var-
burton is poorly \vrittell, TV.
v. 496. he and
ir J. Berkley be-
came enemies inconsequence of
this busine
:s, \'. 496. acquitted
both by Charles 1. and Charles
II. of any treasonable inten-
tions in tile matter, ib.
Ashburton. lord '\Ventworth's
horse beaten at, v. 281.
Ashley, colonel Bernard, iv. 144,
157. (sir llernard Astley) iv.
5 8 3.
Ashley, or Astley, sir Jacob, (af-
terwards lord) ii. 2, 12, 306,
45 8 , 479. iii. 194, 266. iv.
224. 1L. 3 16 , 45 1 , 4 8 5, 5 8 5.
v. 336. made major-general of
the king-'s army at the opcn-

ing of the ci,-il war, iii. 105,
610. wounded at Edge-hill,
292. takes possession of Rea-
ding. iv. 237. much consulted
by the king on military atlàirs,
47 I. his character, 473. lately
made a baron, v. 181. his part
in the battle of Naseb,", 18 I,
183. the conlmand of tl;e posse
comitatus of the '\Yelsh coun-
ties given to him, 228.
Ashton, colonel, condemned and
executed during the protector-
ship, ,,-ii. 253.
Assemblv of confederate catho-
lics, (
ee Ireland.)
Assemblv of divines, 16+ 2. (see
churcÍ1 of England.)
Assembly of the kirk of Scot-.
land, .( see Scotland.)
Assizes, (see Gaol-delivery.)
Association of several counties
formed under the earl of l\lan-
chester, iv. 464. association in
the west, of which the prince
of 'Vales is made governor, v.
85-7.
Astley, ( see Ashley.)
Aston, lord, his death, i. 220.
Aston, sir Arthur, iv. 23, 45, 46,
6 I 6. viii. 96. made colonel-ge-
neral of the king's dra
oons,
iii. 266. a papist, 267, 462. his
part in the battle of Edge-hill,
274, 278. made commissary-
general of the hor
e, 339. garri-
soned Reading, 319.'11.339. be-
sieged and wounded, iv. 28, 40.
n. a man of much greater repu-
tation in war than he desen'ed,
. 40. n. much esteemed where
he was not known, and much
disliked where be was, 55 0 .
given up to an immoderate love
of money, ib. made governor
of Oxford through the queen's
influence, ib. IV. in lac. his
hatred of colonel Gage, 55 I.
whom he tries to prevent being
R '"
,..,

I N D E X.

made his successor at Oxford,
594. he being pensioned and
removed fromJhe governn1ent
in conseqnence of the loss of
bis leg, 594. garrisons Tre-
dagh, vi. 351. and Drogheda,
but could not hold out against
Cromwell, viii. 102.
Atkins, sergeant, iii. 407.
Attorney general usually ad-
vanced to be keeper of the
great seal, i. 81. not usual for
him to be a member of par-
liament, 369'
Aubigney, George Stewart, lord,
fell at Edge-hill, iii. 286. n.
28 7. iv. 65. a suspicion that
he was killed by one of his
own officers, ib. notice of him,
28 9.
Aubigney, (Catharine Howard,)
lady, iv. 45, 296. how far con-
cerned in the design of 1\lr.
'Yaller and 1\lr. Tomkins, iv.
65, 7 0 . imprisoned by the par-
liament in consequence, 68. vi.
22 I. and would have been put
to death, had she not luade her
escape, ib. to the Hague,
29 I. where she died, 296. her
character, and share in the
king's affairs, 292.
Auboyne, (Aboyne,) .Tohn Gor-
don, lord, one of the Scotch
lords who accused the duke
of Hamilton of treason, i \r.
628.
Aviliana, princess of, Inarried the
duke of l\Iedina de los Torres,
vi. 385. n.
Aulgier, -- an agent of die
parliament in France, iii. 358.
Aumigeu, John, one of the ana-
baptists who signed an address
to Charles II. vii. 266.
Austria, archduke of: (see arch-
duke. )
Ayscue, sir George, takes or sinks
thirty sail of the l)ntch luer-

chants, vi. 40 I. fights the
Dutch fleet near Plnllouth, ib.
Scilly delÏ\;ered up to him, 6 I I.
B.
Bacon, justice, iii. 4 0 7. iv. 342.
Bacon, sir Francis, lord chancel-
lor, a friend to the duke of
Buckingham, but ruined by
urging his good advice too ve-
hemently, TV. i. 60.
Baggot, colonel, made governor
of Litchfield by prinee Rupert,
iv. 36. of a good family in that
county, ib.
Baily, - vi. 75. vii. 4 21 .
Bainton, sir Edward, iii. 375.
Baker, colonel, taken prisoner at
Cropredy-bridge, iv. 503.
Balcarris, (Balcarras) Alexander
Lindsav, lord, afterwards earl
of, a petition intended of the
Scotch presbyterians by him
and Frazier, that the chancel-
lor of the exchequer might be
removed, vii. 59. urges Charles
II. to go to Scotland, I 10.
Balfour, sir \Yilliam, dismissed by
Charles 1. frOln being lieute-
nant of the Tower, ii. 80. how
the house of comillons took
his dismissal, 8 J. observations
on his discharge, 122. W. in loco
the command of the parliament
horse chiefly depended upon
him at the battle of Edge-hill,
iii. 272, 274, 28 9, 63 2 , 634.
renlinded by the earl of Linclsey
of his obligations to the king,
288. ordered to ohserve sir W.
'Valler's commands, iv. 455.
present with him at the battle
of Alresford, 460. escapes with
the earl of Essex's horse
through the king's army in
Cornwall, 53 I. n. 544-, 559.
Ball, sir Peter, one of the com-
luissioners of the four asso-
ciated counties who were 8un1-
moned to Bridgewater by the

I
D E X.

prince of 'Vales, v. 152. in-
vites the commissioners to pro-
pose to the prince to Bmke
lord Goring his lieutenant.ge-
neral, 156. how far concerned
in the design of a petition to
the prince, to send conditions
of peace to Fairfax, 24 I .
Ballard, colonel, iii. 188. n.
BaHysonan taken by the marquis
of Ormond, viii. 100.
ßalthazer, colonel, vii. 187.
llamfield, or Bamford, colonel,
notice of, iv. 457. his endea-
vours to become gO\Ternor of
Arundel castle, ib. aids the es-
cape of the duke of York be-
yond sea, vi. 18. made groom
of his bedchamber in conse-
quence, 20. indignant at sir J.
ßerkley being n1ade the duke's
governor, ib. how far con-
cerned in the factions in the
prince's fleet at Holland, 33,
35, 126. dismissed from his
attendance on the duke, for
infusing into him a desire to
command the fleet, 139. was
afterwards a spy under Thur-
low, W. in loco
Bamford, (see Barnfield.)
Banbury castle surrendered to
Charles I. iii. 296. relieved ?y
the earl of Northampton, IV.
5 80 .
Bancroft, Richard, arch bishop of
Canterbury, eulogium of, i.
15 6 .
Banks, sir John, iii. 4 0 7, 0550.
attorney-general, promoted to
the common pleas, i. 368. an
idea of making him lord keeper
of the great seal, ii. 497. no-
tice of his character, 49 8 .
signed the declaration of the
king's lords and counsellors
disavowing any intentions of
war, iii. 72, 57 I. his housc t
Corfe castle, dcfcnded by his

lady with some few gentry, Îv.
21 3.
Barbadoes deli vered up to the
parliament forces, vi. 610.
vast fortunes made there, lb.
Barclay, -- one of the parlia-
ment commissioners to treat
at Uxbridge, v. 37.
Bard, sir Henry, governor of
Carn bden house, v. I 74. U'".
in loe, notice of his licentious
acts, ib.
Barebone, Praise-God, a leather-
seller, an eminent speaker in
the parliament, which was af-
terwards named after him, vii.
13. presents a petition to par-
liament from the fanatics to
join others \vith l\lonk in the
command of the anny, 406.
Barnstable yielded to colonel
Digby, iv. 219. transactions
there, especially complaints
against sir R. Greenvil, v. 20 I.
Barnwall, sir Richard, one of the
conI missioners of trust in Ire-
land, viii. 192.
Baron, Jeffery, kept 'Vaterford
from receiving the lord lieute-
nant, viii. 228. afterwards
hanged there, ib.
Baronius, cardinal, continuation
of his history, published under
the nalne of Olderico llavnal-
do, viii. 72. .
Basing-house, the seat of the
n1arquis of\Vinchester, relieved
by colonel Gage, iv. 55 I.
again besieged and abandoned,
593. taken by Cromwell, v.
337.
Basset, sir Arthur, v. 332.
Basset, sir Thomas, major-gene-
ral of the Cornish, iv. 99,
144.
Bastwick, John, 1\1. D. an oppo-
nent of episcopacy, i. 166. his
character
349. punished for
libelling, 352, 530. how rc-
R4

I K D E X.

ceived on his return from ex-
ile, 349, 354, 53 I.
Bastwick, Dr. iii. 147.
Bath taken possession of by the
king's Cornish forces, iv. 140.
Bath
Henry Bourchier, fifth earl
of, i. 421. one of the lords
that signed a declaration that
the king had no intentions of
war, iii. 7 I, 57 J. sent with the
marquis of Hertford into De-
vonshire, from his supposed
power there, 120. taken pri-
soner, 227. his intentions to-
wards Charles I. ib. one of the
lords that signed the letter to
the pri \'y-council and conser-
vators of the peace in Scot-
land, iv. 63 2 .
Bath and W ells
'Vi IIi anI
Pierce, bishop of, complaints
against, for exorbitant acts, i.
358. signed the bishops' peti-
tion on their constrained ab-
sence from the house of lords,
ii. 1 I 6.
Batten, captain 'Villianl, made
vice-admiral, ii. 340. iii. 1 16.
hostile to Charles I. i i. 340. iii.
T 12, 116. notice of his rise
and character, 589. his part in
})reventing the fleet from de-
claring for the king, 589, I 12.
dissatisfied at the parliament
appointing Rainsborough to
be admiral of a fleet, \i. 23,
24. joins the prince of '''ales,
is knighted, and made rear-ad-
luiral, 36, 37. his appointment
not liked by the sailors, 37,
J 38. retires with the leave of
Charles II. 138.
Battle of Keinton, or Edge-hill,
iii. 273,630. at Bradock-down,
428. on I:Iopton-heath, 458.
at Charlgra\"e, iv. 90. near
Stratton, 100. at Lansdown,
122. of Roundway.down, 134.
at Torrington, 218. at Ncw-

bury, 235. at Alresford, 460.
at Cropredy-bridge, 500. at
l\'Iarston-rnoor, 509. second
battle at Newbury, 582. of
Naseby, v. J 83. near Lam-
port, 208. at Ashburton, 281.
at Chester, 283. near Preston,
vi. 75. at Dunbar, 455. at
"\V orcester, 510. of Dur:.kirk,
vii. 283.
Bavaria, 'V olfgang 'Villiam, duke
of, i. 37,58.
Baynton, -- ii. 320.
Beauchamp, flenry Seymour,
lord, iv. 534, 535.
Beaufort, duke de, vi. 585.
]3eamTIonts, - i. 16.
Beckly, colonel, i,'. 89.
-Beckwith, - ii. 445.
Bedford taken by prince Rupert,
i\'. 314.
Bedford, Edward Russell, third
earl of, iii. 293. Oliver St. J ohu
made a peer through his means,
ib. n.
Bedford, Francis Russell, fourth
earl of, i. 436, 460. ii. 93. one
of the king's commissioners to
treat with the Scots at Rippon,
i. 274. much courted by them,
275. his object in countenanc-
ing the puritans, 3 I 7. Ppu
wholly de\.oted to him, 323.
St. John of an intimate trust
with h:m, to whom he was in
some sort allied, 325. sworn
a privy-counsellor, 34 I. one
of the governing voices in the
hOllse of lords, 347, n. was to
be treasurer, 369, 371. gets
St. .John made solicitor-gene-
ral, 370. not bostile to the
church government, yet did
not discountenance the non-
conforming clergy, 409. Jr.
in loco laboured to save lord
Strafford's life, 422. his con-
\ersation with 1\1r. Hvde con-
cerning the king'::; fe
ling and

I N D :E X.

wisht:=s with n
spect to him,
4 2 3. desiruus of healing the
breaches between the king and
people, 436. secretly under-
took to sa\'e lord Straftòrd's
life, but died too soon, 446,
534. aftlicted at the intem-
perance of his party, 446.
bishop 'Varburton's observa-
tion on this part of his con-
duct, HT.. in loco
Bedford, 'rilli
m H,ussell, fifth
earl of, (afterwards duke of,)
iii. 418. iv. 204, 206, 208,
268. sent by the parliament,
as their general of the horse,
against the n1arquis of I-Iert-
ford in Somersetshire, iii. 202,
608. challenged by him to
fight a duel, 225. drives him
from thence, 225, 226. his
part at the battle of Edge-hill,
271,274. goes over to Charles I.
iv. 193. debate in the council
at Oxford how he should be
received, 197
202. his recep-
tion, 200. n. 209-21 I, 224'
n. present with the king at
the battle of Newbury, 262,
333, n. makes his pea
e with
the par1iament again, 271,332.
his estates in Devonshire grant-
ed to sir R. Greenvil by the
king, v. 214.
Be
liford yielded to coI. Digby,
IV. 2 [9.
Bedingfield,
ir Thomas, commit-
ted to the Tuwer, ii. 343.
Heling, Richard, one of the com-
missioners of trust in Ireland,
\'lll. 192.
Bellasis, -" ii. 452.
Bellasis, lIarry,
1. P. for Y ork-
shire, signs .the articles of neu-
trality agreed on in that coun-
ty, iii. 437.
Bellasis, John, afterwards lord,
joins, with a regiment,' the
king's standard at Notting-

ham, iii. 25 I, n. sent into
Yorkshire, 437. present at the
siege of Bristol, iv. J 4+ where
he was wonnderl, 151, 615.
the command of York, and
the forces for the guard of
the county, intrusted to him,
421. being a person of great
interest in the countv, and of
exemplary industry
nd cou-
rage, ib. defeated and taken
by sir T. Fairfax at Selby, 422.
appointed governor of 1\ cwark,
v. 297
300. ordered by the
king to surrender it, 396.
Bellicvre, monsieur, fixeù upon
by queen Henrietta and cardi-
nal l\Ia:r.arine as ambassador
into England, v. 378. l!is in-
struetions, 405. his negocia-
tions at London, and after-
wards at N e\veastle, with
Charles I. 409.
Bellingham,
killed at the
battle of Edge- hill, iii. 295.
Bellingham, sir Henry, vi. 89.
Bennet, - secretary to sir J.
Herkeley, vi. 476-4ï8.
Bennet, colonel, iv. 217.
Bennet, sir Ilenry, sent envoy to
Madrid, vii. 235. what he did
there, 345, 347, 35 6 , 359,
44 6 .
Bennet, sir Humphrey, distin-
guished himself at the second
battle of N' ewbury, iv. 588:
Berkley, sir Charles, v. 154, 234,
n.
Berkley , of Berkley -cast1e, (jeorge,
twelfth lord, one of the COlU-
nlittee sent by parliament to
Charles II. at the Elague, \'ii.
499.
Berkley, sir U.obert, justice, iv.
286. committed to the Tower,
ib, fined, ib.
Berklev,
ir John, iv. 318. v.
166: 168, 2 I ï, 233, 255, 498.
vi. 476. sets out for llolland,

I N D E X.

being obnoxious to the parlia-
nlent, iii. 160, 593. returns,
161. sent into the west, 120,
181. joins the llJarquis of
Hertford at Sherborne, 202.
sent by llÏm into Cornwall,
226. joined in the command
of the western parts, 425, 426.
advances with others to Tavi-
stock, 429. whereupon the earl
of Stamford retires, 430. over-
runs Devon, 43 I. his part in
the battle of Stratton, iv. 99.
present at the dislodgement of
the enemy from l\'lerdip-hill,
I 16. sent back into Devon-
shire, I] 9. besieges Exeter,
16 9, 2 14, 2 I 5. sends colonel
Digby into Cornwall, 2 16.
present at the battle at Alres-
ford, 425, n. 426, n. 448. ap-
pointed to blockade Lyme,
573. ordered to takE} the com-
mand of sir R. Greenvil's
forces, v. 148. wherewith he
takes Wellington-house, 149.
besieges Taunton, 151. sir H.
Greenvil hostile to him, 149,
162, 163. how he had been
benefited by him, 2 14. cause
of their animosities, 164,
165, 2 I 8. ordered to intend
the work before Plvmouth

188, 206, 207, 2 I 2. "sent by
the prince of 'Vales to con-
fer with lord Goring, 194. at-
tends the prince at Barn-
stable, 203. after his surren-
òer of Exeter waits upon the
queen at Paris, 446. sent by
her to the king. 447. his and
l\1r. AshburnhaIu's transac-
tions with some officers of the
army, 448. W. in loco 479,
484. his part in the king's
escape fronl Hampton-court,
4 88 , 498, 499. sent by the
king to treat with col. Ham-
mond auout receiviug him,

489. some notice of him, 492.
wrote an apology of his con-
duct as to the king's escape,
496. which has since been
published, W. in loco bishop
\Varburtou's opinion of it, ib.
he and Ashburnham became
enemies in consequence of
this affair, 496. acquitted both
by Charles 1. and II. of any
t;easonable intentions in the
business, ib. transports him-
self again into }"'rance, after
the king went to the Isle of
'Vight, 495. made governor to
the duke of York, vi. 20. not
agreeable to the duke, 33- by
whose instigation, 33, 34. his
conduct in this post, 126, 559.
being superseded by lord By-
ron, he does not accompany
the duke to Brussels, 477. had
most of the queen's favour,
559. urges the duke to join
the French army, 560. his
motives for so doing, ib. pre-
tends to the mastership of
wards, 562. the chancellor of
the exchequer tries to dissuade
him, 563
564. the king denies
it him, 564. \vhereupon he
breaks with the chancellor,
565. the late king had not a
very good opinion of him, 563.
upon lord Byron's death has
the chief management of the
duke ofY ork's affairs, 588. de-
signs mademoiselle de Lon-
gueviHe for the duke's wife,
5 8 9.
Berkley, sir'Villiam, go\"ernor of
Virginia, surrenders it to the
parliaIllent forces, vi. 6 I 0, 6 I I.
suffered to remain there as a
pri vate man, 6 I I .
Berkshire, Thomas, lord Howard
of Charlton, first earl of, one
of the commissioners to treat
with the Scots at Rippon, i.

I N D E X.

274. one of the lords who
signed the declaration that the
king had no intentions of war,
iii. 72,57 I. took prisoner, and
committed to the Tower by
the parliament, 227. notice of
his character, 546. made go-
vernor of the prince of 'Vales,
iv. 350. one of the lords who
signed the letter to the privy
council and conservators of
the peace in Scotland, 632.
Charles I. regrets having ap-
pointed him his son's gover-
nor, v. II. sided against the
prince's council in the west,
155, 202, '11. 234, 235. jealous
of the prince's intention of
going into :France, 318. or
into Jersey, 362. returns into
England from Jersey, upon
the prince's going into France,
4 06 .
Berkshire, second earl of, (see
lord Howard of Charlton. )
Berkstead, - W. vi. 254.
Berwick, taken possession of by
the earl of Essex against the
Scotch covenanters, i. 203,
5 0 9. delivered to the parlia-
ment, vi. 90.
Bettelev, colonel, condemned and
exec;lted, vii. 253.
Beza, Theodore, vi. 169.
Bill passed fur raising two sub-
sidies; the commons mUlling
commissioners to receive the
nloney, i. 364. which method
was aftenvards continued, ib.
a bill for a triennial parliament
passed, 367. a bill of attainder
brought into the commons
against the earl of Strafford,
397. passed in a few days,
4 0 5. a bill passed in the COlll-
mons to take away the bi-
shops' "otes in p
rliament,
4 10. rejected in the lords, 415.
a bill brought into the COlU-

mons for extirpating bishops,
deans, and chapters, &c. 416,
536. but laid by for that time,
418. revived and committed,
482. laid aside, 484. a bill for
settling the militia preferred

486. read once, 488. a new
bill in the comillons to take
away bishops' votes, ii. 24. a
bill prepared in the commons
for pressing Illen for J reland,
68. its preamble excepted a-
gainst by the lords, 69. passed,
73. a bill for settling the power
of the n1ilitia received bv the
commons, 79, 80. tOl1
hing
the bill against the b;shops'
votes, depending in the hOllse
of lords, 82. the militia-bill
passed by the commons, 179.
and by the lords, 226. the
lords pass the bills touching
the bishops' votes and press-
ing, 228. which are passed by
the king, 249, (See acts and
parliament. )
Binion, George, disfranchised
and fined by the parliament
for being concerned in the
London petition against their
settling the militia, ii. 347.
Bishoprics, several vacant, filled
up to the dissatisfaction of
the house of commons, ii. 25.
Bishops, how their attendance at
the earl of Strafford's trial was
set aside, i. 380. wrong in ac-
quiescing, 382. a bill passed
the conunons to take away the
bishops' votes in parlial{lent,
410. rejected in the house
of lords, 415. a bill brought
into the eommons for extir-
pating bishops, deans, and
chapters, 41 Ú, 536. laid by,
418. revi\'ed and comnlitteò

482. laid aside, 484. bishops
censurable for not advising the
king to persist in his refusal to

I N D E X.

sIgn the bill condemning th

earl of Straftòrd tor treason,
45 I. a new bill in the com-
nlOns to take away bishops'
votes, ii. 24. touching it, de-
penùing in the house of lords,
8'2. all the bishops intimidated
by the mob from attending the
house of lords, 90, 103, 'll.
ill-advised by archbishop \Vil-
Iiams to protest against the le-
gality of the proceedings of
the house of lords during their
constrained absence, I 13. copy
of the protest drawn up by
the archbi
hop, 114. censure
of this measure, ] 20. twelve
that subscribed acclIsed of
treason bv the commons, and
sent to the Tower, 118. the
bill depriving them of their
votes passed in the house of
lords, 228. reasons suggested
to the king for depriving them
of their seats in the house of
lords, 247. he passes the
bill chiefly through the queen's
persuasions, 248. the twelve
imprisoned bishops bailed by
the house of lords, 260. re-
committed by the commons,
261. (See episcopacy.)
Bishops do not constitute a dis-
tinct estate in parliament, ac-
cording to the opinion of bi-
shop \Varbl1rton, JfT. ii. I 19.
Blague, colonel, iv. 224, n.
Blake, admiral Robert, encoun-
ters the Dutch fleet, ,,'i. 598,
599. takes their fishingbusses
and their guard-ships, 601.
appointed one of the three
admirals of the fleet in 1653,
though not thought to be
enough devoted to Cromwel1,
vii. 2 I. the Dutch beaten bv
this fleet, ib. appointed to

fleet in 1655, as Cromwell
bad all confidence in him, '7.3.

sent into the l\lediterranean,
I 75. forces .Algiers to a peace,
179. and burns a fleet in the
harbour of Tunis, ib. l\loun-
tague joined in commission
with him, 1 H9. beats a Spanish
fleet at Santa Cruz. 2 12. dies
on his way home, 2 [5. his
burial and character, ib.
Blake, colouel, iii. 320, n.
Blavett, - vi. 357, n.
Blunt, sir Charles, iv. 480.
Bois, (see Boys.)
Boles, colonel, killed in an action
at Alton, iv. 456.
Bolingbroke, Henry St. John vis-
count, W. v. 349.
Bolingbroke, (see Bullingbrook.)
Bolton, sir Richard, chancellor
of Ireland, iv. 393.
Bond, - ii. 27-
Boorke, mayor of Liluerick, viii.
28, n. (See Bourke.)
Booth, sir George, vii. 337, 435.
undertakes to possess himself
of Chester for Charles II. vii.
323. seizes it, 332. his and
sir T.l\Iiddleton's declaration,
ib. Lambert sent against them
by the parliament, 334. who
routs sir G. and takes Ches-
ter, 335. sir G. escaped, bllt
was taken and sent to the
Tower, ib. released from pri-
son, and chosen a menlber of
the new parliament, 432. one
of the committee sent by par-
liament to wait on the king at
the Hague, 499.
Borgia, Cæsar, v. 544.
Borlase, (Burlase,) sir John, iv.
393. nlade a lord justice in
Ireland, ii. 585. llotiee of his
character, ib. and of his con-
duct, viii. 167.
Borrel, Inonsieur, Dutch ambas-
sador at Paris, vi. 603.
Rostal-hollse taken by colonel
Gage tor Charles I. iV:494,49S.

I
D E X.

Roswell, sir \\Tilliam, the killg's
resident in Holland, vi, 2 I 1 .
l
oteler, sir 'Villiam, killed in
the action of Cropredy- bridge,
iv. 504.
Bouchier, George, hanged for
conspiring to deli,'er up Bris-
tol to the king, iv. 57.
Bourke, .John, alderman of Li-
merick, yiii. 14 I. (
ee Boorke.)
Bowing at the name of Jesus
forbidden by parliament, i i. 7.
Boys, or Bois, colonel, garrisoned
Donnington castle, h". 237.
bravely defended it, 542.
Brabant, - v. 205.
Brabazon, Erlward, iv. 393.
llrachamonte, don Diego de, vi.
3 8 7.
Rradock-down, sir R. Hopton,
beats the parliament forces
unrler Rnthen there, iii. 428.
Bradshaw, John, '". 255, 3 22 .
made lord president of the
court of justice to try king
Charles, vi. 217. notice of
him, 2 18. his conduct in the
trial, 23 I.
Braganza, duke of, (see king of
Portugal. )
Brainford, or llrentford, earl of,
(see general Ruthen.)
l
ramston, sir John, chief justice,
iii. 268, 407.
Brandenburgh, Frederick 'Vil-
liam, elector of, vii. 119, 120.
Brandon, Charles, duke of Suf-
folk, v. 22<).
l
randon family, v. 229.
Brent, sir Nathaniel, a commis-
:-;ioner to reform the university
of Oxford by the rule of the
covenant, v. 48 J. the same
who translated father Paul's
H istorv of the Council of
Trent, "IV. in lul'.
Urentford, or TIrainford, earl of,
(see general Huthen.)
Brert'ton, (see J
ruerton.)

Bret, captain Edward, iv. 539.
13rett, colonel, iii. 466.
Bridges, captain, iv, 448.
Bridges, major, drowned, iv. 487.
Bridgman, sir Or1ando, notice of
his character, ii. 605. iii. 448.
his public situations, ii. 605. v.
37. was instrumental in keep-
ing Chester firm to Charles I.
iii. 448. one of the king's com-
missioners to treat at Uxbridge,
Y. 3ï, 60.
BridlTewater taken bv the mar-
L) .
quis of Hertford, iv. ] 10. re-
taken by sir T. Fairfax, v. 223.
Brill, the. given up by king
James, i. 1 I 5.
Bristol. a design of giving up the
city to prince llupert, how
prevented, iv. 57. besieged by
him, L.p, 6 II. surrendered
upon articles, 145. delivered
up by the prince, v. 244.
Bristol, John Digby, first earl of,
i. 66. ii. 344, 34 8 . iii. 591. Y.
255. vi. 335. as ambassador ex-
traordinary in Spain he had
negociated the marriage be-
tween prince Charles and the
infanta, i. 20. duke of Buck-
ingham's reflections against
him respecting this match, 38.
iii. 544. the real reason of his
being recalled from l\ladrid, i.
38,39. king James's opinion of
him, ib. committed to the Tower
for treason, owing to the weak-
ness of that king 42. ac-
ClIses Buckingham of treason,
ib. how he hàd given offence
to Buckingham in Spain, 64,
65. one of the comn1issioners
to treat with the Scots at Rip-
pon, 274.
worn a prh'y-couu-
seHor, 341. one of the lords
that signed the declaration that
the king had no intentions of
\\ ar
72, 57 I . one of those
excepted by parliament fro111

I N D I
x.

being allowed to make their
peace with them on any terms,
239. his dismissal frol11 the
king's councils proposed to
Charles I. by parliament, 406.
his character, 544. where he
died, ib. was one of the lords
who signed the letter to the
privy-council ànd conservators
of the peace in Scotland, i v.
632. retired into France at the
end of the war, iii. 545. sum-
n10ned from Cacn to attend
prince Charles at the Louvre,
vi. 22, 2.1, n. by whom he was
less regarded, owing to l\Ir.
Elliot, 334. died in France,
iii. 545. bishop 'Varburton's
observation respecting him, lr.
iii. 546.
nristol, second earl of, (see
George lord Digby,)
Broad seal, a new one voted by
parliament, as the king had
the old one, iv. 339. delivered
to six commissioners, 34 I.
BroghilI, Roger Boyle, lord, af-
terwards first earl of Orrery,
the province of 1\lunster po;-
sessed for the parliament by his
activity and lord Inchiquin's, v.
52 I. as president of l\Iunster,
was disposed towards Charles
II. fr0111 hatred of Lambert,
vii. 475, 477. hanged the ti-
tular bishop of Haphoe, viii.
228.
Bromicham, determined hostility
of this place to the king.

cause, iii. 276. taken by prince
Rupert, iv. 33.
Brooke, Fulke Grevile, first lord,
i. 86.
13rook, Robert Greville, second
lord, i. 397. ii. 606. refuses
to nlake the protestation of
loyalty at York, i. 20j, 509.
one of the commissioners to
treat \-vitI. the Scots at Rip-

pon, 274. hostile to the earl
of Stt"afiòrd aud arch bishop
Laud, 321. of what party in
the house of lord
, 347, n.
how far trusted, 348, '11. he
and lord Say the only positive
enemies in the house of peers
to the whole fabric of the
church and of the state, 409.
governed for the parliament in
\\? arwickshire, iii. 608, 276.
<hi ven thence by the earl of
Northampton, 460. mentioned
by the king in one of his de-
clarations, as one wbonl he
should indite for treason, 618.
certain counties associated a-
gainst the king under his com-
mand, 453. shot in besieging
Litchfield cathedral, 454, 455.
his character, 455. called by
bishop lVarburton a man of
virtue and conscience, fV. vi.
126.
Brook, Robert Greville, fourth
lord, one of the conllnittce
sent by parliament to wait on
Charles II. at the I-Iague, vii.
499.
Brown,-oneofthe parliament
commissioners intruRted with
the new broad seal, iv. 34- 0 .
Bron"n, colonel, v. 438.
Brown,
najorrgeneral, vi. 4 8 9'
comnlanded the parliament
garrison at Abingdol1) iv. 549.
one of the committee appoint-
ed by parliament to receive
Charles I. at Newcastle, v.
422. one of the leading men
in the house of commons, 454.
committed to prison by the
house, vi. 208.
Brown, Jeffery, one of the conl-
nlissioners of trust in Ireland,
viii. 19 2 . sent with sir N.
Plunket to treat with the
duke of Lorrain, vi. 614. viii.
2 11.

I N D I
x.

Brown, sir John, iv. 585, 586.
Brown, Samuel, iii. 407.
Brownerigg, Ralph, Inade bi"hop
of Exeter, ii. 25.
Bruce, Edward, lord, slain in a
duel by the earl of Dorset, i.
106.
Bruce, lord, one of the cOlnmit-
tee sent by parliament to wait
upon Charles II. at the Hague,
vii. 499.
Bruerton, or Brcleton, sir 'Vil-
liam, 1\1. P. for Cheshire, hos-
tile to the church, iii. 448.
marches into Cheshire, ib. for.,
tifies Nantwich, 449. notice of
his eharacter and conduct,
45 I. present at the battle of
l-lopton-heath, 456. his and sir
.J. Gell's unreasonable demand
as a ranson1 for the earl of
Xorthampton's body, 460. the
strength of his force;5, i v. 394.
joined by sir T. Fairfax, 429.
Buck, colonel sir Brutus, fell at
the siege of Bristol, i v. 144, J 49.
612. notice of him, 149, 6 J 3.
Buckhurst,Thomas Sackville,lord,
treasurer, created earl of Dor-
set on king .James's first en-
tranee, i. 106. educated his
grandchild Edward, afterwards
earl of Dorset, ib.
Buckhurst, Richard Sacln-ille,
lord, afterwards fifth earl of
Dorset, iii. 38 I.
]3uckingham, George VilJiers,
first duke of, i. 86, I03
113,
3 1 9. ii. 99. iii. 257, 55 0 .
IV. i. 15, 20, 45, 78, 160.
advised the dissolutions of
the two first parliaments of
Charles I. i. 10. to escape im-
peachment, 10, 46. this advice
the cause of his nUlrder, ib.
his conduct easily accounted
for, J J. blasphen;ously called
our Sa\'iour by sir E. Coke, ib.
his rise, J 5. first owing to

the handsomeness of his per-
son, 16. which was univer..
sally admired, 67' he was a
younger son of sir G. Villiers,
ib. partly educated in France,
ib. succeeded the earl of So-
merset as the favourite of
James I. ] 7. made cupbearer
to him, 18. his numerous
promotions, ib. had the dis-
posal of all the public honours
and offices, ib. how he dis-
pensed them, ib. n1any thought
that .James grew weary of him,
and \-vould have deprived hinI
of his power had he li\'ed, 19.
why not probable, ib. .James
never well pleased with him
after prince Charles'8 journey
to Spain, 20, 32, 39. why and
how he contrived the journey,
20. this circumstance the be-
ginning of the confidence be-
tween him and the prince, en-
n11ty previously existing, 22.
his behaviour to the king on
this occasion, J 9. (usually call-
ed Stenny by king James,)
30. his behmriour to sir }4'r.
Cottington, whose opinion was
against the journey, 3 I. having
offended the king on account
of the Spanish nlatch being
brol\en off, he resolves to court
the parliament and people, 35.
iii. 565. his aCCOl
nt to parlia-
111ent of Charles's journey, ib.
he reflects therein against the
earl of Bristol, 38. \-vas the
cause both of the rise and fall
of the earl of 1\liddlesex, 39,
40. offended king James by
the impeachment of the earl,
ib. the king's prophetic de-
claration in consequence re-
specting parliamentary im-
peachment, 4 I. continues king
Charles'
favourite after his ac-
('e
sion, 43. and has the di!oi-

I
IJ I.: X.

pmml of e\'ery thing, 44.
brought Charl
s's bride from
:France, 47. was general at
the unfortunate descent upon
the isle of Rhé, 47. his bra\'e
conduct there, 56. particulars
of his assa:ssination by ,Felton,
at Portsmouth, whilst prepar-
ing to embark for l{ochelLe,
47-53. how tJle king re-
ceived the news of his death,
54, 55. his character, 55.
called by bishop \Varburton, a
minister the nlost debauched,
the most unable, and the 1110st
tyrannical that ever was
T-fT.
i. 73. the origin of his enmity
with the earl of Oxford, 57..
occasion of his avowed hos-
tility to sir Fr. Cottington, 58.
how far afterwards reconciled,
60. his never gaining a true
friend, a chief cause of his mis-
fortunes, ib. bishop \Vëlrburton
calls this a mistake, and says,
that lord chancellor Bacon was
his friend, and ruined himself
by urging too vehemently his
good advice, fV. in loco in-
herited a vast fortune by his
wife, (Catharine
fanners,) sole
heiress of the earl of Rutland

62. two particulars IllOSt hurt-
ful to his reputation, ib. the
first his engaging king James
in a war with Spain, in con-"
sequence of his quarrel with
Olivarez, 63. particulars of it,
ib. the second, his involving
him in a war with France,
owing to a private amour,
67. endea\'oured to estrange
Charles from his wife, 68.
these two wars the cause of
his ruin, 73. an account of a
prediction of his death, 74.
the bishop of Lincoln removed
from the keepership of the
. great seal, owing to his dis-

pleasure, 8 I . made '"" eston lord
treasurer, 85. the earl of l\-lan

chester rose by his favour, 96.
and the earl of IIolland, 11 I,
I 12.. and sir D. Carleton, 115.
guided by Laud in the disposal
of the church preferment, ib.
to make himself popular, he
sought the friendship of lord
Say; but finding him too im-
perious, and to affect too dan-
gerous mutations, he cast hin1
off, iii. 565. how far concerned
with the fortunes of sir H.
Vane, the elder, 567. courted
by sir ll. Greenvil, iv. 564.
Buckingham, George Villiers,
second duke of, vi. 4 0 3, 487,
494, 5 18 , ,,79. W. vi. 43 8 .
ris
s wi lh the earl of llolland
in favour of Charles Ii. vi. 5,
6, 95. the earl being routed,
he escapes into Holland, 98.
the only English person of
quality allowed to be about
the king in Scotland, 437.
gave himself wholly up to the
marquis of Argyle, 4 86 , 495.
having broken off his friend-
ship wit.h duke Hamilton, and
the earl of Lauderdale, 495.
solicits the king. \vhilst at
\Vorcester, to make him gene-
ral in chief, 507. refused, 508.
bishop 'Varburton's remark on
this request, T-17. in loco And on
his character, ib.
Buckingham, C
fary Beaumont
)
countess of, i. 69, 78.
Buckingham, (Catherine Man-
ners,) duchess of, i. 62.
Buekinghamshire petition to the
house of commons, ii. 166. the
house of lords, 168. and the
king, 169.
Buckland Monachorum in De-
von, V. 214.
Bulkeley, Launcelot, archbishop
of Dublin, iv. 393.

I
D

Buller, sir Richard, iii. 4 18 , 4 21 ,
4 22 .
Bullingbrook, (Bolingbn\b.e,)
Oli\"er St. John, earl ot: one of
the parliament commissioners
intrusted with the new broad
seal, i\T. 34 0 . one of the few
peers who attended the house
of lords, 403, 63 0 .
Bunklv, lieutenant-colonel, IV.
55 6 .
Burgess, Dr. ii. 25.
Burlacv, sir John, a lord ju!'\tice
in I;eland, iii._482.
Burlase, (see norlase.)
Burly, captain, iii. 114. vi. 19 8 .
stirs up the people in the Isle of
'Vight for Charles I. v. 5 10. is
condemned and executed, 5 I I_
Burnet, Gilbert, bishop of Sarum,
JY. i. 160. iv. 43 I. vi. 9. his ac-
count of Charles II. changing
his religion confuted accord-
ing to bishop 'Varburton, vii.
J 29.
I
llrton, Henry, an opponent of
episcopacy, i. 166. his charac-
ter, 349.. punished for libel-
ling, 352, 530. how received
on his return f,.om e\:ile, 349,
353, 53 I. preaches against
episcopacy, ii. 83. his sermon
printed under the title of the
Protestation protested, 83,
5 6 3.
Bushel, Bro\Vn
executed for ha\r-
ing gone o,-er to the king, ,ri.
555.
Butler, lieutenant-colonel, IV.
547.
Butler, sir Edmond, basely mur-
dered at 'Vexford, viii. '05.
Bntler, colonel Richard, present
at the battle of H.athmines,
viii. 98.
Byron, sir John, afterwards lord,
iii. 225, 233, 235, 628. ,oi.
54, 5 62 . viii. 7 I. made lieu-
tenant of the Tower, ii. 82.
VOl... YIU.

l
x.

the house of commons petition
for his l'emo\Tal, 172, '98. the
house of lords refusing to join
them, Ig8. notice of his tamily
and character, ib. the king dis-
misses him at his own rerplest,
235, his part in the battle of
Edge-hill, 2i4-. and at Round-
way-down, iv. 134. one of the
]ords who signed the letter to
the priry-co
mcil and conser-
vators of the peace in Scot-
land, 633. notièe of him.
424, 1l. his conduct as gover-
nor of Chester and Shrop-
shire, 424, n. 426-430. V. 175.
made governor of the duke of
York, vi. 20. gets possession
of Anglesey, and disposes
North 'Vales to aid the king's
cause, 43. accompanies the
duke of York to Brussels,
4 i 7 . not consulted about
the duke's going there, 4i6.
or about his propm
ed mar-
riage, 478. sir J. Berkley tries
to prejudice the duke against
hinl, 559, 5 60 . his death,
5 88 .
Byròn, sir Nicholas, iii. 188, n.
266, 272. wounded at the bat-
tle of Ed
e-hiU, 292. made go-
vernor of Chester
449. notice
of him, ib.
Bvron, sir Thoma
, notice of,
. Iii. 619. wounded at the hattle
of Hopton-heath, 45 8 , 459.
C.
Cadiz, or Cales, unsucce
sful at-
tempt against, i. 6, 4 i, 7\),
72. ii. 50.
Cæsar,
ir Julius, Inaster of the
rolls, i. 92.
Cæsar, Rohert, notice of, i. 92-
a remarkable story with reta-
tion to him and the earl of
Portland, ib.
Calamy, Edmund, one of the
pres.byterian di\.ines who had A.
s

I N D E X.

public audience of Charles II.
at the I-Iague, vii. 501.
Calendar, James Livingston, first
earl of, ii. 37. iii, 31 I.
Cales, (see Cadiz.)
Calvin, vi. 169.
Calvinian party, notice of, i. J 56.
strong at Oxford, 159.
Cambden hou8e wantonly burnt
down by sir H. Bard, v. 174.
Jr. in loco
Cambridge, university of, contri-
butes plate and nloney for the
use of Charles I. iii. 246.
Cambridge, earl of, (see marquis
of Hamilton.)
Canons, (see Scotland.)
Cansfield, sir John, wounded in
the second battle of New-
bury, Ì'T. 584, 5 8 9.
Canteeroy, countess of, vi. 478.
Canterbury, archbishop of, (see
Abbot, and Laud.)
Cape], - i. 373.
Capel, Arthur lord, iv. 394. v. 84,
143, 268, 27 0 , 27 I, 3 0 4, 3 0 7,
3 1 7, 3 18 , 33 2 . '/l.4 2 5, 479.
one of the lords who signed
the declaration, that Charles
I. had no intentions of war,
iii. 72, 57 I. sent to borrow
money of the earl of Kingston
for the king, 247. n1ade lieu-
tenant-general of Shropshire,
Cheshire, and North 'Vales,
45 I. one of the lords who

igned the letter to the privy-
council, and conservators of
the peace in Scot1and, iv. 633.
appointed one of the council
to the prince of 'Vales, v. II.
and one of the king's commis-
sioners to treat at Uxbridge,
37. sent to Taunton, 14 8 . and
to Exeter, to in\'estigate the
complaints against sir R.Green-
viI, 163. goes to Scilly, 322,
359. sent with lord Colepep-
per to Paris, to dissuade the

qu.een from sending for the
pflnce of 'Vales to :France,
367. how far they prevailed,
380, 382. his opinion against
the prince's going, 400. re-
nlains in Jersey after his de-
parture, 406. waits on the
king at Hampton Court, 475,
476. was in the most secret
part in all the intrigues in the
king's favour, vi. 20. joins the
rising in Essex, 6 I. remon-
strates in favour of his fellow
prisoners at Colchester, 100.
how treated by Fairfax, 102.
sent to the Tower, 103. a new
high court of justice appointed
for his trial, and that of some
others, 252. his beha,-iour at
his trial, 253. JV. in loco W.
vi. 254. llradshaw's insolent
expressions to him, vi. 255.
condemned, ib. account of his
escape, and recapture, 258. be-
headerl, 263. his speech on the
scaffold, ib. his character, 264.
Capuchin friars, attendant upon
the queen, sent back to France
by the parliament, iii. 237.
Carbery, Richard Vaughan:second
earl of, baron Vaughan in Eng-
land, one of the lords who sign-
ed the letter to the privy-coun-
cil, and conservators of the
peace in Ireland, iv. 632.
Cardinas, don Alonzo de, am-
bassador from the king of
Spain in England, i. 492. vi.
328, 3 6 4, 3 86 . n. 441. vÎI.
18 I, 452, 493. treats with
the parliament, v. 349. vi.
249. malignant towards the
king, 249, 387. buys his pic-
tures, &c. after his murder,
ib. makes it believed at l\Ia...
drid that the king's affairs
were desperate, 387. ordered
by Cromwell to leave Eng-
lanò, ,-ii. 18 I. his intrigues

INDEX.

wi th the levellers, 1 83- I 85.
the chancellor of the exche-
quer sent to confer with him
at Brussels, 225, 229. dis-
liked the earl of Bristol, 232.
urges the king to make a con-
j unction with the levellers,
278. don Juan recalled through
his influence, and the marquis
of Carracena's, 338. continues
firm to the levellers, 445. and
possessed the court of l\ladrid
with the same spirit, 446.
Cardinas, Antonio de, vi. 359.
Careless, captain, persuades
Charles II. to hide himself in
the oak, vi. 519. and conducts
him thence to a place of safety,
5 20 -5 2 4.
Carew, sir Alex. iii. 42 I. W. iv.
32 I. possesses the east part of
Cornwall for the parliament,
iii. 418. notice of him, iv. 319.
treats of a surrender of the
fort of Plymouth to the king's
forces, but is surprised, ib.
Carleton, sir Dudley, afterwards
viscount Dorche
ter, secretary
of state, i. 113. his characte;,
1 14.his previous oceupation
,ib.
Carlingford, earl of, (see viscount
Taffe. )
Carlisle delivered to the parlia-
ment, vi. 90.
Carlisle, James IIav, first earl of,
previously viscou
t Dorchester.
i. 108. of much authority in the
council of king .James, ib. with
whom he came into England

ib. his education and character,
ib. sets the example of the
greatest expense in clothes
and diet, 109. the earl of Hol-
land his friend, II I. was first
gentleman of the bedchamber
to Charles I. 140. married
the
arl of Northumberland's
daughter, iii. 55 1. and obtained
his release from prison, ib.

Carlisle, (Luey Percy,) ('01mtcs

of: iii. 632. vi. 66, 136. TV.
ii. 13, 127, 232. betrays the
queen's secrets, ii. 13, 603.
called by bishop 'Varburton
the Erinnys of that time, Jr. ii.
541.
Carlos, don, infante of Spain,
i. 64-66.
Carnarvon, Robert Dormer, first
earl of: iii. 610. iv. 107, Ii J.UT.
iv. 214. one of the lords who
signed the declaration that
Charles I. had no intentions
of war, iii. 72, 571. and one
of those who were excepted
by parliament from luaking
peace with them on any terms,
239. present at the battle of
Edge-hill, 63 I. his ?allant con-
duct at l\lenùip-hill, iv. 116-
I I 8. his part in the battle
at Lansdown, 122. and at
Roundway-dowl1, 133, 134.
609. marches into Dorsetshir
.
211. Dorchester, 'Ve,Tmol1lh.
and Portland, surre
der to
him, 213, 220. reason of his
quitting his command, and re-
turning to the king befor<;
Gloucester, 214. slain at the
hattle of Newbury, 239. his
character, ib.
Carnewarth, (Carnwath,) llobert.
Dalzell, second carlot: \T. 29 2 .
turns the king's horse out of
the field of battle at :Kasebv, ,T.
184. marches with lord Digb
'
to Doncaster, 292. after the
defeat at Sherborne, he retires
into Ireland, 293, 294.
Carpio, marquis of, vi. :183.
Carr, (K er,) IIenry lord. ii. 5 jó.
Carr, - governor of Ciren-
cester, taken prisoner, ii i. 4 1 ï.
Carr, major. iL 544-
('arracena. marquis of, vii. 363.
36-1-. 4S 2. appointed to com-
mand the Spanish arm
in
8 2

I N D E X.

Flanders, vii. 182, 186. re-
ceires the marquis of Ormond
with great civility, 226. and
the earl of Bristol, 232. he
and don Juan neglect the
prince of COlldé's ad\"Ìee, 281.
and lose the battle of Dun-
kirk in consequence, 285. pro-
cures the recall of don Juan,
338. and obtains the gorern-
ment of Flanders for himself,
ib. his intention of seizing
Charles II. 452, twice invites
him back to Brussels, but in
vaIn, 492.
Carrington, lord, iv. 461.
Carteret, or Cartwright, captain,
, afterwards sir George, v. 425.
refuses the vice-admiralty un-
der the earl of 'Varwic.k, ii.
340. iii. 1 15, I 16. supplies
the king's forces with anunu-
nition, 433- had the com-
mand of Jersev under lord
Jerm)'n, \.i. 352: which he de-
fended as long as he could,
608. ordered by the king to
surrender on cOllàitions, 609.
Cartwright, sir IIl1gh, \'Ì. I 18.
Cartwright, (see t;arteret.)
Case, - one of the presbyte-
rian di\'ines who had a public
audience of Charles II. at the
Hague, vii. 501.
Cashel, titular abp. of, viii. 127.
Cassel, (see Hesse Cassel.)
Castile, admirante, accolmt of his
altercation with the marquis
de Liche, vi. 37 0 , 373, 3i4.
CastilJe, Roderigo, marquis of,
one of the Spanish council of
state, vi. 382. notice of him,
385. n.
Castlehaven, -- Touchet, earl of,
vi. 622. viii. 85, 86, 137, 20 5.
Castle Talbot surrendered to the
marquis of Ormond, viii. 87.
Castleton
=--- Saunderson, lord,
one of the committee sent by

the bOU8e of commons to wait
on Charles II. at the Hague,
vii. 499.
Castrilio, condé of, one of the
Spanish council of state, vi.
382. notice of him, 386. n.
Ca\raliers, use of the term, ii. 93.
all banished twenty miles from
London by the . parliament,
vii. 320.
Cavendish, Charles, afterwards sir
Charles, sent into Lincoln-
shire, iii. 446. present at the
battle of l\Iarslon-moor, iv.
510. notice of him, ib.
Cecil, sir Hobert, vi. 466.
Cessat.ion agreed on at Rippon,
i. 282. cessation of arms con-
cluded for a year in Ireland,
164
, iv. 364. disowned by
parliament, ib.
Chafin, Dr. i. 103.
Chalgrave-field, the action therc 9
iv. 84. Hambden mortally
wounded, 90.
Chaloner, -- iv. 188. vi. 221.
his trial and execution, iv. i5.
Chancellor of the exchequer, (see
lIvde. )
ChaI;cellor of Scotland, (
ee car'
of Loudon.)
Chancels ordered by parliament
to be levelled, ii. 7.
Chandois, George Bridges, sixth
lord, Sudlev-castle, his seat,
iv. 231. notice of him, 489.
Charenton, the luinisters of,
press Charles II. to go to their
church, vi, 572. seconded by
lord Jermyn, ib. Hvde dis-
suades him., 573. he r
fuses to
go, 575.
Charles I. (as prince of "Tales)
i. II I. (as king) i. 422,473.
ii. 80, 81, li4, 175. iii. 174,
280, 636, 476. iv. 65, J 5 2,
197, 201. 224, n. 23 1 , 24 ó ,
26 3, 26 5, 333, n. 35 0 , 5 17.
v. 158, n. 169, 446. ,'i. 20, 8.L .

I N D E X.

vii. 106. viii. 2, 3, 7, I I, 15,
18,19,2 1,2-1-,52,53,61,62,
66, 177. state of the country
at his acce
sion, i. 6. bishop
'Varburton's opinion of his in-
tentions at the beginning of
his reign, W. i. 8. peace con-
cluded with Spain and France,
i. 6, J 17. its happy effects, I 18.
W. in loco causes of an exhaust-
ed exchequer, i. 6. expedients
for its replenishment, 7, I 19.
Charles's declaration at the
close of the parlialnent in his
fourth year, 7. its ill effects,
1 I 8. bishop vVarburton's ob-
servation upon it, W. i. 118.
precipitate dissolution of par-
liaments one cause of the fu-
ture calamities, i. 7. Charles un-
fortunate in the persons about
him, 8. who advised the disso-
lutions of the three first par-
liaments, and why, 10-12.
how Charles would have been
benefited by not pre\7enting
parliament from impeaching
any of his ser\ 7 ants, 13. state
of the court about that time,
15. how the duke of Bucking-
ham induced him, when prince,
to go to Spain, 20. which was
the commencement of the con-
fidence between them, enmity
previously existing, 2 2.
ow
James's consent to the journey
was obtained, 22-32. his rea-
Sons against it, 27. (Charles
usually called Baby by king
.J ames,) 3 o. sir }'rancis Cot-
tingtoo's opinion against it,
31. the Spanish match was
broken off in consequence of
this journey, 32, 66. Charles
duped by the Spanish court, 1V.
i. 34. Bucking-ham's account of
the journey to parliament, i.
35. one statement was, that the
Spaniards tried to persnade

Charles to turn papist, 36. the
parliament's resolution against

pain, 38. king James's pro-
phetic declaration to his son
concerning parliamentary im-
pe-3.chments in consequence of
his countenancing that against
the earl of l\Iiddlesex, 41. a
treaty set on foot for his mar-
ringé with a daughter of the
king of France, 43. great joy
at his accession to the throne,
ib. which happened at a favour-
ahle conjuncture with respect
to foreign powers, ib. Buck-
ingham continues his favourite,
ib. and has the disposal of
every thing, 44. how the news
of Buckingham's death wag
recei\Ted by him, 54. the sup-
position that it was not un-
grateful incorrect, 55. he re-
8pected his Inemory, 79, n.
the marquis of Hamilton had
great power over his affections,
82. twice paid the debts of
lord treasurer 'Veston, 90. W.
in loco makes Inoney by knight-
hood, 119. revives the forest
laws, 120. levies ship-money
ib. the powers of the council-
table and star-chamber en-
larged, I 2 I. these measures
censured, 122. the felicity of
the times before the long par-
liament, ] 3 I, 162, compared
with the times of queen Eliza-
beth, 131. and of king James,
132-135. what was wanting to
complete this happiness, 136,
507. notice of Charles's cha-
racter, 135. his journey into
Scotland to be crowned, 13 8 .
139, ,508. his reception, 14 0 .
yet the seeds of succeedi ng
commotions then sown, 142.
his intentions of introducing
the English liturgy into Scot-
land, 146, I" T J 5oR. hi
Rt-
f; :1

I N D :E X.

tachment to the dmrch of
England, 144, 1..1-6. his feeling
towards the Scotch nation,
15 1 , 195. erects the bishop-
ric of Edinburgh, 152. un sea-

onably prefers some bishops
In SeotJand to secular offices,
154. his return to England,
156. uufavourably disposed to
the Cah'inistic party, 16 I. his
passion for hunting, 176. his
design of making a park be-
tween Richmond and Hamp-
ton Court, ib. opposed by bi-
shop Juxon and lord Cot-
tington, 177. and by archbi-
shop Laud, 178. the disturb-
ance in Scotland by the co-
venanter
the first interruption
of the peace and prosperity
of his reign, 200. the king
raises forces against the cove-
nanters, 201. appoints the
earl of Arundel general, and
the earl of Essex lieutenant-
general, ib. and the earl of
Holland general of the horse,
202. provides a fl
et also under
the Inarquis of Hamilton, ib.
the earl of Essex possesses Ber-
wick, 203. the king might have
finished the war at once, if it
had been vigorously pursued
205. his error in summoning
all his nobility to attend hinl
on this expedition, 20 5, 509.
one evil consequence, 206. the
king goes to the borders of
Scotland, 209. sends the earl
of Holland as far as Dunce, ib.
his retreat from thence, 2 I o.
the king supposed only to have
intended a show of war, 214.
the Scotch sty Ie of address to
the king, 215. a treaty con-
cluded, 217. the king wrong
in not holding the Scotch par-
lianlent to settle the diffe-
rences, in person; 2 18,5 J I. me..

lancholic at the disgrace of this
expedition, 221. the earl of
Argyle joins the covenanters
notwithstanding his obligations
to him, 225. calls a parliament
after twelve years disconti-
nuance, April 1640, 229. for
what reason, ib. chiefly by the
advice of the earl of Strafford,
229. offers to it to give up his
claim to ship-money for twelve
subsidies, 258, 514. but dis-
solves it before the point was
settled, owing to misrepresent-
ations of their proceedings,
245, 24 6 , 5 16 . public regrets
at this step, 246. his own, 247.
money lent him by voluntary
loans, 247, 518. his prepara-
tions for a new war against
the Scotch, 248. he n1akes the
earl of Northumberland gene-
ral, and lord Conway general
of the horse, 249, 250. and de-
signs the earl of Strafford to
succeed the earl, 254. \Varbur-
ton's censure of this measure,
W. in loco a great council of
peers sununoned to attend the
king at York, in consequence
of a defeat at Newburn, 260.
what step should bave been
taken after it, 286. state
of affairs at court at that
tilne, 260. the persons then
composing the conlmittee of
state, 263. the king allows the
mm.quis of Hamilton to in-
gratiate himself with the
Scotch covenanters, 270-272.
he declares his intention to the
great council of calling a par-
liament, 273. reflections on
this measure, 284, 285. the
Scots petition the king, 274. a
treaty appointed at Rippon in
consequence, ib. error in this
point, 288. the commissioners,
ib. their proceedings, 275. ad-

INDEX

vised by the earl of Strafford to
prosecute the war, 280. ad-
journs the treaty to London,
whither he returns, 289. the
error of this step, 29 J. a want
of union among the king's
friends, 293. the parliament
meets, Novenlber 3, 16 4 0 .
295. the king prevented frOIn
nlaking sir J. Gardiner speaker
of the house of commons
not
being able to procure him a
seat in the house, 296. his ill
choice of Lenthal, 297. he al-
lows the privy-counsellors to
be examined as to the earl of
Strafford's conduct at their
board, 339. the irreparable evil
of this concession, ib. allows
several of the popular party to
be sworn as privy cou.nsellors,
341. the ill consequences, 345.
great license in preaching and
printing, 348, 355. the king
appoints several of the puritan-
ical party to office, in hopes of
saving the earl of Strafford,
3 6 9, 372. his friends and par-
ty dispirited, 369. present at
the earl of Strafford's trial,
382. willing to have hinl im-
prisoned for life, or banished,
but declares he could not give
his assent to an act of parlia-
ment impeaching him of trea-
son, 423. correspondence be-
tween the court and son1e offi-
cers in the army, 428, 438,
464. 'Varburton's conlment,
w. i. 436. copy of the petition
to the king intended to be sub-
scribed by the officers, i. 430. bv
the advice of lord Say the king
declares before parlianIcn t that
he could not sign the bill con-
demning the earl of Strafford of
treason, though dissuaded from
the step by the earl, 447, 448.
how resented by the commons,

448. the mob endeavour to in-
tinlidate the king, 450. advised
by his council to give his con-
sent to the bill, ib. archbishop
'Villiams's ignominious advice
on the subject, 45 I. the earl
advises him to pass it, 452.
signs it by commission, ib. how
perhaps he had better have
acted, 453. signs the bill giving
up to parliament the power of
dissolving itself, 456. \Varbur-
ton thinks he should have
risked any thing rather than
have signed it, IV. in loco its
effects on the conlmons, i. 475.
the king takes the staff of lord
chanlberlain from the earl of
Pembroke, 460. and gives it to
the earl of Essex, 461. his
princely and fatherly affection
for his people, 504. petitioned
by parliament to defer his
pronlised visit into Scotland,
485, begins his journey not-
withstanding, 489. arrives at
York, ii. 14. why anxious to go
to Scotland, i. 490. prevailed
on by parliament not to allow
any of the disbanded Irish
army to enlist in the service of
foreign powers, 492. attended
into Scotland by a committee
of both houses of parliament,
494. ii. 14. expects no farther
trouble from Scotland, ii. 581.
the Irish rebellion disadvanta-
geous to his affairs, 19. he re-
fers it to the considercttion of
parliament, 22, 583. charged
by some of having fonlented
it, 23, 584. viii. 12-14. 'Var-
burton's cOlnment, IV. ii. 23.
he fills up several vacant bi-
shoprics, to the indignation of
the house 'of comlnon
, ii. 25.
why weary of his visit to Scot-
Jand, 35. the duke of Lcno

his only counsellor there, ib.
s 4

I N D E X.

he passe.:i all the acts present
d
to him, 37. and confers several
great offices, lb. returns to
England, ib. his concessions in
Scotland embolden the disaf-
fected in England, 39. a remon-
strance against him carried in
the commons, 40-43, 61, n.
substance of it, 49- the ways by
which the puritanical party
grew in the commons, 57. the
king had no serrant of ability
in the house, 59. his reception
in London upon his return
from Scotland, 62, 63. the re-
monstrance presented to hiIl1
with a petition, 63. his answer
to the petition, 65. he resides
at \Yhitehall instead of I-Iamp-
1.on Court, petitioned thereto
by the corporation of London,
67, 596. his right of pr
ssing
abrogated by
n act of parlia-
ment, 69-73. his interference
whilst any bill was pending de-
clar
d to be a breach of privi-
lege, 71. the power of the mi-
litia declared bv .st. John not
to be in the king, 77. his ap.
poiutment of a lieutenant of
the Tower ill-judged, 80, 123.
his answer to the petition of the
commons for a guard, 85. he
appoints lord Falkland secre-
tary of state, 93. and sir J.
Colepepper chancellor of the
exchequer, ib. reasons for l\Ir.
Hyde's declining his offer of a
place, 97. the king's professions
to be guided bv these three
with regard to. the hOllse of
commons, 98. confided lnnch
in lord Digby, 99. why an un-
fit counsellor for him, 102. un-
fortunately sends the bishops'
protestation respecting their
constrained absence ii'om par-
liament to the honse of lords,
I 14. 1 r 7. the consequent vio-

lent proceedings of the com-
mons would ha\7e been bene-
ficial to him, had he not been
luisadrised by lord Digby,
121,122. his situation at this
period,602. many of his coun-
cil adverse to him, 603. injudi-
ciously ha:ð lord Kimbolton and
five members of the commons
accused of treason, 124. ad-
vised thereto by lord Digby,
129. the articles against them,
I
4. the commons refuse to
give up their accused memhers,
126. the king demands them
in person, ib. goes after them
into the city, ,where they had
taken refuge, 130. his indif-
ferent reception, 131. the con-
seqnent proceedings of the
lords and commons, 132-140.
the king distressed at his im-
prudent steps, 133. and at not
having consulted lord Falk-
land, sir J. Colepepper, and
1\11'. Hyde, ib. his going to the
house of commons voted by
them to be the highest breach
of privilege, 137,138. his an-
swer to the house of commons'
former remonstrance, 1 40. d
-
claration of his attachment to
the church of England, 141.
the city's petition to him, J 4 6 .
his answer, 148. declaration of
the commons touching the five
Illenlbers, and the king's lllea-
sures respecting them, 156.
sad consequence of the king's
imprudent measures, 159. 18 3.
which were imputed to lord
Digby, 162. the king and the
royal family remove to Hamp-
ton Court for security, 162.
neither the earl of Es;ex nor
the earl of I-Iolland attend
them, though it was the duty
of their offices, 163 _ the BllCk-
inghamshire petition io him,

I N D E X.

169. in consequence of severa.l
nlOr
of the sanIe nature he
removes to 'Vindsor for great-
er security, 176. his message
to both houses of parliament
fronl thence, ib. unnoticed
by them, 178. his intention to
secure the magazines and stores
at Hull, prevented by the com-
mons, who appoint sir J. Ho-
tham governor, 180, (8 I. his
forlorn condition, 182. what
line of conduct he should have
pursued, ib. a new remon-
strance prepared against him,
I 85. his proposition and mes-
sage to both houses, 191. both
houses petition him about the
five accused members, 192. his
ans\ver, ib. the commons pe-
tition him to intrust the Tower
of London and other forts to
persons recommended by them,
198. his answer, 200. both
houses petition him toueh
ng
the Tower of London, forts,
and militia, 228. his intentions
of removing further from Lon-
don, 230. the queen obliged to
sell her plate to supply his and
her wants, 233. his answer to
the parliament's petition as to
the militia, 234. makes sir.J.
Coniers lieutenant of the Tower
at their request, 236. a
per-
sions cast on him anò the
queen, ib. he demands repara-
tion for an cxpression in the
printed speech of l\Ir. Pym,
238. the answer of the house
of commons, 239. his reply,
240. they persist in defending
the expression, 242. he ap-
points the marquis of lIertford
governor of the pri nee of 'Vales
upon the earl of Newcastle's
resignation, 244. reasons sug-
gegtcd to him for passing the
hill depriving the bishops of

their seats in the house of
lords, 246, 247. he signs it,
chiefly at the persuasion of the
queen, 164 I. 248. ill effects of
this step on his cause, 250.
what reservation he may have
intended in assenting to. some
of the bills, 252. if so, why er-
roneous, ib. his answer respect-
ing the militia, 259. the reply
of the commons, ib. the com-
mons endeavour to pre\'ent
the prince's nleeting him at
Greenwich according to his
order, 262. upon what pre-
tended reason, 263. his farther
answer concerning the Inilitia,
264. votes of both houses upon
it, 268. and petition to him,
269. his answer, 271. reso-
lutions of both houses upon it,
272. an intention of parlia-
ment to take the prince away
from him by force, 273. their
declaration to the king, 274. and
their reasons for his continu-
ance near the parliament, 286.
his answer to both, 287. his
message to both houses in his
way to 1'" ork, 290. he consents
to the parliament's propositions
for ad\'enturers in Ireland, 297.
bishop \V arbl1rton' s observa-
tions on his after-conduct with
respect to Ireland. TV. ii. 299,
307. his reception at York,
3 0 J, 327. his declaration from
York, 302. ohservations on it,
3 I I. petition of the lords and
commons to him, l\Iarch 26,
16 4 2 . 3 14. his answer, 318.
its effeet on the commons

325. agreeably to his promise
to the queen he remo\'es the
earls of Essex and I-Iolland
from their posts about him,
331. the removal of lord EsseA
one chief cause of his future
miseries, 330,610,61 I. who-

I N D E X.

ever accepted their offices voted
enemies to their country by the
parliament, 333. the commons
, disposed to have an admiral of
the fleet appointed without ap-
plying to the king, 334. he
interferes, ib. a message to him
from both houses upon the
matter, 335. his answer, ib.
the earl of Warwiek appointed
notwithstanding, 337. the king
not willing that any officers
whom he valued should serve
under him, 340. unfortunate
result, ib. petition of parlia-
nlent to remove the magazine
fronl Hull, 350. his answer,
351. the n
agazine removed
notwithstanding, 356. his nles-
sage to both houses, April 8,
1642, offering to go in person
to Ireland, ib. their answer,
360. his reply, 365. observa-
tions on this design, 373. his
nlessage to both houses con-
cerning hi
refusal to pass the
bill for the n1ilitia, April 28.
375. gentlenlen of Yorkshire
favourably disposed towards
him, 382. particulars of his
design of securing Hull, frus-
trated by sir John Hothanl,
382-6, 608. his messages to
both houses concerning Hull,
386, 387. his answer to their
declaration and votes, 389.
their answer to his two mes-
sages, 398. his reply, 400. his
declaration in answer to that
which the parliament had cir-
culated respecting the militia,
without sending it to him,
4 0 9. provides against the ap-
proaching storm, 425. the
three votes of parliament in
consequence of his appointing
a guard for the defence of his
person, 43 o. their petition to
him to dissol ve his guards,

43 1 . his answer,432. obser-
vations on this declaration, and
vote that the king intended
war against the parliament,
437. the king summons Skip-
pon to repair to York, 44 6 .
forbidden by parliament to at-
tend, ib. orders the term to be
adjourned to York from West-
minster, ib. counterordered hy
parlianlent, ib. declaration of
both houses of what had been
done amiss throughout the
whole of his reign, May 19,
448. the lord keeper Littleton
deserts the parliament, and
joins the king at York with the
great seal, 487. the king had
been dissuaded through 1\11'.
Hyde from taking it from him,
500. a fresh remonstranee of
both houses to him, 1\1ay 26.
504. many n1embers of both
houses join the king at York
in consequence of it, 538. his
answer to their declaration,
ib. and to their remonstrance,
iii. I. the nineteen propositions
sent to him by both houses,
38. his answer to them, 48.
observations on ,his not put-
ting himself in a posture of
safety, 64. his declaration to
the lords attending him at
York, June 13, 69. the pro-
mise of the lords thereupon,
70. his declaration and profes-
sion, disavowing any intention
of war, June 15. ib. another of
the lords and counseJIors pre-
sent with him, 7 I. his declara-
tion thereupon, 72. explana-
tion ,vhy those nlembers of
both hou.ses, who were favour-
able to the king, absented
themselves from parliament,
instead of remaining to oppose
the measures of the opposite
party, 81-89. he issues com-

I N D E X.

nnSSIODS of array, 9 0 , 57 2.
published a declaration con-
cerning the militia, and as-
serted his right of the crown
to grant commissions of array,
90. declared illegal by parlia-
ment, 573. the parliament's
petition to him in favour of
the Yorkshire petition, which
he had refused, 575. his an-
swer, 578. the parliament's de-
claration to_ the city upon the
king's letter to the lord mayor
and aldermen, 93. his reply,
94. why he could not earlier
have recourse to arms, 101.
the difficulty the queen had to
procure arms and ammunition
in Holland, as the States were
in favour of the parliament,
102. the small ship Providence
brings arms and ammunition,
the parlianlent not succeeding
in intercepting it, 98, 1l.. 103.
the king grants commissions to
raise troops, 105. appoints the
earl of Lindsey general of his
army, 105. three months' pay
for his horse-troops subscribed
by the lords and council about
him, ib. account of his attempt
to secure the fleet, and to re-
voke the earl of Northumber-
land's command, 106,587. the
carl of \Varwick appointed by
parliament in the place of the
earl of Northmuberland, I 13,
588. some unfortunate circum-
stanees conneeted wit.h the
king's loss of the navy, 115.
lord Digby's return to Eng-
land in disguise hastened the
war, 591. the king anticipates
the parliament in the seizure
of Newcastle, I 19. sends per-
sons into several counties to
execute the commission of ar-
ray, ib. his proclamation frou\
]
everley, 120. goes to Ne-

wark, 122. thence to Lincoln,
ib. and then back to Beverley,
ib. the parliament's petition to
him there, July J 5, 124. his
answer, 127. his refusal to re-
turn a n10re gentle reply, 141.
he goes to Doncaster, 145.
thence to Nottingham, ib. and
so to Leicester, where he is fa-
vourably received, ib. proofs
that if he were more loved,
the parliament was 11lore fear-
ed, ib. he returns towards
Hull, 149. the parliament's
replication to his answer, 150.
each party lay aside all thoughts
of further overtures, 15 I. hi

preparations for war, 157. his
pecuniary distress, ib. state and
feelings of his own party, 158.
hiE fruitless design against
Hull, being encouraged by sir
J. Hotham to attempt it, 169.
for which purpose he had gone
to Beverley, ib. he returns to
York, '72. colonel Goring, go-
vernor of Portsmouth, declares
for him, which obliges hin1 to
enter upon the war, 172, 606.
his first measures, 6 10. obser-
vations on his proclamation
forbidding the papists to join
his anny, ib. notice of his de-
claration to the people, 6 13.
observations on his setting up
his standard at Nottingham
instead of York, 182. unfortu-
nately dissuaded from seizing
lord }'airfilx and sir 1'. Fair-
fax, 186. he goes to Notting-
ham, 187, 188. marches to
Coventry, 187, n. J88. which
is shut against him
187, n.
189. his standard ereeted at
Nottingham, August 25, 189,
n. 190. loses Portsmouth again
through colonel Goring's neg-
lect, 19 I, 11.. 195, 224. his con-
dition at Nottingham, 193. the

I N D E X.

nlarquis of Hertford's actions
in Somersetshire, 196. consul-
tation about sending a message
for peace to parliament, 203,
62 I. the king at :first averse,
205, 62 I. the message, 207.
how received, 208. the answer,
21 I. advised by some to repair
to parliament himself, 2 I 2. hi

second message, ib. the an-
swer, 214, and the parliament's
declaration to the kingdom,
215. adv::tntageous to tbe king,
2 16, 245- he removes to Der-
by, 217, 219. his third mes-
8(1ge to parliament in answer
to their last reply, 218. his
speech and protestation at the
head of his forces after the
reading of his orders of war,
220. he goes to Shrewsbury,
222, 253. the marquis of
Hertford's proceedings in the
west, 225. prince RUl1ert suc-
cessful in a skirmish at \V or-
cester, 235, 625. the king
being at Chester, whence he
returns to Shrewsbury, 252,
253, 626. of what advantage
this skirmish was to him, 236.
the petition of parliament to
the king, sent to their general
to be presented, 240, 626.
why never delivered, 262. the
two uni\Tcrsitiescontribute their
money and plate to him, 245,
24 6 , 3] 7, 35 0 . the backward-
ness of some of his friends in
lending hinl money one cause
of his mi
fortunes, 2.; I. an ex-
pedient for raisïng mone)' from
the Roman catholics, 255.
some nloney obtained by the
grant of a baronage, rather
against the king's will, 256,
257. substance of his speecheo;
to the gentry and commonalt

of tbe counties through which
he p::tssed,
60. his clcmeonom.

wins manvothers to him, 26 I.
strength
f his army at Shrews-
bury, 263. its great want of
arms, 265. he marches towards
London, 267. faction begun
in his army owing to prince
Rupert, 269, 270. who was
too much listened to by the
king, 270. particulars of the
battle of Keinton or Edge-hill,
273, 63 0 . he appoints general
R uthen general of his army in
the room of the earl uf Lind-
sey, who fell there, 296. Han-
bury castle surrenders to the
king, ib. h:s favourable recep-
tion at Oxford, 298, 3 Ii, n.
where he recruits his army, 3] 7.
the condition and inclinations
of Scctland, 308. why he
should not have pl'oceeded on-
ward to London, 3 I 8, 3 19, n.
the parliament's garrison quit-
ting Reading, he marches thi-
ther, 3] 8. ad\"ances to Cole-
brook, 323. a petition from
both houses to him, ib. his an..
swer, 324, his advance to
Brentford, whcre he beats the
eneluy, sets aside the peace-
able intentions of parliament,
328, 333, &c. the earl of Es-
sex.s army and the city trained
bands opposed against him,
329. he draws off to l\:ingston,
330. thence to Reading, 33 I.
his message to parliament 9 ib.
another petition to hi m from
parliament, Kovember 24,336.
substance of his answer, ib.
having garri

oned Heading and
lVallingford, and some other
placcs, he marches to (>xford,
339. 1\larlborongh taken by
his forces, 34 1 , 342. substance
of his message to the privy-
council of Scotland upon oc-
casion of the parliament's de-
daration to that kingdom, 344.

I :s 1) E X.

hi
mean
to raise money, 349.
makes new sheriffs, 35 I. the
inclinations of foreign states
towards him or the parliament,
35 8 . his deelaration upon oc-
casion of the parliamellt's or-
dinanee for raising money,
:-174. the petition of the city of
London to him to return to
the parliament, 386. his an-
swer, 390. expedients of the
parliament to prevenfits effect,
396. the city declares for the
parlian1ent, 400. the piulia-
ment's humble desires and pro-
positions of peace to the king,
.January 1642. 403. h
s an-
swer, 4 T I . Chiche
.ter po
-
sessed by his forces, ..p 5. lost
again, 416. Cirencestei o taken
by prince Rupert, 417. state
of the king's aiÌàirs in Corn-
wall, 4 I 8---=435. his forces vic-
torious at Bradock-down, 428.
and take Salta!olh, 430. come
to Ta\"istock, 432. snpplied
with ammunition by captain
Carteret, 433. a treaty between
the two parties in Deron and
Cornwall, 434. state of the
k i ng's aflili rs in 'Y orkshire,
435-444. articles of neutra-
lity agreed on there, 437. but
disowned by parliament, 438.
sir I-Iugh Cholmondley revolts,
and delivers up
cal'borough
castle to the queen, 446. state
of the king's affairs in Lanca-
shire, Cheshire, and Shrop-
shire, 447-45 I. difference of
temper in the common people
who :5upported his causc, and
!õ\uch as were for the parlia-
ment, 45 '2. state of his aftàirs
in the counties between Ox-
ford and York, 452-461.
Statford garrisoned by some

entlemen for the king, 456.
hi
forces victorious on l-Iop-

ton-heath, but with the loss of
the earl of Northampton, 45 8 .
state of bi
afiàirs in ",. ales,
461-468. observations on his
appointing lord Herbert, a 110-
man eatholie, general of Sonth
'Vales, 462-464. W. in iDe.
who is routed by sir 'V. ''''al-
ler, iii. 467. of what advantage
the money expended in 'Vales
would have been to the king
at Oxford, ih. state of Ireland
with reference to the differ-
ences between the king and
parliament, 469 - 483. the
king had information every
day of what pa-ìsed in parlia-
ment, 483. he puts parlia-
ment in mind of h
s proposi-
tion for a ees:,ation of arms,
484. both honses agree there
should. be a treatv, and send
for a safe conduct: 485. which
he grants to all they name but
lord Say, 486. the parliament'::i
terms for a cessation, 487. dif-
ferent opinions of hi8 privy-
council as to his aceeptin<r
them, 490. his proposals (
.
alterations in them, 495. peti-
tion to him from the general
assembly of the kirk of Scot-
land, 499. his answer, 509.
transactions of t he Scotch com-
missioners with him, that they
might be mediators, and for

parliament in Scotland, Cj 21.
his answer to them in both
p
l.rticülars. 523. the treaty be-
gins upon the proposals of ces-
sation, but takes no effect,
5
8. what advantage the hing
might have (krÏ\"cd from an
ass
nt to these proposals, 534.
the parliament's advice to him
c
uccrning gaol-dcli,Tery, 535.
Ius answer, 536. the assize

forbidùen by an ordinance of
parliament, w ib . an account and

I N D E X.

charaeter of the privy-counsel-
)ors at this tÏ111e attending the
king, and those who stayed
with the two houses, 53 8 -
55 I. 'Il. the sum of the de-
luands and concessions of both
sides upon the first article of
the treaty, iv. I. his nlessage to
parliament, April 12, 1643. 14.
Warburton considers this the
Inost unguarded step he eVer
took, 117. iv. 17. they return no
answer, i,y. 17. what effect his ap-
pointment of the earl of North-
umberland to be lord high ad-
llliral might 11ave produeed, 18,
19. prince Rupert takes Bronli-
chaIn, 32. and Litchfield, 35.
the king unsuccessful in at-
tempting to relieve Reading,
36. articles upon whieh it sur-
rendered, 38. the breaeh of
thenl gave rise to sinlilar
breaches in future by both
sides,39. the king's pròclama-
tion against one clause of the
articles, 43, argmnents for and
against an attack of Oxford
instead of Reading, 39, 49, n.
the evils that arose to the
king fronl the trial of colonel
Fielding for his conduet at
Reading, 47. the probable re-
sult, had the earl of Essex
Inarehed to Oxford ilnnledi-
ately upon taking Reading,
4 8 . the king's Inessage to par-
limnent, l\Iay 20, 53. his mes-
senger committed by the COI11-
1110ns, 55. and the queen im-
peached by theln of high trea-
son for as
isting him in the
war, 5ó. the design of 1\1'r.
'VaIler and others in favour
of the king, 57-7 1 , 76,599.
the vow and covenant taken
by parlimnent in consequence,
7 I, 72, 600. and throughout
the city and army, 74.
kirmish

in Chalgrave field tàtal to Mr.
Hambden, 83, 90. state of the
king's affairs in the west, 95.
his forces victorions near Strat-
ton, 99, 100. a troop of cui-
rassiers the first that success-
fully opposed the king's horse,
120. the battle of Lansdown
in his favour, 122-124,605.
and that on Roul1dway-down,
134, 608. meets the queen
near Keinton, she conling with
a great recruit, 139. Bristol
taken by prince Rupert, 141
-147, 61 I. why the king
could make no farther appli-
cation to parliament, J 55. his
declaration to his subjects after
his late successes, 156. jealou-
sies among his oLTIcers respeet-
ing the government of Bristol,
163. goes there to compose
them, 166. reasons against
uniting both his armies, 169.
prince l\iauriee sent into the
west with an army, 1 ï I. rea-
sons for and against the siege
of Gloucester, J 74. the king
Inarches there, and summons
it, 177. besieges it, 181. pro-
positions for peace given by
the house of lords to the house
of commons, 183. reasons for
and against them, I 84, ] 85.
assented to by the comnlons,
186. if sent td the king, would
have produced peace, ib. preach-
ed against in London, ib. the
common council petition a-
gainst peace, 187. the propo-
sitions rejected by the com-
rnOllS in consequence, 188.
certain counties associated to
serve the parliament, 196. de-
bates how the earls of Bed-
ford and I-Iolland, and some
other lords, who had withdrawn
fronl parliament, should be re-
ceived at Oxford, 193, 197. the

I N D E X.

king comes to Oxford to COll-
suIt about it, 200. his af-
fairs in the west, 2 [I. 'Vey-
ulOuth and Portsnlouth sl{r-
rendered to his forces, 2 13.
the parliamentary forces routed
at Torrington, 218. Barnsta-
ble and Bediford yielded to
prince l\Iaurice, 219. Exeter
surrenders to him, ib. the king
is with difficulty persuaded to
make sir A. A. Cooper gover-
nor of'Vepllouth, 225. prose-
cution of the siege of Glou-
cester, ib. the siege raised by
the earl of Essex, 230. who
also takes Cirencester, 23 I.
negligent security a pre\'ailing
fault in the king's troops, ib.
he intercepts the earl of Es-
sex's return to London, by
reaching Newbury first, 234.
imprudent in risking a battle,
'235. which wa
not decisive
on either side, 236. had sir
'V. '\T aller cooperated with
the earl of Essex it would have
been decisive against the king,
238. temper of the army and
court at Oxford upon the
king's return, 259, 617. the
lords who had deserted the
parliament, and joined the
king, return to the parlialnent,
27 0 , 27 I. observations respect-
ing the siege of Gloucester,
and as to what l11ight have
been the best plan of opera-
tions, 6 I 7. di visions anlongst
the councils at Oxford, 299.
the king obliged to break ]lis
resolution of conferril1
no ho-
nour or office until the end of
the war, 300. inconveniences
that arose to himself frOtn his
aftilbility, 309. Bedford taken
by prince H.l1pert, 3 14. K ew-
port Pannel possessed by the
parliament forccs, 3 I.S. the

king's affairs in the west, ib.
particulars of the failure a-
gainst Plymouth, 316-323.
Dartlnol1th tak
n by prince
l\Iaurice, 322. fruitless effort
of the French mnbassador,
the conte d'Harcourt, to ne-
gotiate a peace between the
king and parlialnent, 325-
3 29. observations upon this pro-
ceeding, 329. the king's unfa-
vourable reception of those who
had deserted the parliament
hurtful to his cause, 334. a
letter from the peers on his
side to the council in Scot-
land, 348, 630. the mem-
bers who had left the parlia-
luent at 'Vestminster smn-
nloned to repair to Oxf(
rd,
35 1 -353, 633. the king's in-
tentions with regard to Ire-
land, 354. address of the lords
justices and council of Ireland
to him
on the miserable con-
dition of his army there, 358.
who are obliged to treat with
the rebels, 362, 363. a cessa-
tion of arms for a veal' in Ire-
land concluded, 364.. disowned
by parliatnent, ib. the king
sends for English troops from
Ireland, 394. reasons for and
against his prohibiting trade
with London, 635. which is
prohibited, 638. the members
of both houses meet at Ox-
ford
397. substance of the
king's speech to them, 39
L
their considerations respecting
a peace, ib. their letter to the.'
earl of Essex, 400. the earl of
Essex's answer, 403. an ex-
tract of the declaration of the
kingdom of Scotland, 40..... au
extract of the dedaration of
England and Scotla.nd, 407.
the king's n1Cssage to bot h
houses, 1\lar('h 3, J643. 4 12 .

I N D
: X.

their answer, 4 13. 'V arburton' s
observations on both, Jr. ill
loco means agreed upon by the
parliament 'at Oxford to raise
money, i ,.. 4 T 6_ the parlimnent
at 'Vestminster imposes an ex-
cise, 418. that at Oxford fol-
lows the eXaIl1ple, ib. substance
of the declaration of the par-
liament at Oxford, 419, co-
lonel Bellasis defeated at Selby
by sir T. Fairfax, 42 2. the earl
of Newcastle in consequence
etires to York, ib. dIe mar-
quis of Ormond sends the
king aid from Ireland, 423, 11.
\vhich nnder lord Byron is
captured at Nantwich. by sir
'f. Fairfax, 424,' 11. 429. the
earl ofl\Iountrose comes to the
king and inforn1s him of the
state of Scotland, 43 I. bad
state of his at1airs, 442. prince
}{upert reEeves Newark, 443.
Arundel castle taken bv lord
Hopton, 453. retaken -by sir
'v. 'Valler, 45ï. lord IIopton
worsted at Alresford by sir
'V. 'Vaner, 460, 426, 11. the
association of set:eral counties
formed under the earl of ßlan-
chester, 464. who is ordered
to join the Scots in the north,
465, the queen retires from
Oxford to Exeter, 466. the
parliament at Oxford pro-
rogued from April till October,
468. the king undecided as to
his plan of operations, 469-
whom he ('hieftv consulted on
Inilitary affairs, "'47 I _ Reading
quitted by his forces, 474.
plans of the parliamentary ar-
mies again
t him, 475. Abing-
don quitted by his forces, 480.
his deplorable eondition at
this time, 48 I. he is advised
to surrender himseJf to the
earl of Essex, {R4. escapes

from Oxford to \Y orcester,
485-487. thence proceed
to
Bewdley, 490. pursued by sir
'\T. 'Valler, 489. who advances
beyond him towards Shrews-
bury, 49 I. whereupon the king
returns to O:\ford, 491-493.
'Veymouth deli,'ered to the
earl of Essex, 497. Lyme re-
lieved by him, ib. the king
marches fron1 'Vitney towards
Buckingham, -ib. is
dvised by
lord 'Vilmot to march towards
London, 498. fight at Crop-
redy bridge, against sir ,V.
\YalJer, fa,'ourable to the king,
500. marches towards the west,
as the earl of Essex was be-
fore Exeter, where the queen
then was, 507, 508. prince
Uupert defeated at I\l arston-
moor, 509. and quits the north
in consequence, 5 TO. the earl
of N'ewcastle goes. abroad also
in consequence, ib. observa-
tions on this defeat, 5 I 1, York
delivered up in c<;msequence
to the parliament forces, 5] 3-
the king continues his march
towards t
Je earl of E
sex, 5 22 .
the queen retires to :France,
ib, the king pursues lord Essex
into Cornwall, 525. makes an
overture to him, which is not
attended to, 530, n. 533. the
enemv's horse escape his, the
foot
urrender on terms, 53 I,
ft. 545, 547. obsen'ations on
the king's acceptance of these
terms, 560. affairs at Oxford
during the I..ing's absence, 549.
the king scnds a message of
peace to parliament, which was
not noticed, 56 I. he leaves sir
R. Greenvil to block up Ply-
mouth, .s62. goes to Exeter',
57 I. proyirles for the blocking
up of Lyme, and restraining
the garrison of Taunton, 573.

I N D E X.

lnarches to Chard, ib. thence to
Sherborne, 575. thence to Sa-
lisbury, ib. defeats 'Valler at
Andover, 577. relieves Don-
nington castle, 579. Banbury
castle relieved by the earl of
Northampton, 580. colonel
U rry deserts the king, and
discovers his plans, 581. the
second battle of Newbury,
582. frOln which the king
hastens to Oxford, 587. and
from thence relieves Donning-
ton castle again, 59 I. returns
to Oxford, 594. Newcastle
taken by the Scots, 596. the
temper of the army and court
at this time, V.I. propositions
of peace fronl Ireland rejected
by the king, 5. the council
appointed by hinl to attend
the prince of 'Vales into the
west, 1 T. divisions in the par-
liament at \Vestnlinster, 12.
the independent party against
peace, 18. the self-denying or-
dinance proposed, 21. passes,
90. fresh overtures of peace,
25. the duke of Richmond
and the earl of Southaillpton
sent to London with a Ines-
sage for a treaty, 28. the king
sends archbisnop Laud a par-
don under the great seal, 33.
declared by parliament to be
of no ét1èct, 35. the parlia-
luent agree to a treaty at Ux-
bridge, 36. the names of their
('ommissioner
, 36. and the
king's, 37. particulars respect-
ing it, 40, first, of religion,
45. se
ondlv, of the lnilitia,
60, 77. thirdly, of Ireland,
61. the king's commissioners
had the better of the argu-
ment, according to ''''arbllr-
ton, W. v.66. 'Veymouth sur-
prised by the king's party, v. 67.
hut lost again, 82. Shrewsbury
VOl... YIlT.

surprised by the parliament
forces, 67. the end of the
treatv at Uxbridge without ef-
fect,.80. the king melancholy
at the state of his affairs, 82.
a
sociation in the west in fa-
vour of peace, 84. the prince
of 'Vales made general of the
king's forces, and of this asso-
ciation, 87. N ewcastìe taken
ùy the Scots, 91. the earl of
l\Iollntrose's expedition into
Scotland, ib. the prince of
'" ales removes to Bristol,
1 T...., 123, 137, n. 14T. reasons
why, 123, 134, 136, n. why
the court had better have
been removed into the west,
114. the marquis of Argyle
inveterate against the king,
130. state of the western
counties when the prince of
\Vales caIne to Bristol, 135.
the prince summons the com-
missioners of the associated
western counties to Bridge-
\\rater, 151. resolutions taken
at Oxford, 170. :E\'esham taken
after the king's departure, 174.
the king takes Hawkesly-house,
ib. storms and takes Leicester,
175. marches baek towards
Oxford, hearing that .Fairt
n:
had set down before it, 179.
is defeated at Naseby. 183.
the king's troops throughout
the war undisciplined in ral-
lying, 185. the king's cabinet
falls into the enemy's hands,
186. manv of his letters after-
wards ga
bled and published
to his prejudice, ib. the king
retires by Litchfield to Bewd-
ley, and thence to Hereford,
187. prince Rupert to Bristol,
ib. the king should have re-
tired into tL1e west, 187, 222.
the affairs in that quarter in
the mean t!lne, 187. notice
'].

I N D E X.

of the club-nlen in SOlllerset
and Dorsetshire, 197. the king
goes to Abergaveny, thence to
Ragland-castle, 221. thence to
Chepstow and Cardiff, having
altered his intention of going
to Bristol, 222, 223. Leicester
retaken by sir T. Fairfax, 222.
Bridgewater taken by him,
223. false expectations of
peace prevalent, 224. the
king's letter to prince Rupert
against treating of peace at
that time, 225. he renloves to
Ludlow with the intention of
joining the marquis of l\ioun-
trose in Scotland, Wl10 had
been greatly victorious there,
230. his letter to the prince
of 'Vales, ordering hil11 to re-
tire into France, whenever he
might be in danger of falling
into the rebels' hands, 23 I.
France objected to by the
prince's council, 235, 236. the
king's answer persisting in
France, 258. a design to pe-
tition the prince to send con-
ditions of peace prevented,
2....0. prince H.upert delivers up
Bristol, 244. Pontefract castle
surrendered to the enemy, 246.
tIle king goes to Doncaster,
247. thence to Newark, alarnl-
ed at the approach of Lesley,
248. thence to Oxford, 249.
thence to Ragland, in order to
relieve Hereford, ib. the Scots
rise from before Hereford,
whither the king marched, ió.
the nlarquls of Mountrose de-
feated by Lesley, 248. the
king's intention of relieving
Bristol, 250. his letter to
prince Rupert upon his sur-
render of that place, 252. re-
yokes his cOlumission, 253.
through lord Digby's influence,
287. his letter to prince Charles,

reconlmending him to with-
draw to Denmark, 276. an-
other cOlnlnanding him to re-
tire abroad, and preferably to
Denulark, 277. reasons against
his inllnediate departure, 278.
which his council decide a-
gainst, 280. approved of by
the king, 3 I 7 . lord \V entworth' s
horse beaten at Ashburton,
281. the king lnarches to Ches-
ter, where his horse are routed
by Pointz, 283. the king re-
tires to Denbigh, 285. thence
to Bridgenorth, 287. unfortu-
nately persuaded by lord Digby
to go to Newark instead of
\V orcester, 288. state of the
garrison there, ib. lord Digby
appointed general, and sent to
join the earl of l\lountrose,
292. his defeat at Sherborne
after some previous success,
293. his cabinet of papers
taken, and sonle afterwards
published, ib. lord Digby re-
tires to Ireland, 294. an ac-
count of the discontents of
sonle of the king's chief conl-
manders, 295. he retreats to
Oxford, 302. his affairs in the
,vest ahout this time, 303. lord
Hopton's forces routed at Tor-
rington by sir T. Fairfax, 314.
prince Charles retires to Scilly,
320. lord Hopton's army dis-
solved, 322. the king's trans-
actions at Oxford, 335. CrOln-
well takes \Vinchester and
Basing, 337. the king sends
SOUle messages for peace, which
were not noticed by parlia-
ment, 338. sends again for a
safe conrlnet for the duke of
Richmond and others, 339.
their answer, i.b. sends to de-
sire a personal treaty at 'Vest-
minster, 340. their answer, ib.
he sends again, 34 I. their or-

INDEX.

dinance thereupon, 342. he
tries in vain to deal with the
independents, 342 - 345. a
treaty between the king and
the Scots set on .foot by the
interposition of France, 345.
the parties cannot agree on
the point of church-govern-
luent, 353, 354. the defeat of
lord Astley's forces, 355. the
king's letter to prince Charles,
enjoining hinl never to yield to
any dishonourable conditions,
not even to save his (the
king' 8) life, 36 I. the prince
renloves to Jersey, 362. a let-
ter from the king to him, ex-
hurting hÏ1n to continue firm,
365. negociations for and a-
gainst the prince's removal
into }"rance, 363-376. a fur-
ther account of l\Iontrevil's ne-
gociation with the Scots, 383.
the paper he sent to the king,
being a promise for the Scots
receiving him, 387. sends an-
other messenger to prevent
the king's journey, who is in-
tercepted, 388. the king, hav-
in
no better resource, puts
himself under the protection
of the Scotch army at New-
ark, 393, 394. his treatment
by them, 395. orders Newark
to be surrendered to them,
that they might march north-
wards, 396. prince Charles re-
mo\res to France, 404. trans-
actions relating to the king in
the Scotch army, 407. he is pre-
vailed npon to order the mar-
quis of l\Iountrose to lay down
his arms, and to leave the
kingdom, 408. IIenùerson em-
ployed to dispute with him con-
cerning church-governulent,
'Varburton's observation on it,
11". ilì loco 409. the queen
sends sir \V. Davenant to per-

suade the' king to give up the.
church for peace nnd secnrity,
41 I. upon the Scots' desire he
orders the snrrender of Oxford
and all his other garrisons,
4 I 6. the parlianlent, upon the
Scots' request, send proposi-
tions of peace to him, 4 J 7.
his answer, 4 18. the Scots en-
force these propositions, ib.
his ans\ver to them, 4 I 9- the
parliament delnand, and the
Scots deliver up the king for
money, 419,42 I. a committee
and servants appointed by par-
liament to attend him, 42 I.
he is brought to IIohllby, 422.
his request for the attend'1nce
of any two of his own chap-
lains refused, 423. se\'eral gar-
risons surrendered to parlia-
ment, ib. differences arise be-
tween the parlianlent aud ar-
my, 428. (see Army,) the al.m

seize upon the king, 437- hi59
chaplains allowed him by the
army, 44" he ren.oves accord-
ing to the marches of the
army, 442. sir John Berkley
sent from the queen 'to him,
447. 1\11'. Ashburnham comes
to him, 448. the different de-
signs of the parliament and
army relating to him, 450.
he is allowed to see his chil-
dren, 454. removed to Ilamp-
ton Court, 462, 470. his con-
versation with his children,
47 I . lord Capel waits upon
him, 476. substance of his let-
ter to the chancellor of the
exchequer, ib. the luarql1is
of Ormond visits him, 478.
and the Scotch comlnissioners,
ib. the army begin to be less
regardful of him, 479, 484.
his hopes blasted by the vio-
lent proceedings, 48". 11l
jor
fluntington tells hiln that
T 2

I N D E X.

Cromwell would destroy him,
if not prevented, 485. he
escapes froIn Hampton Court,
488. confides hinlself to co-
lonel Hammond in the Isle of
\Vight, 490-492. is lodged
in Carisbrook castle, 492. ob-
servations on this whole busi-
ness,ib. the parlialllent send
to the king to pass four acts,
506. protested against by the
Scotch commissioners, 5 OJ .
his answer, ib. his old servants
renloved froln about him, to
pre,'ent his further escape, 509.
captain Burly's vain attempt
at his release, 5] I. how his
answer is received by parlia-
nlent, and Cromwell's speech
thereupon, 5 I 2. a vote and
declaration of parliament that
no more addresses should be
made to him, 513,515. odious
to the people in general, 5 I 8.
a meeting of Cromwell and
his officers, wherein they de-
sign his destruction, 5 14. the
Scotch commissioners' private
treaty with him, 529, 530. ob-
servations on it, 53 I. substance
of this scandalous treaty, 532.
the king's condition in the Isle
of \Vight, 552. the temper of
the nation at this time, vi. I.
re\Tolt of part of the fleet to
the king, 23. commotions in
Kent for him, 25, 56-59-
factions in the prince's fleet,
33, 63. Berwick and Carlisle
seized for the king, 5 I. deli-
vered up to parliament again,
90. the duke of Han1Ìlton and
the Scotch troops, who had
entered England on the king's
behalf, routed by CromwelJ,
75. the earl of Ilolland routed,
97. and Colchester, whither
the Kentish royalists had re-
tired, taken, 99. the parlia-

ment resolves on a personal
treaty with the king, 105.
substance of their message to
him, 106. his answer, 107. the
vote against making any nlore
addresses to him repealed, 109.
the treaty to be at Newport,
ib. an account of the taking of
Pontefract castle for the king,
1 10. delivered up to Lambert,
125. the king's altered appear-
ance, 1.5 j. the commis:!ioners
for the treaty arrive in the Isle
of \Vight, 152. the first pro-
position for revoking all the
king's declarations, &c. 159.
his answer, 160. disputes con-
cerning the preamble, 162. he
consents to it, 165. \Varbur-
ton's observations respecting
the preamble, W. in loco the
second proposition concerning
religion and the church, ib.
the king offers a proposition
of his own, which the commis-
sioners refuse to send to the
parliament, 166. he sends it
himself, 167. it is voted Ullsa-
tisfactorv, lb. their ministers
dispute "with the king about
the bishops, lb. his concessions
on this point, 170. the third
proposition concerning the mi-
]itia, I j]. his answer, 1 j 3.
voted by parliament unsatis-
factory, ib. he consents to it
with
t preamble, [j 4. at last
without it, ib. the fourth pro-
position concerning Ireland,
175. his answer, ib.- some fur-
ther particulars he at first re-
fuses, but at last consents to,
Ij6, Ij7. 'Varburton's obser-
\'ations thereupon, IV. in loe.
his proposition now sent to
parliament by the commission-
ers, 1 j 7, a declaration required
of him against t.he marquis of
Orn10nd, 178. his answer, ib.

I
D E X.

the treaty continued fourteen
days longer, ib. the demand
against Ormond renewed, 179.
his answer, ib. a further de-
mand about the church, ib. his
answer, J 80. the parliament's
votes npon his former propo-
sition, 18 I. the treaty pro-
longed till November 25. 182.
the declaration of the army,
ib. new propositions against
delinquents, especially the mar-
quis of Ormond, 183. his an-
swer, ib, the treaty further
prolonged for a day, .184. pro-
position concerning Scotland,
ib. his answer, 185. another
touching the church, 186. his
final answer, ib. SUln of the
king's letter to his son con-
cerning the treaty, 187. the
conclusion in his own words,
189. his attempt at an escape,
192, n. 195. a sharp debate
in parliament on the commis-
sioners' report of the treaty,
199. remonstrance of the army
against the treaty presented to
parliament, 201. the king re-
moved from Carisbrook castle
to Hurst castle, 202. votes of
the commons thereupon, 203.
another declaration of the army
to the parliament, 204. their
general marches for London,
lb. the parliament vote that
the king's answer was a ground
for peace, 205. a contrary vote,
206. \'ote of no more addresses
renewed, 207. votes of the
commons about settling a form
of go\'ernment, 209. a com-
mittee appointed to prepare a
charge of high treason against
the king, 210. the prince of
'Vales desires the States of
IIolland to intercede with par-
liament, 2 I I. their answer,
2 12. their ambassador not ad-

nlitted by parliament to an
audience before the ki ng' s
death, 2 14. the queen's paper
to the parliament laid aside,
213. the charge agai nst the
king approved by the com-
mons, 2 14. rejected by the
lords, 215. the comnlons con-
stitute a high court of justice,
2 16. Bradshaw made lord pre-
sident, 2 I 7. the king sent for
from Hurst castle, 2 19. a plan
for his escape not tried, 222,
223. he is brought to St.
James's, 223. the several con-
sultations mnong the officers
before and after this time,
what to do with hinl, 224.
concluded to have hinl pub-
licly tried, 227. the pri nee
writes to Fairfax and the
council of war, ib. the letter
laid aside, 229. the king's
usage at St. James's, ib. lIe is
brought to \VestnIinster-hall,
230. the Sl1m of his charge,
ib. what passed the first day
of the trial, 23 1. disturbance
in the court by lady. Fairfax,
233. a summary passIng over
the rest of the trial, 235. the
king's character, 236. his jns-
tiee and nlerey, ib. his òevo-
tion and religion, 237. his
conjugal chastity, ib. not very
bountiful, 238. kept state in
his court, ib. patient in hear-
ing causes, ib. fearless, but not
enterprising, ib. not confident
in his own .juògment, ib. a
great lover of the Scotch, 239.
abhorred debauchery, ib. be-
loved by his subjects in ge-
neral when he was murdered,
240. \Varbnrton's observation
on this point, U T . in IDe. the sum
of his character, vi.
40. his
funeral at 'Vinrl
or, 241. why
his body was not removcrl to
T3

I N D E X.

\Vestminster in the tinle of
CharleslI.244.'Varburton's re-
mark hereupon,1V. in loe, pro-
clamation against proclaiming
the prince of\Vales king, vi. 245.
bow some neighbouring princes
took the king's nlurder, 248.
Cronnvell when in Scotland
supposed to have agreed with
Argyle to keep him in perpe-
tual imprisonment, 279. con-
dition of his family after his
death, vii. 84. his clemency
towards the Ron1an catholics
in Ireland, viii. 3. his gentle
luethod against the rebels, 16.
his good advice to the catholic
commissioners, 22. (see Ire-
land, Parliament, and Scot-
land.) Bishop Warburton's ob-
servation on his ungracious
manner, ii. 35. remarks that it
was a trifling question which
party struck the first stroke,
169. considers the ill success
of his arms to be chiefly owing
to prince Rupert, iii. 327. his
observations on the king's over-
tures of peace
iv. 19,53. con-
siders his court to have been
exceedingly tyrannical, 113.
his opinion that the king
should have marched to Lon-
don instead of besieging Glou-
cester, 193. his view of the
objects of the king and par-
liament, 327. thinks that the
king might fairly employ the
rebellious Irish, and why,
355, 3 62 . and that his &ctions
throughout, with respeot to
Ireland, were free fronl blame,
although not in accordance
with his professions, ib. his
censures of his uxoriousness,
201, 365, 481, 5 0 7, 550. v.
193, 259. his observation as
to his private virtues and pub-
lic character, vi. 236, 240. his

remark on Clarendon's silence
respecting the king's virtnoso
character, 249. his remarks on
several circumstances and cen.
. sures of the king's conduct, 1V.
i. 8, 205, 214, 224, 244, 246,
26 5, 45 0 , 459,475, 4 80 ,49 1 ,
5 0 4. ii. 12, 23, 38, 60, 184,
202, 234, 24 2 , 275, 287, 288,
3 1 3,3 68 ,437. iii. 149,151,
15 8 , 19 8 , 199, 220, 29 1 , 29 2 ,
299, 3 02 , 413
4 1 4. iv. 19,
22, 107, 125, 162, 16...., 172,
222, 246, 261, 265,309, 322,
3 2 7, 4 02 ,47 1 ,47 2 , 4 81 , 5 0 7,
5 I I, 528
5 86 , 5 8 7, 59 0 , 592.
v. I, 9, 3 0 , 56, 6I
12 7, 139,
18 7, 193, 222, 25 0 , 349,3 8 7,
445, 4 8 4, 5 1 3, 54 8 , 55 2 . vi.
I, 132, 133, 15 8 , 163, 16 4,
168, 175, 19 0 , 23 6 , 238. vii.
259.
Charles II. (as prince of \Vales,)
ii. 63, 27 0 , 278, 281. iii. 157.
v. I57,n. 159,17 2 ,173, 21 9,
266, 268, 27 1 , 3 2 3, 369, n.
37 0 , 5 2 3, 5 2 9. viii. 74, 75.
(as king,) vi. 284, 3 2 3, 585.
vii. 5 I, 54, 56, 64, 66, 68,
7 1 , 79,83,9 0 , 15 2 , 19 2 ,3 2 9,
viii. 3. (as prince of \Vales,)
the earl of Newcastle his go-
vernor, ii. 180. whom the mar-
quis of Hertford succeeds, 244.
nleets his father at Greenwich,
notwithstanding an order of
parliament, 262. an intention
of parlianlent to remove him
frOln the king by force, 273.
appointed captain of a troop
of horse for the defence of the
king's person, 429. present t\t
the battle of Edge-hill, iii. 280,
633, 63 6 . was one of those
that signed a letter to the earl
of Essex, iV.402. removes with
the king from Oxford, 485.
marquis of Hertford had an
extraordinary devotion for him,

.,..

I N D E X.

5 J 7. the king thinks it no
longer safe and prudent for
him and the prince to be to-
gether, v. 9, 82. the council
appuinted to attend him into
the west, 1 J. made general
of the king's forces, and of the
western association, 87. re-
moves to Bristol, 1 14, 123,
137, 71. reasons why, 123,134,
136, n. no preparations to re-
ceive him
141. his proceed-
ings there, 142, 146. sumn10ns
the commissioners of the four
associated western counties to
Bridgewater, J 5 I. himself di-
verted from business, and di-
visions caused in his councils
by 1\1:rs. Windham, 153, 154.
sends three commissioners to
Exeter to inquire into the
complaints against sir R.
Greenvil, 163. removes from
Bristol to Barnstable, 188,
.193. transactions there, 201.
goes to Launceston, 20 9, 254.
the king's letter to him, order-
ing him to retire into France
whenever he might be in dan-
ger of falling into the l"ebels'
hands, 231. France objected
to by his council, 236. the
king's answer persisting in
Francc, 258. a design to pe-
tition hinl to send conditions
of pcace prevcllted, 240. a
conference between lord Go-
ring and one of his council,
242. refuses lord Goring's de-
mands of being next in com-
mand to himselt: &c. 237,
245. goes to Tavistock, 273.
his intention of going to Tot-
ness, 274, 275, '282. the king's
lettcr to him, recommending
him t.o wit.hdra.w to Denmark,
27 6 . his letter commandi ng
him to retire abroad, and pr
-
ferably to Demllark, 277. rca-

sons against his immediate de-
parture, 278. which step his
council decide against, 280.
their decision approved of by
the king, 3 17. state of his af-
fairs in the west
303. he com-
Inits sir R. Green\'il, refusing
the cOlnmand, to prison, 309.
goes to Pendennis, 3 17. thence
to Scil1y, 320. the king's let-
ter to him, enjoining him ne-
ver to yield to any dishonour-
able conditions, not even to
save his (the king's) life, 361.
he renloves to Jersey, 362.
the queen's letter pressing his
ren10\'al from SciUy, 363. a
letter to him fronl the king,
exhorting hin1 to continue
firm, 365. he is inclined to go
to France, 366. the lords Ca-
pel and Colepepper sent to
dissuade the queen from send-
ing for him into France, 367.
their instructions and arri-
val at Paris, ib. lord Digby
goes to Jersey to persuade
hinl to remove to Ireland,
372. thence he goes to France
to gain the queen's consent
to this nleasure, 375. where,
being cajoled by cardinal IVla-
zarine, he returns to J er-
sey to persuade the prince
to relnove into France, 376-
379. debates in the priuce's
council conccrning his going,
399. lord Capel's opinion a-
gainst it, 400. the arguments
of the lords Digby and J er-
myn for it, 402. the prjncc
resolves to go, 403. all his
council, except lord Colepep-
per, dissent, and stay behind,
403. the prince's treatment
and condition in J.'ranec, 413,
554. he goes to I-Iclvoetsluys
to take the command of the
fleet that had revoltcd frOlTI
'r 4

'"

I N D .E X.

Raillsborough, vi. 23, 33. fac-
tions in his fleet, 33, 63. he
comes into the Downs with
his fleet,.3 6. an unsuccessful
enterprise there, 67. thence
into the Thalues, 38. and takes
several ships, 64. commission-
ers sent to him frOln the city
\"ith a petition, 65. he writes
to the city, 66. he writes to
the earl of 'Varwick, 69' his
answer, ib. he went to sea to-
wards I-Iolland after hm'ing
attempted to fight with the
earl of 'Vanyick, 70, 7 I. tbe
earl follows him, 71. the prince
comes to the Hague, 78. di-
visions in his court, 79. the
letter of the parliament of
Scotland to him, 83. delibera-
tions in his council about it,
85. his and the duke of York's
condition at the flague, and
the factions among their fol-
lowers, 126. the ill condition
of his fleet in Holland, 13 I,
133, 13 8 . he has the small-
pox, 1.-:;5. he prevails with the
States of Holland to intercede
witI1 the parliament for his
father, 2 I I. sends a letter to
Fairfax, and the council of
war on his behalf, 227. which
was read and laid aside, 229.
(as king) proelamation against
proclaiming him king, 245.
his condition at the I I ague,
26 7. the States condole with
him. 268. his new council
sworn, ib. the qneen '8 fil'st
message to him, 269. l
thinks
of going into Ireland, 270.
proclaimed in Scotland, ancI
commissioners sent from
then
e to him, 271. factions
in his court \vith reference to
Scotland, 283. circumstances
that made his departure from
Holland necessary, 297, he

delivers a n1elnoriaI to the
States, 300. deliberations re-
specting his movements, 306,
307. conference between lord
Cottington and the chancellor
of the exchequer concenling
his sending an embassÿ to
Spain, 3 10. he declares those
two to be his ambassadors,
313. the chancellor of the ex-
chequer appointed by him to
Inake a declaration relating to
England, 3 18. different opin-
ions in his council about it
when read, 32 r. upon which
it was laid aside, 323. he re-
moves to IJreda, 330. thence
to Antwerp, 33 T. thenc
to
Brussels, ib. has an inten,iew
with the archduke near Valen-
ciennes' 332. meets his mo-
ther at St. Germains, ib. un-
",,-illing that she should in-
terfere in public affairs, ib.
1\11'. Elliot comes to him, 333-
his influence over him, ib.
Cromwell's arri\'-al in Ireland
delays his voyage there, 35 I_
he removes to Jersey, 354-
stays some Inonths there, 377.
account of the emb:lssy he
sent to Spain, 357, 37 8 , 4 0 5,
440, 458, 464. he gives over
all thought of goi ng into Ire-
land in consequence of Crom-
well's success there, 397.
again invited to Scotland upon
the old conditions through
the marquis of Argyle, 398,
402. his answer, that he would
have a treaty with them in
flolland, 400. the queen ad-
\'jses him to agree to the
terms, 40 I. he meets the queen
at Beauvais, ib. meets thO'
Scotch commissioners at Breda.
ib. resolves for Scotland, 404.
arguments of some Hgaillst
this step, ib. recei vcs the news

I N 1) E X.

relating to the marquis of
l\Iountrose, 422. ]ow condi-
tion of his party in England,
43 I. Argyle sends him new
propositions, which miss him,
435. he arri\Tes in Scotland,
ana takes the covenant, 436.
Hamilton and Lauderdale de-
part from him, 437. Argyle
receives him, ib. rnost of his
English ser\Tants remo\'ed from
him, ib. the Scotch clergy al-
ways about him, 438. their
sermons before him, ib. the
marqliis of Argyle"s behaviour
to him, ih. his condition, 439.
obtains more liberty through
the Scots defeat by Crom well,
456. his loss in the death of
the prince of Orange, 470.
believed in France to be dead,
476. state of his affairs in
Scotland, 484. he withdraws to
the II igblands, but returns the
next day, 486. is better treated
in consequence by Argyle, 487.
a Scotch parliament summoned
in his name, ib. which reconciles
the ]ords, ib. an army raised,
of which he is genera], 488.
his coronation, ib. in conse-
quence of Cromwell's army
gaining a pass in his rear, he
marches forward into Eng-
land, 490. Argyle dissuaded
it, and stayed behind, 49 I.
Lam bert sent after the king,
493. Cronnyell follows three
days after, 494. lVlassey sent
tu precede the king, 495. a
committee of ministers in his
army ruin all, ib. the earl of
Derby meets him in Lanca-
shire, 496. Lau1bert follows,
but is forced to retire, 497. at
'Varrington the earl of Derby
lea\"es the king, and is sent
back into Lancashire, ib. he
summons
hrewsbury in ,-ain,

499. well received at \V or-
cester, ib. ,,'here he is pro-
claimed king, 500. favourable-
ness of this post, 50 I. ill suc-
cess of the earl of Derby, 502.
the king's army not much in-
creased by access of English,
506. his transactions at \Vor-
cester, 507. the ill disposition
of his officers, 509. his defeat,
5 10. his retreat and conceal-
U1ent, 5 13. his foot driven pri-
soners to London, and sold to
the plantations, 516. a price
sct on his head, ib. particulars
of his escape, as the author had
them from himself, 5 1 9, 543.
meets captain Careless in a
wood, who persuades him to
get up into an oak, ib. thence
he came to a cottage nine
miles off, where he lay in a
barn, 52 I. thence is conducted
to another house twelve miles
off, 522. thence to another,
and so to others, 524. brought
by l\Ir. Huddleston to lord
'Vilmot, ib. and to l\Ir. Lane's
honse, 526. goes to 1\lr. Nor-
ton's, near Bristol, riding be-
hind l\irs. Lane, 528. passing
under the name of "Tilliam,
530. is known to the butler
of the house, 53 I. goes to
colonel Francis \Vindhan1's
house, 533. thence is brought
to an inn near Lyme, 535.
the ship that was hired by
captain ElJison failed, ow-
ing to an accident, and he
leaves the inn, 536. he and
lord 'Vilmot near being dis-
co'"cred by a smith shoeing
their horses, 538. goes back
to the colonel's house, ib.
sends 'Vilmot for Robert l'l1i-
lips, 539. who conducts him
to a place near Salisbury, 54 0 .
Dr. IIinchman conducts him

I N D E X.

to I-Icale, 1\frs. Hyde's house,
540. thence to a house near
Brighthelmstone, 54 I. where
a bark was provided by colonel
Gunter, ib. he arrives in Nor-
111 andy, in Novelnber, 54 I.
and goes to Rouen, ib. the
chancellor of the exchequer
meets him at Paris bv his or-
der, 543. the marqui; of Or-
Inond, after appointing the
nlarquis of Clanrickard his
deputy in Ireland, waits upon
the king at Paris, 554. his ne-
cessities at Paris, 557. ap-
points a new council, 561. re-
fuses to make sir. J. Berkeley
nIaster of the wards, 564. bis
conduct with respect to the
duke of York's going into the
French arnlY, 566, 567. six
thousand livres per month as-
signed him by the French
court, 568. how the money
was disposed that was sent
him from 1\loscow and Po-
land, 569. invited to attend
the Hugonot church at Cha-
renton, 571. urged to it by
lord Jermyn, 572. dissuaded
by the chancellor of the ex-
chequer, 573. refuses to go,
575. the requests to hitn from
his friends in Scotland, 578.
did not expect nluch from
their exertions, 579. appoints
the chancellor of the exche-
quer to make all the despatches
for Scotland, ib. the marquis
of Ormond's and the chan-
cellor's opinion of his affi\irs
at this time, 580. the chan-
cellor desires him not to em-
ploy him in the Scottish af-
fairs, ib. his reply, 581. the
chancellor submits, 582. the
king with his mother dwelt at
the Louvre, 584. they remove
to St. Germain's, 586. solicit-

ations for places in his court,
5 8 7. dIsapproves of the pro-
posed marriage of the duke
of York.) 590. Mademoiselle
thought of for the king, 59 2 .
the Inarquis of Ormond's and
chancellor of the exchequer's
exceptions against this Inatch,
ib. the king well inclined to it,
593. both these designs come
to nothing, 594. offers to join
the Dutch in their war with the
English parliament, 602, 603.
his proposal declined, 605. or-
ders sir G. Carteret to surrender
Jersey on conditions, 608. al-
lows the marquis of Clan-
rickard to retire from his go-
vernment of Ireland, 622.
Cromwell prosecutes his party,
vii. 26. his condition abroad,
49, 77. thinks of retreating
out of France, but whither
was the question, 50. makes
'Vilmot carl of Rochester, and
sends him to the diet at Ra-
tisbon, 52. sends a commis-
sion to the earl of Glencarne
in Scotland, 53. who is unable
to effect any thing, 54. quashes
the designs of the Scotch pres-
byterians and of the Roman
catho1ics against the chan-
cellor of the exchequer, 6 I .
his discourse with cardinal
de Retz, 63. Inakes lord Her-
hert lord keeper of the great
seal at his mother's desire, 67.
refuses to reappoint 1\1r. Long
secretary of state, 69, 70. ac-
quits the chancellor of the ex-
chequer of the charge of having
conferred with CrOln\vell, 72.
his avowal of his disinclination
to business; and his exculpation
of the chancellor from, the
charge of having used disre-
spectful language against him,
76. reasons for his removal

I N D E X.

into Germany, 80. a private
supply of money sent to him
from England, 81. receives all
his arrears fronl France, 82_
Stephen Fox appointed to ma-
nage his money, 89. lord Her-
bert resigns his office to him,
91. leaves the duke of Glouces-
ter with the queen at her de-
sire, ib. quits Paris, 95. a
foolish project for his lnarriage,
96-98. his reception at Cam-
bray, 99. passes through Flan-
ders without being noticed by
the archduke, ib. advises his
friends in England to remain
quiet, 102, 109. arrives at Spa,
where he nlcets with the prin-
cess of Orange, 104. a small
subsidy granted hiln by the
diet in Germany, 105. im-
provement in his fa;'llily ex-
penses, 107. removes to Aken,
ib. gives his signet to secretary
Nicholas, 108. his reply to the
chancellor of the exchequer's
suggestion that he should re-
turn to the Highlands of Scot-
land, T 10. ren10ves to Cokgne
with his sister, by invitation of
the citi7.ens, I 12. his way of
life there, 119. entertained by
the duke of Newburgh, 116.
brings his sister to Santen,
where they part, and he re-
turns to Cologne, I 19. sends
for the duke of Gloucester
frOlu France, as his ulother
was attempting to make hinl a
catholic, I 22. his declaration as
to the enforcement of tIle laws
against the catholics, 128. an
insurrection designed by some
of his party in England, 129
- 134. he goes to Zealand to
be reaJy, 135. the rising at
Salisbury, 139. its failurc, 142.
ill success of the design in the
north under the carl of Ro-

chester, 145. the king returns
to Cologne, 148. his designs
betrayed to CrOlnwell by l\Ian-
ning, 149. the risings of his
party advantageous to Crom-
well, 160. Cromwell's order
for decimating the property of
his party, 161. his declaration
in justification, 162. the king
caused an answer to be nmde
to it, 165. he stayed at Cologne
about two years, 167- goes into
Flanders, and treats with the
archduke, 182, 183. makes a
treaty with Spain, 185. removes
to Bruges in consequence, 1 86.
state of his affairs in Flanders,
223. raises four regiments of
his subjects there, 2. 24. de-
clines for the future the pen-
sion from France, 225. ap-
points sir H. Bennet his envoy
to l\iadrid, 235- 111akes the
chancellor of the exchequer
lord chanceUor
236. transac-
tions of his friends in England,
238. jealousies amongst them,
240. Mr. Stapley's engagement
for him, 243. !.Ir. l\iordaunt
active for him, 244. the address
of the anabaptists to him, 254,
255- their propositions an-
nexed to it, 267. the letter
sent to hiln by one individual
with the address, 270. the re-
sult, 275, 27 6 . his desire of
joining the Spanish arnlY re-
fused, '1.77, 286. present in the
attempt upon l\iardyke, ib.
leaves Brugcs, and remo\'cs
to Brussels, 277. retires to
Hochstraten, 286. returns to
llrussds upon hearing of
Cromwell's death, 288. all ca-
valiers banished twenty miles
from London, 320. his party
begin to mOH
after Crom-
wcll's son had been put aside
by the parliament, iú. their

INDEX.

rlesigns, 3 22 , 323. discovery
of the treachery of sir Richard
\Villis, 324. the king removes
to Calais, afterwards to the
coast of J3retagne, to be ready
to go over into England, 330,
336. disappointment of all the
designs in his favour, 33 I. ex-
cept the seizure of Chester by
sir George Booth, 332. who is
routed by Lambert, and Ches-
ter taken, 335. resolves to at-
tend the conference between
the Spanish and French fa-
vourites, 33 8 , 345, 347. car-
dinall\iazarine advises against
it, 346. begins his journey,
347. goes by Iuistake to Sara-
gossa, 358. returns to }'\lenta-
rabia, 359. well received by
don Lewis de lIarD, 360. car-
dinal l\lazarine would not see
him, ib. returns to Brussels,
362. thoughts of persuading
the king to turn catholic, in
order to be restored by foreign
catholic princes, 363. in state of
his affairs abroad, ib. lord Jer-
mvn comes to him with COlTI-
pliments from the cardinal,
364. the affairs of England
after the defeat of sir G. Booth,
366. his affairs more desperate
upon the return of the parlia-
nlent that. had been interrupted
by Lambert, 393. his conàition
at Brussels, 394. and the state
of his affairs, 4 I 9. the council
of state's kind behaviour to
the king's friends after the
dissolution of parliament, 425.
l\fonk sends sir J. Greenvil to
negotiate with the king, 443.
his deliberations upon the
terms proposed, 447. remo\-es
to Breda as l\Ionk required,
44,
, 45 I, 453. the Spaniards'
design to seize him discovered,
452. his letter to the general

and army, 454. and to the hOllse
of conunons, 457. his declara-
tion, 463. his letter to the house
of lords, 465. and to the fleet,
466. and to the lord mayor
and aldermen of London, 468.
declaration of the king's party
had great effect, 47]. his letter
and declaration joyfully re-
ceÍ\Ted by parliament, 479. anò
by the city, army, and navv,
480. the a.nswer
f the hou
e
of commons to him, 48 I. ex-
traordinary change in his fa-
vour, 486. is proclaimed king,
487, 488. many addresses to
him, 489. Mont
gue's message
to him, 49 I. the marquis of
Carraeena invites him back to
Brussels, 492. his answer, ib.
invites him again, but in vain,
ib. cardinal l\Iazarine per-
suades the queen-mother to
send lord JeflllVIl to invite him
into France, 493. his answer,
494. the State3 General con-
gratulate his coming to Breda,
and the States of Holland
invite him to the Hague,
495. "vhither he goes, 49 6 .
his reception and entertain-
ment there, 49i. a committee
of lords and commons wait on
hill1 there, to invite him to re-
turn to the tl)rone, 499. a)so
a deputation frOlll the city,
500. and certain presbyterian
divines, 50 I. their public au-
dience, -ib. and private dis-
courses with him, 502. his re-
ply to dIem, ib. embarks for
England, 504. arrives at Do-
yer, ib. goes through the' city
to \Vhitehall, 505. where the
two houses waited on him, ib.
(See Ireland, Parliament, and
Scotland.} Bishop \Varbl1rton
calls Charles II. the nlost hard-
hearted monarch that ever

I :N D E X.

was, If'. v, 383. his censures of
Charles's conduct towards lord
Clarendon, ib. 412. vii. 95. his
obser,rations on other parts of
his conduct, vi. 133,4 0 5. 43 8 .
vii. 80. considers his resolution
of not being governed by his
mother almost the only good
one he ever adhered to, vi, 269.
considers his adherence to epi-
scopacy to arise merely fronl
political considerations, 40 I .
his observation that Burnet's
story of Charles having changed
his religion before he left Pa-
ris, is confuted, vii. 129.
Charles Louis, elector palatine
(see Elector.)
Chater, colond, vi. 90.
Chaucer, Geoffery, Donnington
castle near Kewburv, his
house, iv. 237. .
Cherry, sir 'Villiam, iii. 630.
Cheshire, the condition of, at the
end of 1642. iii. 447.
Chester, the king very dutifully
received there, iii. 259, n. his
horse routed there bv Pointz,
v. 283. seized by sir G. Booth
for Cbarles II. vii. 332. re-
taken by Lam bert, 335.
Chesterfield, Philip Stanhope,
first earl of, under restraint for
his loyalty, iv. 630.
Chevreuse, duchess of, 1r. i. 68.
Cheynel, Francis, ,r. 52. 1V. i \'.
4.57 v. 52.
Chichester possessed by the king's
forces, iii. 4 I 5. surrendered to
sir \Y. 'V aller, 416.
Chichester, Arthur lord, i. 389.
Chichester, earl of, (see lord
Dunsmore.)
Chigi, cardinal, chosen pope, and
assumed the name of Alexan-
der VII. vii. 124.
Chillingworth, \Villiam, notice of
his work again:st the church of
Rome, i. 134. iv. 426. n. his

death, ib. 457. 1f'. iv. 457.
notice of his activity at the
siege of Gloucester: IV. IV.
225.
Cholmeley, or Chohnondley, sir
Hugh, one of the northern
Inembers of the house of com-
n10ns, i. 3 29, 4 18. ii. 16, 45. iii.
578. a fast friend to sir J.
Hotham, ii. 397. revolts to the
king, after having done great
service to the parliament, iii.
44 6 . Ï\'. 137, n. had espoused
that party, owing to hig friend-
ship with IIotham, ib. iii. 446.
Cholmeley, sir Henry, ii. 398. one
of the committee ap(Jointed by
parlianlent to wait upon
Charles II. at the Hague, vii.
499.
Cholmondley, (see Cholrneley.)
Christian IV. (see king of Den-
mark & )
Christina, queen of Sweden,
purchased the choice of the
medals and jewels, and some
pictures, that belonged! to
Charles I. ,oj. 249. received
the parliament's agent with
great joy and pomp, 249, 409.
made an alliance with them, ib.
Ch1ldleigh, sir George, iiL 422.
iV.98, 101, 102.
Chudleigh, James, major-general
of the parliament forces in the
west, iii. 43 I. i,'. 96. Ir. iv.
104. his conduct at the battle
of Stratton, iv. 100. accnsed by
the earl of Stamford of betra}-
ing him, T 02. goes over to the
king in consequence, 10 3.
some account of him, 103,
10 4, 3 22 .
Church of England,. king Charles's
attachment to, i. T 44. hostile
feeling entertained aga.iust it,
for engrossing chil situations,
J 75. feeling of the leaders of
the popular party towards the

I N D E X.

church, 409. asselnbly of di-
vines in 1642. to reform the
church, how appointed, ii. 423.
character of most of its n1en1-
bers, 424. (See Bishops, Epi-
scopacy, and Clergy.)
Churches, foreign, in England,
notice of their origin, iii. 363.
checked, 365.
Church lands, bishop Warbur-
ton's opinion in favour of their
alienation
w. v. 56.
Chute forest in I-Iampshire given
to 'Veston, earl of Portland, by
Charles I. i. 90. .
Cirencester taken by prince l{,u-
pert, iii. 4 J 7. seized upon by
the earl of Essex, iv. 23 I.
Ch.illaw, no reason for its having
more connection with the
church than conllllon la\v, ii.
3 0 .
Clanmacuois, titular bisbop of,
\Tiii.155.
Clan rickard, Ulrick de Burgh,
marquis of, earl of St. Alban's,
ii. 590. viii. 42, 66, 137,185,
222, 229. norice of h
cha-
racter, vi. 553. viii. 43. a zea-
lous Roman cat.holic, ib. re-
moves the jealousies of the
Irish, viii. 44. luade general of
the army by the lord Hentc-
nant, 46. defection of Preston's
otEcers, 4i. the marquis re-
duced to great hardships, 48.
the committee of the congre-
gation of the prelates desire
that he 111ay be made lord
lieutenant, 191. observations
npon this denlaud, 193, 194.
he is deputed by the lord lieu-
tenant, vi. 553. viii. ]99. is
entreated to accept the go-
vernment, viii. 20 I. condition
of the Irish at that time, vi.
614. viii. 202. their behaviour
to him, viii. 203. appoints a ren-
dezvous, 204. resolves to fight

Ireton, 205. appoints com-
missioners to confer with the
duke of Lorrain's an1bassador,
20 9. sends two gentlemen to
treat further with the duke,
2 I I. his letter to the duke,
renouncing the treaty they
made, viii. 213. vi. 618. Liu1e-
rick and Galway disobedient to
him, viii. 2 19. discovers a cor-
respondence between the po-
pish clergy and Ludlow, ma-
naged by a friar, vi. 62 I. he
is unable to prevent this cor-
respondence, viii. 220. sends
the earl of Castlehaven to give
an account"of all to the king,
vi. 622. the king sends him
leave to retire, ib. his depar-
ture, viii. 231. goes into Eng-
land, and dies within a year,
vi. 623.
Clare, ..Tohn lIolles, second earl
of, one of the lords that signed
the declaration, that the king
had no intentions of war, iii.
72, 57 I. joins the king at Ox-
ford, iv. 193, 209. had been
with him at York, and by his
leave had gone to London,
206. notice of his character, ib.
present at the sicge ofGlouces-
ter, 2 II. and at the battle of
Newbury, 262. allo\\,-ed to at-
tend the councils of \\Jar, ib.
returns to London, 271,332.
how received by parliament, ib.
Clarendon, earl of: (see II yde.)
Clarges, -.- vii. 3iS.
Clark, -- i. 66, I 13.
Clarke, sir \Villiam, killed in the
fight at _ Croprcdy bridge, IV.
50..}.
Claypole, :\lrs. her death, "H.
29 1 .
Clement IX. pope, (sc
..T. H,os-
pigliosi. )
Clergy, high charaetcr of in the
reign of Charles I. though

I
D E X.

somewhat indiscreet in their
court serlnons, i. 13 6 , 137.
'lnimosity of certain great law-
yers against the clergy, ìi. 29,
which produced great mis-
chief, ib. how far the clergy
brought it on themselv
s, ib.
remarks on this feeling, 29-
35. how the clergy were treated
by the puritanical party, 425.
the clergy on the side of par-
liament chiefly instrun1ental in
infuriating the people against
the king and his party, iii.
230. instances of their vio-
lence, 23 I.
Clerk of the market of the king's
household, an act of parlia-
ment, respecting, 1. 50 I.
Clerks, (see Six Clerks.)
Cleve, duchy of, vii. I 17.
Cle\Te, duke of, vii. I 17.
Clc\--eland, Thomas 'Ventworth,
earl of: one of the lords who
signed the letter to the privy-
council and conscrvators of
the peace in Scotland, iv. 632.
notice of his character, 483.
makes an unsuccessful attempt
upon Abingdon, ib. his part in
the fight at Cropredy-bridge,
500-503. taken prisoner at
the battle of 'V orcester, vi.
5 1 5.
Clobery,-appointed by:;\fonk
a cOlllluissioner to treat with
thc officer
of the army at
London, vii. 379.
Clogher, Ever l\iae l\Iahon, titu-
lar bishop of: appointe(l to
command in Ulster aftcr the
death of O'Neal, viii. 145,
1..!9. defcated antI hanged by
sir C. Coote, 1..;.6. vi. 5-1-8. his
eharacter, viii. 14-7.
Clonfert, titular bishop of, viii.
15 8 ,177,19 2 .
Clotworthy, sir John, ii. 20. in-
vcighs in parliament agai nst

the earl of Strafford, i. 30 J .
committed to prison by the
house of COlnn10ns, vi. 208.
Clublnen in S01l1erset and Dor-
setshire, v. 197.
Cobbet, colonel, sent by the
conunittee of safety into Scot-
land to l\Ionk, vii. 375. im-
prisoned by him, 377. taken
prisoner when Lambert's party
were dispersed, 43 T.
Cobham, John Brook, lord, one
of the lords tlmt signed the
letter to the privy-council and
conservators of the peace in
Scotland
vi. 633.
Cobham, sir Richard Temple,
lord, IV. iii. 229.
Cohogan, father, manages a cor-
respondence between the po-
pish Iris!: clergy and Ludlow,
vi. 62 I .
Coke, sir Edward, blasphemously
called the duke of l
ucking-
hmn our Saviour, i. 1 I.
Coke, George, bishop of Here-
ford, one of the bishops who
signed the petition and pro-
testation respecting their con-
strained absence frOln the
house of lords, ii. 116.
Coke, sir John, secretary of state,
his character, i. 113, 216. the
odium of the failure of the
Scotch expedi tion thrown upon
him, 216, 222. removed from
his post in consequence by the
interest of the queen, in op-
position to the earl of Straf-
ford, 222.
Colchester delivered np by Charles
II.'s party to }-"airfax, vi. 99.
Colepepper, sir John, ii. 606,
494, n. iii. 592. iv. 222, 47+
(as lord,) v. 143, 234, 23 6 ,237,
241, n. 244-, '1l. 268,27 0 ,27 1 ,
278,318,320.324,332,360,
362, 363, 365, H T . ii. 313.
Inaùe chancellor of the cxche-

I N D E X.

quer, ii. 93, J 40. his character,
94, I4 o . iii .549. vi. 127. slan-
derously reported to bea Ron1an
catholic, ii. 97. one of those
styled by the rabble persons
disaffected to the kingdom,
103, n. inclined through the
king's imprudence to take no
part in public affairs, 133.
counselled the king, that the
onlyway to preserve the church
,,vas to pass the bill against
the bishops' votes, 247. W. in
loco one of the counsellors who
signed the declaration that the
king had no intentions of war,
iii. 72, 57 I. one of those who
carried the king's lnessage for
peace to parliament, 206, 208,
209, 62 I, 622. present at the
battle of Edge-hill, 63 0 , 634.
dissuaded the king fronl draw-
ing off the field, and hastening
into the west, 634, made mas-
ter of the rolls, 538. censured
for being in favour of the siege
of Gloucester, iv. 201, 260.
his and the chancellor of the
exchequer's business to think
of expedients for providing
nloney, 396, n. one of those
appointed by the king to in-
quire into the charges brought
against the duke of I-lamilton,
433. and of those whom he
consulted in his military af-
fairs, 471, 526. 'Vihnot. jea-
lous of him, 473, 49 8 , 5 2 7,
528. prince Rupert hostile to
him, v. I. vi. 63, 127. nlade
a baron, to the offence of the
court and army, v. 4, 38. the
king confers most partieuJarJy
with him, as to sending the
pri nee of \Vales away from
himself, 9. named by him one
of the prince's council, 1 I.
one of the cOlumissioners to
treat at Uxbriòge, 37. sent to

settle disputes at Taullton,
14 8 . one of the comlnissioners
to examine the allegations
against sir R. Greenvil, 16 3
waits on the king to Breck-
nock, 230. his conversation
\vith the chancellor of the ex-
chequer as to the benefit the
king might obtain by liberat-
ing the duke of Hamilton,
333, n. changed his opinion
in favour of the prince of
'Vales's going to J:'rance, 3 66 .
sent with lord Capel to dis-
suade the queen fron1 sending
for tlle prince into ,France,
3 6 7. their success, 380. he
alone of the privy-council ac-
companied him into ,France,
403. the king, upon hearing
that it was Colepepper's ad-
"ice that he should give up the
church, said he had no reli-
gion, 412. attends the prince
to the fleet, vi. 33. trusted by
the queen to keep the prince
firm in his dependence on the
presbyterian party, 37. hmv
concerned in the divisions in
the prince's fleet, 80. his quar-
rel with prince Hupert respect-
ing sir R.\Valsh, 128-130.
oflended at not being appointed
oneofthe ambassadors to Spain,
3 J 4, n. he and the chal1ceJlor
of the exchequer had no great
friendship for each other, ib.
yet" he could agree with no
other man so well in business,
ib. had been sent to :\Iosrow
to borrow HlOney, 5 6 9, 570.
bishop 'Varbnrton's ohserva-
tion on him, l'V. iv. 474, 529,
600. called bv him one of the
queen's creatL;res, \'i. 80.
Cologne, character of its inha-
bitants" vii. I 12. was the staple
for the wines of that cOllntn",
ib. the elector's residence is åt

I
}) E X.

the ca.,tle of Bonne, about fonr
miles from the city, J13. de-
scriptioll of the city, ib. Charles
II. fixed his abode here bv in-
vitation of the citizens, "I J 4.
where he remained about two
years, 167.
Col?gne, electm. of, his character,
\'lI. 113, 120.
Colvil, - i. 228, 229.
Commissioners for treating with
the Scots at Rippon, i. 274,
275. meet and transact, 275.
commissioners of the four as-

,ociated western counties meet
the prince of 'Vales at Bridge-
water, v. 15 I. result of their
consultations, 152. conuuis-
sioners of Devon complain of
sir Richard Greenvil, 160.
commissioners of Scotland pro-
test against the four acts which
the parliament sent to the
king to pass, 507. their pri-
vate treaty with the king at
Hampton Court, 529. which
was renewed and signed by
him at the Isle of 'Vight, 530.
substance of it, 532. commis-
sioners sent fronl parliament
into Scotland, vi. 15. commis-
sioners sent to the prince of
'Vales from the city with a
petition, 65. sc'"en commis-
sioners to govern the army
appointed by parliament, vii.
370. l\Ionk appoints three
cOlluuissioners to treat with.
the committee of safety of the
army at London, 379. .Charles
I:s good advice to the catholic
commis
ioners in Ireland, viii.
22. an assembly of the con-
federate catholics, in 1645,
appoints commissioners for a
new treaty, 25. commissioners
sent to treat with the lord
lieutenant, 76. their advice to
him, I 18. conference with the
VOL. VUI.

cOl1nnissioners of trust, 123.
the lord lieutenant's letter to
the commissioners, J 79. their
answer, ] 8 I. commissioners of
trust expostulate with the com-
mittee of the congregation of
the prelates, 185. their an-
s\\.er, ib.
Committee of state, in 1640, of
whOln composed, i. 263. a
comn1ittee of both houses ap-
pointed to treat with the Scot-
tish commissioners, 332. the
committee appointed by l-'ar-
lianlent receive Charles I.
from the Scots at Newark, v.
42 I. committee of the Scots
parliament order l\lonroe to
disband, vi. 93. committee of
safety constituted by the army,
vii. 374. their ol-'erations, 375
-379. the committee of the
lords and COBnnons wait upon
Charles II. at the Hague, 499.
commissioners of trust in Ire-
land expostulate with the COlU-
mittee of the congregatio
uf
the prelates, viii. 185. their
answer, ib. (see Parliament.)
COIumon-Prayer, Book of, a bill
for its disuse negatived in the
house of commons, ii. 6. (see
Liturgy.)
Commons, house of, forty mClU-
bers required to make a. house,
ii. 9. (see Parliament.)
Communion-table, disputes and
differences arising from its re-
Inoval frOlu the body of the
church, i. J 68. archbishop
Laud zealous for the altera-
tion, 170. opposed chiefly by
bishop 'Villiams, ib. ordered
bv the house of commons, not-
\
ithstanding the dissent of the
house of lords, to be again al-
tered, ii. 78. <-
Compton , James lord, afterwards
third earl of Northampton, ii.
u

IN]) E X.

320. iii. 460. iv. 590. wounded
at the battle on Hopton-heath,
iii. 458. defeats some forces
at Banbury, iv. 53. one of the
lords who signed the letter to
the privy-council and conser-
vators of the peace in Scotland,
632. present at the fight at
Cropredy-bridge, 504. Banbury
castle relieved by him, 580.
Compton, sir Thomas, married
the countess of Buckinghan1,
i. 78.
Compton, sir "VilliaIu, vi. 61-
bravely defended Banbury, iv.
575.
Con, - i. 26 3, 526. ii. 53.
Condé, prince of, vi. 355, 356,
357, 35 8 , 359, n. 5 8 3, 5 8 5,
594. vii. 9 6 , 282, 28 3, 284,
285, 342. W. v. 348. appeased
the sedition at Paris, vi. 353.
one of a cabal against the court,
355. imprisoned, 37 6 , n. 378.
had won the battle of Rocroix,
387. marquis ofLusignon styl-
ed his ambassador at the Span-
ish court, 45 I, n.liberated, 583.
visited Charles II. and his mo-
ther with many professions of
civility, 584. his altered con-
duct, 586. the duke of Lor-
rain's retreat broke the neck
of his design, 585. unsatisfied
with the proceedings in Flan-
ders, vii. 18 I. tells the Span-
iards what steps Turenne
would take at Dunkirk, 28 I.
but not hearkened to, ib. one
of the difficulties in the Span-
ish and French treatv relative
to him, 343. how settled, 349
-354.
Coniers, or Conyers, sir John, ii.
2, 13, 45 8 , 479. iv. 226. re-
commended by the house of
commons to Charles I. for the
lieutenancy of the Tower, ii.
172, 235.. who consents to it,

236. had been lieutenant-ge-
neral of the king's horse in
his last preparation against
the Scots, and governor of
Berwick, i v. 226.
Conti, prince of, imprisoned, vi.
376,n.378.1iberated, 583. Pe-
zenas belonged to him, vii. 3 17.
was governor of Languedoc, ib.
anecdote of his conversation
,vith Ri.chard Cromwell, ib.
Convocation, its sitting conti-
nued after the dissolution of
parliament, i. 26 I. makes ca-
nons, ib. by which prejudice
is excited against the whole
body of the clergy, ib. its ca-
nons allowed by the council,
360. condemned by the house
of commons, 36 I.
Conwallis, sir Charles, vi. 466.
Conway, Edward, first viscount,
removed from the secretarv's
office, i. 113. .
Conway, Edward, second vis-
cou
t, i v. 20 9, 374. general
of the horse in the second
expedition against the Scotch
covenanters, i. 249. notice
of him, 250. thought highly
of by .-:rchbishop Land, 25 J.
shamefully routed at Newburn,
255. supposed to have been
corrupted, 256, n. how far
concerned in l\ir. 'Valler's and
Tomkins' design, iv. 60, 68,
77. left London, and resorted
to the king at{ Oxford, )92.
one of the lords who signed
the letter to the privy-council
and conservators of the peace
in Scotland, 632.
Cony, -- an eminent fanatic,
vii. 294.
Conyers, lord, (see lord Darcy.)
Conyers, (see Coniers.)
Cookein, captain, iv. 146.
Cooper, sir Anthony Ashley, af-
terwards earl of Shaftsbury,

I
]) E X.

vii.3 8 9. notice of him, iV.220.
appointed governor of 'Vey-
mouth after some demur, 220
-225. joined the parJiament
in consequence of bis removal
from that post, 496. bishop
'Varburton's obser,-ation on
his discharge, I'V. in loco the
c01umanrl of the Tower in-
trusted to him and others bv
parliament, vii. 392. one óf
the comnliUee sent by parlia-
nlent to wait upon Charles II"
at the Hague, 499. bishop
'Varburton's observation on
his character, 1V. iv. 222.
Coot, or Coote
sir Charles, de-
fended Londonderry for the
parliament, ,yi. 427". viii. 9 0 ,
107. defeated the bishop of
Clogher, viii. 14 6 , 149. and
hanged him, ib. cruelly hanged
l\Jr. Higgins, 169. sent to
straiten Galway, 229. presi-
dent of Connaught, vii. 475.
favourably disposed towards
Charles II. 47 6 , 477.
Cope, Isabel, countess of Hol-
land, i. III.
Copley, colonel, defeats lord
Digby at Sherborne, v. 293.
as commissary-general impri-
soned by parlianlent, vi. 208.
Corbet, - vii. 476.
Coriton, - one of the com-
missioners for the associated
('ounty of Cornwall, v. 152.
Lork basely deli\'t
red up to
Cromwell, vi. 397.
Cork, Richard Bovle, first earl
of, i. 385. "
Cork, titular bishop of, vm.
15 8 .
Coronation; fonn of the oath
taken by the kings of England
at their coronation, ii. 514. iii.
18. bishop 'Varburton ob-
t'\erves, that as this oath is
given to the public, the king

and the public may dissoh'e it,
IV. \T. 56.
Cosins, John, after,,-ards bishop
of Durham, foruid to officiate
to the protestants in the
queen's fan1Ï]y at Paris, vi.
479, 4 80 . the queen had SOlne
personal exceptions against
him, 482.
Costeloe, viscount, (see viscount
Dillon of Costello.)
Cotterell, colonel, his conduct as
the parlimnentary governor of
Pontefract castle, vi. 1 I J. co-
10nell\Iorrice surprises the cas-
tle, T 12-1 18.
Cottington, sir Francis, after-
wards lord, i. 392, 40 I. iv.
2'[ o. ,-i. 127, 3 0 9, 563. se-
lected to attend prince Charle

in his journey to Spain, i. 30.
what situations he had filled,
ib. his opinion against the
journey, 31. the duke of Buck-
ingham's behaviour to hiln in
consequence, ib. his advocat-
ing the Spanish lnatch the
caLIse of Buckinghmn's avowed
hostility to him, 58, 59. his
reply to the duke's avowal, 59.
how far afterwards reconciled,
ib. ehancellor of the exche-
quer, 174. t}nrarts archbishop
Laud as a conunissioner of the
treasury, ib. and exposes his
irascibility, 176, 178. opposes
the king's making a park be-
tween H.ichmond and Hamp-
ton Court, 177. one of the
committee of state during the
king's expedition against Scot-
land, 263. why unpopular,
267. why he resigned the chan-
cellorship of the exchequer,
and the mastership of the
wards, 37 0 , 37 1 , 4 0 5, 534,
460. ii. 93. recommended by
the earl of Strafford for the
lieutenancy of Ireland, 587.
u 2

I N D E X.
.

one of the lords who signed
the letter to the privy-council
:lnd conservators of the peace
in Scotland, iv. 632. resident
at Rouen, vi. 2 J, 22. had still
the title of lord high treasurer
of Englaud, 22. proceeds to
Dieppe, 23, n. after being cap-
tured and plundered, and after
111any attempts to go to the
prince in the Do\vns, he joins
hinl at the Hague on his return,
76-78. conference between
him and the chancellor of the
excheq uer concerning the king' s
sending an enlbassy to Spain,
3 T o. he and the chancellor
appointed ambassadors through
l1is managelnent, 3 I 3. how
provided with money for their
embassy, 323, 324. they set
out, 32$. visit the duke of
Lorrain at Brussels, 326. his
òexterity prevails with the
duke to furnish a loan, 327.
they wai t for the king's ar-
rival at St. Germain's, 33 I.
their reception there, 332. his
ingenious method of dissuad-
ing the king from making co-
lonel 'l'Ïndharll secretary of
state, 339. their depa;ture
tronl St. Gernlain's, 355. his
conference with cardinal 1\la-
zarine, 356. they begin their
journey for Spain, and arrive
at Bourdeaux-, 357, 358. their
reception at St. Sebastian's,
359-361. their passes are
sent to them, 362. they pro-
ceed on their journey, 363.
their arrival at l\ladrid, 365.
his interview with don Lewis
de Haro, 368. they visit the
toros, &c. 369. their interview
with the king, 379. the king
paid more attention to the
chancellor than him, 380, 11.
they have a house assigned

them, 381. their prÌ\rate au-
dience and deumnds, 383. the
answer they receive, ib. or-
dered by C.har1es II. to stay
where they were, 405. they
acquaint the king of Spain
with their nmster's resolution
for Scotland, 406. his answer,
407. they expostulate with don
Lewis about Aschanl' s coming
to Spain as agent of the Eng-
lish parliament, 442. they write
to him about Ascham's nlur-
cler, 445. his answer, ib. they
are desired by the king of
Spain to be gone, 458. they
apply to don Lewis, 459. the
reason of their being required
to depart in sueh haste, ib. his
desire of remaining and dying
in S}Jain, 460. reason of the
discountenance he met with
at the Spanish court, 46 I. had
turned Roman catholic when
formerly in Spain, and reverted
to protestantism on his return
to England, ib. reconciled again
to the church of ROlne, 4-63.
they ha'"e audience of leave,
464. he is aU owed to li,'e at
Valladolid, 464, 465. his death,
465. his character, ib. was of
an incomparable temper, i. 60,
176. and of the lnost profound
dissilnu]ation, 176.
Cotton, sir Thomas, ii. 332. vi.
261.
Covenant, the Scottish, i. 197. a
,'ow and covenant taken bv
both houses of parliamer;t
upon discovery of l\Ir. 'Val-
ler's and TOlukins' design, iv.
7 I, 72. and throughout the
city and army, 74. a covenant
proposed by the Scots between
the two kingdoms, and agreed
to, 274. subscribed by the
lords and commons, and their
assembly of divines, 279. a

I N D E X.

copy of it, 280. ordered to be
taken by others, especially by
the city, 285.
Covenanters, Scottish, (see Scot-
land. )
Coventry, sir Thomas, afterwards
first lord, i. 97, 268, 456. his
character and rise, 80. his high
reputation as keeper of the
great seal, 8 I, 231, W. -in luc. his
death, i. 84, 231. '''hitelock's
contr
dictory statenlent, W. i.
82.
Coventry, ThOlnas, second lord,
one of the lords who signed
the declaration that the king
had no intentions of war, iii.
7 2 , 57]. sent into the western
parts, 181. went beyond sea,
Ï\.. 630.
Coventry and Litchfield
bishop
of: (see Robert 'Vright.)
Council; a great council of peers
sumn10ned to York, i. 260. ill
consequences of the disrespect
towards Charles I. 's coun-
cit üf state, iv. 301. a council
settled for the prince of 'Vales,
v. I I. counci I of officers, (see
AmI)',) common-council, (see
London.)
Council-table, its powers enlarg-
ed, i. 12 I. lord keeper Finch's
declaration in its favour
131.
prejudicial to it, ib.
Counsellors, (see Privy-counsel-
lors. )
Counties; di\'crs counties cnter
"pon exercising the power of
the militia, ii. 261. condition
of the counties between Ox-
t(J}"rl and \r ork at the close of
16 4 2 . iii. 452. the association
of several counties iormed un-
der the earl of l\fanchester, iv.
4 ó 4-.
tate of the western coun-
ties when the prince of 'Vales
took the conllnand of them, v.
85, 135.

Courage
observations respecting,
iv. 620, 62 I.
Court, state of, at the beginning
of Charles I.'s reign, i. 15-
17. a prospect of the court
and the ministers after the
duke of Buckinghmll's death,
80. no ladies as yet internIed-
dIe in public affitirs, ib. tho
state of affairs at court in
1640. 260. which was full of
faction, 253. correspondence
between the court and some
officers of the army, 428,
464. (see Army.) court at Ox-
ford, its state of scarcity and
po\'erty in 1645- v. 84. conrt,
very tyrannical in bishop \Var-
burton's estimation, W. iv. 113.
and abandoned, vi. 82.
Courtney, sir "\Villiam, v. 190.
Crane, sW ir - iiL 252, 626.
Cranfeild, Lionel, (see earl of
l\Iiddlesex, )
Craven, 'Villiam lord, afterwards
earl, v. 454. under restraint
for his loyalty, iv. 630.
Crawfurd, Ludovick Lindsay, fif-
teenth earl of, iv. 126, 130,
608. was of an inveterate ha-
tred to the marquis of Ha-
nlilton, ii. 576. one of those
who accused hin1 of treason,
iv. 628. taken prisoner at
the battle of 'V orcester, VI.
57 6 .
Crawfurd, earl of, (see earl of
Lindsay. )
Crea.
h, John, mayor of Lime-
, rick, viii. 141.
Creagh, Pierce, alderman of Li-
merick, viii. 141.
Creed, major, \7ii. 37 J, 431.
Crequy, duke of, vii. 286.
Creswell, sergeant, iii, 407.
Crew, - i. 483. ii. 452. one
of the parliament commission-
ers to treat at Uxbridge, v. 36.
notice of him, 76. \Va::; in fa-
U3

I N D :E X.

your of the self-denying ordi-
nance, 90.
Crisp, sir Nicholas, UTe iv. 68.
one of the citizens of London
who resorted to the king at
Oxford, iv. 63. notice of hi tn, ib.
Crofts,'Villiam, (afterwards lord,)
ii:. 187. vi. 69, 569. (as lord,)
Vll. 97.
Cromwell, !-Ieury, vii. 475. W. \'ii.
2 I 1,292. made by his father lord
lieutenant of Ireland, vii. 34,
2 I I. very popular there, 104,
316. submits to the parlianlcnt,
contrary to their expectations,
and resigns his lieutenancy,
3 15, 3 16. bishop 'Varburton
calls him and his brother pol-
troons, TV. vii. 3 16.
Cromwell, Olh.er, ii. 42. v. 15,
7 8 , 14 0 , 143, 16 9, 4 8 4, 4 8 5,
49 8 , 499, 5 0 3, 5 06 , 5 I 7, 53 2 .
vi. 7, 23,3 2 ,5 1 ,73, 74, 87,
88, 89, 9 0 , 9 2 , 95, 104, I 10,
118, ] ]9,120,123, 124,153,
15 8 ,17 1 , }()3, 194, 21 4,249,
273,277, 28 3,288,29 1 , 294,
3 10 , 35 f , 39 8 ,4 0 5,45 1,457,
45 8 , 4 68 , 47 0 , 475,47 8 ,4 8 4,
4 8 7, 4 88 , 497, 50 I, 5 02 , 545,
546, 547, 60 9, 6] 2. vii. 10,
58, 60, 7 0 , 7 1 , 77, 7 8 , 80,
81, 84, 106, 13 2 , 133, '4 1 ,
Lf.2, 14 8 , 155,15 6 , [67,175,
182, 184,186, 189, 190,230,
24 1 , 24 2 , 245, 25 0 , 253, 27 6 ,
286,290,304,305,309,312,
3 1 7, 3 18 , 3 1 9, 3 20 , 3 2 I, 3 2 4,
325,326,337,341,366,367,
37 2 , 37 8 , 3 8 9, 395, 401, n.
4 2 9, 449, 47 I, 474. viii. 94,
95, 10 4, 10 7, 108, 113, ffT. iv.
24. v. 55 2 . vii. 202, 3 66 , 367,
406, 439. little taken notice
of in parlimnent, 164 I. ii. 42.
his declaration that he would
have left the country, if the
remonstrance against the king
had not passed the commons,

43. appointed to cOl1llnand
the horse of the association
of several counties under the
earl of l\lanchester, iv. 465.
wounded at the battle of
l\larston-moor, 510. charges
the earl of l\Ianchester with
cowardice, v. 13. who charges
hin1 with designs against the
parliament, 14. he and Vane
and Ireton leaders of the inde-
pendents, 16, 89, 345. his
speech in favour of the self-
denying ordinance, 23, 89. as-
sures parliament that sir rr.
Fairfax was fully equal to be
their genera), 37. W. in IDe..
how he retains his commission
notwithstanding the self-deny-
ing ordinance, v. 133. and new
luodels the army, ib. COU1-
manded the right wing of the
Il(Irse at the battle of Naseby,
183. observation on the disci-
pline of his aud l?airfax's
troops, 185, w. in loco takes
'Vinchester and Basing, V. 337.
his friendship with cardinal
l\iazarine, 4 [4. vi. 248. vii.
80, 229. instigates the army
against the parlimnent, v. 428.
declared head of the army,
430. his behaviour at first in
the 1l1utinies of the army a-
gainst parlianlent, 434. frus-
trates the parliament's inten-
tion of seizing 11im by return-
ing to the army, 435, 43 6 .
appeared in the council of of-
ficers, 441. l<"'airfax entirely re-
signed himself to him, 445.
his behaviour to the king, ib.
the army w holly disposed to
his designs, 454. the earl of
l\Ianchester particularly odious
to him, 464. \'isits the king
oftener at I--Iampton Court,
470. he and Ireton, who steer-
ed the whole council of offi-

INDEX.

cers, resolved never to trust
the king, nor to do any thing
towards his restoration, 484,
485, JV. in loco hé and Ireton
at least outwitted Ashburnham
with respect to the king, v. 494,
501. whom he afterwards im-
prisoned, ib. fearful lest the
agitators, by whose means he
had effected his designs, should
no longer be controlled by
him, 504. suppresses a tumult
of the levellers, 505. his speech
against the king in parliament,
on his refusing to pass four
acts sent to him by parlia-
1l1ent, 5 I 2. his Ineeting with
his officers, wherein they de-
sign the I..ing's destruction,
514. he made every thing,
right or wrong, subservient to
his ends, 543. observations on
his conduct as subservient to
his own ends, 545, U: in loco
\Vasa great preacher, v. 554. got
lord Lisle sent lord lieutenant
into Ireland, vi. 3. opposes sir
'V. 'Valler's being appointed
to succeed lord Lisle, 4. and
proposes Lambert, ib. the mar-
quis of Argyle makes a fast
friendship with him and Vane,
8. foreseeing a war with Scot-
land, he nevertheless did not
garrison Berwick or Car1i
Ie,
5 I. owing to his perfect con-
tempt for the Scotch, 52, U:
in loco advances against them, vi,
58,59. leaving Ireton to watch
Fairfax and the army in Kent,
62. defeats sir 1\1: Langdale
near Preston, 74. and routs
duke IIamilton at U xeter, 75,
7 6 . marches into Scotland, 9 I.
his declaration of his inten-
tions, 92. is received at Edin-
burgh, 93. returns to England,
leaving his friend Argyle to
settle affairs, 94. endeavours

to pren
nt the parliament fronl
repealing their votes of no
more addresses to the king,
108, 153, n. reasons that
obliged him to be present in
parliament, and to )eave the
siege of Pontefract ca
tle to
Lambert, 109, 110, 152, n.
his great loss in Rainsborough,
1 22. obliged to consent to the
parliament's once more send-
ing comn1issioners to the king,
153, n. the house of peers had
little to do after his return
from Scotland, 2 I 4. he long
after endea\"ollred in vain to
erect a new house of peers of
his own creation, 215. placed
much confidence in Harrison,
who owed his rise to him,
220. outwitted Fairfax, and
made use of hiln in compass-
ing the king's death, 234. em-
ployed and contemned sir J.
Danvers, 235. causes duke
I-Iamilton's petition for his
life to be rejected by the house
of COlnmons, 257. as also the
earl of Holland's, ib. votes
against lord Capel's similar
petition, for the good of the
commOlHvealth, 260. supposed
to have agreed with Argyle
when in Scotland to keep the
king in perpetual imprison..
111ent, 279. was to hm'e been
excepted in Charles II.'s pro-
posed declaration, 322. made
lord lieutenant of Ireland, 344,
346. how brought about, 347,
348. his hypocrisy as to this
appointn1ent, 348. provides
forces for hi
going thither,
349. arrives at Dublin, 350.
viii. 10 I. takes Drogheda byas-
sault, viii. 102. \Vexford betray-
ed to him, 105. why the luar-
quis of Ormond did not fight
his army, I I J. is obliged to
U4

I
D E X.

raise the siege uf \Vaterford,
1[2. and to draw oiffrom Kil-
lænny, 12 I. takes Tredagh by
storm, vi. 395. marches into
l\Inl1ster, 396. Cork betrayed
to him, 397. the whole pro-
vince submits to him, ib. France
grew every day into a closer
correspondence with him, 400.
Christina queen of Sweden ex-
pressed a great esteeul for him,
409. makes great use of the an-
imosities amongst the Irish,
427. gi\'es the Irish leave to
transport themselves into any
foreign prince's service, 428,
432. renloved nunlbers to the
lllOstinland part of Conn aught,
474. what use he had Blade of
the levellers, 432. sent for by the
parliamelltoutoflrcland, leaves
Ireton his deputy, 45 2 , 54 6 .
made general upon Fairfax's re-
signation, ib. the Scots raise an
army againsthim,453. he enters
Scotland, 454. the distress of
his army, 455. entirely routs
the Scots at Dunbar, ib. H'. in
loco enters Edinburgh, vi. 456.
endeavours to fight the king's
army, 489. gains a pass and
gets behind the king, 490. who
thereupon marches into Eng-
land, without his knowing it
till a day afterwards, 491. his
resolutions and counsels upon
this news, 492. orders Lam bert
to follow the king with a body
of the horse, 493. leaves l\Ionk
in Scotland, 493, 578. and fol-
lows the king three days after,
494. defeats him at \V orcester,
5 I 0, 5 I I. supposed by some to
have corrupted Lesley the
king's general, 514- an argu-
ment against it, 5 I 5. returned
in triumph to London, and re-
ceived with uni\.ersal joy, 5 I 6.
discountenances the presbyte-

rians from the time of his be-
ing chosen general, 554. causes
several high courts of justicc to
be erected, 556. grie\7cd and
vexed at the escape of l\Iid-
dlcton and l\Iassey, 577.
Saint-John his confident, 595.
never zealous for the war wi th
the Dutch, but governed in it
hy Saint-John, 607. bishop
\Varburton's observation on
his conduct respecting this
war, UT. vii. 2. his succes-
:ies abroad, vi. 608-6J 4- his
reason fur keeping the better
quarter with cardinal l\laza-
rine, 6 I I. Ireton by his obsti-
nacyoften prevailed-over CrOln-
well, 612. and was
o thorough
a republican, that had he lived
he would have opposed his
schemes, 613. the parliament
not so obedient to hin} as he
expected, vii. 2. he erects an-
other council of officers who
expostulate with them about
their dissolution, 3. he and they
dissolve them, 6. his behaviour
on this occasion, 7. his decla-
ration to the peoplf', ib. what
would have been the conse-
quence had not Cromwell now
Inade himself a tyrant, I I. he
and his council choose a new
parliament, 12. calls them to-
gether by his own warrant, 13.
and de1ivers then1 an instru-
Inent for theil' authority, 14.
they deliver up their power to
him, 17. he is made protector
bv his council, ib. and by Lam-
bert's support, 366. i';stalled
according to an instrument of
government, 18. takes an oath
to observe it, ib. proclaimed,
19. entertained by the city, 20.
his fleets twice victorious
against the Dutch, 21,
3.
his reception of the Dutch

I N D E X.

com missioners, 22. makes peace
with them, 25. makes Portugal
send an ambassador for peace,
26. prosecutes the king's party,
ib. general discontents in the
nation against him, ib. a high
court of justice erected fOf the
better establishment of his em-
pire, to try persons accused of
holding correspondence with
Charles Stuart, 28. has the
brother of the Portuguese all1-
bassador beheaded for a mur-
der, 3 I, 32. makes his son
Henrv lord lieutenant of Ire-
land, "'34, 211. disputes among
his own party, 34. especially
the levellers, ib. calls a parH a-
ment after a new method, 35.
substance of his speech to them,
36. chooses Lenthal their
speaker, 37. his speech to then1
upon their questioning the va-
lidity of his government, 39.
admits none into the house but
such as subscribed an engage-
ment to him, 40. clissolve8
them, 4 I. his conduct with re-
spect to \Vildman, 42, 43. and
with respect to Lilburn, 45-
4 8 . his treaty with l?rance, 49.
his friendship coveted by Spain,
50, 100. falsely suspected of
having poisoned the princess
Elizabeth, 86. allows the duke
of Gloucester to transport him-
self beyond sea, 87. state of
affairs relating to him and his
army, 100, 109. Lambert
thought to be before hinl in
the army's affections, 103.
l\Ionk had the absolute com-
mand of Scotland, and was his
rival already, 104. manifesta-
tion of the general aversion to
his governr
ent, 137. alarmcd
at the risin
at Salisbury, 14 2 .
his proceedings after its failure,
'44. all the kinf('s designs be-

trayed to hinl by l\Ianning,
149. his advantage by the ris-
ings of the king's party, 160.
his order for decimating the
property of the king's party,
161. his declaration in justifi-
cation, 162. the decimation ex-
ceedingly lucrative, 165. this is
denied by bishop "Tarburton,
W. in loco the king caused an
answer to be made to the decla-
ration, vii. 165. which obliged
the nation to look upon Crom-
well as a detestable enemy, who
was to be removed by any way,
ib. on this bishop 'Varburton
observes that his assassination
was projected and encouraged
by the royal family, W. vii. 165,
30 I. the condition of Scotland
under him, vii. 168. oflreJand,
169. of England, 17 J. sends out
two great fleets, one under Pen,
the other under Blake, 172,173,
their orders, 176. the marquis
of Leyda sent alubassador by
Spain to him, who after a lnonth
returns to
'landers, 174. bi-
shop \V arburton' s observation
on his policy in preferring an
alliance with France to one
with Spain, IV. in lac. the fleet
under Pen and Venables un-
successful against Hispaniola,
vii. 176. successful at Jamaica,
178. that under Blake prospe-
rous against Algiers and Tunis,
179. unusually discomposed at
the failure at Hispaniola, ib.
commits Pen and Venables to
the Tower, ib. sends recruits to
J anlaica, 1 80. finishes his alli-
ance with France, ib. disturbed
with the divisions in his army,
187. constitutes his major-gé-
nerals, ib. their power, 188.
part of the Spanish' \' e
t India
fleet captured, 189. snmmons a
parliament
J9I. imposesasub-

INDEX.

scription upon the members,
19 I. jealous of Lambert, 192. a
proposition in parliament to
make him king, 194. feelings
of the different parties on this
point, ib. Lambert and his
party oppose this overture, and
some of his own relations, 196.
a committee appointed to con-
fer with him upon it, 197.
their audience with him, ib.
what persons chiefly deterred
him from accepting it, 202. he
refuses it, 203. what would
probably have been the con-
sequence of hi:; acceptance,
ib. bishop "\Varburton's ob-
servation on his policy, W.
vii. 205. is confirmed protector
by the humble petition and
advice of parliament, vii. 205.
contents of the petition, 206.
his speech on passing it,
207. his inauguration, 209. he
adjourns his parliament, 2 I o.
his actions in the interin1, ib.
his daughters disposed of in
marriage, 21 I. allows tl1em, af-
ter the public cerenlonies were
performed, to be privately Inar-
ried according to the form in
the Book of Common Prayer,
21 I, 2 I 2. success of his arms
abroad, 2 J 2. his fleet victori-
ous over the Spanish at Santa
Cruz, ib. buries admiral Blake
with great pomp, 2 I 5. ad-
dresses the parliament on its
nleeting again, 2 I 8. the house
of commons readmit certain
members that had been ex-
cluded, whereby ntany of his
bitterest enemies sat again in
the house, 2 I 8. he dissolves
the parliament, as it was dis-
posed to question his authority,
having spoken to them in vain,
219, 220. turns Lambert out
of the army, 22 I. abridges the

power of his major-general
,
222. acquaints the lord mayor
&c. of the city with a plot of
the cavaliers, and of the mar-
quis of Ormond's being in Eng-
land, 222, 243. apprehends
several persons, 243. his se\'e.
rities towards them, 25 0 , 253.
what was supposed to ha\'e
been pronlised him in his alli-
ance with France, 229. John
Lisle his entire confident and
instrument, 246. finds newene-
Inies amongst the sectaries,
254. Sexby had so great inter-
est with him, that he was fre-
quently his bedfellow, 278.
a familiaritv he often admitted
those to, \
hOn1 he employed
in any great trust, ib. tl)e
French king takes Dunkirk,
and delivers it into the hands
of Lockhart, whom he ap-
pointed governor, 286. his
affairs sometime before his
death, 288. his domestic de-
lights lessened every day, 29 I.
his son }"'a]conbridge's heart
was set upon an interest de-
structive to his, and grew to
hate him perfectly, ib. bishop
'\Varburton's reasons for doubt-
ing this, UT. vii. 2 I I, 29 I. his
daughter Claypole's death the
source of great sorrow to him,
vii. 291. is seized with an
ague, 292. appoints his son
Richard his successor and ex-
pires, ib. a terrible storm on
the day of his death, ib. his
character, 293. hvo instances
of his interest among foreign
princes, 297. conclusion of his
character, 301. bishop \Var-
burton's comparison of him
with Julius Cæsar, If/. vii. 296.
l\lonk had remained firtn to
him, vii. 382. IVlountague com-
pletely gained over by him,

INDEX.

434. the parliament of 1660.
hegin their proceedings with
invectives against him, 478.
anecdotes of Cromwell's guid-
ing Ingoldsby's pen in signing
the death warrant of Charles I.
490. called by bishop 'Varbur-
ton an idle story, and why, W.
in loco
Cronn,yell, Richard, W. vii. 429.
nlade a pri vy counsellor b) the
protector, and cnancellor of the
university of Oxford, having
lived retired before, vii. 2 I o.
appointed by the protector to
be his successor, 292. quiet be-
ginning of his governnlent,
303. calls a parliament, 305.
differences in it, 306. a new
council of officers meet, who
consult about the government,
307. their address to him, 308.
seconded by the city militia,
309. votes of the parliament
upon it, ib. the officers advise
him to dissolve the parliament,
ib. advice to him to the con-
trary, 3 I o. ne issues out a pro-
clalnation to that purpose, 3 1 1.
whereupon he was no longer
regarded as protector, ib. his
assent to the question from
parliament, \vhether he sub-
n1Ïtted to their authority, 3 J 5.
after Charles's restoration he
j
ob1iged to go abroad Oil ac-
count of his debts, 3 16. anec-
rlote of his visit to the prince
of Conti, 3 17. he and his bro-
ther Harry called by bishop
'Varburton, poltroons, U r . vii.
3 16 .
Cromwell, l\Iary, married vis-
count J?alconbridge, vii. 2 J I.
intercedes in vain with her fa-
ther to save Dr. Hewet's life,
253.
Cromwell, Thon1as, fourth lord,
earl of Ardglass in Ireland, one

of the lurdd who signed the
letter to the privy-council and
conservators of the peace in
Scotland, iv. 632.
Crook, justice, i. 523.
Cropredy-bridge, fight at, iv. 500.
Crown, jewels of the, the parlia-
ment's order against pawning
them, iii. 46.
Cumberland, Henry Clifford, last
earl of: one of the lords who
signed the declaration that the
king had no intentions of war,
iii. 7 I, 572. invested by the
king with the command in
Yorkshire at the request of the
gentry, 184, 619. his charac-
ter, 185, 440. iv. 5 J 8. one of
those excepted against by par-
liament from being included
in any conditions of peace, iii.
239. offers to give up the com-
mand in Yorkshire to the earl
of Newcastle, 44 I.
Cunningham, - iv. 436.
D
Dacres, lord, one of the few
peers who attended parlia-
ment at the end of 1643. iv.
4 0 3, 63 0 .
DallJeer, - dissuaded the earl
of Essex fl.om pursuing the
king after the battle of Edge-
hiB, W. iii. 299. the earl of
Holland chiefly depended on
him in his rising at Kingston,
vi. 96. killed at St. Neot's,
9 8 .
Dalkeith, lady, (Agnes Keith) af-
terwards countess of 1\lorton,
v. 158, n. governess to princess
Henrietta, iv. 525. carried her
secretly into }'rance to the
queen, v. 47 I, n. vii. 84.
Da
by, Henry Danvers
earl of,
VI. 235.
Danvers, sir John, notice of, vi.
235.
Darcy and Conyers, Conyers lord l

I N D E X.

onc of the lords who signed
the lctter to the privy council
and conservators of the peace
in Scotland, vi. 632.
Darcy, l\Iarmaduke, vii. 13 8 , 145.
Darrnstadt, (see Hesse Darrn-
stadt. )
Dartmouth taken by prince lVlau-
rice, iv. 322.
Davenant, sir \Villiam, sent from
the queen to Charles I. to per-
suade him to give up the church,
v. 4 I I. rebuked by Charles for
speaking slightingly of the
church, 412. styled by bishop
\" arburton a poet and a de-
bauchee, rv. v. 41 1 .
Dausk, captain, iv. 387, 388.
Dean, admiral, 1V. vii. 2 17. ori-
ginally a common lnariner, ap-
pointed with two others to the
comlnand of a fleet bv Crom-
well, vii. 2 I. killed in- an en-
gagenlent with the Dutch, 22.
Debates in the council at Oxford,
how the lords who went over
frOIn the parliament to tlle
king should be received, iv.
197. in the prince of\Vales's
council concerning his going to
France, v. 399.
Declaration of some nlinisters
against tbe government of the
church by bishops, i. 356. of
the commons touching their
five members accused of trea-
son by the king, ii. 156. of
both houses of parJian1ent to
the king respecting the causes
of their fears and jealous-
ies, 274. his answer, 287.
his declaration from York,
l\Iarch, 9, 16 41. 3 02 . his an-
swer to the parliament's de-
claration and votes concerning
Hull, 389. the declaration of
the two houses about tlte luili-
tia, l\lay 5, 1642. 404. the
king's declaration in answer,

409- the two houses' declara-
tion concerning a reformation
of the liturgy, 421. the decla-
ration or remonstrance of the
lords and con1nlons, l\Iay 19,
16 4 2 . 448. and l\lay 26. 504.
the king's answer to that of
l\iay 19. 538. and to that of
l\lay 26. iii. I. his declaration
to the lords attending him at
York, June 13. 69. his decla-
ration of June 15. disavowing
any intention of war, 70. the
declaration of the lords and
counsellors to the same ef-
fect, 71. the king's declaration
thereupon, 72. the parlimnent's
declaration to the city upon a
letter fronl the king to the lord
llJayor and aldermen, 93. the
king's reply, 94. the two houses'
declaration to the kingdom,
2 15. and to the subjeets of
Scotland, 305. the king's lues-
sage to the privy council of
Scotland upon occasion of this
declaration, 344. the two
houses' declaration concerning
their general's acceptable ser-
vice, 335. the substance of
their declaration to the states
general of the United Provinces,
354. theking's declaration upon
occasion of the former ordi-
nance of the rnilitia, 374. and
after his victories over lord
Fairfax in the north, sir \V.
\Valler in the west, and the
taking of Bristol, iv. 156. an
extract of the declaration of
the kingdOln of Scotland, 404

and of England and Scotland,
407. the substance of the de-
claration of the lords and com-
mons at O:xford, 419. the par-
liament's declaration upon the
resolutions of the council of
officers, v. 433.aftcrwards rased
out of their books, 434. parlia-

I
D E X.

ment's vote of no more ad-
dresses seconded by a declara-
tion, 515. l\1r.l\Iaynard's ar-
gument against it, 516. its ef-
fects on the luinds of the peo-
ple, 518. the declaration of the
army about changing the frame
of governn1ent, vi. 182. another
of the army sent to the house
of commons, 204. declaration
of the marquis of l\lountrose in
Scotland, 412. of the Irish Ro-
nmn catholic bishops, viii. 160,
161, 171. Cron1weU's declara-
tion to justify his decimating
the property of the king's
party, vii. 162. a declaration of
the council of officers to re-
store the long parliament, l\lay
6, 1659. 312. the declaration
of sir G. Booth and sir T.l\lid-
dleton, who had seized on
Chester for Charles II. 332.
Charles II. 's declaration sent
witli his letter to the house
of commons, 462. declaration
of the king's party at this
time, which had grèat effèct,
471-
Deering, sir Edward, ii. 474.
brings in a bill into the house
of commons for extirpating
bishops, deans, anù chapters,
&c. i. 416. which is laid by,
4 18. re\'Ï\red and committed,
482. laid aside, 484.
Deineourt, or Dencourt, Francis
Leake, lord, afterwards earl of

carsdale, anecdote of an ap-
plication nlade to him for mo-
ney for the king, iii. 247-
250. one of the lords who
signed the letter to the privy-
council and conservators of
the peace in Scotland, iv.
633,
Denbigh, 'Villiam Fielding, first
earl of, served as a volunteer
at the battle of Edge- hill, iii.

"

272. died in consequence of
the wounds he received at
Broll1ichanl, iv. 32.
Denbigh, second earl of, (see
lord Fielding.)
DCl
mark, Christian IV. king of,
VI. 410.
Denmark, Frederick III. king of,
favourably disposed to Charles
II.'s cause, vi. 409. why un-
able to give him nluch pecu-
niary aid, 410. not so lunch
esteellled, because not so nluch
feared as his father, ib.
Denny
lord, i. 109.
Denny, fIonora, married vis-
co
nt Doncaster, afterward5;
earl of Carlisle, i. 109.
Derby, seventh earl of, (see lord
Strange. )
Derby, (Charlotte de la Tre-
mouille,) countess of, vi. 517.
Desborough, - vi. 539, 54 0 .
opposed CrollnveU's being
made a king, vii. 196. tells Ri-
chard Cromwell that he could
not have both the parliament
and the army his friends, and
therefore he 1;1USt choose which
he would have, 310. appoint-
ed cOllunissary -general of the
horse by the officers of the
army, 372, one of the COlU-
mittee of safety constituted by
the army, 375.
Deserters, observations re
pect-
ing, iv. 335.
Design discovered at London, bv
which 1\lr. 'Valler, 1\11'. 1"001'-
kins, and others llleant to
benefit the king, iv. 57. the
real project, 6 I. a vow and
coveuant taken by parliament
on its discovery, 7 I, 72. and
throughout the city and army,
74. 1\11'. Tomkins and 1\11'.
ChaloneI' executed, 75. tlw
design not carried on also at
Oxford, as pretended, ill.

I N D E X.

Devizes besieged by sÜ' \V. Wal-
ler, iv. 129.
D
vonshire, l\iountjoy, earl of,
1. I 10.
Devonshire, 'Villiam Cavendish,
third earl of, one of the lords
who signed the declaration
that the king had no inten-
tions of war, ii i. 7 I. 57 I. and
of those who signed the letter
to the privy-council and con-
servators of the peace in Scot-
]and, iv. 632.
De 'Vit, John, pensioner of Hol-
land, and of the greatest in-
fluence in the public counsels,
vi. 604. an avowed enemy
to the prince of Orange, ib.
his advice against Charles IL's
joining the Dutch in their war
with Cromwell, ib. bishop \Var-
burton's observation on it. W.
in loco
D'Ews, lieutenant-colonel, killed
at Reading, iv. 27.
Differences arise between the
parliament and the army, V.
4 28 .
Digby, George lord, afterwards se-
cond earl of Bristol, i. 329. ii.
93, n. 128, 13 6 , n. iii. 234, 235,
628. iv. 529. v. 9, 17 2 , 299, (as
earl of Bristol) vii'9 6 . 277. viii.
7 I. W. i. 4 0 5. ii. 99, 100, iv.
570. opposes the bill of attain-
der against the earl of Straf-
ford, though not his friend, i.
406. much trusted by the king,
ii. 99. his character, 99, 101.
iv. 474. v. 371. W. in loco no-
tice of his going over to the
court party, ii. 100. inst.ru-
Dlental in promoting lord Falk-
land, sir John Colepepper, and
Mr. Hyde to the king's fa-
vour, ib. his ill advice enables
the violent party in the com-
n10ns to recover then1selves,
when they had nearly ruined

their own cause, 122. advises
the king to accuse certain
n1en1bers of parliament of
treason, 128, 129. his con-
duct on the occasion, 129. ad-
vises the king to go to the
city after them, where they
had taken refuge, 129, 13 0 .
llis offer to seize them himself:
130. all the king's imprudent
n1easures as to these Iuembers
imputed to him, 162. the most
universally odious man in the
kingdon1, ib. accused of high
treason by the house of con1-
mons upon pretence of his le-
vying war at Kingston, though
he had retired abroad, 17 I.
certain of his letters opened
by the COffiInons, 256. ex-
pressions against the parlia-
ment in theIn, 257. mention
respecting hin1 in several con1-
nUlnications between the king
and the parliament, 2ï7, 307'-,
3 1 7, 3 88 , 4 8J , 4 82 , 5 21 , 524,
53 0 , 5 60 , 5 6 5. iii. 409. parti-
culars of his return to Eng-
land in disguise, of his cap-
ture and escape through sir
John Hotham's connivance,
iii. 160, 59 I, 609. pers nades
sir John to favour the king's
cause, 166, 600. his feeling
towards his father, 546. W. in
loco wounded at the siege of
Litchfield cathedral, iv. 35.
his purpose in being of this
party was to pay court to the
queen, W. in loco his fortunate
escape from an accident, iv.
233. one of the lords who signed
the letter to the privy-council
and conservators of the peace
in Scotland, 632. one of those
appointed to examine into the
charges brought against the
duke Hamilton, 433. is Il1uch
consulted by the king on

I N D E X.

Illilitary affairs, (being now se-
cretary of state,) 47 I, 526. his
ascendencv over sir John Cole-
pepper, 474. UT. in loco lord
'Vilmot's hostility to him,
iv. 473, 49 8 , 5 2 7, 528. whose
arrest was owing to hiln ac-
cording to bishop 'V arb urton,
W. iv. 532. prince Rupert his
great enemy, v. I. his and
Goring's motives in becoming
friends, 10. the king given to
understand, that the parlia-
ment would not treat if he
was one of the commissioners,
3 I. 'IV. in loco furthers the
project of the earl of Antrim's
transporting troops from Ire-
land, and joining the earl of
l\:1onntrose in Scotland, v. 96,
101, 102, 104, 105, 109. was
the principal cause of the
king's revoking prince Ru-
pert's commission, having the
chief influence on the king's
councils, 287. advises that the
king should retire to Newark,
289, 29 I. charged by bishop
'Varburton with being the
cause of the king's irresolution
about this time, UT. v. 246.
and contrives to get himself
appointed lieutenant-general
of an the forces raised north
of the Trent, v. 29 J , 292.
marches to Doncaster, 292.
routed at Sherborne, 293. ob-
servations on this circunl-
stance, 294. after his enter-
prise and disbanding in Scot-
land, went into Ireland, 370.
arri ves at J ersev fron1 thence,
372. and tries t
persuade the
princ
of '''ales to go into
Ireland, 3i3, 374. thence goes
into }"'rance to persuade the
queen to approve of this step,
rather than of the prince's go-
ing into }'rance, 375. his

transactions there with the
queen and cardinall\:1azarine,
, ib. which alter his views, and
he returns to Jersey to per-
suade the prince to go into
France, 379,382,398,400. his
arguments for this step, 402.
Charles II. partly estranged
fron1 him, by :àIr. Elliot, vi.
334, 335. against whonl he
had prejudiced Charles I. 337.
(as earl of Bristol) ser\"es as
a lieutenant-general in the
French army, vii. 96. ordered
to leave France, 230. ('mnes
to Bruges to the king, 23 I.
don Juan exceedingly preju-
diced against him, ib. ingra-
tiates himself with him not-
withstanding, 232. instrumen-
tal in recovering St. Ghislain
to the Spaniards, 233. per-
suades the chancellor of the
exchequer to accept the great
seal, 237. attends the king to
Calais, 330. and afterwards to

-"uentarabia, 347, 348. per-
suades him to turn aside into
Spain, 358. at Fuentarabia he
removes all don Lewis de Ha-
ro's prejudice against him,
who takes him to l\Iadrid to
be received into the Spanish
service, 361. resigns the sig-
net, on turning a Roman ca-
tholic, 454. bishop \Varbur..
ton's observation on the man-
ner in which lord Clarendon
has drawn the character of
this his lHortal enemy, UT. i. 5.
v. 37 I. vii. 34 8 .
Digby, colonel, afterwards gene-
ral sir John, iii. 201, 226. iv.
169' v. 303, 304. vi. t 18,
J 19, 124, 126. as sheriff of
N ottinghamshire collects forces
for the king, iii. 194, 199.
cOlnmanded the horse at the
battle of Stratton, iv. 99. routs

I N D E X.

the parli31uenfs forces at Tor-
rington, 216-218. Barnstable
and Bediford yielded to hin1,
219. appears before Plymouth,
315, 320. where he is joined
by prince l\:1aurice, 323- who
afterwards left him to block up
the town, 569. v. 204, n. 255,
25 6 , 273. where he is danger-
ously wounded, iv. 570. v. 214.
Digby, Kenelm, the eldest son
of sir Kenelm, killed at St.
Keot's, vi. 98.
Dillon, sir Lucas, viii. 35, 140,
19 2 .
Dillon, Tbomas, viscount of Cos-
tello, or Costeloe, iiL 472,
473, 474. viii. 93.
Discontents in the nation, 1654.
vii. 26.
Di\res, sir Lewis, ii. 123, 382, 11.
v. 209, wounded in a renconn-
tel' ne:],r 'Vorcester, iii. 235,
236, 625. unable to retain
l\ewport Pannel, iv. 314,
3 [5. made commander in chief
of Dorsetshire, 575. surprises
'Veymouth
v. 6j, 68, 138.
able to keep the rebels out of
a small part of the country
only, 139.
Divisions in the parliament, 1644.
v. 12.
Doddington, sir Francis, iv. 544.
Doleman, - h
. 582, 586.
Doncaster, viscount, (see earl of
Carlisle. )
Donnington castle, once the re-
sidence of Chaucer, v. 237.
garrisoned by colonel Boys, ib.
relieved from a siege by the
king, 57 8 , 579.
Dorchester surrendered to the
king's forces, iv. 213.
Dorchester, marquis of, (see vis-
count Newark.)
Dorchester, viscount, (see sir D.
Carleton. )
Dorislaus, - LL. D. an agent

of the parlianlent killed at the
Hague by some Scottish men,
vi. 297, 42 J ,
Dorset, Richard Sackville, third
earl of i. 107.
Dorset, Edward Sackville, fourth
earl of, ii. 85' iii. 622, 262,
628, 287, n. his character, i.
106, 107. killed lord Bruce in
a duel, ib. one of the lords who
signed the declaration that the
king had no intentions of war,
iii. 7 I, 57 I. one of those that
carried the king's 111essage for
peace to the parliament, 206,
62 I. one of the lords who
, signed the letter to the privy-
council and conservators of the
peace in Scotland, iv. 632.
Dorset, fifth earl of, (see lord
Buckhurst. )
Dorset, lVIary Curzon, countess
of, i. 106. three of Charles L'g
children intrusted to her care
by hinI, v. 453, 4ïI, '/l.
D
rt, synod of
observatíon upon,
1. I J 4.
Doucet, -- employed to aiù
the king's attempt at an escape
from the Isle of \Vight, \ri.
195-]"97.
Do\?er, Henry Carey, first earl of,
one of the lords who signed
the declaration that the ling
had no intentions of war, iii.
72, 57 I. senred as a volullteer
at the battle of Edge-hill, 272.
one of those who signed the
letter to the privy-council and
conservators of the peace in
Scotland, iv. 632.
Dover, earl of, (see viscount
Rochford. )
Douglass, sir Joseph, vi. 270.
Downing, Dr. one of the parlia-
ment chaplains, iii. 339. 11". in
loco (see l\larshall.)
Drake, sir li'rancis, his estates
in Devon granted by the

I
D E À.

king to sir H.. Greenvil, v. 2 14,
220.
Drogheda taken by lord Inchi-
quiu, \.iii. 50. Jones obliged by
the Inarquis of Ormond to re-
tire from bcsieging it, 101.
taken by Cromwell, 102.
Dromore, Fr. Oliver, titular bi-
shop of, viii. 154, 157, 159,
19 2 .
Duhlin, reasons for putting it into
the hands of the English ra-
ther than the Irish
viii. 50.
the nlarquis of Ormond con-
strailled to delh'er it up to the
English rebels, 57. vindication
of this step,58. Dublin blocked
up by the marquis
\'i. 344.
viii. 88. his arnlY beat in a
sally, vi. 345, 350. he retires
before Cronnvell's arrival, 350.
Dublin, Launcelot Bulkeley, arch-
bishop of, iv. 393.
Dublin, 'I'homas, titular archbi-
shop of, viii. 15 I.
Dunbar, Cromwell entirely routs
the Scots there, vi, 455.
])nnhar, IIenrv Constable, first
earl of, ki
g James's first
Scotch fm,'ourite, instrumental
to the rise of archbishop Ab-
bot, i. 156.
DUllcomb, colonel. iii. 437.
I>Ul

alk t.aken by lord Illchiquin,
\'Ill. 92.
Dunkirk besieged by the French
arm)', vii. 280. the Spanish
nnder don Juan defeated by
marshal Turenne, 283. the
town s urrendereJ to the l''''rench,
286. thë French king deJi\'ers
it to the English, ib.
Dunsmore, ,Francis Leigh, af-
terwards earl of Chichester,
one of the commissioners to
treat with the Scots at Rippon,
i. 274. one of the lords v.;ho

,i
ned the declaration that the
ki
}g had no intcntions of war,
iii. 72, S 7 I. notice of his cha-
VOI
. VIII.

ra('ter, 547. one of the lords
who signed the letter to the
fJri '-y council and conservators
of the peace in Scotland, iv.
633. (as earl of Chichester)
one of the king's commission-
ers to treat at Uxbridge, v. 37.
notice of his creation as an
earl, 38.
Dunstar castle taken by the 111ar-
quis of Hertford, i\r. 110.
Duppa, Brian, bishop of Salis-
bury, v. 20 I, n. 202, 'lZ. 259.
tutor to the prince of 'Vales,
(Charles II.) 23 1 . 259.
Duresme (Durham) bishop of,
(see T. l\Ioreton.)
Dusseldorp, vii. I 15, I 16, II i.
Dutch war, (see Holland.)
E.
Earl, sir '''alter, i. 347, n. 111.
202. Ï\'. 2 13.
Earles, Dr. vi. 37. vii. 15 0 .
Earnly, sir Michael, governor of
Shrewsbury, killed when the
town was betrayed to the par-
liament, \'. 67.
Echard, Laurence, 1fT. ,'ii. 202.
EdgecOlub, -- \7. 3 1 5.
Edge-hill, 01. Keinton, particulars
of the battle of, iii. 273, 630.
Edinburgh, bishopric of, erected
by Charlps I. i. 152. di
liked
by the people, 154.
Edinburgh, bishop of, (see "y.
Forbes. )
Edward the confessor, iii. 18.
Edward III. i. 395, ii. 395, 4 6 9,
513,514, 5 2 7, 5 28 . iii. 16, 28,
31,147,353. iv. 338. "Í. 161.
Edward IV. i. 462. iii. 36.
Edward VI. i. 393, 397. iii. 3 6 3.
Elector palatine, Charles Louis,
nephew of Charles I. ii. 383,
385. well recei ved in London
by the parliamcnt, iv. 44 T.
442. what hopes he entertained
aecording to bishop ,,, arbllr-
ton, 1V. in loco 1r. ,'ii. 120.
notice of his former \'isit 10

I N D E X.

England, and abrupt depar

ture,iv. 441. did not contribute
to the subsidy granted to
Charles II. by the diet in Ger-
many, vii. 106. nor notice him
whil;t resident at Cologne, 120.
Elizabeth, queen, i. 5, 9 6 , 298,
3 12 , 3 1 5, 39 6 , 4 20 , 49 6 , ii.
3 0 5, 4 1 7. iii. 12, 363, 516,
552. vi. 144, 253. the felicity
of the times before the long
parliament of Charles com-
pared with her reign, i. 13 I.
\Varburton's con1n1ent, U T .
i. 132. Mary queen of Scots'
death an unparaHeled act of
blood, i. 132.
Elizabeth, princess, daughter of
Charles I. notice of, v. 473.
her father's advice to her,
-ib. comn1itted by the parlia-
ment to the care of the coun-
tess of Leicester, vii. 85. and
afterwards to captain l\lildmay,
at Carisbrook castle, 86. where
she died, ib. the report of
Cromwell's having her poison-
ed false, ib.
Elliot, Thomas, vii. 335, 337.
sent by Charles I. to carry the
great seal frOll1 lord Littleton
to York, ii. 489, 'll. 500. his
own account of the nmtter,
490, 'll. 504. aids in the arrest
of lord 'Vilmot, iv. 529. joins
Charles II. at the Hague, vi.
333. his influence over him, ib.
instigates him against the earl
of Bristol and lord Digby, 334,
335.
Ellison, -- aids in the escape
of Charles II. after the battle
of ,V orcester, vi. 534.
Elv, viscount, (see Loftus.)
Ely, bishop of, (see l\Iatthew
,V ren.)
Emly, titular bishop of, tries to
prevent the surrender of Lime-
rick to Ireton, viii. 223. is
hanged
226.

Emperor of Germany, Ferdinand
II. i. 37, 58.
En1peror of Germany, Ferdinand
III. vi. 375, n. vii. 50. did not
contribute to the subsidy
granted by the diet in Ger-
lllany to Charles II. vii. 106.
England, (see Charles I. Charles
II. Cromwell, and Parliament.)
Episcopacy, P)'m, Burton, and
Bastwick its most notorious
opponents, i. 166. declaration
and petition in parliament
against episcopacy, 356. a bill
brought into the commons for
extirpating bishops, deans, and
chapters, i. 416, 536. laid by,
4 18. revived and conul1itted,
482. again laid aside 484. a
new bill brought into parlia-
111cnt to take away bishops'
votes, ii. 24, 82, 103, n. epi-
scopacy abolished in Scotland,
36. petition of apprentices
against prelates, 83. expedients
of the commons for procuring
the assent of the lords to the
abolition of episcopacy, iii.
401, 402, 498. a covooant for
the extirpation of prelacy pro-
posed by the Scots between
the two nations, and agreed to,
iv. 274-280. copy of it, 280,
ordered to be generally taken,
285, 338. it's passing the par-
liament chiefly owing to sir 1-1.
Vaue the younger, 291. Char)e

II.'s adherence to episcopacy
considered by bishop 'Varbllr-
ton to arise entirely from poli-
tical considerations, U':. vi.
401. divine right of episco-
pacy, bishop 'Varburton's opi-
nion against, 1fT. v. 56. vi. 168.
Erasmu
, iii. 232.
Erskin, sir Charles, one of the
parliament's commissioners to
treat at Uxbridge, Y. 37.
Espernon, duke of, vi. 359, 1l.
IV. i. 68. c0l11plaints and pro-

INDEX.

ceedings against, by the city of
Bourdeaux, where he was go-
vernor, vi. 357, 358.
Essex, colonel Charles
iii. 202.
notice of, 29 0 , 293, 297.
Essex, sir 'Villiam, iii. 293.
Essex, Robert De\'ereux, third
earl of, i, 217,372,486,487.
ii. 18, 579, 73, 606, 272. iii.
12 7,15 6 , 157, 173s 179,618,
188, n. 189, 2 I I, 226, 234,
242, 625. 626,627, 628, 262,
268, 26 9, 277, 279, 28 4,63 6 ,
288, 289, 29 0 , 299,300,301,
3 02 ,3 18 , 3 1 9, n. 3 21 , 325,
331,335,340,374,382,384,
394, 4 1 5, 4 18 , 439, 44 2 , 45 2 ,
453, 454,466,468,471,472,
4 8 4, 49 1 , 5 1 9, 537, 55 6 , and
'J1. iv. 20, 27, 30, 41, and '/1.
44, 50, 80, 82, 87, 94, 95,
106,114, ]32,139,182,185,
202, 209, 228,253, 259, 27 2 ,
27
279, 289,6I
345,397,
n. 399,403, 62 9, 4 11 , 4 12 ,
413,420,440,455,458,465,
474, 475, and 7l. 47 6 , 494,
49 6 ,499, 5 0 7, 51 I, n. 5 22 ,
5 2 4, 5 2 7, n. 528, 5 2 9, 536,
53
54
54I, 543,544,559,
560,561,562,573,575,576,
5 82 , 5 8 4. v" 14, 18, 26, 27,
63,68,69,7 2 ,75,7 8 ,84,89,
9 0 , 121, 122, 130,151,185.
nlade lieutenant-general of the
army against the Scotch cove-
nanters, i. 20 I. takes posses-
sion of Berwick, 203, 509. the
corenanters' Jetter to him, 2 I I,
2 I 2. how received, 2 I 2. l11e-
rited well in this expedition,
yet slighted by the king, 220.
not enlployed in the second
expedition, 248, 249. why it
would have been better if he
had, 248, 249, n. an enemy to
the earl of Strafford, and why,
249, 266. one of the commi
-
sioners to treat with the Scots

at Rippon, 274, 275. why
won over by the puritan
, 321.
sworn a privy counsellor, 341.
one of the governing voices in
the house of lords, .'147, 'n. how
far trusted there, 348, n. not
hostile to the church at large,
409. yet in favour of taking
away from the bishops their
temporal power and privileges,
410. l\Ir. Hyde in vain endea-
vours to persuade him that the
earl of Strafford was not guilty
of treason, 425. made lord
cham berlain, 46 I. why he
ought to have been appoint-
ed general to disband the
army, 478. ii. 596. bishop
\Varburton charges the queen
of being the cause of his not
being appointed, UT. in loco
n1ade lieutenant-general south
of the Trent during the king's
visit to Scotland, i. 489. one of
the conllnittee of the house of
lords appointed to sit during
the recess, ii. 9. appoints a
guard for the security of the
parliament, 19, 578. was trust-
ed with the earl of St. Alban's
proxy, and often voted one way
himself, giving the proxy the
other way, as he knew it was
the mind. of him who trusted
him, 590. resigns his commis-
sion as general on this side
Trent} 63. though lord cham-
berlain, he is dissuaded by the
earl of Holland from attend-
ing the king when he remored
to IIampton-court, 163, 610.
reason of his enmity to the
earl of Newcastle, 243. de-
sired that the proceedings of
parlianlent should be n10re mo-
derate 326. his deprivation of
the office of lord chamberlain
for refusing to attend the king
at York, 332, 6JI. one chief
x 2

I N D E X.

cause of the future miseries,
aud why, 330, 613. appointed
general of the parliament's
forces, iii. 122. his object in
accepting the command, 558.
declared a traitor by the king,
6 I o. joins the army at N orth-
ampton, 2J3, 217,222. moves
with it from thence, 233. his
instructions from parlialuent,
23 8 . his house and park at
Chartley ordered by the king
not to he touched by hi

troops, 252, 1l. rm::-rches after
the king, 27 I. the battle of
Keinton, or Edge-hill, 273,
630. vindicated from the asper-
sion of allowing the wounded
earl of Lindsey to die through
a grudge, 285, 288, 'Tl. retires
to 'Varwick castle, 294. con-
dition of his army after the
battle, 298. marches towards
London, 322, 3270 opposes
the king's &rmyat Brentford,
which retires, 329, 330. the
declaration of parlian1ent con-
cernin
his acceptable service,
335. fixes his head quarters at
\"indsor, 384. the marquis of
I-Jertford his particular friend,
having lnarried his sister, 540.
his character, 557. besieges
Reading, iv. 22, 49, n. which
is surrendered on articles, 38,
39. the probable result, had he
thereupon lImrched to Oxford,
48. his conduct at Reading
not satisfactory to his party,
49, 'Il. 50. his army impaired
by sickness, 50, 79, and '11.
marches to Thame, 80. his
horse b
aten by prjnce Rupert,
83. cause of the enmity be-
tween hinl and sir 'V. \Valler,
136. the parliament let him
discern that they had another
general to trust" to by raising
an army under the earl of

1.\1anchester, 190. and try tu
recover him to his former vi-
gour, 19 I. insensibly altered
fronl his n10derate inclinations,
I9I. the consequences, 192.
what use was endeavoured to
be made of him by the mode-
rate party, 206, 207. raises
the siege of Gloucester, 229,
230. and seizes Cirencester in
his return, 2'i 1. after a drawn
battle at Ne;vburv, where the
king had intercept
d his course,
he proceeds to London, 234
-237. his reception there,
238, 257. pretended reconcili-
ation between hin1 and sir 'V.
'Valler, 258. courted popu-
larity too much, 302. removes
his head quarters frOln 'Vind-
SOl' to St. Alban's, 314. letter
to him from the parliament at
Oxford, 400. his answer, di-
rected to the earl of Forth,
403. ne\Oer prospered aftf'r
having taken the covenant and
writing this letter, 409. his
Inovements against Abingdon
and Oxford, 476, n. 4i7, 'Il.
478-487. marches towards
the west, 487. not\vithstand-
iug the orders of parlian1ent,
4 88 ,495. 'Veyn10uth deli,'ered
up to him, 497. he relieves
Lyme, ib. his good fortune
declines, .=; 23. pursued in to
Cornwall by the king, 525.
pays no attention to his over-
tnre of pe
1.ce, 53 0 , 'n. 533,
534. rejects also an o\'erture
frorn the king's officers, 537,
538. his horse troops escape
the king's, his foot surrender
on terms, 53 1 , n. 545, 547.
csc
pes himself to Plyn10Hth
by sea, 531, n. 547. lJe and the
parJiap1ent dissatisfied with
each other, v. T 3. gi\.cs up his
eommi
sion, in consequence of

I N D E X.

the self-denying ordinance,
123,13 J, 13 2 . his death, 429.
bishop \Varburton's censure of
Charles I. for not securing the
earl of Essex to his int
rest,
IV. i. 217. his observations on
the earl's character and con-
duct, i i. I 63, 3 27. i v. 23 I ,
409, 524, 600. and on the
motives that directed his
movements after the battle of
Edge-hill, iii. 299.
Evelyn, sir John, ii1. 322,323.
Everard, sir Richard, viii. 192.
Evers, sergeant, chosen speaker
of the house of commons as-
sembled by Charles I. at Ox-
ford, iv. 396, n.
Evesham taken by the parlia-
ment forces, v. 174.
Eugenio, don, vi. 389.
Ewre, colonel, vi. 203.
Exchequer, by what means ex-
hausted at the beginning of
the reign of Charles 1. i. 6.
expedients for replenishing it,
7, 44.
Excise, imposition ot: hitherto
considered by the :English as
a mark of slavery, and never
feared by themsel Yes, i v . 52.
an excise imposed by the par-
liament at 'Vestminster, iv.
418. and by that at Oxford"
-ib.
Excommunication, a decree of,
against such as adhere to the
late peace, and bear arms for
the heretics of Irela.nd, viii.
3 6 . letter to suspend it, 176.
Excter delivered up to prince
1\Ial1l.ice upon articl

, i v. 2 19.
desig-ns there in favour of

harles II. vii. 323.
Eyres, captain, iv. 146.
..F.
Faction begun in the king's
army, iii. 269.
Fairfax, l?erdinando lord, 11.

397. iii. 49 2 , 49 8 . iv. 15 2 ,
61 8. one of the few who were ,
active for the parliament in
Yorkshire, iii. 186. unmolested
by the king's party, 436. signs
the articles of neutrality agreed
in Yorkshire, 437. reprehended
for it by parlianlent, 43 8 , 439.
1fT. in loco if assisted, would
have been master of 1." ork-
shire, iii. 44 I. Inade general in
ï-r orkshire for the parliament,
44 2 , his operations, 444, 44 6 .
iv. 137, n.
Fairfax, sir Thomas, afterwards
lord, i. 486. iv. 137, n. v. 78,
143, 17 0 , 17 1 ,17 8 , 181,193,
24 1 , n. 25 6 , 26 5, 273, 3 1 3,
3 I 7, 3 2 I, 35 8 , 3 60 , 39 2 , 393,
434, 437, 44 2 , u. 443. vi. 7,
58, 102, 20 5, 254, 255, 34 8 .
1V. vi. 254. one of the few
who were active in Yorkshire
for the parliament, iii. 186. un-
molested by the king's party,
436. presents a petition to
the king at York, which was
not accepted, iii. 575, 578.
first distinguished himself by
defeating colonel Bellasis at
Selby, i\T. 422. defeats lord
Byron at Nantwich, 424, n.
429. wounded at the battle of
l\larstoll-moor, 510. n1ade ge-
neral in the room of the earl
of Essex, v. 13 I. sits down
before Oxford, 175. draws off
again, 180. defeats the king
at Naseby, J 83. his troops
\Vcll disci pli ned, I 85. lV. in loc.
enters Sorflersetshire, v. 207.
dcfeats lord Goring near Lam-
port, 208. having retaken Lei-
cester, 222. takes Bridgewa-
ter, 223. routs 100.d Hopton's
forces at Turrington, 3 14.
thought himself a. presbyterian,
345. bishop \\Tarburton says
his uest rcason for thinking sO
x3

I N D E X.

was because his wife was one,
W. in loe. Ragland bravely
maintained against hinI by the
111arquis of \V orcester, v. 424.
CromweJl now declared head
of the army, though he con-
tinued general in name, 430.
'vas a member of the house
of commons notwithstanding
the self-denying ordinance, ib.
the parliament not jealous of
him, though Cromwell had
the ascendant over him, 435.
did not suspect Crom\vell en-
tertained any wicked designs
against the king, 436. his ac-
count to the parliament of the
king's being seized at Hohn-
by, 439. applies to parlia-
ment for pernlission for the
king to see his children, 453.
,vrit a sharp letter to the par-
liament upon the tumultuous
petition of apprentices and
others to parliament concern-
ing their tnilitia, 461. the city
sends six aldermen. to him,
now with his army on I-Iouns-
low heath, and submits, 467.
he conducts the two speakers
and other members to their
several houses of parliamen
,
469' wished nothing that
Cromwell did, and yet con-
tributed to bring it all to pass,
504. vi. 234. bishop 'Varbur-
ton's conunent on this obser-
vation, W. in loco sent against
the royalists who had risen
in Kent under the earl of
Norwich, vi. 57, 59, 60. be-
sieges them in Colchester,
whither the earl and some of
them had betaken themselves,
60-62. the town delivered
up to him, 99. marches for
London, 204. did not sit in
the court that condemned
Charles I. 234. suppresses a

nlutiny of the levellers, 432.
gives up his conlmission, 452.
possesses himself ofY ork, with
an intention of declaring for
Charles II. vii. 39 2 , 397. dis-
nlisses his troops on finding
Monk not disposed to concur
with hinI, 397. bishop 'Var-
burton's obsen 7 ations on his
character, iv. 524, 535. v.27,
18 5- vii. 367.
Fairfax, (Anne Vere,) lady, her
interruption of the court that
sat in judgment on Charles I.
vi. 233. bishop \V arburton' s
relnark upon her, W. in loe.
Falcon bridge, (Fauconberg, )Tho-
mas Bellasis, first viscount,
iii. 437. iv. 421. one of the
lords who signed the letter to
the privy-council and conser-
vators of the peace in Scot-
land, iv. 632.
Falconbrirlge, Thomas Bellasis,
second viscount, afterwards
earl, 11larried one of Crom-
well's daughters, vii. 21 I. in-
tercedes in vain wi th the pro-
tector to save Dr. Hewet"s
life, 253. hostile to his father-
in-law's interest, 29J. this
doubted by bishop \Varburton,
w. vii. 211,291.
Falkland, Henry Carey, first vis-
count, i. 389. iv. 244, 245.
Falkland, Lucius Carey, second
viscount, ii. 27, 4 2 , 43, 97,
606, 331, 494, n. 497. iii.
621, 212, 21 3, 24 8 , 27 0 , 549,
iv. 69, 70, 222. W. i. 294,
3 0 9, 3 J I, 3 J 4, 4 13. ii. 94,
247, 3 J 3. iv. 224. the only
one in the house of commons
who spoke in favour of the
earl of Strafford, i. 303. cen-
slues lord Finch for being the
prOlnoter of ship-money, 522,
523, 526, UTe i. 31 I. he and
Hyde sat so constantly to-

INDEX.

gether in the huuse of com-
mons, that roonl was always
made for them, 412. declares
in favour of the bill to take
the bishops' votes in parlia-
ment, 4 13. afterwards changed
his opinion, and gave his rea-
son for having supported the
bill, 4 14. ii. 76, n. a saying of
his respecting bishops, 484.
ii. 595. made secretary of
state, ii. 93, 140. his charac-
ter, 94. his scruples about ac-
cepting office, 95. overCOlne
by 1\lr. Hyde, ib. his reasons
for accepting the seals, iv. 248.
classed by the rabble al1l0ng
the disaffected, 103, n. in-
clined through the king's iln-
prudence to take no part in
public affairs, 133. the king
imposes on him the unplea-
sant duty of denlanding the
staffs of office fronI the earls
of Essex aud I-Iolland, 332,
61 J. one of those who signed
the declaration that the king
had no intentions of war, iii.
7 2 , 57 J. one of those ex-
cepted by parliament fronl
luaking their peace on any
terms, 239. present at the
battle of Edge-hill, 630. his
conduct as a soldier, 634.
drew up the king's declara-
tion respecting his advance-
ment to Brentford, 320, n.
slain in the battle of Newbury,
240. further particulars of his
character and condnct, 24 J.
the alteration produced in him
by the war, 2.53.
Falkland, I-Ienry Carey, third
viscount, one of the commit-
tee sent by parliament to
wait upon Charles II. at the
I-Iague, vii. 499.
Failiand, (Elizabeth Taunfield,)
lady, iv. 243.

Fanatics, when this appellation
CaIne to be used, v. 430.
Fanning, Dominic, or Pa-
trick, headed a tumult at
Lilnerick.l viii. 28, 227. and
thereby made the mayor, 29,
222, 227. his fate, 227. vi.
55 0 .
Fanshaw,- v. 2 12, 255, 269,
27 0 , 3 1 9.
Farr, colonel, vi. 6 J, n.
Farrell, - lieutenant-general,
viii. 92, 112, 113, 114.
Fauconberg, (see Falconbridge.)
Featly, Dr. iv. 27 6 , 277.
}"eild, Theophilus, bishop of St.
David's, i. 103.
Felton, John, his situation and
family, i. 47, 48. on what pri-
vate and public grounds hos-
tile to the duke of Bucking-
ham, 48. particulars of his
assassination of the duke, 49.
his behaviour after having ef-
fected it, .5 I-53.
J'ennel, colonel, instrmnental in
betraying Limerick to the re-
bels, viii. 224. yet soon after-
wards hanged by then), 228.
Fennell, Dr. viii. 35, 19 2 .
Ferdinand II. (see Elnperor.)
Ferdinand III. (see Emperor and
king of Hungary.)
Fern, - i. 92.
Fern, Henry, afterwardB bishop
of Chester, one of the king's
cOlnnlissioners to treat at Ux-
bridge in matters relating to
the church, v. 5 I.
Ferté, 1\'1. la Senneterre, the
French ambassador, courts the
parliament, iii& 359. iv. 326.
recalled, iv. 326.
Fettyplace, - iii. 4 I 7.
Fielding, Basil lord, afterwards
seco;)d carl of Denbigh, iii.
156. (a
carl of Denbigh,) vi.
26 I. present on the parliament
side at the battle of Edge-hill,
X4

I N D :E X.

iii. 272. (a

arl of Denbigh,)
one of the few lords who at-
tended parliament, iv. 403,
63 0 . one of the parliament
commissioners to treat at Ux-
bridge: v. 36. notice of him,
74. detested the desperate de-
signs of his party, ib. according
to his own statement, would
have senTed the king, if he
could have materially benefited
him, ib. dispossessed of his
command by the self-denying
ordinance, 13 I, 132. one of the
commissioners sent by the par-
liament to the king about his
passing four acts, 507.
}'ielding, colonel Richard, Ill.
266. iv. 37, 493. the cornmand
devolves upon him at Reading
when besieged by the earl of
Essex, iv. 28. tried for snrren-
dering the place, 42, 45. sen-
tenced to lose his head, 46.
reprie\"ed by the king, but de-
prived of his regiment, ib.
served afterwards as a volun-
teer, ih. and had a principal
command in another army, yet
never recovered this blenlish,
ib. acquitted by lord Clarendon
of any base compliance \vith
the enemy, or of cowardice,
47. evils that arose to the king
from this trial, ib. made cap-
tain of the ship, Constant Re-
formation, vi. 150.
J'iennes, colonel John, iii. 608.
iV.575.
Fiennes, Nathaniel, i. 5 10 . ii. 577,
606. iv. 57,141,147,614. his
character, i. 325. one of the
leading men of his party in
the house of conlmons, 347, n.
one of those for root and
bl.anch, as it was called, 410.
one of the cOlnmiUee appoint-
ed by parlian1ent to acconlpany
Charles I. into Scotland, 494.

routed by prince Itupert near
'Vorcester, iii. 234, 625. his
courage generally disesteemed,
i,'. 14 T, 61 I. surreurlers Bri s-
tol, of which he was governor,
upon articles to prince H upert,
145. tried and condemned for
this surrender, but pardoned,
343. goes abroad in conse-
qnence, 346. keeper of the
great seal to the protector, Ri-
chard Crmu well, vii. 305.
Fifth-monarchv-men, who so call-
ed, vii. 272:
}'inch, sir Jol)n, afterwards lord,
i. 368. ii. 54. Mr. iv. 440. made
ship-Inoney odious by his
speech, i. I2j. first lord chief
justice of the common pleas,
then lord keeper of the great
seal, 129, 23 I. his character,
130. his declaration in favour
of the council-board, 13 I. pre-
judicial to it, ib. one of the
king's counsellors at Y' ork,
280. withdraws beyond sea to
escape impeachme.;t, 3 I 0,.5 22,
525,526. bishop 'Varburton's
observation on this matter, IV.
i. 3 II. lord }'alkland sevt:re
against him, iv. 24.5.
Firmo, J. B. Ranucini, archbishop
of, ( see Nuncio.)
Fisheries on the coasts of Scot-
land and the isles of Orkney, a
source of great trade to Hol-
land, yi. 601.
Fleet, Charles I. raises one against
Scotland, i. 202. revolt of part
of the fleet to the king frOln
Rainsborough, vi. 23. Rains-
borough and some other offi-
cers put on shore by the sea-
men, 31. the revolted ships go
over to Holland, ib. the prince
of ,,, ales is received at the
fleet, 33, factions in it, 33, 63'
the prince comes into the
Downs with it, 36. thence into

I N D E X.

the river Thames, 38, 64. the
parliament prepares a fleet
again
t this under the earl of
'Varwick, 68. the prince re-
turns towards I-Iolland, and
the earl of 'Varn'ick after him,
7 I. the ill condition of the
prince's fleet, 131. the earl of
'Varwick comes with his fleet
on the coast of flolland, 133.
prince Rupert comes with his
fleet on the coast of Spain, 390.
goes into the river of Lisbon,
391. the chief commander of the
parliament's fleet comes on the
Spanish coast, 392. his letter
to the king of Spain, ib. sails
into the river of Lisbon, 393.
requires prince Rupert's fleet
to be delivered up, ib. the
prince escapes with his fleet,
395. a fleet in 16.53. sent forth
under three admirals, vii. 2 I .
beats the Dutch, ib. anù again,
when van Trump is slain
23.
prince Rupert with his fleet
arri\pes at Nantes, 65. a fleet
sent out under Pen, with a land
army under Venables, J 72.
goes to Barbadoes, 175. thence
to Hispaniola, 176. their or-
ders fr0111 Cromwell, ib. Ve-
nabl
s beaten by a few Spa-
niards, 177. succeeds at Ja-
lllaica, 178. returns to Eng-
land, ib. Pen anù Venables
cOl1uuitted to the Tower, 179.
another fleet sent out at the
same time under Blake, 173.
goes into the l\lediterranean,
175. forces Algiers to a peace,
J 79. enters the harbour of
Tunis, and burns their fleet,
ill. Lawson and the fleet de-
clare for the parliament, and
come into the river, 389. the
parliament reforms the navy
by making l\Iunk and l\louu.-
taguc admirals, 432. Charles

II.' s letter to the fleet, 466.
dutifunv received, 480. the
English fleet under l\lountaglle
COlnes on the coast of Hol-
land, 498. the duke of York,
as adn1Ïral, takes possession of
it, ib. the ships new named,
ib. the king embarks for Eng-
land, 504. the fleet sails May 24.
ib. and lands the king at Dover
l\Iay 26. ib.
}'leetwood, Charles, iii. 262, 627.,
vii. 368. originally a trooper in
the earl of Essex's guards, iii.
262. opposed Cromwell's being
luade king, vii. 196. deli\"ers
the address of the council of
officers about the government
to the protector Richard, 308.
sent by the council to advise
him to dissolre the parliament,
309, 310. notice of him, 367-
appointed by parliament one of
the seven commissioners to go-
ven} the army, 370. chosen
general by the ot-licers, 372.
one of the committee of safety
constituted by the army, 375.
his behaviour during sc\'eral
tergiversations of the soldiers
in 1659. 39!. bishop l\'
arbur-
ton's observation respecting
him, 1r. vii. 367.
Fleetwood, si r ì\1 iles, iii. 627.
}'lorence, duke ot: vii. 364.
}1ushing given up by king James
i. I 15.
Forbes, sir Arthur, vii. 476.
Forbes,\Villiam, bishop of Edin-
burgh, notice of, i. J 53. ill
treated by the rabble about the
liturgy, 194.
Ford, sir Edward, v. 498. made
high sheriffofSussex by the king,
and had a regiment of horse,
iv. 426, n. 450. Arundel castle
committed to him, 453. mar-
rieù Ircton's daughter, v. 498.
}'orrcst law
rc\"Ï\'cd, i. I
o. an

I N D E X.

act passed to ascertain the li-
n1its of all forests in England)
501.
Foreign kings and states, inclina-
tions of, in the contest between
the king and parlianlent, iii.
35 8 .
Fortescue, sir Faithful, iii. 281,
47 I. viii. 64. wby he had conle
frOln Ireland, iii. 27 7. deserts
to the king in the battle of
Edge-hill, 278.
Forth, earl of
(see Patrick Ru-
then. )
Foster, justice, iii. 407.
Foulke, - iii. 39 I.
Fountain, -- v. 86, 141.
Fox, Stephen, admitted to nlanage
Charles II.'s nloney upon his
removal fronl F'rance into Ger-
many, vii. 89.
France, i. 493. war precipitately
declared against, 47. its ori-
gin chiefly owing to a private
anlour of the duke of Buck-
inghanl, 67. the feeling of the
country with respect to this
war, 69. peace concluded with
F'rance, and why
6, I 17.
France encourages the disaf-
fected in Scotland against king
Charles, 223. favours the par-
liament against the king, iii.
359. the affairs at France whilst
Charles II. was at Paris, vi.
353. countenanees Cromwell,
400. troubles of the French
court, 1652. 583. a French
fleet seized by the English conl-
]110nwealth, 605. the ]?rench
send an ambassador into Eng-
land, ib. Cromwell's treaty
with France, 49. the French
defeat the Spanish at Dunkirk,
283. Dunkirk is surrendered,
286. and the French king de-
livers it to the English, ib. ob-
servations on this war with

pain, 339- the queen mother

of France designs to put an
end to it by a treaty and n1ar-
riage between the two crowns,
34 0 . she advises cardinall\Ia-
zarine to concur in it, ib. his
arguments against it, ib. why
he afterwards yielded to a
peace, 341. two particulars üf
difficulty in this treaty referred
to a personal conference be-
tween cardinal l\iazarine and
don Lewis de Haro, 343. how
settled, 348.
France, king of, Louis XIV. vi.
353. vii. 286, 341.
France, Anne of Austria, queen
of, iv. 33 0 , 332. v. 347, 349,
35 I, 35 2 , 3 6 4, 55 6 . vi. 353,
355, 4 68 , 4 80 , 4 81 , 5 8 3. vii.
62, 64, 65, 350. the duke of
Buckingham when in France
fell in love with her, i. 67, 1fT.
in loco luade regent, and pro-
fessed to espouse the cause of
Charles I. iv. 325. v. 34 6 , 35 o.
was a very worthy lady, vii.
65. designs to put an end to
the war between }--'rance and
Spain by a treaty and nlar-
riage, 340. advises cardinal
1\1 azarine to concur in it, ib.
who yields at last, 34 I.
Francis I. king of France, vii.
344.
Frazier, Dr. physician to Charles
II. v. 261, n. 333, 'll. 334. much
contributed to Charles IL's
journey into Scotland, vi. 485.
contrived the empty design of
his withdrawing to the High-
lands, 486. a petition intended
of the Scottish presbyterians
by Balcarris and him that the
chancellor of the exchequer
might be removed, vii. 59.
Frederic III. (see king of Den-
mark. )
l
reeman, sir Ralph, i. 77, 80, '/t.
French, Nicholas, titular bishop

I N D E X.

of
"erns, viii. 8 I, 192, 2] 8.
published a book relating to
Ireland, traducing the nlar-
quis of Onnond, 4. took
the chair in the assembly of
cathoHc clergy at ,V aterfor
,
27. signed the letter of credit
from the catholic bishops to
the lord lieutenant, 155. one
of the committee of the con-
gregation, 184. importuned the
marquis of Clanrickard to ac-
cept the charge of lord deputy,
202. his behaviour afterwards
with respect to hin1, 203. ne-
g
ciates with the duke of Lor-
raIn, 2 I I.
}"ryer, colonel, sir Thomas, i. 50,
53.
.Fuensaldagna, conde of, vi. 33 I.
vii. 183, 186, 283. he and the
conde of Pignoranda governed
the councils at Brussels, vi.
327, 45 0 , n. vii. 18 J. notice of
him, vi. 328. removed to the
government of l\lilan, vii. 182.
Fucntarabia, treaty concluded
there between "}'rance and
Spain, vii. 344-355.

G.
Gage, colonel, Î\
. 593. takes
Bostal house, 495. notice of
him, 55 I. relieves Basing-
house, 552. aids in relieving
Banbury castle, 580. and Don-
nington castle, 590. made go-
vernor of Oxford, 594. within
a month after Rhot in attempt-
ing to break rlo\Vn Cnlhmn
bridge
595.
Galloway, 'Villiam, vii. 452.
Galway, the confederate catho-
lics .besiege the nuncio there,
viii. 67. disobedient to the
lord deputy, 219. Ireton's in-
sulting summons to it, 229.
desires the protection of the
lord deputy, ib. surrendered to

the rebels, 230.
Gaol-delivery, the ad\,ice and de-
sire of parliament to the king
concerning, iii. 535. his answer,
536. parlialnent Inakes an or-
dinance to forbid the next as-
sizes and gaol-delivery, ib.
Garcies, conde de, governor of
Cambray, vi. 332.
Gardiner, sir Thonms, v. 34, 60.
recorder of London, designed
by Charles I. to be the speaker
of the house of conlmons,
1640. but was not returned a
membe
i. 29 6 , 297,519. no-
tice of him, 296, 5 T 9. COll1-
n1itted to the Tower by par-
liament, ii. 343. appointed by
the king his solicitor-general,
iv. 340. v. 38. one of his com-
missioners to treat at Ux-
bridge, v. 37.
Garraway, captain, iv. 540.
Garrisons, divers, surrendered to
the parliament. v. 423.
Gascoign, sir Bernard, joi ns thoRe
\vho rose in Kent for Charles
II. vi. 6 I. taken prisoner at
Colchester, 99. notice of him,
I co. why he was not shot with
sir C. L
cas and sir G. Lisle,
101.
Gaughagan, friar Anthony, \
iii.
220.
Gell, sir John, iv. 395- possessed
Derbyshire for the parliament,
iii. 441, 453. disquieted by
colonel Hastings, 454. took
Litchfield cathedral, 455. be
and sir 'v. Bruerton routed
by the earl of Northampton
on Hopton-heatb, though the
earl fell there, 457. bis and sir
\V.B.'s exorbitant demand as a
ransoln for the earl's body, 460.
Generals, (see l\lajor-generals.)
George, - iii. ..J. I 7.
Gerard, - trierl for holding
correspondence with Charle

I N D E X.

II. vii. 28. condemned, 29.
beheaded, 30.
(;erard, (see Cierrard.)
Germanv, i. 224. invaded hv
the S\vedes, J 18. the Jesuit

there possess ascendancy over
all other men, vii. 128.
Germany, emperor of, (see Em-
peror. )
Gerrard, colonel Charles, after-
\vards general and lord, i\T.
574, 59 0 . v. J7 8 , 18 7, 28 4,
294, 295, 29 8 , 33 6 . wounded
in the battle at Edge-hill, iii.
292. and again at the siege of
Litchfield, iv. 35. present at
the siege of Bristol, J 45, 6 r 4.
general of South \Vales, 187,
22 J. notice of his conduct as
governor thereof, 222, 228.
the king obliged to remove
him inconsequence of the com-
plaints ag
inst him, 228. and
to 111ake him a baron as a
compensation, ib. entertained
extreme Inalice against lord
Digby, 288. calls him a traitor
in the king's presence, 299.
produced by lord Littleton, to
prove that the chancellor of
the exchequer had spoken ill
of the king, vii. 73, 75, 7 6 .
Gerrard, sir Gilbert, i. 329. one
of the committee of the house
of commons who sat during
the recess, ii. 10.
Gilvy, - vii. 147.
Glamorgan, earl of, (see lord
Herbert. )
Glanvile, John, sergeant, chosen
speaker of the house of com-
nlons, 1640. i. 233. well qua-
lified for it, ib. notice of ltÏs
speech about a supply, 242,
243.
Glemham, sir Thomas, iii. 184,
619. i\r. 4 2 1. v. 229. his eha-
racter, iii. I 85. left by thc
king governor of York, at thc

request of the gentry, 435,
5 J 2. n1ade governor of Ox-
ford, v. 288.
Glencarne, "Tillianl Cunningham,
ninth earl of, receives a com-
mission from Charles II. to
coJlect troops in the f-ligh-
lands, vii. 53. retires to his
own house, and makes his
peace with l\ionk, 54. yet still
faithful to the king, ib.
Glin (GIyn) opposed the self-
denying ordinance, v. 89. a
leading man in the house of
commons, 454.
Gloucester, considerations whe-
ther Charles I. should besiege
it, iv. 173. he sumn10ns it,
I 77. the citizens' and garri-
son's answer, 179. he besieges
it, J 8 J. prosecution of the
siege, 225. the sicge raised by
the approach of the earl of
Essex, 230. design of seizing
the town for Charles II. by
luajor-generall\lassey, vii. 322.
Gloucester, bishop of
(see G.
Goodman.)
Gloucester, Jlenrv duke of: son
of Charles 1. . vii. 223, 362,
363, 45 I. con1mitted by par-
liament to the care of the earl
of Northumberland, v. 453,
47 I, n. how tre,ated by him,
47 I, n. the countess of Dorset
had been his governess, by the
king's appointment, until her
death, ib. his f
lthcr's discourse
with him, about se\'en years'
old, by consent of parliament,
473. placed by parliament with
the countess of Leicester after
being with the earl of N orth-
umberland, vii. 85. well in-
structed by l\lr. Lovel his tu-
tor, 86. removed to Carisbrook
castle uurler captain 1\lildlnay,
ib. his promising character,
87' allowed by parliament,

I N D E X.

with the advice of Cromwell,
to go bevond
ea, ib. joins his
mother
nd brother at Paris,
R8, Charles II. on remo\?Íng
into Germany, leaves him with
his mother fn Franee, 9 I. an
aecount of the endeavours at
Paris to pervert him in his re-
ligion, 120. Charles II. sends
for hilu in consequence, and
he joins him at Cologne, 122,
124. present at the battle of
Dunkirk, 284. five thousand
pounds sent to him to the
IIague by the Engl ish parlia-
ment, 499.
Glyn, (see Glin,)
Godolphin, Sidney, shot at Chag-
ford, iii. 43 I. his char,\cter, ib.
bishop \Varburton states that
he left bv will two hundred
pounds t(; Hobbes, in esteem
of his great parts, not his prin-
ciples, Jr. in iDe.
Godolpl?in, colonel 'Villiam, iii.
4 2 9. 1\'. 99.
Goffe, colonel, offers to stand by
the protector, Richard Crom-
well, against the council of
olÌÌcers, \rii. 3 10. removed fronl
his command by them, 3 12.
Gone, Dr. chief agent of lord
Jermyn, vi. 32. his part in
the factions in the prince"s
fleet, 34. has a share of the
money sent frorn l\Ioscow for
Charles II. 570. changes his
religion, ib.
Goodman, Godfrey, bishop of
Gloucester, one of the bishops
who signed the protestation
against their constra.ined ab-
sence from the house of lord
,
ii. t 16.
Goodwin, or Goodwyn, Robert,
lr. v. 553. one o'f the com-
mittee
('nt to Dublin bv tlw
p:1rliament, iii. 1-82. iv. .39J,
39 2 .

Gorges, !)r. Charles II.'s chap-
lain, vi. 53 T.
Gor
cs, lord, iv. 576.
Goring, George lord, afterwards
nmde earl of Norwich, iv. 630.
(as earl of Norwich,) v. 235.
vi. 40, 102. the king's anlbas-
sador e
traordinary in France,
iv. 332. v. 235. .(as earl of
Norwich,) heads the rising in
Kent in f.'wour of the king, vi.
56. ad\rances to Blackheath, 58.
transports himself into Essex,
and fixes in Colchester, 60.
taken prisoner there, and sent
to the Tower, 103. a new high
court of justice sits to try hilll
and others, 252. his behaviour
at his trial, 253. condemned,
255. \.otes in parliament for
and against his petition for life
eqlIally divided,258.the speaker
gives the casting vote in his
favour, and why, ib.
Goring, colonel' George, after-
wards general and lord, i. 6 I o.
iv. 4 66 , 5 0 9, 527, 5 28 , 53 8 ,
54 2 , 559, 57 6 . v. 10. (as lord
G.) 123, J 39, 14 0 , J 53, 162,
'7 0 , 17 8 , r88, 193, 195,197,
206, 207,2 ro, 21 J, 220, 222,
233, 234, 239, 24 0 , 24]) n.
245, 25 0 , 254, 255, 25 6 , 25 8 ,
259, and n. 268. vii. 380. lr.
i. 428, 434. how far concerned
in the correspondences be-
tween the court and the arm\',
i. 4 6 9-47 2 . ii. 4-5 8 , 479,
4 8 7. 1fT. i. 436, 466. made
himself a t
lvourite of parlia-
ment by discovering these de-
signs, iii. J 73, n. ] 74. gover-
nor of Portsmouth, ii. 230.
ingratiates himself again with
the king and qneen, 231. iii.
] 74. declares for the king, iii.
] 72. notice of his character,
173, Tl. 175. v. 2, and SOlHf\
previous particulars of his C011-

I N D E X.

duct, iii. 173, 7l. Portsmouth
besieged by the parliament
forces, and taken through his
neglect, 19 1 , 'll. 195, 224.
appointed lieutenant-general
of the horse at York, 443,
606. luade general of the
horse in tbe room of prince
Rupert, iv. 532. 'Vilmot his
Inortal enemy, 533. the earl of
Essex's horse, under sir \V.
Balfour, escape through the
king's arm)' owing to his neg-
lect, 545, 53 0 , n. his conduct
in the second battle of New-
bury, 585. luade a friendship
with lord Digby, each belie\'-
ing be could deceive the other,
v. 10, Ill'. in loco the king had
no intentions that he should
be ,vith the prince of 'Vales,
a point at which he aimed,
and why, v. 83, 1.37. sent with
a command into Hampshire,
137. beaten off with loss from
Christ-Church, 138. outrages
of his horse, 138, 141. '" ey-
1110uth taken through his want
of vigilance, 139, his conduct
and movements in those parts,
J 41, 143, 144, 145, 14 6 , 14i,
148, 149. complaints against
his horse, 142. further parti-
culars of his design to have
the command of the west, 155,
, 57, and n. 15 8 , n. 159, 160.
lord Clarendon resolved never
to nlingle with him in any ac-
tion or couneil of trust, not-
withstanding his civil deport-
Inent to him, l.
8, n. sent for
by the king to Oxford, 169.
prince Rupert, being jealous of
hinI, promotes his view
re-
specting the west, 17 I, 172,
17.3. whither he is sent back
wi th full command, 173, 174.
bishop 'Varburton considers
that this single intrigue ruined

the king irretrievably by di-
viding his s111all army, Hr. V.
172. expressed an possible
contelnpt of the council at-
tending the prince, v. 189,236.
his Inismanagement at Taun-
ton, 190, 191. ordered to
march into Northamptonshire,
189, 192. his conduct towards
the garrison at Lamport, 195,
196. the prince of 'Vales writes
to him to reforul the disorders
of his army, 198, 199. draws
off from Taunton upon sir T.
Fairfax's entering Somer:set-
shire, 207. beaten by him near
Lamport, 208. retires to Barn-
stable, 209. nlakes proposi-
tions to the prince, 231. which
are..granted, 232. his demands
of the prince, 237. his con-
ference with one of the prince's
council, 242, 257. his conduct
at Exeter, 245, 260. gives over
the thought of defending Dc-
von, 257. retires into France,
261. discourse3 against bim,
262. had rendered the Cornish
hostile to him, 262, 268. rea-
sons for and against his ha\'-
ing had a secret understanding
with the enemy, 265, 266. bi-
shop Warburton's ohservation
on his and prince Rupert's ca-
balling together, TV. v. 266.
Gourney, or Gurney, sir Richard,
lord InaYOr of London, his
loyalty t
Charles I. ii. 62.
reckoned in consequence a
ßlalignant, 90. unable to pre-
vent the city from petitioning
the king, 146. honourable n1en-
tion o(him, 153. Charles I.'s
enconliUlU of him, upon the
exclusion of his name by par-
liament from the militia biJI,
.3 79, 4 J '2. committed to the
'rower for causing the king's
proclamation against the n1Ì-

I N D E X.

litia to be publicly proclaimed,
iii. '52.
Gowre, colonel, iii. 437.
Grady, colonel, viii. 98.
Graham, James, (see marquis of
l\lountrose. )
Grammont, marshal de, vii. 341,
'l1.
Grana, marquis of, the emperor's
ambassador at l\Iadrid, notice
of, vi. 375, n. the removal
of Olivarez owing to him, ib.
nlade the match between the
king and queen of Spain, for
which he would have been
nlade a cardinal, had he lived,
ib.
Grandison, \Villialu Villiers, vis-
count, i. 389. received a com-
nlission as colonel-general, to
raise horse for the king, iii.
610, 628. takes Nant\Vich

259. present at the battle of
Edge-hill, 63 I. taken prisoner
at 'Yinchester, 343. died of
wounds received at the siege of
Bristol, iv. 144, 15 1 , 61.5. his
character, 1.5 I.
Granthanl taken by the king's
forces, iii. 446.
Grantham, colonel, iii. 282.
Greenvil, sir Bevil, iv. 150, 612,
563. active for Charles I. in
Cornwall, iii. 4 1 8, 424, 429. i v.
96. the most beloved man in the
county, iii. 424. he and sir J.
Berkley beat the earl of Stam-
ford near Stratton, iv. 100.
killed in the battle of Lans-
clo\vn, 123. his character, 125,
605. sir R. Greenvil was hig
younger brother, 563' and sir
John Greenvil his son, vii.
443. recommended his family
to the care of l\Ir. l\lorrice, ib.
Greenvil, sir John, vii. 323,383,
45 I. wounded in the second
vattle of Newbury, h,. 5 8 9.
governor of Scilly, vi. 149.

which he delivered up to sir
G . Ayscue after a vigorous de..
fence, 6 I I. allowed by par..
liament after this surrender to
enjoy his estate, vii. 443. was
a son of sir Bevil Greenvil, ib.
introduced to general l\ionk
by Mr. l\lorrice, ib. and re-
ceiving his instructions goes
over to Charles II. at Brussels,
445. who sends back his let-
ters to the parliament, army,
&c. by him, 453. being called
for by the parliament, delivers
the letter, 478, 479. the an-
swer of the house of commons
delivered to him, 486.
Greenvil, sir Richard, iv. 536,
539, 54 0 , 5.59, v. 13 6 , n. 137,
n. 200, 233, 239, 254, 25 6 ,
257,25 8 , 27 I ,3 0 3,3 2 3,33 2 .
beats a party of the earl of Es-
sex's horse at Bodmin, iv. 539.
left by the king to block up
Plymouth, 562. notice of his
character, and of sonle previous
particulars of his conduct, 563.
was a younger brother of sir
Bevil Greenvil, ib. his conduct
and movements in the west, \".
144-148. wounded at Taun-
ton, 148. the conuuissioners of
Devon complain of him, 160.
his conduct inquired into, 163
-168. appointed nmjor-gene-
ral of the army in the west,
188. complaints against him
at Barnstable, 201-203. no-
tice of his nature and temper,
&c. 204, and n. the prince of
'Vales's intentions with regard
to him, 206. grows trouble-
some again, 2 10. returns his
commission of field-lnarshal,
formerly given him by the
prince, 2 12. particulars re-
specting t.he estate he ob-
tained by his wife, 2 J 3. and
his military promotion, 2 J 4.

I 1'1 D E X.

a great plunderer, 215. no-
tice respecting the protection
granted to his house and es-
tate, 2 16. his conduct after he
had given up his commission,
2 18. the prince remonstrates
with him, 219. cooperates with
lord Goring in his designs,
Z 3 I. and obtains the com..
mand of the remains of the
western army, 233, 254. rea-
sons for and against his being
sent to continue the blockade
of Plymouth, 255, 256. his
lllovements, 256, 267, 268,
27 1 , 273. his behaviour to-
wards the prince, 269, 270.
and at Tm'istock, 304. ap-
pointed to comnland the foot
in the west under lord Hop-
ton, 306. whom he himself
had recOIn mended as general
in chief, 305. yet notwith-
standing refuses to act under
him, 307, 308. whereupon he
is committed to prison by the
prince, 309. an unpopular act,
notwithstanding his previ-
ous oppression and tyranny,
310-313. bishop \\Tarburton
,-indicates lord Clarendon from
the charge of prejudice in dis-
t
tvour of him, "fT. iv. 562.
Gregory XV. pope, i. 36.
Orev, AnchetiJ, one of the com-
n;issioners for the associated
county of Dorset, v. 152.
Grev, Thomas lord, had the ('0111-
n
and in Leicestershire for the
parliament, iii.453, 454. joins
the earl of Essex on his march
to relie\-e Gloucester, iv. 229.
Oreyof Ruthvin,l\lichael Longue-
ville, lord, one of those who
signed the declaration that
Charles I. had no intentions
of war, iii. 72,571.
Grey of \Varke, \Villiam lord, hr.
403, 610. committed to the

Tower by parlialnent for re-
fusing to go as their commis-
sioner into Scotland for relief:
iv. 153. as speaker of the
house of lords signs a letter
to the lords justices in Ire-
land, 368. and another to the
king, 415.
Grievanc
s, 1\lr. Pym's aud others'
speeches concerning, i. 234.
1\1r. Pym begins the debate of
grievances, 299. agents frolll
the counties in Ireland to re-
present pretended grim'ances
to the lord lieutenant, viii. J 18.
these complaints found to be
groundless, 120. the lord lieu-
tenant's answer to them, 13 I.
Griffith, - ii. 263. .
Grime, sir n.ichard, an equerry of
Charles I. iii. 633.
Grimston, afterwards sir Harbot-
tle, spoke against ship-nloney
in the house of commons, i.
235. and against archbishop
Laud, 524. chosen speaker of
the house of commons that
nlet 1660. vii. 477. signs, as
speaker, the loyal answer of
the house to Charles n:s let-
tel', 486.
Grocers' hall, both houses of par-
liament appoint conllniUees to
sit there, from pretended dan-
ger at \Vestminster, ii. 178.
Grove, Hugh, concerned in the
rising at Salisbury for Charles
II. vii. 139. taken prisoner and
beheaded, 144.
Guilford, earl of, (see earl of Lau-
derdale. )
Guernsey reduced by Crol1lwell'

forces, \'i. 608.
Gunpowder, an act for the free
making of, within the kingdom,
i. 503.
Gunter colonel, killed in the fight
at Charlgrave field, IV. 87. the
best officer of horse the pa1'l;a..

INDEX.

ment had
ib. of known malice
to the church, ib.
Gunter, colonel, provides a bark
for the escape of Charles II.
after the battle of 'V ore ester,
vi. 541.
Gurney, (see Gourney.)
Guzman, Louisa de, (see queen
of Portugal.)
H.
Hales, - his part in the com-
motions in l{ent for Charles
II. vi. 26-29, 40. transports
himself into Holland, 41.
l-lille
, sir Ed\vard, vi. 39.
Hall, Joseph, bishop of Norwich,
the earl of Essex had great re-
verence for him, i. 409. one
of the bishops who signed the
protestation against their con-
strained absence from the
house of lords, iii. 1 16.
Hambden, Alexander, kept in
prison till his death for his
part in 1\lr. \Valler's and 'fon1-
kins's design, i\7. 69, 75.
Hambden, .John, i. ] 27, 235,
24 1 ,25 8 ,37 2 , 375. ii . 577, 4 2 ,
76, n. 263. iii. 188, n. 263. iv.
29 I. W. vi. 126. compelled by
law to pay the ship-money, i.
121, 127,241. the most popular
man in the house of commons

241. where he was one of the
leading men, 347, 1l. hischarac-
ter, 323. ii. 15. courted by soli-
citor-general Herbert, i. 368.
was for root and branch, as it was
termed, 410. how he induces
lord Falkland to vote against
the bishops' votes in parlia-
lucnt, "P4. one of the commit-
tee sent by parliament with
Charles I. into Scotland, 494.
ii. 15. might have been of ser-
vice, had he 'Jecll c0nciliatcd
by the king, 60. articles of
trea
on charged against him
and five others, by order of the
VOL. VlIr.

_ king, 1 24, 604. farther parti..
culars relative to the charge,
125, 13 0 , 147,15 6 ,162, 16 4,
169, 184, 192, 606, 229,258,
27 6 , 280, 306,3 J 6, 34 2 , 449,
459, 477, 54 8 . iii. 44, 15 6 ,
618. has a regiment conferred
on hirn by parliament, iii. 156.
reinforces the earl of Essex at
the battle of Edge-hill, 282. un-
successful in an attempt against
the Brill, 483. advised the be-
sieging of Oxford, ,"vhere the
king was, rather than Reading,
iv. 39. mortally wounded in
the fight at Charlgrave field,
82, 11" 88. precipitate on this
occasion, though usually wary,
88, n. farther sketch of his
character, 88, n. 91. bishop
'Yarburton's explanation of,
and obsen'ation on it, Jr. iv.
95. the bishop considers that
the historian has not done hin1
justice, W. i. 241. remark re-
8pecti ngthe place of his death, i v.
90. unworthy of the historian's
notice in bishop 'Varburton's
opinion, ur. in loco lord Falk-
land entertained a good opin-
ion of his uprightness and in-
tegrity, iv: 245. l\lr. Pym 1l1uch
go\yerned by him, 438. a daugh-
ter of his married colonel I-lam-
mond, v. 489. was cousin to,
and bosom friend of Cromwell,
545. why bishop 'Yarburton
considers his patriotism to be
doubtful, U T . ii. 263. according
to the bishop, ad vised the carl
of Essex to pursue the king
after the battle of Edge-hill,
TV. iii. 299.
Hamilton, count, IV. iv. 520.
lIamilton, - v. 324.
Hamilton,.James l-Tamilton, third
Inarquis, afterwards duke, and
earl of CaInbridge, i. 512,
3 6 9, 392, -4- 01 . ii. 38, 586

y

IN]) E X.

61 4. iii. 31 I.iv.432. vi. 17,44,
45, 47, 53, 10 3. viii. 63. his
character, Í. 82. master of the
horse to Charles I. 140. his
sole adviser in all Scotch af-
fairs, 14 1 , 143,195, 510. vi.
239. his affection to the king
suspected, i. 142. has the com-
llland of the fleet against the
Scotch covenanters, 202. his
suspicious conduct, 213. not
at all acceptable to the earl of
Essex, 2 1 2. nor to the earl of
Holland, 2 16. nor to his COUll-
trvn1en, 2 18. finds fault with
th.e treaty of pacification made
with the covenanters, ib. gets
sir II. \- ane made secretary of
state in the rOOlll of sir J.
Coke, 222. supposed to ha\Te
obtained lord Lowden's re-
lease fronl imprisonment to
endear hilllself to the Scotch,
253. had the skill to interfere
in public affairs as Illuch or as
little as he pleased, 264. why
more hateful to the people
than any other person, 263.
had been accused of a design
of 111aking himself king of
Scotland
269. account of his
craft in inducing the king to
allow hinl to endear hilnse1f
to the Scotch covenanters, ib.
W. Ì. 273. one of the couns
l-
lor8 about the king at York, i.
280. hi
removal trom him re-
c01nmended bv the Scotch com-
Inissioners, 276. how he gained
them over, 333. advises the
king to appoint several of the
popular partyprivy-counseUors,
340. . 1\lr. Hyde importuned
by the king and others not
to bring him forward as an
evil counsellor, 482. compelled
to gi ve up the cinque ports, ib.
transactions in Scotland re-
specting hin}, Argyle, and

l\Iountrose, ii. 16, 575. luade
a duke, 19. signed the decla-
ration that the king had no
intentions of war, iii. 7 I, 57 I.
sir H. Vane ne\'er kept fair
quarter with him, 567. his con-
duct with respect to the bcotch
parliament caned by the cove-
nanters, iv. 293, 299, 624.
goes to the king at Oxford,
299, 62 7. accused of treason,
628. imprisoned, 436, 629.
private examination of certain
persons respecting his conduct,
435. particulars respecting his
being set at liberty, v. 323-
335. goes into Scotland, 5 2j.
enters England with an army
raised bv the Scotch, in conse-
quence . of their treaty with
Charles I. in the Isle of \Vight,
vi. 71. his irregular 111arch, 7 J,
73, 74. routed at V xeter by
Lam bert, 75. and taken pri-
soner, ib. tried by a new high
court of justice, 252. condemn-
ed, 255. his petition for life
rejected in the house of cOln-
mons, 256. beheaded, 261.
bishop \Varburton considers
him and his brother the earl
of Lanrick a couple of knaves,
notwithstanding all Burnet has
said in their behalf, W. iv. 43 I.
IIalnilton, duke of, (see Earl of
Lanrick. )
IIamilton, (Anne Cunningham,)
marchioness of, iv. 433.
Hamilton, sir James, iv. 119,
120.
I-Iammond, -- nlaVOr of
t.
I,res, v. 3 12 . 01
Hammond, colonel, v. 503. vi.
197, 226. W. v. 552. go\'ernor
of the Isle of 'Vight, ". 489'
nephew of Dr. Hammond,
490. negociated with to re..
reive Charles I. upon his es-
cape from fIampton-court, ib.

I N D E X.

bi.ought to the king, 491. re-
moves hizu to Carisbrook cas-
tle,492. lord Clarendon's opi-
nion of this whole business, ib.
removes the king's old servants
from about him, 509. impri-
sons Burly for attempting to
stir up the people of the island
in the king's favour, 5 IT. re-
moved from the charge of the
king's person, vi. 203.
IIammond, Dr. Henry, one of
the king's commissioners in
nlatters relating to the church
to treat at Uxbridge, v. 5 I. al-
lowed to attend the king as
one of his chaplains, 442. un-
cle of col. Halnn10nd, 490.
Harcourt, conte d', v. 380. ar-
rives ambassador extraordinary
from France, iv. 325-328.
returns into }"'rance without
any good effect to Charles I.
3 2 9. besiegesCambray, vi. 33 I.
raised the siege, 332.
Ilarding, -- iv. 534.
tIaro, Lewis de, vi. 3 10 , 356,
3 86 . n. 387, 11. vii. 34 6 , 356,
359, 3 6 1. his intercourse with
Charles II. 's 3111bassadors at
l\ladrid, vi. 362, 364, 376, 'ìl.
37 8 ,379,39 0 ,39 1 ,459,4 6 7.
his private interview with them,
368, ran several courses with
the king in the public races,
369. one of the council of state,
382. his character, 383. vii.
350. was an absolute favourite
of the king, ib. his origin, ib.
the ambassadors expostulate
with hinl about an agent of the
parliamentsent into Spain, 44-2.
his answer, ib. they write to him
about the murder of this agent,
445. his answer, ib. his speech
to them concerning it, 449. he
and cardinall\lazarine meet at
Fuen tarabia, to settle a treaty
between Spain and }'rance, vii.

34 1,344. advises Charles II. to
attend, 345. was against the earl
of Bristol accon1panying hinI,
347. who however wrought
himself into his good graces,
36 I. how far the cardinal had
the advantage over him, 349.
an account of the close of this
treaty in respect of Portugal
and the prince of Condé, as
settled by them, 349-355.
his treatment of king Charles,
359. died soon after this busi-
ness, 357, 506, n.
Harris, major-general, v. 304.
Harrison, colonel, W. vii. 429. a
member of the house of com-
Inons, notwithstanding the self-
denying ordinance, v. 430. con-
ducted Charles I. from Hurst
castle to St. James's, vi. 2 J 9-
223. his origin andcharacter,ib.
much trusted byCronlw
Il, 220.
was in favour of the king's be-
ing publicly tried, 226. remov-
e
fronl the army by Cromwell,
VII. 204.
Harry, (see Henry.)
Harvey, - iv, 188.
Hasdunck, - v. 279.
Hasleng, sir Arthur, i. 32ÇJ, 4 18 ,
484. iv. 460. vii. 377. prefers
a bill in the house of commons
for the attainder of the earl of
Strafford of high treason, i.
397. and another for settling
the militia, 486. the tool of
his party, 397, 486. one of the
five members of the commons
accused of high treason by the
king's order, ii. 124, 604. far-
ther particulars relating to the
charge, 125, 13 0 , 147, 15 6 ,
161, 162, 164, 169, 184, 19 2 ,
606,229,25 8 ,27 6 ,280,3 06 ,
3 16 , 34 2 , 449, 459,477, 54 8 .
iii. 44, 156, 618. his regiment
of horse, so completely armed.
as to be called lobsters, iv. 121.
Y 2

1 N D .E X.

and were the fir
t that made
any impression On the king's
horse, ib. wounded in the bat-
tle of Roundway-down, and
his impenetrable reginlent rout-
ed, 134,609. is readnlitted in-
to the house of COlnmons by
virtue of a clause in the peti-
tion and advice, vii. 2 I 8, 219.
having been excluded for re-
fusing to sign the recognition of
the protector, ib. the petition
and proposals of Lambert's ar-
lllY discovered to him,367, 368.
acquaints the parliament with
it, ib. what llleasures he and
Vane, the heads of the repub-
lic party, induced parliament
to aùopt, 369-373. appointed
in consequence one of the se-
ven cOIn missioners to govern
the arnlY, 370. his character,
373. he, 'Valton, and l\lorlev
go to Portslllouth, upon Lan{'-
hert's dispersing the parlia-
luent, and are well received,
376. he and l\iorley were look-
ed upon as invested with the
authority of parliament, 388.
they nlarch towards London,
390. the soldiers in London,
in consequence, restore the
parlianlent, ib. general l\Ionk
conversed nlost freely \vith him,
44 0 .
Hassel,- iv. 70,75.
Hastings, Ferdinando lord, after-
wards sixth earl of II un tingdon,
ran away from the battle of
Edge-hiÍl, iii. 301. (as earl of
Huntingdon,) one of the lords
wlao signed the letter to the
privy council and conservators
of the peace in Scotland, i v. 632.
Hastings, colonel Ilenry, luade
sheriff of Leicestershire, to re-
tain it in obedience to the king,
iii. 145. his services there, 453,
454. present at the battle of

Edge-hill, 453.
IIastings, sir 'V alte r, governor of
Portland, surprised \Veymouth,
v. 138.
Hatton, sir Christopher, after-
wards lord, notice ot: iii. 55 I.
one of the lords who signed
the letter to the privy-council
.. and conservators of the peace
in Scotland, iv. 633. one of
the king's connnissioners to
treat at Uxbridge, v. 37. had
been made a lord, 38. resident
at Paris, vii. 124,
Hawkesley-house tal<en by the
king's forces, v. 178.
Hawkins, colonel, iv. 554.
Hawley, sir Francis, iii. 199.
Hay, sir Francis, one of the ofn-
cer.3 taken with the marquis of
l\lountrose and e
ecuted, vi.
4 2 1.
Hayward, - i. 437.
Hazie"nda, president de la, vi.463.
Heath, sir Robert, ii. 344. for
what purpose made lord chief
j IIstice, iii. 344.
Hedworth, John, signed the ana-
baptists' addre
s to Charles II.
vii. 266.
Hedworth, Randolph, signed the
anabaptists' address to Charles
II. vii. 266.
Hemflet, - vi. 324.
Henderson, Alexander, Ill, 507,
508. iv. 285. one of the Scotch
cominissioners to treat at Rip-
pon, i. 275. goes with the
cOlnmissioners toLondon, 33 J.
crowds go to hear l1Ínl and the
other chaplains preach, 33 I,
334, n. meddled much in teul-
poral affairs, ii. 25. presents
the petition of the general
assembly of the kirk of Scot-
land to Charles I. iii. 49 8 , 500.
and carries the answer back,
509. one of the commissioners
to treat at U xbridge in matters

I K D E X.

relating to the church, v. 37,
45, 5 I. his speech, 52. sent to
dispute 'with the king concern-
ing church go\'ernment, 408.
the king too hard for him, 409.
partly convinced of the mis-
chief he had been the author
of, ib. dies shortly after, ib.
I-Ienly, J<lmes, ii. 3 i 7.
Henrietta, wife of Charles I. nlcn-
tioned as queen, i. 3 6 9, 454,
473. ii. T 2, 13, 4 0 , 53, 59 0 ,
63, I 12, 23 0 , 234, 26 3, 307,
4 61 , 463
53 0 , 54 6 , 55 8 . iii.
4 6 , 59 2 , 595, 1 74, 1 75, 6 1 I,
19 2 , 357, 47 6 , 5 0 7, 5 1 9. iv.
3 a . 132. 608. 223, 'Il. 261,
26 4, 333, 11. 35 0 . v. 158, n.
346,350,351,366,448,523,
527,555,556. vi. 2f, and 11.
47, 80, 399, 47 I, 543, 55 8 ,
5 60 , 5 66 , 5 6 7, 579,5 81 , 59 0 .
vii. 64, 34 6 , 3 62 . viii. 74, 75,
2 13. her influence obtains the
secretaryship for sir 1-1. Yane,
i. 222. what was thought of
her recommendation to the
catholics to contribute money
for carrying on the war å-
gainst the Scots, 263. said by
th.e king to have recomn1endeù
him to call the parliament in
16 4 0 . 273. her great power
with the king cOluplained of
by the Scotch commissioners,
2 i 7 . an d generally dislik ed,
294. neither archbishop Laud
nor the earl of Strafford ac-
ceptable to her, ib. withdraws
her favour from the earl of HoI-
land, ib. present at the trial of
the carl of Strafford, 382. be-
comes odious to the people. ii.
3, 23. the earl of :Holland, who
had been her creature, and
whom she had preserved from
destruction, neglects her, 13,
598. still courted by some, and
wh
, 13. charged b.y some with

f01nenting the rebellion in Ire-
land, 23, 236. deserted by lady
Carlisle, who revealed all she
knew about ber or the king,
598. 603. three thousand
pounds raised for the king's
use by the sale of her jewels,
8 I. notice of her in the par-
liament's remonstrance, 1642.
185-188. full of fears, chiefly
on hearing of an intention of
accusing her of high treason,
230, 23 I. the object of this
rumour, 231, 232. compelled
to sell her plate to supply her
wants, 233. persuades the king
to sign the bill depridng the
bishops of their votes in the
house of lords, 248. lord Dig-
by's letter to her opened by
the house of comnlons, 256.
goes to Holland, 233, 262.
mention of her in the parlia-
ment's declaration, 16 4 2 . 275.
276. made the king promise to
remo'-e the earls of Essex and
HoHand from their situations,
32j, 33 I. purchases arms and
auullunition in I-Iolland for the
king, 426. with what diAieulty,
iii. 102. her capuchin friars
seot back to France by parlia-
ment, 237. returns to England,
445. the danger she escaped,
ib. parliament thought to haxe
wished her death, ib. her cha-
pel and lodgings plundered by
authority of parliament, iv. 20.
sends a supply of arms and
ammunition to Oxford, 601.
impeached by the house of
commons for aiding the hing
in the war, 56. joins the king
near Keinton, 137, n. 13 8 ,
139. bringing a great recruit,
139. was against the kin
's at-
tempt iug the siege of G louce
-
ter, 196. from what mothres,
20 I. 1 he eru.l of Holland again

I N D E X.

offers his service to her, 208.
Jernlyn prevails with her to
accept it, ib. how n1any paid
court to her, 26 I. how she
beha ved towards the earl of
Holland upon his arrival at
Oxford, 263. lived in l\ierton
college, ib: why offended with
the l1mrqms of Hertford, 264.
('hooses the conte d'Harcourt
to be the French ambassador
to negociate between the king
and the parlian1ent, 326. what-
ever was done by papists was
ascri bed to her zeal for her
religion, 365. the court at Ox-
ford and its expense much in-
creased by her, 395. retires
from Oxford to Exeter, 466.
delivered of a daughter there,
507. and from thence to
France, 5 22. lord Percy made
a baron upon her intercession,
531. prevailed with the king
to make sir A. Aston governor
of Oxford, being a Roman
catholic, 550. solicitous for
O'N eile to be made groom of
the bedchamber, v. 99, 100.
her and the king's letters fell
into their enemies' hands at the
battle of N aseby, 186. garbled
and published by them, ib.
cardinal Richelieu prevented
her going into }'rance, when
she first went, abroad, 347.
admitted there by cardinall\la-
zarine on her leaving Eng-
land a second time, 349. ad-
vised the king to promise the
Scotch to establish presbyte-
rianism in England, 352, 406.
her letter to the chancellor of
the exchequer concerning the
prince of 'Vales's removal into
France, 363. the lords Capel
and Colepepper sent to dis-
suade her from sending for
the prince into France, 367.

how far prevailed upon, 3 6 9,
3 80 . why not disposed that
anymoney arrangement should
be settled for the prince
370,
n. lord Digby's transactions
with her and cardinal Ma-
zarine in }'rance, 375. sends for
the prince, 397. sir 'V. Dave-
nant sent by her to the king to
persuade him to give up the
church, 4 I I. sir J. Berkley
sent from her to hin1, 447.
gained over by the Scottish
commissioners, 527. vi. 132.
how she treated the prince at
Paris, v. 554, 555. lord Jermyn
her chief officer, 555. the earl
of Holland, designing to rise
with the duke of Bucking-
ham and others, again coun-
tenanced by her, vi. 6. the
prince disposed by her to de-
pend wholly upon the pres-
byterian party, 37. the coun-
tess of Carlisle gains con-
fidence again with her, 66.
sends a paper to be delivered
to the parliament, upon the
report of what they intpnded
against the king, but it was
laid aside, 2 13. her first n1es-
sage to the prince, as king,
269. who resolved not to re-
sign himself entirely to hel'
governance, ib. why she coldly
received the marquis of Mount-
rose, notwithstanding his ser-
vices in the rOY3:1 cause, 284.
why some urged and others
dissuaded the king's seeing
her on his intended journey
to Ireland, 307, 308. the
chancellor not at all in her fa-
,'our, 3 I 2, and n. and why, 3 2 9.
why angry at tbe king's pro-
ject of going into Ireland, ib.
her interview with him at St.
Germain's, 332. 333. he tells
her plainly that he would not

IN]) E X.

be governed by her, 333. 1\11'.
Elliot, though under great ob-
ligations, had little reverence
for her, 334, 335. the chancellor
of the exchequer's private au-
dience with her, 33 6 , 337.
not solicitous for the king's
stav in France, as she could not
ha;e the dOlllillioll over hilIl,
35 2 . removes to the Louvre,
354. against the chancellor of
the exchequer's going as am-
bassador into Spain, 354, n.
her opinion of his talents and
loyalty, ib. anecdote .to his
credit of a conversatIOn of
her's, ib. advises the king to
agree with the Scots upon
their terms, and why, 4 00 ,
4 01 . why lord Cottington was
ungracious to her, 460. the
king left the duke of York
with her, with direction to
conform himself to her will,
471. too large an establish-
n1ent assip"ned hilu bv her,
o .
473. complains to the chan-
cellor of the foolish marriage
scheme proposed to the duke
of York by two of his coun-
sellors, 478, 4ï9. Dr. Cosins
forbid to officiate to the- pro-
testants in her family, 480.
the chancellor speaks to her
about it, ib. her ans\\ter,
4 8 [. how she received the
duke of York and his coun-
sellors, 484. her pecuniary dif-
ficulties, 542, 568. lord Jer-
myn appointed by the king
one of his new council, to
please her, 561. earnestly
presses for sir John Berkley to
be made one also, 562. not
granted, ib. why countenanced
the king's attending the Hu-
gonot church, 57 I. how her
prejudice against the chancel-
lor of the exchequer was in-

creased, 575, 57 6 . his intended
behaviour towards her, 580.
supposed to have counte-
nanced the scheme of marrv-
ing the duke of York to nlade-
nloiselle de Longueville, 590.
consults the chancellor about
it, 59 I. instances of her dis-
pleasure against hirD, vii. 59,
62. though hitherto averse
from sir Edward Herbert, she
now recollullends him to the
king as lord keeper, who ap-
points him, 67. solicits that 1\1:r.
Long, one of her creatures,
111ight be restored to the se-
cretaryship of state, 69, 70.
is refused, 70. prevails with
the king to send her son, the
duke of Gloucester to her at
Paris, 88. and to leave him
with her, 91. at the king's de-
sire the chancellor had an au-
dience with her, 9 2 , 93. coun-
tenances the endeavours to
pen'ert the duke of Gloucester
in his religion, 120. is obliged
to Jet him go to the king, who
had sent for him in conse-
quence, 123. at cardinal l\Ia-
:larine's request sent lord Jer-
luyn to invite the king into
F'rance, when his restoration
was probable, 493. had lately
persnadeJ the king to make
lord Jermyn earl of St. Al-
ban's, ib. had been in
tru-
luental to the renewal of the
treaty of peace bçtween the
royal party and the confe-
derate catholics in Ireland,
viii. 70. bishop \Varburton's
notices of and cenSlll.es on her
interference in public affairs.
w. i. 247, 478. Ii. 64, 9 8 ,
232, 234. iii. 443. iv. 19 6 ,
261, 263, 26 5, 299, 365. v.
259, 3 6 9. vi. 80, [3 2 . 2 13.
269. 329, 570. charged by
Y4

I N D E X.

him of advising the king to
accuse lord Kim bolton and
the five members of the house
of commons, ii. 232. and of
being a bigotted papist, v. 90.
and of absolutely governing
the king, ib. the bishop con-
siders Richelieu's estimate of
her character to be correct,
v. 347. the bishop's severe ex-
pressions against her, 41].
vi. 65, his declarations of her
adulterous comn1erce with
Jermyn, 554. vi. 19 2 , 35 2 ,
401, 570. his observation on
the real cause of her anÍ1nosity
to lord Clarendon, vii. 95.
IIenrietta, princess, daughter of
Charles I. vi. 568. vii. 235.
born at Exeter, iv. 507. v. 47 I,
71. prÌ\'ately conveyed by her
governess, the countess of
Ior-
ton, into France, v. 47 I, n.
vii. 84. married the duke of
Orleans, iv. 507.
Henry III. iii. 279. vii. 48 I.
Henry IV. i. 395. ii. 43 I, 435,
5 1 4. iii. 90.
Henry IV. king of France, vi. 508.
IIenry VI. i. 385.
I-Ienry YII. i. 385, 500. ii. 252,
397, 53 6 . iii. 3 I. vi. 244. vii.
195, 21 5.
Henry '7Ill. i. 96, 396, 420. vi.
243-
Henry, prince, son of James I.
i. 32. iii. 271. \'i. 253.
llenry, prince of Orange, (see
Orange. )
Herbert, - of the king's bed-
chanlber, W. \'i, 229.
Herbert, sir Edward, i. 518, (as
attorney-genera],) ii. 459, 460.
vi. 140,321. W. i. 235. vi. 63.
solicitor-general, i. 235. his
part in the debatB in the house
of comnlons concerning griev-
ances, ib. notice of, 5 I 8. op-
poses l\lr. Hyde's question on

the king's proposition to par-
liament respecting ship-mo-
ney, 244. luisrepresents the
proceedings of parliament in
this business to the king, 245.
his general conduct in parlia-
ment, 368. made attorney-
general, ib. in which capacity
he accuses lord Kimbolton,
and five members of the house
of commons, of high treason,
by the king's command, ii.
124. a conlmittee appointed
bv the house of comnlons to
p
epare a charge against hinl
for having accused their five
rnembers, 170. the commons
examine him, 174. his answer,
ib. they vote a charge against
him, ib. impeached by them,
25 8. th
king's letter in his
favour prejudicial to him, 342.
differences between the lords
and conI mons respecting coun-
cil being allowed him, 343.
his defence, 344. decision of
the lords in his favour, 345.
altered to please the comnlons,
346. had 1JlOre influence than
any person over prince Ru-
IJert, vi. 63. vii. 66. farther
notice of him, ib. concerned
in the divisions among the
prince of 'Vales's court, 79,
82. causes the prince to un-
dervalue lord IIopton, 82. cul-
tivates prince Rupert's preju-
dice against lord Colepepper,
127. an instance of it, 128,
I 29. lIe and sir George Rat-
cliff have great interest with
the duke of York, 474. con-
cerned in the factions in the
duke's family, 483, 558. what
led 10rd.J ermvn to court him,
both being l{itherto enemies
to each other, vii. 66. his de-
claration respecting lord Jer-
nlyn, ibl' made lord keeper at

I N D E X.

the queen's
olicitation, 67.
how qualified for the post, 68.
why he and Jermyn advised
1\lr. Long to petition to be
restored to the secretarysbip,
69. his opinion as to the chan-
cellor of the exchequer's hav-
ing con\'ersed with Cromwell,
72. accuses the chancellor of
ha ving spoken ill of the king,
73. produces lord Gerrard to
prove it, ib. ill satisfied with
the result, 76. partly instru-
mental in making prince Ru-
pert leave Charles II. and go
into Germany, 89. resigns the
great seal to the king, 9 I .
and never afterwards saw him,
ib.
Ilerbcrt of Ragland, Edward
Somerset, lord, afterwards earl
of Glamorgan, and subse-
fluently Recond luarquis of
,,, orcester, iii. 4 62 , 4 66 , 46ï,
468. i \'. 1 14. (as carl of GIa-
morgan,) viii. 49. made gene-
ral of South 'Vales, iii. 462.
ubservations on this appoint-
lllent, 463. a suùject of COIlJ-
plaint by parliament, 404. who
request he may be removed
fronl court, 406. raises a Ii ttle
army, 465. is surprised by sir
"?illiaIß 'V aller, and routed,
467. persuaded to decline the
command of 'Vales, i\'. 181.
one of tbe lords who signed
the letter to the privy-council
and consen-ators of the peace
in Scotland, 463.
Herbert, Henrv lord, afterwards
duke of Be
ufort, one of the
committee sent by parliament
to wait on Charles II. at the
Hague, vii. 499.
Hcrcford and Tewkesburv taken
bv sir 'Villiam \rallc;: both
\\:hich he presently left, iii.
468. Herefurd taken again by
sir 'Villiam "raUcr, iv. 2<).

Hereford, "Yaltel' Devereux, fifth
viscount, one of the committee
sent hy the parliament to wait
o
Charles II. at the Hague,
Vll. 499.
Hereford, bishop of, (see G.
Co ke. )
Hertford, \Villian1 Scvmour, earl
of, afterwards marquis of, and
duke of Somerset, i. 4 2 4, 425.
ii. 24, 11. iii. 610, 416, 418,
461,462. iv. 95, n. 105, III,
115,116,126, 127, 607, 167,
168, 214, 26 9. v. 69, 495Þ vi.
108. vii. 8 I. TV. iv. 173. sworn
one of the new privy-counsel-
lors, i. 341. made a n1arquis,
424. nlade gOt"ernor to the
prince of 'Yales, ii. 244. or-
dered by parliament not to
suffer him to go out of the
coun try, 1 73. his character,
244, 245. iii. 54 0 . iv. 17 2 ,
173. and previous conduct, ii.
244, 245. concurred not in the
proceeùings against the earl of
Straftòrd, although he had no
affection for him, 244. his rea-

Oll for accepti ng the office of go-
yernor, 246. carried the prince
to the king at Greenwich by his
command, though prohibited by
parliament, 262. one of those
who signerl. the declaration
that the king had no inten-
tions of war, iii. 7 I, 571. ap-
pointed by the king his licu-
tenant-general of all the west-
ern parts, J 19.
ent thither,
181. his actions in Somersct-
shire, 196, 608. retires to
Sherborne, 201. the earl of
Bedford comes against him,
202. his challenge to fight not
accepted by tbe earl, iv. 204.
his proeccdings iu the west,
225. thence transports himself
into GlanlUrgan
hirè, 226. he
and prince l\laurice, as his
lieutenant-general, with their

I N D E X.

forces, join the Cornish army
at Chard, iv. 107. whither they
had been sent by the king,
105, 601. bishop 'Varburt()n'

observation on this appoint-
ment, W. iv. 162. prince Ru-
pert's jealousy the cause of this
appointment, iv. 602. which
was unlikely to produce good
effects owing to the peculiar
character of prince l\laurice,
603. takes Taunton, Bridge-
water, and Dunstar castle. 101.
sonle jealousy between hinl and
prince l\laurice, I 12. he and the
prince prepare their march for
Oxford, 1 14. follo'w'ed by sir 'V.
"Taller, 114, 115, I 16, I 19.
120, 12 I. beat sir ,V. 'Valler
in the battle of Lansdown, 122
- 1 24, 605. they conle to
Oxford, 129. return to Bath,
J41, 61 I, jealousies between
hinl and prince Rupert, 162.
606, 6 16. sir Ralph Hopton
finllly devoted to him, 167.
why removed frolll the army
to attend the king, 171, 172.
against his inclination, 172.
observations on this change, ib.
bishop \Varburton's conlnlent
upon it, W. iv. 322. difference
between hÍlll and prince l\1au-
rice relative to appointing sir
A.. A. Cooper governor of \Vey-
mouth,iv.2 20. the kingwithdif-
ficnlty persuaded by the chan-
cellor of the exchequer to gra-
tify the nlarquis, 225. returns
to the king at Oxford, 225,
264. one of the lords who
signed the letter to the privy-
council and conservators of the
peace in Scotland, 632. one of
the king's commissioners to
treat at Uxbridge, v. 37. at-
tended Charles I. 's funeral, ,-i.
241. the garter conferred on
hin} by Charles II. on his re-
storation, vii. 8 I. dies shortly

after, vi. 244. according to bi-
shop 'Varburton, nobody at
that titue but the marquis en-
tertained right ideas respecting
church governlnent, W. v. 56.
l-lertford, (Frances Devereux,)
Inarchioness of, iv. 552.
Hesse, landgrare of, contrib1ited
not to the
ubsidy granted by
the diet in Germany to Charles
II. though under obligations
to James I. and Charles I. vii.
106.
Hesse Darn1stadt, Elizabeth Ame-
lia, daughter of George II.
landgrave of, married tbe duke
of Newburgh, vii. I 18.
Hewet, (Huet,) Dr. tried before a
high court of justice for sending
money to Charles II. vii. 246.
refused to plead, 247. con-
demned, 25 I. executed, 25 2 .
110tiee of him, ib. lord Falcon-
bridge and his wife, a daughter
of Cromwell, interceded for
hin1 in vain, 253.
Hewson, colonel, suppresses a
rising of the city apprentices,
vii. 388.
Heydon, sir John, lieutenant of
the ordnance to <':harles I. iii.
194, 26 4.
Heylin, - W. i. J 71.
IIiggins, - viii. 167, 168.
High-commision court, dissolved
by act of parliament, i. 439.
495. its origin and object, 49 6 .
howit had exceeded its bounds,
497.
High court of justice, constituted
bv the commons for trial of
éharles I. vi. 2 T 6. Bradshaw
its pr
sident, 2 17. lawyers and
other officer:" appointed, 2 18.
proceedings, 230, 23 J. dis-
turbance in the court by lady
Fairfax, 233. a new high court
of justice sits, 252. duke Hamil-
ton, earls of lIolland and N or-
wich, 10rd.Capel, and sirJ.Ow-

IN]) E X.

en, tried and condeluned, 252
-255. a high court of justice
erected to try persons holding
correspondence with Charles
Stuart, vii. 28. 1\ir. Gerard and
1\1 r. Vowel tried, ib.
llill, colonel Arthur, iii. 477.
Hinchman, Dr. prebendary of
Salisbury, meets Charles II. in
his flight after the battle of
"\V orcester, on Salisbury plains,
and conducts him to fleale,
1\lrs. Hyde's house, vi. 54 0 ,
54 1 .
Hippesly, sir .John, i. 54.
Hisi)aniola, the English fleet
under Pen, and the troops
under Venables, unsuccessful
In an attenlpt upon
vii. 176,
17i.
Hobbes, Thon1as, a legacy left
him by Sidney Godolphin, in
esteem of his great parts, not
his principles, IV. v. 43 I.
Hochstraten, village, notice of,
vii. 287.
IIochstraten, count of, owner of
the village of that name, "ii.
287. one of the grcatest no-
bles in the duchy of Brabant,
ib.
Holland, the privilege allowed to
the English ambassador of
voting in the States General
discontinued, i. I 15. how long
permitted, ib. Holland entered
into a close correspondence
with the Scotch covenanters,
223. theState5 hostiletoCharles
I. and f..1.vourable to the par-
liament, iii. 102. substance of
the declaration of the parlia-
ment to the States General,
354. the prince of 'Vales de-
sires the States to intercede
with parliament for his father,
vi. 211. their answer, 212. they
send an ambassador, 213. who
was not admitted to an audi-
ence till after his death, 2 J 4.

the States eoudule with Charle

II. on his father's murder,
268. circumstances tbat made
Charles It's departure frorn
flolland necessary, 297.. he
deli vers a memorial to the
States, 300. the States unwil-
ling that he should return to
the flague, 40 I. or that the
duke of York should remain
there, 483. in\'ited by the
English parliament to a strict
union, 594. without effect, 59 6 .
thereupon the act of naviga-
tion passed against them, 596.
their shivs ordered in conse-
quence not to strike to the
English, 598. a war begun 011
this account, ib. the message
of the States to parliament,
599. their answer, 600. Blake
t
kes their fishing busses, and
their guard ships, 601. sir G.
Ayscue takes or sinks thirty
sail of their merchants, ib. and
fights theil' fleet near Ply-
Inouth, ib. Charles II. proposes
that he should join his interest
with theirs, 603. they thank
him, but decline his proposal,
60$. their fleet beaten by
]3Iake, 606. they send again to
the parliament for peace, ib.
Cromwell never zealous for
this \Val', but governed in it by
Saint-J ohn, 607. their fleet
beaten again. 1653. vii. 21.
they send four commissioners
to treat of peace with the pro-
tector, 22. how received, ib.
their fleet again heaten, and
their admiral, Van Trump,
s1ain, 23. Cromwell Blakes
peacc with them, 25. the States
General congratulate the king's
coming to Breda; and the
States of Holland in,,'itc him to
the lIague, 495. his reception
and entertainment there, 497.
the fi
heries on the coasts of

I N D E X.

Scot1and and the isles of Ork-
ney, a source of great trade to
Holland, vi. 601.
Holland, Henry Rich, first carl
of, i. 280, 486, 501. ii. 18,
579, 59 1 , 243. iii. 14 0 , 143,
15 6 . iv. 206, 27 J. vi. 10 3, 403.
IV. ii. 444. his familv, Ì. I 10.
served in the war in iIoIIand,
ib. became very acceptable to
the duke of Buckingham, I I I.
whom he courted implicitly, ib.
but his friendship was more
entire to the earl of Carlisle,
ib. had a fortune by his wife,
Isabel Cope, ib, placed about the
prince of 'Vales through the
duke's interest, I 12. Blade earl
of Holland, iv. hi
other ho-
nours, ib. had the queeu's good
opinion, ib. and was conse-
quently an enemy to the earl
of Portland, ib. made gene-
ral of the horse against the
Scotch covenanters, 202. his re-
treat from Dunce, 2 I o. how he
received the covenanters' letter
to him, 213. neither loved the
n1arquis of Hamilton, \Vent-
worth, nor arcllbishop Land,
216. nor almost any thing
then done in church or state,
ib. challenged by the earl of
!\ewcast]e to fight, in conse-
(]uence of an occurrence in the
Scotch expedition, but de-
dines, 22 I, not employed
in the second Scotch expedi-
tion, 249. irreconci]eable to
the earl of Strafford, ib. and
why, 265. one of the com mis-

ioners to treat with the Scots
at Rippon, 274. courted by
the Scotch commissioners,
2 ï 5. and gained over by them,
2 i9. why the queen's favour
was withdrawn from him, 294.
appointed general to disband
the armies aft{'r the second
Scotch expedition, 477. the

lnisfortune of his appointment,
478. his conduct in conse-
quence of the king's refusing
to make some one a baron, ii.
2, 597. declares for the fac-
tious party, 12, 603. will not
attend the king to l-Iampton-
court, though groom of the
stole, 163. and dissuaded the
earl of Essex from attending,
ib. sent to the king by the par-
liament, with their dedara-
tion, 287
288. ob
el'\'ations
on bis rise and conduct, 327.
iii. 561. deprived of his office
of groom of the stole, ii. 610,
61 I. presented the parlia-
nlent'8 petition to the king at
]3e\'erley, iii. 123. the king's
censure of hiln, 143. reasons of
his rancorous hostility to the
king, 144. one of the cOlnmis-
sinners sent by parliament to
the king with propositions of
peace, 402. weary of the war,
iv. 139. puts himself into the
king's quarters, 193. it is de-
bated how he should be re-
ceived, 202. had frolll the tilHe
of the qucen's return froIlI
abroad privately lnade offer of
his service to her
and re-
newed his old friend
hip
with Jermyn, 208. particulars
respecting his going to Ox-
ford, 200, n. 209, 210, 224, Jl.
waited on the king at the
siege of Gloucester, 2 [ I. be-
haved bra\'elv in the battle of

ewbury, 262. why displeased
\vith his reception, 262, 263.
did not act his part well, 265,
266. chancellor Qf the exche-
quer's advice to him, 267, 2ú8.
rl'turns to the parliament's
quarters, 27 0 , 332, 333, 11.
('omlnitted
to prison by par-
liament on his return, 336.
prepar
s to rise with the duke
of Hucks and others in favour

I .N D E X.

of the king, vi. 5, 39, 4 0 .
goes to Kingston, 95. is rout-
ed there, 97. escapes to St.
N eot's, where he is taken, ý8.
tried by a new high court of
justice, 252, 253. condemned,
255. his petition for his life
rejected_ by the commons,
chiefly through Cromwell's
animosity, 257. beheaded, 262.
his behaviour, ib. bishop 'Var-
burton's bad opinion of him,
w. i. 22 I. ii. 2. iii. 485. ac-
cording to the bishop, he lived
like a knave, and died like a
fool, 1fT. i. 478. and was des-
picable in his intellectual, but
Illore despicabl
in his nIoral
faculties, TV. ii. 144.
I-Iolland,
ir John, one of the
committee appointed by parlia-
ment to present their petition
to the king at Beverley, iii.
123. one of their commissioners
to treat with him, 486, 528.
one of the committee sent
by parliament to wait upon
Charles II. at the Hague,
499.
I-lol1is, Denzil, ii. 226. iii. 68,
616. IV. iii. 82. his family,
character, and conduct, i. 329.
one of the leading lHen in the
house of commons, 3 2 9, 347,
n. how far trusted, 348, n. a
plan of luaking hiln secretary
of state, 3 1 4, 371,445. not
hostile to the church, 410.
what advantage might 11ave
arisen from his being gained
over, ii. 60. one of the five
members of the commons ac-
cllsed of high treason by the
king's order, 124, 604. fur-
ther particulars relative to the
charge, 125, 130, L.t-7, 156,
162, 164, 169, 184, 192, 606,
21.9, 25 8 , 27 6 , 280,306, 316,
34 2 , 4.E), 459, 477, 54 8 . iii.

44, '56, 618. sent down by
parliament into the west with
the earl of Bedford, iii. 202,
608. lieutenant of 13ristoJ,
196. one of the parliament's
commissioners to treat at Ux-
bridge, v. 36. his feeling with
respect to the presbyterian
and independent parties, 76.
opposed the self-denying ordi-
nance, 89. one of the leading
members in the commons,
454. his insult to Ireton,
455. one of the eleven rnem-
bers impeached by the army,
ib. l\Ionk consults hiln and
other leaders of the presbyte-
rian party respecting Charles
II.'s restoration, vii. 449. one
of the committee sent by par-
liament to wait upon the king
at the fIagne, 499. according
to bishop 'Varburton's conl-
nlent, he abhorred the rebellion,
W. ii. 443. also according to
the bishop, urged the {'arl of
Essex to pursue the king after
the b3.ttle of Edge-hill. iii.
299-
I-Iooker, Richard, iii. 8. 1V. v. 56.
vi. 168.
Hopton, sir Ralph, afterwards
lord, iii. 200. iv. 149, 612,
] 94, 3 1 7, 395, 45 0 , 4$ 1, 45 2 ,
4 82 . v. 136, n. 149, 157, n.
195, 234, 24 1 , 'll. 243, 244,
n
25 8 , 271, 307, 317, 3 18 ,
332, n. 382, n. cOInnlÌtted to
the Tower bv the conllnOllS
for certain eXI;ressions relative
to their declaration to the
king, ii. 282. sent into the
west to assist in forming an
army for the king, iii. 120,
181, 608. arms a troop of
dragoons at his own charge,
200. sent into Cornwall, 226,
.p 8. his and sir B. Greenvil's
progress there, 418-429,52 I,

I N D E X.

fl. iv. 96, 600, II I, 116. beats
t he parliament's forces under
Huthen at Bradock-down, iii.
....28. takes Saltash, 430. present
at the defeat of the earl of
Stanlford at Stratton, i\T. 98. his
reputation in the west second
to no man's, II I. wounded in
the battle of Lansdown, 125,
126, 606, 610. looked upon
as the soul of the western
army, J 27. particulars of His
being appointed governor of
Bristol, 163-167, 616. his
regret r
specting the differ-
ences that arose, 167. Inade
baron Hopton of Stratton,
177. one of the lords who
signed the letter to the privy-
council and conservators of
the peace in Scotland, 633.
his character, 425, n. 473. W.
iv. 473. possesses himself of
\Viuchester, iV.448, 449. takes
Arundel castle, 453. which is
}.ctaken by sir W. 'Valler, 457.
weakened by the loss of co-
lonel Boles's reginlent, 456.
458, 459. joined by the earl
of Brentford, 458. the closest
friendship between them, 459.
sir 'V. 'Valler has the advan-
tage over him atAlresford, 426,
460. chiefly owing to sir A.
Haslerig's lobsters, 460. much
consulted by the king in mi-
litary affairs, 47 I. ulade general
of the ordnance, 53 0 , n. 53 I.
one of the prince of \Vales's
council, v. II. sent to Bristol,
83, 12 4, J 39. disparaged by
lord Goring, 156, 243. the
prince's counci1 firm in his
favour, 157. ordered by the
king to command the forces
under the prince, 190. sir R.
Greenvi}, s jealousy of him,
270. who afterwards recom-
mends 11ill1 or the earl of

J3renttord to cOßllnanù in
chief, 305. he is appointed,
306. yet to the dissatisfac-
tion of sir Richard Greenvil,
3 08 . his movements, 310,
3 13. his forces routed at Tor-
rington by sir T. Fairfax, 3 14.
his movements afterwards, 315,
316. dissolves his army, 320,
3 2 1. goes to Scilly, 3 22 , 359.
remained in Jersey upon the
prince of Wales's departure
into France, 4-06. has a parti-
cu)ar friendship for sir H. Kil-
ligrew, 425. attends the prince
to join the fleet at Helvoet-
sluys, vi. 33. the only one of
the prince's council of whOln
nobody spoke ill, 82. the king's
ambassador in Spain, 382, n.
Hopton-heath, the earl of North-
ampton slain there, having first
vanquished the parliament's
horse, iii. 458.
Horner, sir John, iii. 197, 20 l-
iv. 146.
Horton, colonel, iv. 578.
Hothanl, sir John, ii. 16, 261,
445, 45 2 , 618, 620. iii. 18 5.
inveighs in parJiament against
the earl of Strafford, i. 302.
what use nlade of him in the
hûuse, 329. why united with
the factious party, 347, n. iii.
600. active for the bill to take
away the court of York, i. 418.
why, and on what occasion he
supported l\lr. Hyde in the
house, ii. 45, 48. appointed by
the parlian1ent go\-ernor of
Hull, 173, 18 I. differences re.
specting his conduct between
the king and parliament, 35 I,
355, 37 8 , 3 81 , 3 86 -3 8 9.
393-4 02 , 4 J 6, 4 2 9, 434

5 0 7, 5 0 9, 5 18 , 5 2 3-53 2 .
560. iii. 22-27, 76,95, 120,
130, 137, 15 6 , 161. particu-
lars of his refusing the king

I N D .E X.

admittance into I-lull, ii. 382
-386
382, n. 608. his con-
duct approved of by parlia-
ment, 386, 398. lord Digby's
transactions ,vith him at Hull,
iii. J 62, 599. allows him and
Ashburnham to escape, 168,
17 I, 609. notice of his cha-
racter, 164. the parliament
would have been absolute mas-
ters of Yorkshire but for his
improper conduct, 44 I. exe-
cuted ,vith his son, by order
of parliament, chiefly for cor-
responding with the marquis
of Neweastle, v. 1 18, 119. bi-
shop "Varburton's remark on
one particular of his conduct,
"Iv. iii. 161. and on a weak
observation of lord Clarendon's
respecting his death, W. v. 121.
Hotham, the son, ii. 48. iii.596.
sent with his father by the
parliament to Hull, ii. J 8 I.
who had more confidence in
him than in bis father, 397.
iii. 163. and used him as a
spy over him, iii. 163, 600.
what his father said against him,
165, 599. cabals against his
father, 170. infested Yorkshire,
435, 439. was against allow-
ing a neutrality in that county,
438. executed with his father,
chiefly for holding a corre-
spondence with the nlarquis
of Newcastle, v. 1 T 8, 119. bi-
shop 'Varburton's censure of
a renmrk of the historian's
upon their death, UTe V. 121.
Howard of Charleton, Charles
lord, afterwards second earl of
Berkshire, one of the lords
who signed the letter to the
privy-council and conservators
of the peace in Scotland, iv.
63 2 .
Howard of Escrick, Edward Jord,
one of thc king's commission-

ers to treat with the Scot
at
Rippon, i. 274. coincided with
others in the prosecution of
archbishop Laud and the earl
of Strafford, 321. one of the
con1n1ittee sent by parliament
to be a check upon Charles J.
in Scotland, 494. ii. 15. one
of those sent with the parlia-
Inenfs answer to the king's
message concerning I-Iull, 397.
iii. 578. one of the few lords
who attended parliament, iv.
4 0 3, 63 0 .
Howard, colonel ThOlnas, IV.
10 7, 119.
Howard, \Villiam, signed the ana-
baptists' address to Charles II.
vii. 266.
Hudleston, - 8ent to Charles
II. in his flight fron1 'V orces-
ter, by Careless, and brings
hiln to lord 'Vilmot, vi. 524.
and to 1\lrs. Lane's house, 526.
Hudson, - acted as guide to
Charles I. through the by-ways
from Oxford, when he put
himself into the Scotch quar-
ters before Newark, v. 394.
Huet, (see Hewet.)
I-Iugonots in France, declared
enemies to Charles I. iii. 362.
Hull,
ir J. Hothmu appointed
governor of, by parliament, ii.
173, 181. differences between
the king and parliament re-
specting this appointment, ii.
180, 181,35 1 , 355,378,381,
3 86 -3 8 9, 393-4 02 , 4 16 ,
42
43
5 0 7,5 0 9, 5 18 , 5 2 3
-53 2 , 5 60 . iii. 22-27,. 76,
95, 120, 13 0 , 137, 15 6 , ]61.
order of parlimuent concern-
ing Hull, ii. 295. their petition
to the king to renuwe the nla-
gazine froBl thence, 350. his
answer, 35 I. the magazine rc-
moved notwithstanding, 356.
particulars of sir .J. Hotham's

I N D E X.

refusing the king admittance
into Hull, ii. 382-386, 382,
n. 608. his conduct approved
of by parliament, 3 86 , 398.
H u
.gary, }'erdinal1d III. king of,
Vll. 50.
Hungerford, sir Edward, iv. 60S,
60 9.
Huntingdon, Henry Hastings,
fifth earl of, iii. 453.
Huntingdon, sixth earl of, (see
lord Hastings.)
Huntington, major, v. 4 8 4, 491.
one of the best officers the par-
liament had, v. 484. on wh01n
Cromwell relied luore than any
one, ib. 111ade tender of hi

services to Charles II. vii. 432.
Hurry, (see Dr..y.)
Hutton, sir Richard, judge, no-
tice of, v. 293.
Hutton, sir Richard, the son, v.
292. notice of, 293.
Hyde, captain, ii. 461.
Hyde, sir Edward, afterwards
earl of Clarendon, i. 333, 334,
373, 374. ii. 18, 27, 7 6 , n.
597, 494, n. iii. 59], 168, 'fl..
245, 11. 25 2 , n. 255, 'fl.. 257,
'fl.. 630, 287, 11. 559, n. (as
chancellor of the exchequer,)
539, 'll. iv. 60 I, 60 3, 6 15, 20 9,
224, n. 264,31 I, 39 6 , n, v. 9,
79, n. 160, n. 168, 201, n.
234, 23 6 , 27 0 , 3 18 , 3 2 4, 33 2 ,
n. 333, n. 335,n.383. vi. Z3, '11.
82,84,85, 12 7,128,14 0 ,14 8 ,
15 1 , n. 333, 479, 49 8 , 57 2 ,
575, 60 3, 61 7. vii. 56, 64,
65, 66, 9 8 , 135, 137, 14 8 ,
15 I, 435, 44 6 , 452, W. i.
29 2 . ii. 3 T 3, 43 8 . iii. 434,
455. iv. 80, 13 8 , 266, 3 06 ,
34 6 , 5 82 . v. 73, 24 2 , 375,
379, 4 12 . vi. 235, 29 2 , 3] 2.
vii. 38. his object in writing
the history of the rebellion, i.
L v. 129". his fitness for the
undertaking, i. 4. what fallacy

runs through his history, ac-
cording to bishop \Varburton,
w. i. 73. sat as nlember for
\V otten-Basset in the first par-
liament of J 640. i. 233, '/l.
his speech in the house about
a supply to be granted to
Charles I. in lieu of ship-
Inoney, 243. his regret at the
dissolution of this parliament,
246. returned for a borough
in Cornwall in the long par-
liament, 298, n. chairman of
the conHlli ttee respecting tlle
bill against the court of 'York,
419, 42 I. obtains great credit
for his speech npon it, 42 I.
why he did not obtain a vote
of thanks, as was proposed by
the northern l11embers, ib. Jr.
in loco bv the earl of Bed-
ford's desire, attempts to alter
the earl of Essex's resolution
with respect to the earl of
Strafford, i. 422-426. but in
vain, 426. importuned not to
nan1e the n1arquis of Hamil-
ton as one of the king's evil
counsellors, 48 J, 482. why
made chairnlan of the com-
mittee concerning the bill for
the abolition of episcopacy,
483. which he ne\'ertheless
lllateria}ly obstructs, 4 8 3, 484.
how far concerned in the in-
tended prosecution of lord
}'inch, 523, 525. TY. i. 3 I I.
and of sir 1-1 . Vane, 117. i. 3 J I.
protests against the' remon-
strance of the house of com-
mons being printed, ii. 43. in
cunsequence of his service
against the court of York, the
northern members prevent his
being prosecuted for protest-
ing, 45, 46. his defence of
hilnself: 47. and of Jeffery
Palmer, 48. oppuses a com-
luittee being appointed re-

I 1': D E X.

pecting the n1Ïlitia, 77. wished
lord Digby to ad\Tise the king
to appoint lord Falkland se-
cretary of state, and sir .J.
Colevepper chancellor of the
exchequer, 93, and 'tl. with
difficulty persuaded lord Falk-
land to accept the office, 95.
his reasons for declining any
office himself, 97. one of those
called by tlte rabble disaffected
to the kingdom, 103, 1l. the
king declares he would do no-
thing concerning the house of
commons without his, lord
Falkland's, and sir J. Cole-
pepper's advice, 98. lord Digby
had been instrumental in pro-
moting these three to the
king's favour, 100. and had a
great esteem for them hi mself,
ib. the three discouraged, by
the king prosecuting lord Killl-
bolton and five members of the
commons without consulting
them, 133. under great re-
proach for his friendship with
lord Digby, 136, n. ad\Tised
not to approve of the killg's
prosecution, ib. his speech not-
withstanding, 139, and n. one
of those nlost trusted in the
commons by the king, 493.
had a great friendship with
lord Falkland, 494. and a
great respect for lord Little-
ton, ib. his conversation with
hinl respecting the king-'s be-
ing dissatisfied with his con-
duct, 495 - 497. how far
concerned in preventing the
great seal from beiug taken
awav fro III him, and in ill-
dncï"ng him to join the ling
at York, 488, n. 498-500.
prepares the king's message
for peace to parliament at the
opening of the war, iii. 62 I.
the king thanks him for tlIP
vo,.. VIII.

style in which he had drawn
it .up, 622. yet laments to him
that his council advised this
step, ib. points out to the
king the probable advantages
of it, 623. one of those ex-
cepted by parliament frOll1
making peace with them on
any terms, 240. joins the king
at York, 245, n. (archbishop)
Sheldon his friend, ib. accom-
panied the prince of 'Vales
aud duke of York out of the
battle of Edge-hill, when it
was doubtful, 633.
he earl of
Lindsey his friend, 287, u.
nlade chancellor of the exche-
quer, (under which title he is
hereafter mentioned,) 538, n.
v. 38. the marquis of Hertford,
his friend, iii. 5+ I, 'll. and the earl
of Southampton, 543,n. why en-
tertained great kindness for the
earl of l"}embroke, 557. n. sup-
posed to know as much as most
men about the design of l\1r.
\ValIerandl\lr.Tonlkins, iv. 58.
laments the death of viscount
Granùison, 6 15. seldOll1 spoke
without some earnestness, 203.
advises that the lords who
came over to the king froBI
parliament should be well re-
ceived, ib. why very civil to the
earl of Holland, 2 [0, 21 I.
with difficulty persnades the
king to make sir A. A. Cooper
governor of'Veymonth iucom-
pliance with the wishes of the
Inarquis of I-fertford, 220-
225. has not related the trans-
actions in the northern parts,
not being present, nor having
any part in those counsels,
347. his expedients adopted,
that the peers about the king
should write to the council in
Scotlanù 347,11.3+8. the letter,
632. drawn up b) him, 348,
z

I :N D E X.

'n. and that a parliaInent should
be snlllmoned at Oxford of
those mem bers who had left
that at 'Vestminster, 347, n.
35 I. had a kindness for the
earl of Leicester, 348, rl. his
firm persuasion that the king
was not concerned in the re-
bellion of Ireland, 365. one of
those appointed to investigate
the accusations against duke
Hamilton, 433. appointed one
of the prince of \Vales's coun-
cil, V. I I. out of esteem for
abp. Laud he ad,"ises the king
to send him a pardon under the
great seal, 33. one of the king's
commissioners to treat at Ux-
bridge, 37. prepared all the
papers at the treaty, 47, n. the
earl of Lowden in vain tries to
prevail on him to persuade the
king to give up the church, 47,
48. his answer to the earl's
speech against episcopacy, 58.
his comments to prove the
king's coun
els just, 63-65.
much to the confusion of the
parliament commissioners, 63-
the earl of Pembroke in vain
tries to persuade him t.hat it
was reasonable to consent to
all the parliament demanded,
72. differed from the other com-
missioners about the militia, 78,
n. troubled at being olïe in the
king's intended list of those
in whom he would consent to
vest the power of the militia,
79, n. draws up prince Ru-
pert's answer to the earl of Es..
sex, J 23, n. he was not usual to
be reserved in sharpness, ib.
why he resolved never to co-
operate with lord Goring, 157,
'n. 158, n. notwithstanding his
{'ourteous deportment towards
him, J 58, n. charged by him
with having said he was not

to be trusted, 194, n. one of
the commissioners to inq?ire
into the complaints agaInst
sir R. Greenvil, 163. unable to
wait on the king in 'Vales,
by reason of the gout, 230.
his opinion as to the prince's
sending a Inessage of peace to
Fairfax, 24 I, n. his conference
with lord Goring, 242, n. re-
mained in Jersey after the
prince's departure into France,
4 06 . Charles I.'s opinion of
him, 4 I 2. sir H. Killigrew his
intimate friend, 425. substance
of the king's letter to him, 476.
sent for to the prince from
.Jersev, vi. 20, 21. his and
lord Cottingtoll's capture be-
fore they joined the prince;
76-78. most esteemed of all
the prince's council by prince
Rupert, J 51, n. sent by Char]es
II. to confer with the marquis
of l\Iollntrose in a village near
the Hague, 285, 286. lady
Aubigney his friend, 29 I, 292.
his conference with duke Ha-
nlilton concerning the aftlirs
of Scot]and, 293. and with
lord Cottington concerning the
king's sending an embassy in-
to Spain, 3 J o. why disposed
to go on this embassy, 3 12.
the queen unfavourabletowards
him, 312, 329. he and lord
Cottington appointed anlbas-
sadors, 3 13, and n. why the
Scots rejoiced at his appoint-
ment, 3 13, n. the marquis of
l\lountrose's altered behaviour
to him in consequence, 3 14, n.
why others were sorry at it, ib.
appointed to make a declaration
relating toEngland, 3 18. which
was laid aside owing to the
different opinions upon it, 32 J

323. the ambassadors begin
their journey, 325. visit the

I :\I 1) E X.

duke of Lorrain at Brw
sels,
326. proceed to Paris to wait
on the king and queen, 33 I,
332. his private audience with
the queen, 336, 337. her good
opinion of his talents and loy-
alty, 354, n. anecdote to his
credit of a conversation of her's,
ib. the atnbassadors begin their
journey tor Spain, 357-369.
his account of certain public
spectacles at
Iadrid, 369, n. an
account of their audience, 378.
they ha\'ea hOllseassigned them,
381. their private audience and
demands, 388. the answer they
receive, ib. prince Rupert's let-
ter to him, 390. his occupation
there, ib. they are ordered hy
Charles II. to remain where
they were, 405. their audience
with the Spanish king, 406.
they expostulate wi th don
Lewis de Haro, respecting the
reception of Ascham as the
parliamentary agent in Spain,
442. they write to don Lewis
about his murder, 445. are or-
dered by the Spanish king to
leave l\ladrid} and why, 458,
459,460. they have audience of
leave, 464. he is dismissed \"ery
courteously, 467. in his passage
through France he waits on the
queen-mother, 468. speaks with
herabout Dr.Cosing's being for-
bid to officiate to the prote5ltants
in her family at Paris, 480. con-
fers with l\Ir. l\Iontague about
it, 482. finds the duke of York
at Breda, 483. sent for by the
king at Paris, 542, 543. where
he receives from hin1 the ac-
count of his escape after the
battle of 'Vorcester, 543. his
friendship with the marquis of
Ormond, 557. without which
be could not have borne what
he did, $58. sir J. Berkley

tries to prejudice the duke of
York against him, 560. one of
the king's new council, 56 I.
tries to dissuade sir J. Berkley
from applying for the master-
ship of the wrtrds, 563. \\"ho
breaks with him, in conse-
quence of the king's refusal to
grant it, 565. his opinion as to
the duke of ''''ork's going into
the Fren('harmy, 566. generally
liked, 567. dissuades the king
from attending the H ugonot
church at
harenton, 5 i 3. a}J-
pointed to make all the king's
despatches for Scotland, 5 i9.
desires not to be en1ployed, 580.
the king's reply to him, 58 J.
he snbmit
, 582. the queen
more prejudiced against him
in consequence, 583. his na-
tural prejndice against Scot-
land, 580, n. all failures in so-
liciting for places attrihuted to
him, 587. the queen consults
him about the marriage of the
duke of York, 591. acted as
secretary of state during- the
king's stay in France, vii. 56.
his uneasy state there, 58. the
queen is against him there, 59.
a petition intended of the
Scotch presbyterians by Ral-
carris and .Frazier for his re-
moval, ib. and of the Roman
catholics also against him, 60.
the king quashes them both,
61. designs to mortify him, 66,
69. accused by
Ir. Long of
having conversed with Crom-
well, 70. lord keeper Littleton
accuses him of ha\'ing spùken
ill of the king, 73. his defence,
74- the king declares that he
took nothing ill that he had
said, 76. forgi\'es l\Ir. Long,
77. at the king's reqnest, ha
an audience of the queen-mo-
ther, before his departure from
Z :I

I N D E X.

France, 92, 93. his discourse
with the king about his going
into Scotland, and his reply,
110. the queen ascribes to him
the recall of the duke of Glou-
cester from her, 1 23. how far
concerned in the discovery of
the treachery of l\fanning,
51
-154, 15 8 . sent to Brussels
to confer with don Alonzo de
Cardinas, 225, 229. made lord
chaneellor, 236. was against
the marquis of Ormond's going
into England, 239. bishop
\Varburton's remark that lord
Clarendon has fulfilled his de-
claration of preserving himself
from the least sharpness fron1
private provocation in the case
of his mortal enemy lord Dig-
by, W. i. 5. v. 371. a state-
ment of his, relative to the first
duke of Buckingham, corrected
by the bishop, 60. why, ac-
cording to the bishop, his his-
tory has lost much of its inte-
grity, ii. 495. the bishop's re-
mark on the effect of the pa-
pers Clarendon wrote in the
king's name from York, iii.
460. his characters, according
to the bishop, give the high-
est idea of the virtue and in-
tegrity and incomparable elo-
quence of this historian, 549.
the bishop's explanation of an
expression in his character of
Hambden, iv. 95. the bishop
considers him superior to all
the Greek and Latin histo-
rians put together in his know-
ledge of human nature, 314.
the bishop's notice of his ve-
neration for courts, v. 383.
the bishop's remark upon his
not noticing the virtuoso cha-
racter of Charles I. vi. 249.
the bishop's comlnent on the
queen's dislike to him, vii. 95.

Hyde, sir Robert, sergeant, after-
wards chief justice of the king's
bench, vi. 540.
I.
Jamaica} city of, taken by Pen
and 'T enables, vii. 178. Crom-
well sends recruits there, 180.
James, - i. 437.
James I. i. 93, 9 6 , 106, 107,
110,113,115,14 8 ,197,35 0 ,
35 6 , 4 20 , 4 62 . ii. 51, 10 4,
244, 4 1 7. iii. 12 3, 3 6 4, 539,
544, 559. iv. .5 20
5 6 3. v. 549.
vi. 234, 253, 428,466. vii. 25,
106. viii. 7. W. ii. 195. his
death, i. 6, 43. succeeded by
Charles I. ib. state of the king-
dom at that time, 6. though
learned, vet fond of handsome
persons ånd fine clothes, 17.
quick sighted in discerning dif-
· ficulties, and very slow in mas-
tering them, 22. weary of his
favourite, the earl of Somerset,
he first noticed l\ir. ViJliers,
(duke of Buckingham,) ib. the
favours he conferred upon him,
18, 19. even allowed hiln to
dispose of e\Tery public honour -
and office, 18. many thought
that he grew weary of hin1,
and had he lived, would have
deprived him of his power, 19.
1fT. i. 20. why not probable, i.
19. never well pleased with hinl
after prince
harles's journey
into Spain, 20, 3 2 , 39. how
his consent to the journey was
obtained, 22, 32. his reasons
against it, 27. usually called
Buckingham, Stenny, and his
son, Baby Charles, 30. calls a
parliament after the prince's
return from Spain, 33. offended
also with Buckingham, as the
cause of the earl of lVJiddl.esex's
impeachment, 39, 4 0 . his pro-
phetic declaration to prince
Charles and Buckingham con-

I N D E X.

cerning parliamentary im-
peachments, in consequence
of their supporting that a-
gainst the earl of 1\liddlesex,
41. his weakness in still lis-
tening to Buckingharn, and
deserting the earl of Bristol,
42. libels circulated against
him after his death, 43. the
earl of 1\lontgomery one of his
fayourites before the earl of So-
merset, 10-1-, 105. the felicity of
the times before the long parlia-
ment of Charles con1pared with
his reign, 132. he intended to
have introduced the English li-
turgy into Scotland, 145 .jealous
at his first coming into England
of those who had the reputa-
tion of great parts, 105. his
partia1ity for the earl of Car-
lisle, 108. the earl of Holland
got into his grace by the hand-
someness of hi3 person, I I I.
his observation on the inso-
lence of the Scotch preachers,
153.
James II. (see duke of York.)
Jarvis, captain, iv. 55 2 , 557.
Jealousiés arise among the king's
principal officers about the go-
\'ernment of Bristol, iv. 162.
Jenkins, - vi. 154, n. 168.
.J enuings, Italph, signed the ana-
baptists' address to Charles II.
vii. 266.
.Tephson, captain, Ìv. 557.
Jermyn, .fermin, Henry, first lord,
and afterwards earl of St. AI-
ba.n's, iv. 2 10, (as lord,) 263,
26 4, 35 I. v. 359, 36.
. vi. 325,
3 2 9, 5 6 9, 579, 608. 1fT. i.
4 28 , 439, 44 0 . v. 4-1- 6 , 447-
vi. 3 2 , 473, 54 2 , 57 0 , 583,
588. fled the country, owing
to the discovery of the COffi-
Inunication between the conrt
and army, i. 4 6 9, 47 I, 535.
ii. 589. notice of his flight ill

the cOlllluunications between
the king and parliament, ii.
27 6 , 286, 3 06 , 45 8 , 479, 557.
being courted by the earl ofHol-
land, he induces the queen tore-
ceive the earl again into favour,
iv. 208. valued hÍ1nself on the
impossible faculty of pleasing
all, and displeasing none, 2 10.
made a baron, 263. \vounded
at A wborne chase, 233. one
of the lords who signed the
letter to the privy-couneil and
conservators of the peace in
Scotland, 633. was governor
of Jersey, v. 382. sent to Jer-
sey to take the prince of\\Tales
to the queen in France, 370,
n. 382, 398. his and lord
Digby's arguments in favour
of the prince's going, 402.
Charles l.'s opinion of his ad-
vice as to the church, 412.
was tbe chief officer of the
queen's household at l}aris,
555. the earl of IIolland re-
news his friendship with him,
vi. 6. encourages the risings
in England in favour of the
king, 7. his efforts to have the
command of the fleet, 3 2 , 34.
an instance of his covetousness
as governor of Jer
ey, 352. ap-
pointed one of Charles II. 's new
council to please the queen, 56 I.
his feeling and conduct as to
religion, 570. advises Charles
II. to attend the Hugonot
church at Charenton, 57 I,
572. active in the design of
marrying the duke of 'York to
mademoiselle de LonguevilJe,
590, 591. in order to make a
party against the chancellor of
the exchequer, he courts sir
E. Herbert" his a\'owed enenlY,
vii. 66. concerned in 1\lr.
Long's affilir to mortify the
chancelJor, 69, 72. went to
Z3

INDEX.

the king with compliments
from cardinal l\lazarine, 364.
advises that the duke of York
should accept the offer of being
nlade admiral of Spain 9 365.
cardinal l\lazarine persuades
the queen-mother to send him
to invite tIle king into France,
493. made earl of St. Alban's,
ib. according to bishop Burnet,
the queen had a child by him,
W. v. 554. hp. \Varburton says
he was kept by the queen, vi.
35 2 .
Jermyn, sirThon1as, ii.59. iii. 550.
Jersey reduced, sir G. Carteret
being ordered by Charles II.
to make conditions, after a
brave defence of Elizabeth
castle, vi. 608.
Jesuits possess ascendancy in
Gernmny o\-er all other men,
\ii. 128.
Jesus, bowillg at his name for-
bidden by parliament, ii. 7.
Jewels, (see Crown.)
Inchiquin, l\Iurrol1gh O'Brien,
lord, afterwards earl of, v. 526.
vi. 3, 14'2, 143, 14 6 , 147,
27 0 , 349. viii. 759 87, 93,
102, 129. the English parlia-
ment possessed the province
of l\Iullster through his and
lord Broghill's activity, v. 521.
was president of that l)fo\'ince,
524. holds a correspondence
with the marquis of Ormond,
524. viii. 67. and invites him
into l\1unster, viii. 67. concludes
a cessation of arms with the
confederate catholics 9 vi. 14 i 9
340, n. the marquis of Ormond
chiefly depended upon him,
341. is made by him lieute-
nant.gelleral of the army, viii.
85. defeats a body of Jones's
horse, 89. and a body of
O'Neile's army, 92. confinned
in his intentions of serving the

king, vi. 346. departs for 1\1un-
ster" 344- viii. 95. Cromwell
marches into
:Iunster against
him, vi. 396. why unable to
retain l\lunster again
t Cron1"
well, 397. viii. 108. jealousies
against him, viii. 129.
Independents; observations on
the different conduct of the
independent English and the
presbyterian Scots, v. 541. bi-
shop 'Varburton's opinion of
the difference between the two
parties, W. v. 354. how far,
according to the bishop, both
parties were concerned in over-
thro,ving the constitution, vi.
20 7.
Iulanta of Spain, \'i. 38 I.
Ingoldshy, colonel, vii. 429. ad-
vised the protector Itichard to
remain firm to the parliament
against the council of officers,
vii. 310. removed in conse-
quence hy this cOllncil, 3 I 2. sent
against Lamuert bJ the parlia-
ment, 429. one of Lambert's
troo}Js revolt to him, ..1-30. takes
Lambert prisoner, 43 I. makes
tender of his serrice to Charles
II. 432. why the king was per-
plexed with his particular case,
489. anecdote of his having
signed Charles I. 's death-war-
rant by con1pulsion, 490. hi-
shop 'Varhurton discredits this
as an idle story, 1V. in loco
Innocent X. poÍJe, vii. 63, 12 7.
notice of his death, I 24. had
fomented the rebellion in Eng-
land by cheri
hing that in ire-
land, ib.
Inspruck, archduke of, vi. 375, n.
Instructions; the parliament's
instructions to the earl of Es-

ex tht:ir general, iii. 238. the
lords Capel and Colepepper's
instructions when
ent to dis-
suade the king from sending

I N 1> :E X.

for the prince into France, v.
367. the Scotch cOllllnissioners'
private instructions from Ar-
gyle's party, vi. 276.
Instrument of government, Crom-
well installed protector by it,
vii. 18.
Insurrection designed in England
by Charles Il.'s party, vii. 129.
John, don, of Austria, (see Juan.)
Jones, - vii. 139.
Jones,-obliged by the mar-
quis of Ormond to raise his
camp and retire into Dublin,
viii. 87. lord Inchiquin beats
a body of his horse, 89. sallies
out of Dublin and beats the
marquis, vi. 345. viii. 98. who
however takes Ballysonan and
prevents his pursuit, viii. 100,
101. and obliges him to raise
the siege of Drogheda, 101.
.J oyce, cornet" seized upon Charles
I. at IIolmby, \'. 437-441.
Ireland, ii. 160,606,206,221,
223, 227, 228, 230. iii. 5 I I.
\'. 53. iV. i. 254, 26 5. vii. 474.
mention of in the communi-
cations and proceedings be-
tween the king and parliament,
ii. 145, J 4 6 , 177, 204, 208,
21 7,25 0 ,254,260,275,27 6 ,
28
289,291,294,297,304,
311,316,318,319,323,349,
35 2 , 354, 3 8 7, 399, 4] 9,4 20 ,
454,456,457,466,470,519,
5 22 , 545, 553. iii. 13 6 , 24 1 .
iv. 54, 354. its state before the
long parliaInent of Charles I. i.
133. rebellion under sir P.
O'Neil, ii. 19,582. divers opin-
ions respecting it, 583. insi-
nuated by some that it was con-
trived by the king, or at least the
queen, 23, 5 8 4, 67, 236. bp.
\Varbl1rton's comment, IV. ii.
23. proceeùings against the in-
surgents, ii. 588. state of affairs,
67. money raised under pre..

tence of relieving Ireland, a

the prosecution of the war was
committed by the king to the
parliament, 262, propositions
for adventurers in Ireland. 297.
a conunission appointed, 300.
the king offers to go in person to
Ireland, 356. observations on
this design, 373. Spain aided
the rebellion there, iii.358. state
of it with respect to the dif-
ferences between the king and
parliament., 469-483. mise-
rable condition of the army
there, iv. 355. the address of the
lords justices and council to
the king upon the subject, 358.
who is obliged to treat with
the rebels, 362, 363. a cessa-
tion of arms concluded, 364.
disowned by parliament, ib.
the letter fronl parliament to
the lords justices and council
on the subject, 366. their an-
swer, 369. notice of the con-
dition of Ireland, 422, 11. pro-
positions of peace rejected by
the king, v. 5. diseussion re-
specting Ireland, by the com-
lnissioners for a treaty at Ux-
bridge, 6 I. the Irish prisoners
allowed no quarter by the par-
liament, 12 I. the affairs in Ire-
land in 1647. 521. the Inar-
quis of Ormond transports
himself out of England into
France, 522. the reasons t
at
moved him to go again into
Ireland, 524. the affairs of Ire-
land during lord Lisle's being
there, vi. 2. the affitirs of the
Inarquis of Ormond and lord
Inchiquin there, 14 I. an ac-
count of the affairs of the Iri
h
about this time, 143. the cha-
racters of Preston and 0' N eile
their chief genc..a.ls, 145. the
pope's nuncio commands the
Irish, 147. the rnarquis of Or-
z4

I N 1) E X.

lllOnd arrÎ\'es at Kinsale, and
the nuncio leaves Ireland, ib.
an account of the affairs in
Ireland after the marquis's re-
turn, 340. he blocks up Dub-
lin, 344. the lord Inchiquin de-
parts from him for lVIunster, ib.
recruits land at Dublin from
England, ib. Jones sanies out
of Dublin, and beats the mar-
quis's army, 345. Cromwell
lnade by the English parlia-
l1lent lord lieutenant of Ire-
land, 346. provides forces for
his going thither, 349. arrives
at Dublin, 350. which delays
Charles II.'s intended voyage
to Ireland, 35 T. state of
affairs, 16 49. 395. Tredagh
taken by storm, 396. Crom-
well marches into l\lunster, ib.
his success there, 39ï. Charles
II. gives over the thought of
going into Ireland, ib. state of
affairs, 1650. 423. the Eng-
lish parliament refuse to ra-
tify Monk's treaty with Owen
O'Neile, 426. Cromwell gives
the Irish leave to enter into
any foreign service, 428. state
of affairs, 165 I. 545. Ireton
made lord deputy by Crom-
well
546. the marquis of Or-
lTIond's condition there, ib.
Owen O'Neile died, as he was
going to join him, 548, a mu-
tiny in Limerick, whence the
marquis es
aped, 549. the po-
pish bishops make an assem-
bly, and publish a declaration
against the English, 550. they
declare to the marquis of Or-
Ulond that they will no longer
submit to him; anù require
him to commit the government
to a Roman catholic 9 55 I. he
in consequence Inakes the mar-
quis of Clanrickard his deputy,
554. and goes to France, and

waits on the king at Paris after
his escape from ,V orcester, ib.
Ireton dies in Limerick of the
plague, 612. Ludlow succeeds
him in the charge of the arn1Y,
ib. the ill condition of the lTIar-
quis of Clanrickard's affairs,
614. the rebels resolve to in-
vite the duke of Lorrain into
Ireland, ib. commissioners sent
to him to Brussels, 616. he
sends an abbot into Ireland to
be informed of the state of it,
6 J 7. the Ù1arquis of Clan-
rickard renounces any consent
to the treaty, 6 I 8. the abbot
returns to the duke, who gives
over the negcciation, 620. the
marquis discovers a correspon-
dence nmnaged by a friar be-
tween the popish Irish clergy
and Ludlow, 62 I. he sends
the earl of Castlehaven to give
an account of all to the king,
622. who sends him leave to
retire, ib. state of Ireland un-
der the protector, vii. 33,169.
its affairs for some years past
till 1660. 473. notice respect-
ing property purchased in Ire-
land by the city of London,
ii. 151, 152. Lord Clarendon's
preface to his Short Yiew of
the State and Condition of
lre]and, viii. 1. the occasion
of this treatise, 3. the happy
condition of Ireland before
1640. 5. the seeds of the civil
war there, 8. the massacre,
9. the Irish not generally con-
cerned in it, 18. a foul stra-
tagenl of theirs, in pretending
the king"s approbation of the
rebellion, 12. t1le fatal conse-
quences of it, ib. the cruel
prosecution of the \Var by the
parliament, 15. tbe gentle me-
thods taken by his majesty, 16.
the courage and conduct of

I
D :E X.

the marquis of Ormond, lord
lieutenant, ib. the battle of
Kilrush, 17. the battle of Rosse,
ib. the Irish petition for a treaty,
18. a cessation agreed to, ib.
the high demands of the Ro-
manists, 20. the cessation con-
t:ruled, 2 I. bis majesty's good
advice to the catholic cOlumis-
sioners, 22. the treaty ineffec-
tual, 24. the ruin of his Ina-
jesty and his kingdoms, ib. an
assemblv of the confederate
catholic
in the year 1645. 25.
appoint commissioners for a
new treaty, ib. articles signed,
ib. th
lord lieutenant invited
to Kilkenny, 26. consequences
of the treaty obstructed by the
Irish catholic clergy, 27, pro-
ceedings of their assembly at
'Vaterford, ib. which occasion-
ed popular tumults, particu-
larly in Limerick, 28. where
the magistrates are displaced,
ib. these disorders supported
byan armyunderOwen O"Neal,
who endeavours to surprise the
lord lieutenant, 29. the assem-
blv at 'Vaterford declares the
p
ace void, 30. the nuncio
assumes the supreme power, ib.
his exercise of it, ,ib. Owen
O'Keal enters the queen's
county, 31. strange decree of
the Irish catholic clergy, 3 2 .
strange writing of the titular
bishop of Ossory, 34. the laity
more n1oderate, 35. but dis-
appointed by the assembly's
decree of exconllnunication,
35, 3 6 . the nuncio marches
two armies to Dublin, 37.
haughty propositions to the lord
licutenant, 38. the difficulties
he lay under, 39. is obliged to
treat with the parliament, 4 I.
whieh more inclines the Irish
to peace, 42. but heightcns the

parlialuent comn1issioners, ib.
jealousies of the Irish, 44. re-
moved by the marquis of Clan-
rickard, ib. the Irish general
Preston and his officers enter
into an engagement, 45. the
marquis of Clanrickard made
general of the army, 46. de-
fection of Preston's officers,
47. the Inarquis reduced to
great. hardships, 48. strange
proceedings of the general as-
sembly, ib. the royal cause
rendered desperate, 49. rea-
sons for putting Dublin into
the hands of the English ra-
ther than of the Irish, 50. the
design of separating Ireland
from England entertained by
some, 5 I. his majesty's in-
structions to the lord lieute-
nant, 52. who proposes to de-
liver Dublin to the English
rebels, 54. which alarms the
Irish confederates, ib. their
overture to him, 55. ll1essage
from O'Neal to him, ib. his
character, 56. he writes to the
snpren1e council for a cessa-
tion, ib. his advice how re-
ceived, ib. the lord lieutenant
constrained to deliver up Dub-
lin, &c. to the English rebels,
and leave Ireland, 57. fillse
aspersions on hin1, ib. vindica-
tion of him, 58. treachery of
the English army, 61. the lord
lieutenant waits on his ma-
jesty, and acquaints hiln with
his care for his majesty's
er-
vice, 62. original of the duke
of Hamilton's engagement, 63.
the rebels more strictly contine
the king, 64. violate tl;eir arti-
cles with the lord lieutenant,
ib. and banish hiln frOln Lon-
don, 65. and give orders to
s
ize him, ib. he secretly lem'es
England, and arrives in i
'rance,

I N D E X.

ib. projects again to \'i
it Ire-
land, ib. lord Inchiquin invites
him into l\lunster, 67. the
confederate catholics make war
against the nuncio, ib. and be-
siege him in Galway, ib, the
nuncio compelled to fly fron1
Ireland, 68. memorial to the
pope against him, ib. the lord
lieutenant in vain solicits sup-
plies from France
74. arri\'es
in Ireland with a small retinue,
ib. reasons for his return, vi.
5 2 4. writes to the assembly at
Kilkenny, viii. 75. commis-
sioners sent to treat with him,
76. invited to Kilkenny by the
assembly, ib. peace concluded,
77. lord lieutenant's speech to
the assembly, 78. O'Neal re-
fuses to submit to the peace,
82. the many difficulties the
lord lieutenant had to struggle
with, 83. borrows Inone)' of the
towns, 85. promotions in the
army, ib. earl of Castlehaven
take.s some of O'Neal's garri-
sons, 86. rendezvous of the
army, ib. the lord lieutenant
take.s T albofs town and Castle
Talbot, 87. and Kildare, ib.
obliges Jones to raise his camp,
ib. conncil of war, ib. resolve
to attempt the taking of Dub-
lin, 88. the lord lieutenant
marches towards Dublin, ib.
lord Inchiquin defeats a body
of Jones's horse, 89. takes
Drogheda, 90. O'Neal acts in
concert with the English re-
bels, 91. Inchiquin defeats a
body of O'Neal's anny, 92.
takes Dundalk, ib. and reduces
other garrisons, ib. O'Neal re-
lie\les the English rebels in
Londonderry, ib. lord lieute-
nant re\'iews his army, 93. en-
camps at H,atllluilles, ib. sup-
plies to the rebels arrive at

Dublin, 94-. Inchiquin sent into
Munster, 95. attempt to take
and fortify Baggatrath, 96. the
fatal battle of Rathmines, 97.
after this defeat the lord lieu-
tenant retires to Kilkenny,
) 00. takes Ballysonan in his
lnarch, ibid. which prevents
Jones's pursuit, 101. obliges
J ones to raise the siege of
Drogheda, ib. receives ad\-ice of
Cromwell's landing at Dublin,
ib. provides for the defence of
Drogheda, ib. Cromwell takes
Drogheda by assault, and puts
the garrison to the sv;ord,
102. besieges 'Vex ford , 105.
the place betrayed by the Irish
governor of the castle, ibid.
the garrison basely nlurdered,
ib. the lord lieutenant treats
with O'Neal, 108. the towns in
l\Iunster revolt to the English
rebels, ib. CrOIn well marches
towards "rexford, J 10. why
the lord lieutenant did not fight
Cromwell's army, I I I. Crom-
wellinarches to besiege "
ater-
ford, ib. the lord lieutenantforc-
ed to disband his army, but pro-
vides for the defence of 'Vater-
ford, ib. Cromwell obliged to
raise the siege, I I 2. design
upon Passage, I J 3. the mar-
C} uis relieves Farrell, and stops
the pursuit of the rebels with
a very small party, I 14. un-
seasonable obstinacy of the
citizens oflV'aterford, 115. the
lord lieutenant's designs ob-
structed by tbe influence of
the popish clergy, ibid. his
army separates, I 16. he expos-
tulates with the commission-
ers uf trust, ibid. commis-
sioners' advice to him, I] 8.
agents from the countries to
represent pretended grievances.
ib. assembly of the Irish catho-

1 N D E X.

lic clergy, 119. their pernicious
influence on the people, ib.
complaints of grievances found
to be groundless, 120. the lord
lieutenant with an inconsider-
able force obliges Cromwell to
draw off from Kilkenny, 12 I.
the progress of the i
nglish
rebels owing to the divisions
among the Irish, ib. the lord
lieutenant endeavours to pre-
serve Limerick, 122. confer-
ence with the commissioners
of trust, 123. ingratitude of
the Irish to him, 125. his
representation to the Irish,
126. fatal jealousies of the
Irish, 128. lord lieutenant per-
severes in his loyal endea ,"ours,
ib. foolish poli
y of the Irish,
129. lord lieutenant's answer
to their pretended grievances,
13 I. he resolves to lea"e Ire-
land, ib. the Irish concerned at
this resolution, address him,
1 J 2. his letter to the assembly
at Loghreagh, 133. address on
the said letter, 138. he alters his
resolution of leaving Irelaud,
140. letter from the luayor of
Limerick to him, ib, his answer,
14 I. his proposals, 142. he
ad,'ances towards Limerick,
1....3. a tumult thereon, ib. re-
peated affronts to him, 144.
bishop of Clogher appointed. to
command after the death of
O'Neal, 145. he infests the
English rebels, ib. is defeated
by Coote, 146. and basely mur-
dered, ib. his character and his-
tory, 14-7. letter to the lord
lieutenant fronl the titular arch-
bishops úf Dublin and Tuam,
ISO. his answer, 15 I. letter uf
credit frum the bishops at
Jamestown, T 55. paper deli-
vered to the lord lieutenant,
156. he appuint
a meeting with

.

the Irish bishops at Loghreagh,
158. but rejected; and only
two persons sent to receive his
answer to their proposition, ib.
whereupon they extra,.agantly
excomnlunicate all who should
adhere to the lord lieutenant,
159. and publish a declaration,
160. purport of it, 161. un-
truth thereof, 162. an instance
uf the bloody disposition of the
English rebels, 169. conclusion
of the declaration, 17 I. the
consequenc
s of the wild pro..
ceedings of the Irish catholic
prelates, 175. letter to suspend
the excommunication, 176.
the king forced to acts, which
gave countenance to this beha-
viour of the Irish prelates, I 77.
conduct of the lord lieutenant
on the king'
forced declara-
tion, 179. his letter to the
commissioners of trust, ib. an-
swerofthe commissioners, 18 J.
commissioners of trust expos-
tulate with the committee of
the congregation of the pre-
lates, 185. th
ir answer to the
cOl1lluissioners, ib. lord lieute-
nant calls an assembly at Logh-
reagh, 196. protestation of the
bishops, ib. the assembly sa-
tisfied therewit.h, ib. which
mahcs the lord lieutenant re-
solve to leave the kingdom
without lea\ling a deputy, 197.
letter from the assembly to
him OIl that resolution, ib. his
answer, 198. he deputes the
marquis of Clanrickard, 199.
leaves Ireland, ib. and lands in
France, 200. marquis of Clan-
rickard entreated to accept
the go\'ernment 9 201. condi-
tion of the Irish at that time,
202. their behaviour to the
lord d
pl1ty, 203. the catholic
bishops smartly repreh
nded.

I N D E X.

204. several Irish desert to
the rebels, ib. lord deputy ap-
points a rendezvous, ib. resolves
to fight Ireton, 205. shameful
cowardice of the Irish troops,
206. lord 'faaffe's negociation
with the duke of Lorrain, 207.
who sends an ambassador to
Ireland, 208. who applied to
. the lord deputy, ib. the latter
appoints commissioners to
confer with him, 209. their
unfair negociation, ib. Inessage
from the lord deputy to the
ambassador, 2 10. who recedes
fronl his den1ands, ib. the lord
deputy sends sir Nicholas
Plunket and Jeffery Brown to
treat further with the duke of
Lorrain, 2 I I. carriage of the ti-
tular bishop of Fernes, ib. letter
from the lord depu ty to the duke,
213. disobedience of Lilnerick
and Galway to the lord deputy,
2 19. Irish correspond with
the English rebels, ib. lord
deputy unable to prevent this
correspondence, 220. instanced
in Friar Anthony, ib. a good
caution with respect to Ro-
man catholics, 22 (. the con-
sequence of the disobedience
and disloyalty of the Irish ca-
tholic clergy, 222. Limerick
besieged, 223. a party in it re-
solve to surrender, ib. where-
upon the catholic bishops pub-
lish an excon1ffiunication, but
in vain, 224. colonel FenneH
siezes St. John's gate and
Cluane towers, ib. their shame-
ful capitulation, ib. the rebels
exercise their usual crueltv,
226. titular bishop of Eml
y
hanged, ib. tbe fate of Dominic
Fanning the rioter, 227. and
of alderman Stretch and friar
'Volfe, 228. and e\'en of colo-
nel Fennell, by whose treachery

the rebels were possessed ot
the city, ib. others murdered
by the rebels; instances of
God'sjustice, but their cruelty,
ib. Ireton's insulting sumluons
to the town of Galway, 229.
his death, ib. Galway desires
the protection of the lord de-
puty, ib. but on appearance of
a party of the rebels, desires
to capitulate.. ib. the town
surrendered, 230. marquis of
Clanrickard at last forced to
leave the kingdom, 231. the
conclusion, 233.
Ireton, Henry, v. 4 8 4, 495, 497,
49 8 , 499. vi. 10 3, 254, 25 6 ,
554. viii. 199, 20 5, 21 9. IV.
vi. 254. he, Vane, and Crom-
well, the leaders of the inde-
pendents, v. 345. one of those
called by the new name of fa-
natics, 430. appears among
the council of officers, 441.
his beha\,iour to""ards Charles
I. 445. insulted by Hollis,
455. the conseqnences, ib. he
and Cromwell design with the
council of officers the king's
destruction, 5 14. left by Crom-
well in Essex to watch li'air-
fax and his army, vi. 62. sir
C. Lucas and sir G. Lisle shot
to death, chiefly owing to him,
102. being of an unmerciful
and bloody natnre, ib. he and
Harrison the head of the level-
lers and agitators of the army,
226. his hatred against lord
Capel immortal, 260. left by
Cromwell his deputy in Ire-
land, 452, 546. (bad married
his daughter, 452.) his treat-
men t of the rebels, 547. Lilne-
rickts shmneful capitulation to
him, viii. 224. his insulting
SU111111on8 to Galway, 229.
died in Limerick of the plague, .
\Ii. 612. viii. 229. his charac-

f

I
D E X.

ter, vi. 612. \V ogan Blore in
credit with him than any man,
vii. 55.
I reton, sir John, alderman, vii.
3 08 . lord mayor, 375.
Isabella, archduchess, i. 85. iv.
55 J.
Juan, (John,) don of Austria,
yii. 186, 227, 228, 23 I, 233,
234, 235. made governor of
Flanders, vii. 182. besieges
Condé, 225, 226. which he
takes, 234. the earl of Bristol
ingratiates himself with him,
notwithstanding the prejudice
against him, 232. he and Car-
racena took not the prince of
Condé's advice, 281. and lose
the battle of Dunkirk in con-
sequence, 284, 285. is recalled
to Spain, 338. notice of him.
ib.
Judges made theln
el ves and the
laws despised by their decision
respecting ship-money, i. 124.
J uliers, notice of the to\\"n, vii.
112. duchy of, 117.
Justice, (see High court of jus-
tice, )
Justices, lord, (see Ireland.)
J UXOIl, \Villiam, i. 35 I, 392.
vi. 242. succeeded archbishop
Laud in the bishopric of
London, through his means,
i. 162. Inade lord treasurer,
175. offence taken at his ap-
pointment, ib. opposes the
king's making a park between
Richnlond and lIampton-
court, 177. the Scotch liturgy
anù canons submitted, when
framed, to him, archbishop
Laud, and bishop' V ren, 184,
185, 19 I. resigns the trea-
surership, and lives retired dur-
ing aU the troubled times, 370.
bishop 'Varburtou's comment
on this circumstance, nr. in
loc.

K.
Keepership of the great l'ieal,
the attorney-general usually
advanced to, i. 8 J .
Keinton, (see Edge-hill.)
Kelly, Dr. Charles, viii. 154, 159,
177.
Kendall, nlajor, killed at the
siege of Bristol
iv. 149.
Kensington, manor of, canle to
the earl of Holland in right of
h is wife, (Isabel Cope,) i. 1 I 1 .
Kent, commotions there in fa-
vour of Charles II. vi. 25, 38.
the earl of Norwich at l\Iaid-
stone with the Kentish forces,
56. which march towards
Blackheath, 58. Fairfax ad-
vances against them, 59. the
earl of Norwich and some of
the forces transport themselves
into Essex, and fix in Col-
chester, 60. Fairfax besieges
them, 62. Colchester delivered
up to hiln, 99.
I{ent, Anthony Grey, twelfth earl
of, one of the commission-
ers intrusted with the parlia-
ment's new great seal, iv. 340.
one of the few lords who at-
tended parliament, 403, 629.
Ker, (see Carr.)
Kerrv, Patrick Fitz-l\laurice,nine-
te
nth lord, iii. 47 I.
Kettleby, (or Rytheby,) captain,
afterwards sir Thomas, iii. 1 14,
59 0 . vi. 150.
Kildare, surrendered to the mar-
quis of Ormond, viii. 87.
Kilfinorah, titular bishop of, \.iii.
19 2 .
Killalah, titular bishop of, "'Ill.
19 2 .
Killalow, titular bishop of, viii.
16 4.
Killigrew, major, killed, i\". 544.
l{illigrew, sir lIenry, iii. 63. v.
332. one of the commissioners
for the associated county of

I N D E X.

De\"OIl, v. 152. the lords Capel
and Hopton, and the chancel-
lor of the exchequer, his par-
ticular friends, 425. his death,
ib. his character, 426.
Killigrew, sir'Villiam, iii. 267.
J{illmallock, viscount, viii. 126.
Killmore, titular bishop of
viii.
155.
Kilrnedough, titular bishop of,
viii. 192.
Kilrush, battle of, \Iiii. J 7.
Kimbolton, Edward l\Iountague,
lord, viscount l\landevile, af-
terwards second earl of :ì.\1an-
chester, i. 372, ....36. ii. 60 3,
606, 128, 129, 147, 160, 184,
25 8 . iii. 175, 606,17 8 ,179,
263. (as earl of l\Janchester,)
iii. 397. iv. 618, 5 1 5, 571,
575, 579, 5 8 1. \7. 78, 91. (as
lord l\Ialldevile,) one of the
{'ununissioners to treat 'with
the Scots at Itippon, i. 274.
much courted by them, 275.
notice of his pre\lious life, 319.
called to the house of peers by
the name of lord Kimbolton,
ib. sworn a privy-counsellor,
34 I. one of the leading men of
the house of lords, 347, '11. an
intention of making him lord
privy-seal after the death of
his father, 446. accused, with
five members of the commons,
of high treason, by order of
the king, ii. 124, 125, 604.
communications between the
king and parliament on the
subject, 276, 280, 306, 316,
34 2 , 449, 459, 477, 54 8 . iii.
44, 618. has a regiment con-
ferred on hinl by parliament,
iii. 156. present at the battle
of Edge-hill, 272. (as earl of

ianche
ter,) notice of him,
562, 563. an ordinance for
raising an army under him, iv.
J 90. the \7iolent party wholly

depended upon him, 191. one
of the few peers who attended
parliament, 403, 630. the as-
sociation of se\7eral counties
formed under him, 464. or-
dered to nlarch into the north
to join the Scots, 465. com-
manded at the second battle of
Newbury, 582. accused by
CrOll1well of cowaròice on
this occasion, v. J 3. recrimi-
natesCrOlllwell, 14. dispossess-
ed of his command bv the
self-denying ordinance,"' 13 I,
132. being speaker of the
housl' of lords, withdrew from
parliament to the army, 462.
had all the prejudice imagin-
able against Cromwell, 464.
he and the earl of 'Varwick
the two pillars of the presby-
terian party, ib. conducted
back to parliament by the ge-
neral of the army, 469. pre-

ent with others at J\lonk's
conference respecting the re-
storation of Charles II. vii.
44 0 .
Kinlbolton, (Anne Rich,) lady, iii.
5 62 .
King, Henry, made bishop of
Chichester, ii. 25.
Ki ng, general, i v. 5 19. made
lieutenant-general of the earl
of Newcastle's army, iii. 443.
went abroad with the earl, iv.
5 2 1.
Kingston, RohertPierrepoint, first
earl of, anecdote of an appli-
cation made to him to furnish
Charles I. with money, iii. 247,
24 8 . "'
Kingston, second earl of, (see vis-
count Newark.)
Kinoul, George Hay, second earl
of: iv. 295, 433.
Kinoul, \Villiam l-Iav, third earl
of, vi. 287. "'
:Kirton, - v. 234, n. vi. 533.

I
D E X.

Knight, - one of the com-
missioners appointed by l\Ionk
to treat with the officers of
the army at London, vii. 379.
Knighthood, n1ade an object of
profit by king Charles I. i. 119.
an act preventing vexatious
proceedings touching the order
of knighthood, 502.
Kniveton, Daniel, one of Charles
I.' s Inessengers executed by
parlian1ent, iv. 342.
Knox, John, i. 153.
Knox, - vi. 577.

L.
Lambert, Charles, iv. 393.
Lambert, - vi. 7 2 , 49 0 , 498.
vii. 19, 10 4, 193, 197, 20 5,
3 0 3, 3 10 , 368,37
39
475'
Jr. vii. 366, 367, 428. pro-
posed by Cromwell as deputy
of Ireland in opposition to sir
'v. 'Valler, vi. 4, 346. marches
against sir 1\1. Langdale, and
sir P. :\lusgrare, 55. beats sir
1\1. Langdale, 75. rout" duke
IIamilton, ib. Pontefract castle
deli\'ered up to him, 123-
126. sent by Cromwell to fol-
low Charles II. who had en-
tered England with an army,
493. follows, but is forced to
retire, 496. makes the army
dissatisfied with Cromwell, vii.
101. was the second in COln-
mand, but the first in the af-
fections of the army, 103. aided
Cromwell in becoming- Vro-
tector, 104. Cromwell's jea-
10llsy of him, 192. opposed
Cromwell's being made king,
195. who now looked upon
him as his mortal enemy, 201.
and turned him out of the annv,
22 I. one of the new coun
il
of olncers who consult about
the govcrnnlent, 307. restored
to the army by the council of

officers, 3 I 2. sent by parlia-
ment against sir G. Booth and
sir T. l\iiùdleton, 334. routs
sir G. Booth and takes Ches-
ter, 335. the parliament grows
jealous of his army, 366. the
petition and proposals of his
army, 367. this petition disco-
vered to Haslerig, who ac-
quaints parliament with it,
368. they cashier Lan1bert,
and eight other chief otllcers,
369. Lambert draws some
troops together, stops the
speaker, and n1akes hin1 go
home, 37 I. the officers Ineet,
and choose Fleetwood general,
and him major-general, 372.
was one of the committee of
safety constituted by the anny,
375. sent against Monk, who
had declared for the par1iament,
378,379. comes to Newcastle,
387. the parliament n1eets a-
gain, and orders his troops to
separate,392. they separate, and
he is committed to the Tower,
ib. his escape, 427, 4 28 .
draws four troops to him near
Daventry, 429. Ingoldsby sent
against him, -ib. two of his
troops revolt to Ingoldsby,
43 0 . his party dispersed, 431.
he and others taken, ib. com-
mitted again to the Tower,
431. what ruined him accord-
il

to bishop ,,, arburton, UT.
vu.375.
I
amport, sir T. Fairfax beat

lord Goring near there, v. 208.
Lanark, earl of, (see Lan rick. )
Lancashire, the condition of, at
the end of 1642. iii. 447.
Lane, sir George, seeretary to
the marquis of Ormond, vii.
233.
Lane, afterwards sir Richard, v.
60. argued the matter of law
for the earl of Strafford at his

I N D E X.

trial, i. 395. as lord chief baron
of the exchequer, one of the
king's commissioners to treat
at Uxbridge, v. 37- was keeper
of the great seal to Charles I.
vii. 67.
Lane, - notice of, vi. 525.
Charles II. brought to his
house in his flight frOln ,V or-
cester, 526.
Lane, Mrs. Charles II. in his
fligh t from \V orcester rides be 4
hind her to 1\lr. Norton's
through Bristol, vi. 528, 53 0 .
Langdale, sir Marmaduke, after-
wards lord, iv. 574, 59 0 . V.
17 1 ,17 6 . 181, 29 1 , 29 2 , 493,
5 01 . vi. 16, 4 1 , 43, 45, 50,
54,55,74, 111,122. com-
manded the left wing at the
battle of Naseby, v. 183. the
king's horse under him routed
by Pointz, 284. he and sir P.
1\1 usgrave treated with by the
Scots, and invited into Scot-
land, whither they went, vi. 12.
they refuse to take the cove-
naI
t, 47. he surprises Berwick,
and sir P.l\tIusgrave Carlisle,
51,52. he lnarches a day be-
fore duke Hamilton, 72. gives
him an account of the English
army, 73. is beaten by Lmn-
bert, 75. and taken, 7 6 . es-
capes out of Nottingham cas-
tle, 126. and goes beyond sea,
ib.
Langhaln, John, iii. 333.
Langhorn, (or Laughorn,) colo-
nel, active in the parliament's
service about Shropshire and
North 'Vales, v. 67. notice of
him, vi. 41. disposed to declare
for the king, 41,42. taken pri-
soner in Pembroke castle by
Cromwell, 59.
Lanrick, (Lanark,) 'VilliaIl1 Ha-
Inilton, earl of, afterwards se-
cond duke Hamilton, iv. 295.

626,299, 62 7,628. v.3 28 , 334.
vi. 45, 9 0 , 93, 272, 273, 274,
276. (as duke Hanlilton) 306,
397. secretary of state in Scot-
land to Charles I. iv. 295. re-
pairs to him at Oxford, 43 2 , 62 7'
detained in custody, 435, 629.
escapes, 436, 629. signed the
Scotch t.reaty with Charles l. at
the Isle of "
right, v. 540. his
character, vi. 9, 272. depri,,"ed
of the secretaryship by the
Scotch parliament, 94. (as
duke I-Iamilton) waits on
Charles II. in Holland, 271,
28 7. conference between hin1
and the chancellor of the ex-
chequer, 292, 293. leaves the
king shortly after his arrival
in Scotland, 437. he and the
earl of Lauderdale were near-
est the king's confidence, 487.
the duke of Buckingham broke
off all friend
hip with them,
495. died of the wounds re-
ceived at the battle of ,V orces-
ter, 5 I 1, 5 12. farther notice
of his character, 5 I 2. bishop
\Varburton considers that he
and his brother, the preceding
duke, were a couple of knaves,
notwithstanding all bishop
Burnet has said in their be-
half, W. iv. 43 J.
Lansdown, battle of, i v . 1 2 2.
60 5.
Lany, doctor Benjamin, after-
wards bishop of Ely, one of
the king's commissioners on
ecclesiastical matters at the
treaty of Uxbridge, v. 5 I.
Laud, 'Villiam, bishop of Bath and
\Vells, then bishop of London,
and afterwards archbishop of
Canterbury, i. 134, 198, 270,
35 I, 355, 3 6 9, 37 2 ,3 81 ,393,
4 0 1. ii. 4, 13,3 0 ,54, 10 9,49 2 .
i v. 250. v. 57. W. i. 6, 137, 14 6 ,
15 2 ,159,160,17-4-. 1 75, 20 5,

I N D E X.

214, 261, 26 3, 3 I I, 423, ii.
30, 109. the direction of ec-
clesiastical affairs intrusted to
him by the duke of Bucking-
hanl, i. 115, 159. and after-
wards by king Charles, I 16.
how administered, ib. his cha-
racter, 116,159, 165, 176. (as
bishop of London) attends the
king into Scotland, to advise
him respecting the introduc-
tion of the English liturgy
there, 146. preaches before
him at Edinburgh on the sub-
ject, ib. his opinion of the
matter, ISO. ill effects of his
views, 152. discountenances
Calvinism in his diocese and
at Oxford, 158. made archbi-
shop of Canterbury, ib. his risc
and character, 159, 165. "Tar-
burton's conllnent, 11': i. 165.
prejudiced against the Calvin-
istic party, 16 I. procures the
see of London for bishop
Juxon, 162. injudicious in too
rigorously enforcing the re-
moval of the communion table
from the body of the church,
170. his proceedings opposed
by bishup \Villiam
, ib. ii. 104,
109. the earl of Portland tries
in vain to undermine his in-
fluence with the king. i. 173.
made a commissioner of the
treasury, ib. his conduct in
that capacity, ib. 180. op-
posed by lord Cottington, 174.
his irascibility, 176. exposed
by lord Cottington, ib. 178.
endea\'ours to dissuade the
king from nlaking a park be-
tween Uichmond and Hamp-
ton-court, as being Ul-lpopular,
178. the Scotch liturgy and
canons submitted, when fram-
ed, to him, bp. J uxon, and bp.
'Yren, 183, 185, 19 I. his di-
rection to the fraBlers as to
VOII. \'111.

the method of drawing them
up, 186. the earl of Traquaire
the only layman consulted by
him on these matters, 191.
very partial to lord Conway,
25 I. his palace at Lambeth
assaulted by the nlob, 252. one
of the committee of state, 263,
264. his removal frOlu about
the king recomlnended by the
Scotch commissioners, 276.
the queen hostile to him, 294.
accused of high treason by the
house of comnlons, 309, 522,
524. committed to the black
rod, 525. always treated with
respect by the earl of Bedford,
409, never had so great influ-
ence upon the court, as Dr.
Burgess and l\Ir.l\'IarshalJ had
upon parliament, ii. 25. lord
:Falkland contracted some pre-
judice against hiln, iv. 251.
his trial, v. 3 I. W. i. 423.
condemned by an ordinance,
v. 32. the king's pardon of him,
which had been suggested by
the chanccllor of the ex-
chequer, declared by parlia-
ment to be of no effect, 33,
35. beheaded, ib. W. in loco bi-
shop 'Yarburton says he was
for an arbitrary king and an
intolerant church, UTe i, 165.
and that he was rude and
brutal to all suitors, ib.
IÆuderdale, J ohu, 10rdl\'Iaitland,
earl of, afterwards duke of, and
earl of Guilford, v. 5 2 7. vi. 45,
4 6 , 133, 28 7, 29 6 , 3 1 9, 397,
486. IV. vi. 9. one of the parlia-
Inent's commissioners for Scot-
land to treat at U)\.bridge, v. 37.
his part in the treaty, 49, SO. as
one of thc Scotch conllnission-
erR, signed the pri,'ate treaty.
with Charles I. in the Isle of
\Vight, 540. his character, "i.
9. sent to demand the prince
Aa

I N D E X.

of \Vales's personal appear-
ance in Scotland, 7 I
7 8 , 83,
84, 85, 86. returns, 87. waits
on the prince, now king, in
Holland, 271, 272, 287. his
di:scourse agai nst the marquis
of l\lountrose, '290. departs
from the king, when in Scot-
land, 437. he and duke Ha-
Inilton nearest the king's con-
fidence, 487. the duke of
Buckingham broke off all
friendship with them, 495.
taken prisoner after the king's
defeat at Worcester, 515. sent
to the Tower, 576. bishop \Var-
burton's observation on his sub-
sequent conduct, W. vi. 296.
Laughorn, (see Langhorn.)
Lawly, colonel, iii. 465.
Lawson, vice-admiral, he and
the fleet dedare for the parlia-
Inent, and come into the river,
vii. 389. the fleet reforn1ed,
in order that he might not
have so nluch power over it,
being an anabaptist, 43 2 , 433.
well disposed towards Charles
II. 498.
Lawyers; animosities between
some great lawyers and some
churchn1en, ii. '29. which pro-
duced great mischiefs, ib.
League, solemn league and co-
venant, copy of, iv. 280.
Leake, lieutenant-colonel, killed
at the second battle of N ew-
bury, iv. 588.
Le Brune, vi. 3 2 5, 328, 330. no-
tice of, vi. 327.
Lee, sergeant
ii. 502.
Lee, sir Thomas, iii. 19 0 .
Leg, Legge, captain, ii. 27 6 , 305,
392,458,479,523,556. iii. 188.
Leg, colonel \Villiam, iv. 175,
176. vi. 29 I. taken prisoner at
the siege of Litchfield cathe-
dral, iv. 35. much in prince
RUpCI t's confidenee, T 7 6 , J 95-

n. imprisoned, whilst governor
of Oxford, owing to this inti-
macy, v. 253, 254.
Legg, - aided Charles I. 's
escape from Hampton-court,
v. 488, 492. notice of, 492.
Leganez, marquis of, vi. 383.
Leicester stormed and taken bv
the king, v. 175. .
Leicester, Robert Sydney, second
earl of, ii. 20, 5 82 . iii. 254,483.
iv. 567. W. iii. 477. appointed
lord-lieutenant of Ireland, be-
ing then extraordinary an1bas-
sarlor in France, ii. 586. the
parliament not satisfied with
his appointment, ib. considered
as a puritan, 587. made no
haste to Ireland, 68. iii. 477.
notice of hin1, ii. 599. courted
the parlian1ent more than the
king, 599, 603. showed'the
instructions he had received,
as lord-lieutenant fron1 the
king, to parliament, iii. 475.
his reasons for so doing, 476.
jealousies between hitn and
the earl of Ormond, 48 J. his
character, and previous occu-
pations, 543. refuses to sign
the peers' letter to the council
in Scotland, iv. 349, n. there-
by prevents his appointlnent
to be the prince's governor,
350. the marquis of Ormond
having the lieutenancy of Ire-
land in his stead, ib.
Leicester, third earl of, (see lord
Lisle.)
Leicester, (Dorothy Percy,) coun-
tess of, W. vi. 238. the prin-
cess Elizabeth and duke of
Gloucester committed to her
care by parliament, vii. 8S'
Leigh, Thon1as lord, one of the
lords who signed the letter to
the privy-council and conser-
vators of the peace in Scot-
land, iv. 633.

I N D E X.

Lenox, duke of, (see duke of
Richnlond. )
Lenthal, \Villianl i. 240. iii. 407.
iv. 368, 4 1 5. v. 38. vii. 3 1 3.
unfavourable character of, i.
297. unfortunately chosen
speaker of the house of com-
mons, of November 1640.
298, 520. withdraws, with
other members, to the army,
v. 461, 463. a new speaker
chosen, 462. believed to have
no nlalice towards the king,
and not to be without good
inclinations to the church,
464. conducted back to parlia-
nlent by the general of the
army, 469. chosen speaker of
CrOInwell's parliament, 1654.
vii. 37. stopt by Lambert from
going to parlian1ent, and sent
home again, 37 T. the soldiers
in London resolve to restore
the parliament, and wait on
him, 390. goes ìnto the city,
391. changes the command of
the Tower, ib.
Leopold, \Villiam, archduke, vi.
249, 45 0 , n. 468. (see Arch-
duke. )
Lesley, David, v. 229, 247, 285,
291. vi. 283,507,508,513,
514. routs the luarquis of
l\Iountrose, vi. 414, 415. his
insolent treatment of the mar-
(luis, who was taken prisoner,
4 J 6. made lieutenant-general
hv Charles II. to his Scotch
a;mY,488. his saying concerning
this army, 497,498. his strange
conduct, 509. defeated at ,V or-
cester, 5 10. taken prisoner,
5 I 5. opinions for and against
his having been unfaithful to
his charge, ib.
Lesley, general, Alexander, carl of
Leven, i. 281. chosen general of
t he
coLch covenan Lers, i. ] 99,
.508. had served under the

king of Sweden, ib. the earl
of Holland retires before hinl
at Dunce, 2 10. made earl of
Leven, ii. 37, 5 81 . iii. 309.
his professions to the king, ii.
3 8 , 58 I. iii. 309. accepts the
command of a fresh Scotch
army against him notwith-
standing, iv. 299, 394. taken
prisoner at the battle of l\lars-
ton-moor, 5 J o. induced tu
decline the comnland of an-
other Scotch army, vi. 44.
L'Estrange, afterwards sir Roger,
notice of, vi. 26-28. well cha-
racterized according to bishop
'Varburton, W. vi. 28. con-
cerned in the commotions in
Kent for CharlesJ!. vi. 26-28,
38. escapes into Holland, 41.
Letter, intercepted from SOlne of
the Scottish nobilitv to the
French king, i. 228. .frOIn the
peers on the king's side to the
council in Scotland, i v. 348,
630. from the English parlia-
111ent to the lords justices in
Ireland concerning a cessation
of arms concluded there for a
year, 366. from the lords jus-
tices in reply, 369. frOIn the
lnenlbers of both houses of
parliament at Oxford to the
earl of Essex, 400. fronl
Charles I. to prince Rupert
against treating of peace at
that time, August 1645. v. 225.
from the same at Brecknock to
the prince of \Vales, 23 I.
fronl the same to prince Ru-
pert upon his surrender of
Rristol, 252. frOln the same to
lord Colepepper concerning
the prince of 'Vales, 2$8. fI.om
the same to the prince, 276.
another, '277. another frOIll
Hereford, 36 I. from the queen
to the chancellor of the ex-
chequer concerning the prince
Aa2

I N D E X.

of\Vales's remo\'al into }'rance,
363. from the general of the
army to the parliament re-
specting a tumultuous petition
of apprentices concerning th

militia, 46 I. substance of the
king's letter to the chancellor
of the exchequer, 476. letter
from the parliament of Scot-
land to the prince of 'Yales, vi.
83. sum of the king's letter to
his son concerning the treaty at
Newport, 187. conclusion in
the king's own words, 189. let-
ter from prince Rupert to the
chancellor of the exchequer,
390. from the commander of
the parliament's fleet to the
king of Spain, 392. from an
anabaptist to Charles II, vii.
270. from l\Ionk to the par-
liament, 409. froln Charles II.
to the general and army, 454.
from the same to the house of
COllln10ns, 457. from the sanle
to the house of lords, 465.
from the same to the fleet,
466. from the same to the lord
mayor and aldermen of Lon-
do
, 468. Ermll the house of
commons to the king in re-
ply, 48 I. from the lord-lieu-
tenant of Ireland to the as-
semblyat.Loghreagh, viii. 133.
from the mayor of Limerick
to the lord:lieutenant, 140.
frorn the lord-lieutenant to
the mayor in reply, 141. fronl
the titular arehbishops of Dub-
lin éinù Tuam to the lord-
lieutenant, 150. from the lord-
lieutenant to the archbishops
jn reply, 15 I. letter of credit
from the bishops at J ames-
town, 154. letter to sHspend
the excommunication, 176.
from the lord-lieutenant to
the commissioners of trust,
I 79. from the commissioners

of trust to the lord-lieutenant
in reply, 181. from the lord
deputy to the duke of Lor rain,
2 13.
Levellers, rise of, in the armv, v.
486,505. Cromwell supprësses
a tumult of theIn, 505. they
nlutiny, and are suppressed by
Fairfax, vi. 432. hostile to
Cromwell as protector, vii. 34.
the term of levèllers, to what
party applied, according to the
statement of an anabaptist,
vii. 273.
Leven, earl of, see general Les-
ley.
Levingston, sir 'Villiam, vi. 90.
Lewis, -- one of the leading
men in the house of conImons,
1647. v. 454. one of the heads
of the luoderate presbyterian
party, vii. 4+0.
Lewis, don, (see Haro.)
Leyda, lnarquis of, sent èllllbas-

ador. by Spain to Cromwell,
after a month returns to
France, vi i. 174. comes to
Bru
sels to solicit for supplies
for Dunkirk, but in vain, 279.
salJies out of Dunkirk upon the
enemy, is repulsed and slain,
28 5.
Liche, Inarquis de, vi. 37 0 , 373.
Lichfield, (see Litchfield.)
Lilbnrn, John, a leveller, v. 459-
some account, of, vii. 4+.
Limerick, popular tumults there,
viii. 28. the magistrates dis-
placed, ib. lord lieutenant en-
deavours to presenre Lime-
rick, 122. letter from the mayor
to him, 140. he advances to-
wards Limerick, J 43. a tumult
thereon, ib. disobedience of
Limerick to the lord deputy,
219. a party in it resolve to
surrender, 223. wherenpon the
bishops publish an excommu-
nication, but in vain, 224.

I
J) }
x.

colonel }
ennell seizes St.
John's gate and Cluane towers,
ib. the shameful capitulation, ib.
LinJerick, titulm' bishop of. viii.
12 7, 223.
Lincoln, Theophillls Clinton,
fourth earl of, one of the few
peers who attended parliament,
iv. 403. ó29.
Lincoln, bishop of, (see 'Vil-
liarns and \Vinniff,)
Lindsay, John Lindsay, earl of,
afterwards earl of Crawtord,
iii. 343'
Lindsey, Robert Bertie, first
earl of, i. 80. iii. 57.5, 5 ï9,
25 1 , n. 270, 271,630. one of
those who signed the declara-
tion that the king had no in-
tentions of war, iii. 7 I, 571.
made general of the king's ar-
my at the opening of the eivil
war, iii. 105, ] 69. killed at
the battle of Edge-hill, 279,
28 5, 633. his character, 285,
n. 28ï. IV. iii. 27 0 .
Lindsey, second earl of, (see lord
. \Villonghhy.)
LIsle, c010nel, afterwards sir
George, present at the second
battle of Newbury, iv. 5 8 5.
joins the Kentish men in Es-
sex in favour of the king, vi.
61. gi ven up at the surrender
of Colchester, 99. shot to
death, ] 0 I. murdered against
all law, according to bishop
\Varbnrton, fY. vi. 254. his
character, vi. 102.
Lisle, .T ohn, gm'e his vote in the
king's blood, vii. 246. and con-
tinued an entire confident and
instrument of Cromwell's, ib.
was president of the high
court of justice to try 1\11'.

lordallnt and others, ib.
Lisle, IJhillip Sidney, lord, after-
wards third earl of Leicester,
vi. 142. through Cromwell's

interest sent as lord lieutenant
into Ireland, vi. 3. his kindness
towards l\Ionk, 343. vii. 381.
Cromwell appointed his suc-
cessor, \.i. 346.
Litchfidd cathedral taken by sir
J. Gell, iii. 455.
Litchfield, earl ot
(see lord ß.
Stewart. )
Littleton" Edward lord
ii. 2 I,
446. v. 38. made lord keever
of the great seal in the room
of lord }'inch, i, 310, 368.
reason for his being made a
baron, 38 J. yet why notwith-
standing he would not vote at
the earl of Strafford's trial, ib.
declines demanding the staff
and the key of otlice from the
earls of Essex and Holland,
ii. 33 I, Ó I I. particulars oî his
deserting the parliament, and
of his joining the king with
the great seal at Yark, 488, 'Il.
493-497. reasons for his pre-
vious acquiescence in the pro-
ceedings of parlian1ent, 488, r1.
489, 77. 496. his character,
491. iii. 538. his rise, ii. 492.
his failure as lord keeper, 493.
one of those who signed the
declaration that the king had
no intentions of war, iii. 7 [,
57 I. one of the lords who
signed the letter to the pri vy
council and conservators of the
peace in Scotland, iv. 632, one
of those appointed to examine
into the accusation against
duke Hanlilton, 433.
Littleton, - vii. 323.
Liturgy, Charles Lt s intentions
of introducing the English li-
tU1"gy into Scotland, how far t
and why opposed, i. 146-
149, 508. the liturgy and ca-
nons appointed to be dm.\vn
up by some of the Scotch bi-
shops and snhmitt('rl to arch-
A a 3

I N D E X.

bishop Laud, bishop J uxon,
and bishop \Vren, 183- obser-
vations respecting the canons,
185. and the liturgy, 191,508.
how received in Edinburgh,
193, 19 6 . declaration of par-
lialuent concerning a refonna-
tion of the liturgy, ii. 42 I.
Locke, John, W. iv. 457.
Lockhart, - vii. 2 I 2, 22 I,
3 0 4, 357. sent by CrOluwell
ambassador into F'rance, who
finishes an alliance there be-
gun before by the agents of
France in England, vii. 180.
commanded the English foot
at the battle of Dunkirk, 284.
the French king delivers Dun-
kirk, which had surrendered, to
him, he being appointed go-
,"ernor by Cromwell, 286. con-
tinued ambassador in France
by the parliament after Crom-
well's death, 318. generally too
hard for cardinal l\fazarine,
but cajoled by hilll respecting
the peace between France and
Spain, 357. why he could not
be prevailed on to declare for
Charles II. 449. refuses to
give up Dunkirk and Mardyke
upon an offer from cardinal
l\Iazarine of being made mar-
shal of France, ib.
Loftus, Adam lord, afterwards
viscount Ely, chancellor of
Ireland, i. 265,383, 386. case
of the earl of Strafford's stretch
of power against him, 39 0 , 39 I.
London, city of, nature of its
government, ii. 152. comn10n
councilmen, how chosen, ib.
generally for life, 153. notice
of its comn10n hall, iii. 396.
the sink of the in humours of
the kingdom, i. 349, 53 0 .
lnoney borrowed of the city
by parliament for supplying
their two annies, i. 36 J. a new

conlmon council chosen of
such as were most eminent for
opposing the govenuuent, and
most disaffected to the church,
362. ii. 153. the committee of
the house of commons that sat
in the city well receÌ\'ed, ii. 134.
the city's petition to the king,
146. his answer, 148. the state
and temper of the city at that
time, 150. hostile to the court,
in consequence of the property
bought by the city in Ireland
being resumed by the king,
152. the common council's
answer to the desire of the
comnlons to borrow ßloney of
the city, 204. an intended
petition from the city against
the n1Ïlitia bill considered as a
conspiracy by the con1mons,
28 4- the person who drew it
up ilnpeached by them, 347.
petition of the city to the king
for peace, iii. 386. his answer,
390. expedients of parliament
to prevent its effect, 397. the
city declares for the par-
liament, 400. its proportion
of the \veekly assessment le-
vied by parlianlent on the
whole kingdom, 493. the city
fortified, 494. the common
council petition against mak-
ing peace with the king, iv.
18 7. whereupon the house of
commons rejected the propo-
sitions of the lords, 188. sonIe
women, petitioners for peace,
cut down by a troop of horse,
J 88. transactions of the city
wIlen the king was seized by
the army, v. 444. the temper
of the city and the changes of
their militia at the time of the
impedchment of eleven mem-
bers of the commons bv the
army, 459. the city sends six
aldermen to the general, and

I :N D E X.

submits, 467. the anny marches
through the city and quarters
about it, 469. comlnissioners
sent to the prince of 'Vales,
now in the river with a fleet,
with a petition, vi. 65. he
writes to the city, 66. the be-
haviour of the city after some
ineffectual risings. in favour of
the king, 1648. 103. they pe-
tition for a personal treaty,
104. a committee of parlia-
luent treats with them about
it, ib. the parliament declares
for a personal treaty, 105. the
city invites Cromwell, after
being proclaimed protector, to
Grocers' haH, vii. 20. the city
11lilitia second the address of
the new council of officers to
the protector Richard, 309.
the common council are re-
fracto,:' to the parliament, 404.
l\Ionk sent into the city to re-
duce it to obedience, 405. he
llmrches again into the city,
and sends an expostulatory let-
ter to the parliament, 409. he
meets the lord mayor and com-
nlon council, excuses what was
past, and promises to stand by
them, and they by him, 4Jo.
great rejoicings in the city upon
it, ib. Charles II. 's letter to the
lord mayor, aldermen, and
common" council, 468. which
is dutifully received, 479. the
city send tourteen of their citi-
zens to the king at the Hague
to assure hiln of their fidelity,
500. the king passes through
the city to \Vhitehall, 505.
London, Tower of, (see Tower.)
London, bp. of, (see 'v. Juxon.)
Long, -- one of the presbyte-
rian party, who opposed the
self-denying ordinance, ". 89-
Long, colonel, high sheriff of
'Viltshire, routed by sir 'v.

'Valler and Cromwell, owing
to his great defect of courage
and conduct, v. 140.
Long, Robert, vi. 542. UT. vi. So.
ho,v far concerned in the fac-
tions of the prince of 'Vales's
fmnily, v. 154, 234, n. being
secretary to the prince
is trust-
ed by the queen to keep him
firm to the presbyterian party,
vi. 37. he and lord Cole pepper
accused of corruption, 80. his
fondness for nlonev i ndl1ced
him to undertake th
disagree-
able office of taking care of the
prince's pecuniary affairs, J 3 8.
upon the prince's becOlU-
iug king, is sworn one of his
new council, 269. reluoved
from the king by the Inarquis
of Argyle, upon his arrival in
Scotland, although he had
chiefly recommended the king's
going thither, 43
' his scheme
for keeping the chancellor of
the exchequer away fr0111 the
king, 543. petitions the king
to be restored to the secrt:'-
tary's place, vii. 69. is refu
ed
by the king, 70. whereupon he
accuses the chancellor of t lw
exchequer of having convel'sed
with CronH,.ell, ib. the busi-
ness heard in council, 7 I.
the king acquits the chancel-
lor, 72. he asks the chancel-
lor's pardon and is for
iven, 7ï.
Longueville, duke ot: imprisoned,
vi. 376, n. 378.
Longueville, nlademoiselle de, de-
signed by sir J. Berkley for the
duke of York's wife, vi. 589.
Lord steward of the king's house-
hold, his office to swear the
member
of the house of com-
Jnons before they sit, i. 233.
Lords, house of, origin of the cus-
tom ofprotesting there, ii. 212.
abuse of this custom, 1642.2 13.
Aa4

I N D E X.

notice of the few lords who at-
tended parliament, 1643. iv.
403,6'29. the house oflords had
little to do after Cromwell re-
turned from Scotland, and were
few in number, vi. 2 J 4. they re-
ject the capita] charge against
the king, and adjourn a week,
2. 15. the door of their house
locked up against the day to
which they had adjourned,ih. the
commons abolish the house of
peers, 1649. 246. ùut allow
the peers to be elected as
knights or burgesses, ib. Crom-
well reassembles a house of
peers as a check on the com-
nIons
1657. vii. '2 I 7. filling it
chiefly with officers and his
creatures, 2 I 8. carried in the
commons that the house of
peers should be allowed, 307.
(see ParlianIent.)
Lords and others at York, their
promise to the king upon his
declaration to them, June 13,
1642. iii. 70. their declaration
and iJrofession that theking had
no intentions of war, 7 I, 57 T.
Lorne, archibald CanIpbell, lord,
afterwards ninth earl of Ar-
gyle, captain of the guard to
Charles II. whilst in Scot-
land, \,i. 45 ï.
Lorrain, duke of, vi. 3 2 3, 476.
lord Cottington and the chan-
cellor uf the exchequer visit
him at Brussels, vi. 326. his
character, 474, 475. \vhyhe ob-
jected to the project of marry-
ing his bastard daughter to the
duke of York, 478. concludes
a treaty wi th the French court,
534, 585. the Irish rebels in-
vite him into Ireland, 6 J 4. viii.
207. commissioners sent to
hinl to Brussels, vi. 616. he
sends an ambassaùor into Ire-
land to be informed of the

state of it, 617. viii. 208. who
applies to the lord deputY1 \'iii.
208. who appoints commis-
sioners to confer with him,
209. their unfair negociation,
ib. message froll1 the lord de-
puty to the ambassador, 210.
who recedes fronl his demands,
ib. lord deputy sends sir N.
Plunket and Jefferv Brown to
treat fllrtherwith the duke, 2 I I.
letter from him to the duke,
213. renounces any consent to
the treaty, vi. 6 18. the ambas-
sador returns, whereupon the
duke gives over the negoci-
ation, 620.
Lothian, \Villiam Ker, third earl
of, made secretary of state in
Scotland, vi. 95, 276. his pre-
vious part in the rebellion, 95.
one of the commissioners sent
from the parliament of Scotland
before the death of the king to
the parliament of England, 274,
275. their private inst.ructions,
276. npon the king's trial they
enter their protestation and
dissent, 277. the parliament,
after the king's murder, send
their answer to it, 280. the
commissioners reply, and are
imprisoned, but afterwards
freed, 28 I.
Love, - notice of his sermon
at Uxbridge before the treaty
began, v. 43, 44. 1fT. in loc.
eM
'cuted bv Cromwell for be-
ing in a 1;lot with the Scots
against the army and their par-
liament, v. 45. vi. 555. U7. vi.
55 6 .
Lovel, - accidentally tutor to
the duke of Gloucest
r, vii. 85.
the benefit of his instruction
,
86. sent bv hiln to London,
and procur
s the parliament's
permission for the duke to go
abroad, 87.

I N D E X.

Lovelace, John lord, one of those
who signed the declaration that
the king had no intentions of
war, iii. 72, 571. joins the king
at Oxford, 192, 205. why he
remained in London at first,
iv. 192. one of the lords who
signed the letter to the privy-
council and conservators of
the peace in Scotland, 633.
Loughborough, Henry Hastings,
lord, one of the lords who
signed the letter to the privy-
council and conservators of the
peace in Scotland, iv. 633.
Louis XIV. (see the king of
France. )
Louisa de Guzman, (see queen of
Portugal. )
Lowden, John Campbell, lord,
afterwards earl of, iii. 309,507.
v. 4 I 5. sent by the Scotch co-
venanters to acconnt for their
proceedings to king Charles I.
i. 228. sent to the Tower for
signing a lettcr to the }'rench
king, 229, 5 13. supposed rea-
sons of his release, 253, 333.
one of the Scotch commission-
ers to treat at Rippon, 275.
goes as such to London, 33 I.
concerned with the factious
party in the English parlia-
ment, 348, n. made chancellor
of Scotland, ii. 37. and an earl,
ib. one of those who engaged
that Scotland should assist the
English parliament, iii. 3 I 2.
cOInes to Oxford as a commis-
sioner from the conservators
of the peace in Scotland, 498.
his and the other conllllission-
ers' transactions at Oxford, that
they Inight be mediators, and
for a parliament in Scotland,
52 I. the king's answer to them
in both particulars, 523. they
return to Scotland, 528. one
of the Scotch commissioners
to treat at Uxbridge, v. 37.

his private conference with the
chancellor of the exchequer,
47. his speech at the treaty
against episcopacy, 57. an-
swered by the chancellor of the
exchequer, 58. his behaviour
towards Charles I. as soon as
he appeared with some shew of
liberty, 527. signed as a Scotch
commissioner the treaty made
with the king in the Isle of
'Vight, 540. why he durst not
take part in the execution of
this treaty, vi. 9, 10. zealous
for the co\'enant, 45. his viru-
lent declamation against the
marquis of l\Iountrose when
brought before the Scotch par-
liament, 417. according to an
anecdote published by doctor
Birch, Charles I. had deter-
mined to strike off Lowden's
head in the T ower, wi thout
any form of process against
him, W. i. 229.
Lowe, - vi. 66, 80.
Lowther, Ger. iv. 393. .
Loyal party, its low condition in
England, 1650. vi. 431.
Lucas, sir Charles, victorious in a
skirmish against colonel l\lid-
dJeton, iv. 139. joins in Essex
the Kentish men who had risen
in favour of the king, vi. 6 I. giv-
en up at the surrender of CoJ-
chester, 99. shot to death, 10 I.
murdered against aU law ac-
cording to bishop \Varhurton,
W. vi. 254. his character, vi.
10! .
Lucas, sir Gervas, governor of
Belvoir castle. v. 301, 302.
Lucas, sir John, his ill treatment
in Essex, being a royalist, iii.
229. (as lord,) vi. 10 r.
Lucas, 'Thomas, iv. 393.
Lucerne, Cromwell compels the
duke of Savoy to restore the
forfeited privileges to the val-
ley of, vii. 297.

I N D E X.

Ludlow, sir Henry, accused of
high treason by Charles I. iii.
618.
Ludlow, - vii. 476. succeeds
Ireton in the charge of the
army in Ireland, vi. 6 I 2. w.
in loco grants the marquis of
Clanrickard a pass to go to
England
vi. 622. theparlimnent
n1akes him and four commis-
sioners governors of Ireland,
vii. 316. one of the seven C0111-
nlissioners appointed by par-
liaInent to govern the anny,
37 0 .
Lunsford, colonel Henrv, iii. 200.
kiUed at the siege
f Bristol,
i \7. 15 I, 6 I 5. an officer of ex-
traordinary sobriety, industry,
and eourage, 15 I.
Lunsford, colonel, sir Thomas,
i. 171,461. ß1ade lieutenant
of the Tower in the room of sir
'V. Balfour, ii. 8 I. his charac-
ter, I 22. taken prisoner at
Edge-hin, iii. 292.
Lusignon
111arquis of, sent by
the prince of Condé as his
mnbassador to l\Iadrid, vi. 45 I,
11. afterwards beheaded, ib.
Lutterel, - owner of Dunstan
castle, surrendered it to the
king's forces, iv. 110.
Lvme, relieved bv the earl of
.Essex, iv. 497. .
Lynne, desigp of surprising, by
lord 'Villoughby of Parham,
and sir Horatio 'Townsend, vii.
3 22 .
Lyonne, lVr. de, vii. 341.
1\1.
l\facdonnel, fiunily of, v. 94.
l\Iacdonnel, Alexander, v. 94,
I J 3.
1\lacguyre, lord, ii. 582.
IVlacguyres, the, vi. 144.
l\Iachiavel, Kicholas, vindication
of, v. 543. w. in loco
l\fackey, lord" i. 269.
l\lackworth, sir Francis, v. 195,

19 6 , 197.
l\Iac Mahon, Ever, titular bishop
of Clogher, viii. 56, J 37. (see
bp. of Clogher.)
l\lacmahoons, the, vi. 144.
'l\lademoiselle, (see Orleans.)
l\Iadrid, ambassadors and public
Ininisters there receive greater
respect than in any other court
in Christendom, vi. 446.
l\Iahon, l\lark
ii. 582.
IVlahoni, - viii. 72.
l\laitland, lord, (see earl of Lau-
derdale. )
l\Iajor generals, a sort of military
magistrates appointed by Crom-
weB ,whilst protector, vii. 187.
their power" 188. abridged by
him, 222.
l\laleife, - viii. 28.

Ialignants, a tern1 imposed upon
all those WhOlll the factious
party llleant to render odious
to the people, ii. 9 I.
l\Iallett, sir Thomas, judge, com-
mitted to the Tower for baving
seen a petition in favour of the
Common Praver Book, and a-
gainst the i
position of the
nlÌlitia by ordinance, ii. 348.
iii. 153, 537. redeemed by the
king by giving up another pri-
soner in exchange, iii. J 55.
l\Ianory
colonel, vii. 24 8 , 249,
25 0 , 253.
l\Ialtravers
lord, (see lord l\Iow-
bray.)
l\Ianchester disaffected to the
king, iii. 259, n. lord Strange
undertakes to reduce it, ib. not
so fortunately performed, ib.
l\Ianchester, IIenry l\Iontagu, vi
-
eount l\Iandevile, first earl of,
had been lord treasurer, i. 84.
his origin and rise, 96. was
lord privy-seal, ib. his charac-
ter, 97. his death, 9 8 .
l\ianchester, second earl of, (see
lord KÏ1llbolton.)
Mancini, - vii. 286.

INDEX.

:\Iandevile, Robert l\lontagu, vis-
count, afterwards third earl of
l\lanchester, one of the cOllunit-
tee sent by parliament to wait
on Charles II. at the Hague, vii.
499. (see lord Kim bolton and
the earl of l\Ianchester.)
l\Ianners
Frances, married to the
duke of Buckingham, i. 62.
afterwards to the earl of An-
trim, v. 92. Charles I. always
heard her with favour on ac-
count of her first husband,
110. notice of her, ib.
l\Ianning, - disco\rery of his
treachery in revealing Charles
11.'8 designs, and a particular
account of it, vii. 149-159.
l\Iansel, sir Robert, iii. 108.
1\Ianton, - one of the presby-
terian divines who had a pub-
lic and private audience of
Charles II. at the Hague, vii.
5 01 ,5 02 .
l\Jantua, duke of, v. 348.
l\Ianwairing, - iii. 391.
J\Iarcello, -- viii. i 2, 11.
l\largaret of Austria, (see queen
of Spain.)
)largarita, don Josepho de, di.
355.
1\Iarkev, lord, iv. 628.
l\Iarlb
rough garrisoned by the
parliament, iii. 340. taken bv
the king's forces under lieute:'
Bant general 'Vilmot, 34 2 .
l\larlborough, James Ley, first
earl of, had been lord trea-
surer, i. 84. why renloved, ib.
l\Iarlborough, I-Ienry Ley, second
earl of, general of the king's
artillery, iv. ] 29. one úf the
lords who signed the letter to
the privy-council and conser-
,-ators of the peace in Scot-
land, 632.
l\Iarsh, - v. 202, n.
l\Iarshall, - i. 358. v. 44 0 .
he and Dr. Burgess had more
jJlAu
nceupon parliament, than

archbishop Laud had upon
the court, ii. 25. notice of his
preaching against the lllalig-
nants, iii. 231. he and Dr.
Downing publicly avowed, that
the soldiers taken prisoners,
and released by Charles I. upon
tht'ir oaths of not bearing arms
against hiJn again, were not
bound by that oath, 339. bi-
shop ,,, arburton remarks, this,
if true, was a most villainous
profanation of their ministry,
W. in loc. sen t as one of the
parlianlent commissioners into
Scotland for relief, iv. 153.
was one of the parliament
cOlnmissioners in ecclesiastical
matters to treat at Uxbridge,
v. 52. was chief chaplain in
the anny, ib.
l\Iarston-nloor, battle of, iv. 509.
l\Iartin, Anthony, bishopofl\leath,
a lord justice in Ireland, iv.
393.
l\Iartin, Anthony, viii. 5 I.
l\Iartin, sir Henry, i. 13, 360.
l\Iartin, or l\Iartyn, Henry, iv.
I 7, 5 I. accused of high trea-
son by the king, 6r8. the par-
liament-governor of Reading,
iii. 3 18. fled at the king's ap-
proach, ib. one of the leaders
of the independent party in
parliament, v. 89. 11is applica-
tion of the story of l\loses to
the sitting of parliament, vii.
5.
l\Iary, queen, i. 396.
l\Iary, queen of Scots, her death

n unparalleled act of blood,
J. 132.

Iary, princess, ii. 188, 259. mar-
ried the prince of Orange, iii.
233.
l\rIary Anne, (see queen of Spain.)
l\lassonet, - vii. 7 I, 7 6 .
l\[assev, colonel, afterwards ma-
jor "'general, iv. 228. v. 444-.
vi. 49 6 . 11". vi. 577. governor

I N D E X.

of G]oucester, iv. 175. why he
sided with the parliament, ib.
notice of him, 175, 195, 11. an
attempt to gain him over, 176,
195, n. unsuccessful, 179, 195,
fl. IV. iv. 177. a letter of kind-
ness and one thousand pounds
sent hiln by parliament for
holding Gloucester out against
the king's forces, iv. 257. de-
prived of his cOlnmission by the
self-denying ordinance, v. 132.
tnuch beloved in the city, 454.
one of the leading men in the
house of commons, 454. vi.
208. committed to prison by
the house, vi. 208. has the
command of a regiment of
horse under the duke of Buck-
ingham for Charles II. 494.
sent to Inarch before the king
into England from Scotland,
495. wounded i
él an excursion
from \V orcester, 509. iaken in
his flight from thence, 576.
sent to the Tower, 577. a de-
sign of trying him by a high
court of justice, ib. escapes, ib.
his project of surprising Glou-
cester, vii. 322. Letrayed by
sir R. 'Villis, 327. seized on,
but escapes, 33 1 .
l\laster of the rolls, (see Rolls.)
l\laurice, prince, iii. 271. the
greatest general of his age, i\r.
5 6 3.
lVIaurice, prince, iii. 466. h-. r 33,
3'5,47 0 ,49 6 ,497,5 6 9,573,
577, v. 21 4, 28 7, 288, 28 9,
295, 29 6 , 3 8 9. fV. Ï\p. 107, 172,
299, 3 22 . v. 2. his arrival in
England, iii. 189, n. present
at the rencounter between the
forces near '" orce
ter, where
his brother, prince Rupert,
gets the better, 234, 235. fol-
lows sir 'V. 'Valler, 468. iv.
29. notice of his character,
iv. 603. he and the marquis of
Hertford sent into the west,

95, n. 10 5, 10 7. they join the
Cornish forces at Chard, 109.
some jealousy between them,
112. his skirn1ish with the
enemy near Chewton, I 16-
1 I 8. present at the battle of
Lansdown, 120-122. he and
the marquis retire to Chip-
penham, 127. break through
the enemy's quarters with the
horse, and reach Oxford, 129,
607, 132. they return to Bath
to assist at the siege of Bris-
tol, 141, 61 T. how far con-
cerned in the 1ealousies which
arose among the king-'s officers
about the government of Bris-
tol, 162, 616, 168. sent into
the west with au army, 17 r.
his movements, 2JI, 213.
comes before Exeter with his
army, 214. the earl of 'Var-
wick attempts to relie\re it,
but succeeds not, 2 15. it sur-
renders to him upon articles,
2 19. fresh difference between
him and the marquis of Hert-
ford about the governorship of
'Veynlonth, 2 30. ,vh
t errors
he
ommitted after the reduc-
tion of Exeter, 316, 32 I. sits
do\yn before Dartmouth, and
takes it, 322. sits do\vn before
Plymouth too late, 323. be-
sieges Lyme, 48 I. which is
relieved bv the earl of Essex,
497, 573." lost much reputa-
tion by spending nearly t\vo
years against Plymouth and
Lyme without taking either,
522, 1l. W. iv. 573. pursued
by the earl of Essex, iv. 525.
one of those ot1ìcers who signed
the letter to the earl of Essex
urging him to a treaty, 538.
present at the second battle of
Ne",-bury, 588. was governor
of 'Vorcester, v. 288. hishop
Warburton says he excelled in
nothing but. plundering the

I N D .E X.

country, W. iv. 497. his cen-
Slues of his errors, iv. 573, 5 8 4.
l\laxwell, -- gentleman usher
of the black rod, i. 33 6 , .525.
l\Iay, - iii. 587, 5 88 , 589.
l\laynard, John, UT. ii. 34. his
argument in parliament against
the vote of no more addresses
to the king, v. 5 16. abstained
from parliament in consequence
of this vote, 5 I 7. sent to the
Tower by Cromwell for ques-
tioning the legality of a com-
lnitnlent, vii. 295, 296. bishop
,V arbl1rton's observation on
the strangeness of his conduct,
W. in luc.
l\Iazarine, cardinal, iv. 330. v.
35 2 , 3 6 9, n. 383, 392, 4 10 ,
5 26 . \7i. 32, 310, 4 6 9. vii. 79,
80, 174, 227, 286, 297, 3 18 ,
34S, 35 6 . IV. v. 349. presides
over the French counsels, iv.
329. v. 348. reason of his rise,
v. 3+8
notice of him, ib. his
supposed views with regard to
England, iv. 329, 332. v.349.
why more inclined to aid
Charles I. after the battle of
Naseby, v. 350. lord Digby's
transactions with him, 375.
his views as to the prince of
'Vales's going into France,
4 I 3. promised to supply the
luarquis of Ormond with arms
aud ammunition on his return
into Ireland, 524. did not do
so from fear of the English
parliament, 556. vi. 3 2 , 340,
n. gi ves no encouragement to
the king's party, vi. 141. courted
Cromwell, 248. bought some
of Charles I. 's rich furniture,
ib. gives th
mar<luis ofl\fount-
rose no encouragement, 285.
glad at the departure of
Charles II. from Paris, 352.
the prince of Condé breaks
his friendship with him, 353,
355. one of the exceptions

the prince had against hint,
358. fears an attempt on his
person from the cabals in con-
sequence, 355. lord Cotting-
- ton and the chancellor wait
upon him in their ,vay to
Spain, 356. his message to
don Lewis de Haro by them,
which he afterwards disavows,
ib. the rluke of Espernon his
fast friend, 357. causes the
imprisonment of the princes
of Condé and Conti, and of
the duke of Longueville, and
the flight of marshal Turenne,
376, n. 378. engages twenty
thousand Irish in the service
of }
rallce, 430. the English
parliament at first more dis-
posed to a peace with Spain
than France, from their preju-
dice to him, 44 J. first sug-
gested the idea of the duke of
York's entering the French
service, 559. being pressed by
the parliament of Paris, is
obliged to set the princes at
liberty again, 583. tumult at
Paris against him, ib. why he
resents not the cúpture of a
}'rench fleet by the English,
but sends an ambassador into
England, ÓO 5. proeeeds in a
treaty with Cromwell, vii. 49.
pays Charles II. all the arrears
of his salary from ]?rauce, 82.
throws difficulties in the way
of the king's selling son1e can-
non, 83. why he gives the
duke of York notice to quit
the }'l'ench service, 229. the
earl of Bristol ordered to leave
France owing to him, 230.
Cromwell's influence over him,
300. advised by the queen-
mother of France to make a
peace between l
rance and
Spain, 340. his arguments
against it
ib. why he at last
Jielderl, 34 I. hi
promi
e:-: to

INDEX.

Lockhart touching his adher-
ing to the parliament, 342.
two particulars of difficulty in
the treaty with Spain referred
to a personal conference be-
tween him and don Lewis de
Haro
343. at Fuentarabia,
344. advises against Charles
II. being present at it, 345.
how he and don Lewis de
I-Iaro settled the points of dif-
ficulty, 349-355. how he de-
luded the pope as to this
treaty, 355. deceived Lock-
hart also as to the treaty, who
was in general too hard for
him
357. would not see
Charles II. when he canle to
Fuentarabia, 360. offers to
Inake Lockhart a n1arshal of
France if he would deliver up
Dunkirk and IVCardike to the
}
rench, 449. persuades the
queen-mother of England to
send lord Jermvn to invite
the king into France upon
the prospect of his restora-
tion
493. his death, 357,
506, 'll.
l\Ieath, Anthony l\iartin, bishop
of
a lord justice in Ireland,
iv. 393.
l\Iedina Celi, duke de, vi. 383,
44 2 .
l\Iedina de los Torres, duke de,
one of the Spanish council of
state, vi. 382. notice of, 385,
'1l.
1\leldrum" sir John, iv. 442,444,
n.
Melleray, n1arshal, governor of
Nantes, vii. 78.
l\lelos, }'rancisco de
governor of
Flanders, discountenances any
· preparations in favour of Charles
I. iii. 357. one of the Spanish
council of state, vi. 383. notice
of him, 386, n. lost the battle of
Rocroix to the prince ofCoude,
387, Tl.

Men1bers; five n1embers of the
house of commons accused of
high treason by order of Charles
I. ii. I 24. the articles against
them, ib. a sergeant at arms
demands them in the house of
commons, 125. the king goes
to the house to demand thenl,
126, they remove into the
city, 130. where the king goes
after them, ib. a declaration of
the commons touching them,
156. tIley are brought in tri-
umph to '\Vestmin!;it(',r, 164.
:!\Iemorial to the pope against his
nuncio in Ireland, viii. 68.
l\lennes, sir John, rcar-admiral,
unquestionably loyal, iii. I J 2.
refused to act under the earl
of'Varwick as admiral, and is
discharged
I 14, 590. com-
mands a ship in the prince of
'Vales's fleet, vi. 150. sent to
Zealand, vii. 135-
IVIen tz, elector of, the wisest and
n10st practical prince of the
German empire, vii. 105. a
slnall subsidy granted by the
diet to Charles II. chiefly
through him, 105, 106.
Merchant-Tailors' hall, the com-
1l1ittee of the house of com-
mons that removed into the
city for safety sat there, ii.
133.
l\ierrick, sir John, made general
of the parliaIl1ent's ordinance,
iv. 27.
l\lerton college, Oxford, queen
Henrietta lodged there, 1643.
iv. 263.
l\Iervin, colonel Audly, iii. 477.
l\iessage from the king at \Vind-
sor to bot h houses of parlia-
ment, ii. 176. and J aUllary 20.
19I. and in his way to York,
290. from both houses to him,
l\larch 28, 1642. 335. his an-
swer, ib. from him to them,
\pril 8, 1642. offering to go

I N II :E X.

in person to Ireland, 356.
their answer, 360. his reply
touching his going to Ireland,
365. from him to then}, April
28, 1642. concerning his re-
fusal to pass the bill for the
militia, 375. and concerning
Hull, 386. and again concern-
ing I-Iull, 387. their answer to
these two messages, 398. his
reply, 400. the king consults
at N ottinghaln of sending a
message for peace to both
houses, iii. 203. the ß}essage
207. their answer, 21 I. an-
other nlessage from him to
them, 2 I 2. their answer, 214'
another from him in reply,
2 18. frDIn him at Reading to
them, 33 I. substance of his
nlessage to the privy-council
of Scotland upon occasion of
the two houses' declaration to
that kingdom, 344. from him
to both houses, April 12, 1643.
iv. 14. and l\Iay 20. 53. and
l\Iarch 3. 4 12 . their answer,
413. the king sends a message
of peace, 561. he sends an-
other nlessage for peace, which
was laid aside by the houses,
v. 338. the parliament send a
lnessage to hi 111 to pass four
acts, 506. his answer, 507.
the substance of the message
of both houses to him, August
1648. vi. 106. his answer,
107. the queen's first lnessage
to Charles II. 269. l\Iounta-
gue.s message to him, vii. 49 I.
nlessage from the lord deputy
of Ireland to the duke of Lor-
rain's ambassador, viii. 210.
l\Iexico, vice-king of, vii. 19 0 .
l\Iiddlesex, Lionel Cranfield, first
earl of, i. 19. iii. 380. was lord
high treasurer, i. 19, 84. both
his rise ann f
dl owing to the
duke of Buckingham, 39, 40.

inlpeached, 40. unjust
en-
tence against him, 42. James
I. 's prophetic declaration rela-
tive to this impeachment, 41.
l\fiddlesex,Lionel Cranfield, third
and last earl of, one of the
committee sent by parliament
to wait on Charles II. at the
Hague
vii. 499.
l\liddleton, colonel, afterwards
lieutenant general, sirThomas,
iv. 395, 544, 5 61 , 57 1 , 57 8 .
vi. 577, 57 8 , 579, 5 82 . de-
feated in a skirmish by sir C.Lu..
cas, iv. 139. noticeofhirn,543.
unsuccessful against Donning-
ton castle, ib. assembles some
troops in Scotland, vi. 282.
had very entire affection for
Charles II. 485. commands
the horse of Charles II.'s
Scotch army, 488. Lesley,
Charles's lieutenant general,
jealous of him because he was
generally beloved, 509. the
part of the army where he
was, made a brave resistance
at the battle of ,V Ol.cester,
5 I 1. wounded, 5 I 1,576. taken
prisoner, and sent to the Tower,
57 6 . designed to be tried by a
high court of justice, 577.
nlakes his escape into }'rance,
ib. is sent into Scotland, vii.
53, 54, 58. his successes, 10 9.
his defèat
lIT. joins sir G.
Booth in his attempt on Ches-
ter, 323, 332. their declara-
tion, 332. delivers up his castle
to Lambert, 335.
l\lildmay, sir IIenry, i. 308. one
of the comnliuee of the house
of commons appointed to sit
during the recess, ii. 10. one
of the 111urderers of Charles I.
vi. 235. notice of his rise and
conduct, 234. the princess
Elizabeth and the duke of
Glol1cc
tcr jntru
lcd to his

I N D E X.

care as governor of Carisbrook
castle, vii. 86.
l\lilitia, sir A. I-Iaslerig prefers a
bill for settling it, i. 486. Saint-
John seconds it, 487. the bill
read once, and no more, 4 88 .
a proposal in the commons for
a comInittee to consider the
present state and power of the
tnilitia, ii. 7 6 . debated, 77.
Saint-J ohn declares the power
of it not to be in the king, ib.
he is appointed to bring in a
bill to settle it, 79. the bill
received, 80. passed the com-
mons, 179. petitions from se-
veral counties concerning the
nlilitia, 206. how the bill
passed the lords, 227. an or-
di nance agreed on by both
houses for settling the militia,
253. the king's answer re-
specting the militia, 259, the
reply of the commons, ib. his
farther answer, 264. votes of
both houses upon it, 268. and
petition to the king, 269. his
answer, 271. resolutions of
both houses upon it, 272.
votes of both houses concern-
ing the militia, 292. the king's
luessage to both houses con-
cerning his refusal to pass the
bill for the m ili tia, 375. de-
claration of both houses con-
cerning the ll1Ìlitia, 404. (see
Parliamen t. )
l\Iilton, John, W. ii. 83. v. .385.
Mitton, colonel, vi. 42. he and
colonel Langhorn seize on
Shrewsbury for the parliament,
v. 67.
l\lodena, duke of, vii. 23 2.
1\lohun, lord, iv. 12 9, 53 6 , 540.
one of those who signed the
declaration that the king had
no intentions of war, iii. 72,
571. his doubtful conduct,
424, 425. joined in the conl-

mand of the king's forces in
Cornwall, 425. not very gra-
cious there, 426. present at
the taking of Saltasb, 429,
430. and at the battle near
Stratton, iv. 98. one of the
lords who signed the letter to
the privy-council and conser-
vators of the peace in Scot-
land, 633.
1\lolesworth, nlajor-general, v.
273, 2SI.
l\fonk, colonel G
orge, after-
wards duke of Albemarle, vii.
3 0 3, 395, 4 20 . IV. vii. 2 I 7

394, 4 28 , 49 8 . distinguished
himself in early life, in the
Spani8h and Dutch war, vii.
319. had formerly served the
king, vi. 343. vii. 380. was
sometinJe imprisoned in the
Tower, ib. having been taken
prisoner at N antwich, vii. 380.
prevailed with to sen'e the par-
liament against the Irish, as
that would not be against tIle
king, vi. 343. vii. 380. by the
parliament's instructions he
treats privately with O'Neile,
425. parliament refuses to ra-
tify this treaty, 426. compelled
to surrender Dundalk to lord
Inchiquin, viii. 91, 92. left by
Cromwell in Scotland, vi. 493.
where he made himself terri-
ble, 494, 578, 61 I. called out
of Scotland by Cromwell, and
n1ade one
f his admirals, vii.
2 I. after the Dutch war re-
turns to the governlnent of
Scotland, 33. the state of that
kingdom under him, 52. the
earl of Glen carne, who had re-
ceived a commission from
Charles II. makes his peace
with him, 54. being Lambert's
rival, would not have allowed
him to be protector, 104. de-
clares his obedience to parli.l-

INDEX.

ment, 3 I 8. appointed by par-
liament one of the seven COln-
luissioners to govern the army,
370. Cobbet sent into Scot-
land to him by the committee
of safety, 375. writes to the
officers of the army declaring
ff.}r the parliament, 377. pos-
sesses Berwick, ib. imprisons
Cobbet, ib. purges his army of
t
tnatics, ib. Lambert sent a-
gainst hinl
378. they send
charges &c. to him, ib. his an-
swer to them, ib. appoints
three commissioners to treat
with the officers of the army at
London, 379. they at London
accept of a treaty, ib. a parti-
cular account of him, and of
the previous circumstances of
his life, ib. his jealousy of
Lam bert before this time, 385.
calls together an assembly of
the Scottish nation, l.b. his
discourse to theIn, 386. ob-
servations on his inten tions as
to Charles II. 395, 396. W. in
loco marches towards London,
vii. 397. the parlianlent de:;ire
that part of his forces may be
sent back to Scotland, ib. comes
to York, ib. addresses to him
from all counties as he passed,
398. the city sent to him by
their sword-bearer to the same
purpose, ib. his manner of re-
ceiving these addresses, ib. the
parliaulent send Scot and Ro-
hinson to nleet him, 399. at
St. Alban's he sends to the par-
liament to have the other regi-
meuts moved out of town,
400. the parliament give orders
accordingly, ib. he marches into
London, 40 I. is conductcd to
parliamcnt, and complimented
by the speaker, 40'2. his reply,
4 0 3. sent by parliament to re-
duce the common council of
the city to obedience, 405. re-
VOl.. VIII.

turns to Whitehall, 406. the
parliament resolve to join
others in comnlission with
him, ib. his officers discontent-
ed at this ueblect of the par-
liament towards him, 407. this
awakens him, 408. he marches
again into ihe city, and sends
an expostulatory letter to the
parliament, 409. thid letter
printed and dispersed
4 [ o.
meets the lord Inavor and
comnlon council, excu;es what
was past, and promises to
stand by them, and they by
him, ib. great rejoicings in the
city npon it, ib. the parliament
send some members to treat
with him, 411. he engages
them in a confer{'nce with
some excluded Inembers, ib.
returns to 'Vhitehall, 4 12.
sends for mell1bers of both
partics, ib. delivers his mind
to them in a paper, ib. the
parliament reforln the navy,
nlaking him and l\Iountague
admirals, 432, 433. his coun-
sels at this time, 439. had a..
conference with divers at Nor-
thumberland house, about the
restoration of Charles II. ib.
consults with l\ir.l\:Iorrice, 44 I.
what wrought Inost upon him
in fitVour of the king, 44 2 .
sends sir J. Greenvil t.o ne-
gociate with him
443, 445.
the king's deliberations upon
the terms proposed by him,
447. advised the king's letters
to parliament, &c. 45]. the
king's letter to hinI and the
arlny, 454. his behaviour after
this time, 47 I. offercd all the
authority Cromwell had, and
the title of king, ib. bishop
\Varburton says this offer was
too late, 11: in loco acquaints
the parliament of the arrival of
these letters frOll1 the king, vii.
nh

I N D E X.

478. the king confers the or-
der of the garter upon him,
504. in what, according to bi-
shop 'Varburton, he shewed an
understanding superior to Lam-
bert's, W. vii. 375. in the
opinion of the bishop, he never
had any purpose to serve the
king, till he saw it was in vain
to -think of serving any body
else, 39 6 , 407,4251442,444.
what, according to the bishop,
prevented his becoming pro-
tector, 406.

Ion k, reverend - notice of,
vii. 383. his effort to gain over
his brùther, general l\lonk, to
serve the king, 384.
Monnlouth, Henry Carey, second
and last earl of, one of those
who signed the declaration that
the king had no intentions of
war, iii. 7 2 , 57 I.
l\Ionroe, sir George, vi. 50. hav-
ing entered England, upon
duke Hamilton's defeat re-
treats towards Scotland, ,,"i. 89.
the committee of the Scottish
parliament order him to dis-
band, 93.
Monsieur, J. B. Gaston
duke of
Orleans, v. 348.
Montague, - a priest in the
Roman catholic church, vi.
48 I. had great power with
queen Henrietta, ib. the chan-
cellor of the exchequer confers
with him about Dr. Cosins's
being prohibited to officiate to
the protestants in the queen's
family at Paris, 482. the duke
of Gloucester committed to
his care by the queen in order
to pervert him in his religion,
vii. 122. obliged to give hiln
up. 123.
l\iontague, (see l\Iountague.)
Montgomery, Philip Herbert, earl
of, (see earl of Penlbroke.)
l\lontgomery of the Ardes, vis...

count, viii. 103. drove sir C.
Coote into Londonderry, viii.
90. O'Neile obliges hinl to raise
the siege, 93.
Montgomery. sir James, iii. 477.
Montmorency, duke of: v. 348.
Montrevil, - v. 358, 369, 1l.
382, 395. sent by the interpo-
sition of France to negociate
a treaty between Charles I.
and the" Scots, v. 345. his ne-
gociation with the king. 35 I_
his endeavours with both par-
ties, 354. reason for his return
to France, 381, 397. a farther
account of his negociation with
the Scots, 383-392. why
given, 383, 384. notice of him,
384- the paper he sent to the
king, being a promise for the
Scots recei\'-ing the king, 387.
l\lontrose, marquis of, (see1\Iount-
rose. )
l\Ioore, Charles lord, second vis-
count Drogheda, defended
Drogheda against Jones, viii.
101.
l\-lora, Juan de, notice of, VI.
385, n.
l\ioray, sir Robert, v. 352.
1\lordaunt, .1 ohn, (afterwards vis-
count, Avalon,vii. 469.) vi. 6. vii.
443, 45 I. active for Charles II.
vii. 244. is seized on, owing to
Mr. Stapley's discovery, and
committed to the Tower, 245.
tried before a high court of
justice, 246. the n1eans by
which he escaped sentence,
247. set at liberty, 251. enl-
barks again in the king
s calise,
ib. goes to Brussels to acquaint
the king with the preparations,
32 1,328. the king informs him
of sir Richard \Villis's betraying
their designs, 329. known to
be entirely trusted by the king,
yet not molested, 432. goes
over to Brussels with sir J.
Greenvil, who carried instruc-

I N D E X.

lions from general l\lonk to
the king, 445. and returns
with him with despatches to
England, 454.
l\Iore, sir Thomas, W. i. 1 i 4.
1\Ioreland, - vii. 324,

loreton. sir Albert, i. I 13.
l\Ioreton, Thomas, bishop of Dur-
ham, the earl of Essex had a
great re\Terence for him, i. 409.
one of the bishops who signed
the protestation against their
constrained a bsence from the
house of lords, ii. 1 16.
1\Ioreton, (see 1\lorton.)
l\lorgan, sir Charles, i. 103.
1\lorgan, Inajor-general, vii. 38ï.
l\lorley, colonel, iv. 552. vii. 3 ï 7.
one of the seven commissioners
appointed by parliament to
govern the army, vii. 370. he,
Haslerig, and 'Valton go to
Portsmouth, 376. which de-
clares for the )Jarliament, ib.
he and Haslerig looked upon
as invested with the authority
of parliament, 388. they marcÎ}
towards London, 390. the con-
sequences, ib.
l\forley, Dr. George, afterwards
bishop of 'Vinchester, one of
the chaplains allowed by the
army to attend Charles I. at
Newmarket, v. 442. attended
lord Capel to the scaffold, vi.
26 3.
l\Iorrice, colonel, notice of, \Ti.
I 12. first served the king, ib.
then sided with the parlia-
ment, i!J. whv left out of their
a.rmy when n
\V modelled, 1 13.
his subsequent conduct, ib. an
account of his surprising Pon-
tcfraet castle fc)r the king, I 13
-1 18. would not accept the
com mand of it, T 19. concerned
in the murder of Raillsborough
there, 124- escaped when the
cas tIe was del i \Tercel up to
Lambert, 125. taken in Lanca-

shire and put to death, 126. bp.
'Varbllrton calls him a deuau-
r.hee and a renegado, fV. in loco
l\forrice, afterwards sir '''illiam,
notice of, vii. 44 I. consulted
by general l\1onk concerning
the restoration of Charles II.
44 T, 442.. introduce,:; sir J_
Greenvil to l\lonk, 443. the
transactions between him,
:\Ionk, and Greenvil, 444. re-
eommended to the king for
one of his secretaries of statp,
454- he alone knew of l\Ionk's
having recei\'ed a letter from
the king, 471. knighted and
made secretary of state by the
king, 504.
1)lorton, countess of, (see lady
Dalkeith. )
l\Iorton, sir \Villiam, notice of,
iv. 489.
1\Iorton, (see l\Ioreton.)
l\ioulins, - vii. 300.
l\lountague, sir Edward, lord chief
justice, i. 96.
Mountague, admiral, Edwarò,
afterwards made earl of Sand-
wich, TV. vii. 17. sent to join
with Blake, and put in commis-
sion with him, vii. 189- the p
r-
liament reform the navy by mak-
ing him and l\lonk
d
)i1"als,
432. an account of him, 433.
suspected of fa.\"ouring the king,
437. his message to him, 491.
goes with the fleet to Holland,
and presents his duty to the
king, and duke of York, 498.
this expedition never forgiven
him by some, ib. particularly
not by l\lonk, according to bi-
shop'Varburton, W. in Lor. the
garter sent to him by the king,
vii. 504-
1\10nntague of Houghton, Ed-
ward lord, notice ot: iii. 22i.
imprisoned by the parhUllent
for being dissat isfied wit h
their proceedings against the
R b 2

INDEX.

king and concerning the mi-
litia, iii. 227. iv. 630.
l\lountague, Edward, (son of the
preceding,) succeeds in gain-
ing over his cousin, admiral
l\lountague, to the king, vii.
435, 43 6 . sent by the arl.miral
to tell the king he would obey
his orders, 491.
l\Iountague, sir Sidney, iii. 382.
Mountague, 'Valter, ii. 589. iv.
33 0 . vii. 3 6 4, 365. 1fT. iv. 330.
Mountague, (see l\lontagne.)
l\fountere\T, duke de, one of the
Spanisl
council of state, vi.
382. what situations he had
held, 385, rt. notice of him, ib.
Monntnorris, Francis Annesley,
viscount, the earl of Strafford's
severe conduct towards him,
i. 265, 3 8 3, 3 86 , 387. his rise,
3 8 9.
Monntrose, (l\Iontrose, ) James
Graham, fifth earl of, afterwards
luarqnis of, iv. 368, 513. v.
23 0 , 29 1 , 3 26 , 33 0 , 3 8 5, 39 0 .
vi. 308, 315, 3 16 , 397, n.
transactions in Scotland re-
specting him, Argyle, and Ha-
luÏiton, ii. 16, 575. his enmity
to Argyle, 17. the king declines
his offer of having Argyle and
Hamilton Inade away with, ib.
bishop 'Varburton's comment
on this offer, W. in loco comes
to the king and informs him
of the state of Scotland, iv.
43 I. one of those who accused
duke Hamilton of treason,
432, 628. one of those ap-
pointed to eXaInine into the
charges against the duke, 433.
most hated and contemned the
marquis of Argyle, V. 92. an
account of his expedition into
Scotland, 91. which he nearly
reduced, 246. defeated by Da-
vid LesJ
y, 248. the king gives
up the idea of joining him,
248, 285, 291. the king sends

to hin1 to disband, which he
did, 408. arrives in France, vi.
284. thence goes into Ger-
n1any, 285. the chancellor of
the exchequer sent to confer
with hinl in a village near the
Hague, 286. who thought the
king ought to have welcomed
him at once, ib. he comes to
the Hague, 287. certain Scotch
JonIs of the engagement refuse
even to be in the same rOOln
with hin}, 288, 289. earl of
Lauderdale's discourse against
hill1, 290. conference between
duke Han1Ìlton and an English
privy counsellor concerning the
affairs of Scotland, in which he
was concerned, 293-296. his
dependants kill Dorislaus, an
agent of the English parlia-
flIent at the Hague, 298. im-
possible to bring the Hamil-
tonian party to cooperate with
him, 306. his feeling with re-
spect to the chancellor of the
exchequer's going anlbassador
into Spain, 313. his object in
going to Hmnburgh, 315-
3 17, 4 08 . his design against
Scotland, 410, 41 I. embarks
for Scotland, lands there in
lVlarch, 1649. 412. publishes
his declaration, ib. the conti-
nuation of his affairs to his
death, 413. colonel Straghan
sent against him and his small
forces, 414. by whom he is
ronted, 4J 5. taken prisoner,
ib. brought to Edinburgh, 416.
brought before the parliament,
4 17. his behàviour there, ib.
the sentence against him, 419.
his discourse with the presby-
terian ministers, ib. his execu-
tion, 420. the execution of his
officers, 42 I. his character, ib.
notice of cardinal de Retz's
adnIiration of his person, liT.
vi. 284.

I N D E X.

Mount Stamford taken by the
king's forces, iv. 3 16.
Mowbray and l\ialtravers, Henry
:Frederick Howard, lord, af-
terwards earl of Arundel,
he and the earl of Pembroke
committed to the Tower for a
quarrel in the house of lords"
i. 460. iii. 555, n. one of those
who signed the declaration
that the king had no inten-
tions of war, iii. 7 J, 57 I. one
of the lords who signed the
letter to the privy council and
conservators of the peace in
Scotland, iv. 632.
l\loyle, lieutenant colonel Na-
thaniel, killed at the siege of
Bristol, iv. 151,615.
l\IuddyfonJ, -- one of the com-
n1is
ioners for the associatcd
county of Devon, v. 152.
l\Iulgrave, Edmund Shefficld, first
earl of, iv. 89. one of the few
pecrs who attended parliament,
16 43. iv. 403, 630.
l\lurray, Charles, v. 334.
l\Iurray, \Villiam, of the king's
bedchamber, ii. 17,575,576,
128, 608. lunch trusted by
Charles I. ii. 575. an avowed
enemy to marquis I-Iamilton,
576. lord Digby had a great
friendship with him, 128. one of
those the parliament wished to
he rellloved frOl11 the king, 187"
l\lnsgrayc, sir Philip, taken pri-
soner at Chester, v. 285. no-
tice of him, ib. he and sir 1\1.
Langdale, and others, tt"catcd
with by thc Scots, and invited
into Scotland, whither thev
went, vi. 12. their proceed"-
ïugs, 16, 45, 47. he surprises
Carlisle, 5 I, 52, 53,55. which
wa.s dclivered up again to par-
liament, 89, 90. transports
II i mself into n olland, 9 I.
l\luskerry, Charles 1\facarthy, vis-

count, viii. 33. luarried the
marquis of Ormond's sister,
vi. 147. was the most power-
ful person, and of the greatest
interest in l\iunster, ib. sent
as a commissioner fron1 Ire-
land to the queen and prince
of 'Vales at Paris, viii. 74.
commanded an Irish regiment
in the service of France at
Condé, vii. 225. his scruplcs
about serving the Spanish in-
stead, 226. which he however
does, 228.
N.
N antwich surrendered to lord
Grandison, iii. 259, 11. lord
Byron defeatcd tl)cre by sir T.
Fairfax, iv. 424, n. 429.
Naseby, battle of, v. 183.
Navy possessed by the parlia-
ment, iii. I 14. (see Fleet.)
Needsdale, lord, iv. 628.
Neve, sir 'Villialll Ie, Clarencieux
king at arms, iii. 284) 636.
Nevil, sir Henry, ambassador at
Paris, i. I 14.
N ewarl
, a garrison fixed there
by the earl of Newcastle, iii.
44 6 . relieved by prince Ru-
pert, iv. 443. condition of its
garrison at the king's arrival,
1645. v. 288. lord Bellasis
made its governor, 297, 300.
ordered by t.he king to sur-
render it, 396. and why, ib.
Newarl\, Henry Pierrcpoint, vis-
count, afterwarùs
econd ead
ofI
ingston and first marquis of
Dorchester, one of those who
signed thc declaration that the
king had no intentions of war,
iii. 72, 57 [. (as carl of Ki ng-
ston) one of the lords who
signed the lettcr to the privy
council and consen"ators of the
peace in Scotland, iv. 63
.
one of the king-'s commission-
ers to trcat at TJ xbridgc, v. 37.
nb3

I N D E X.

Newburgh, Janles Livingston,
viscount, afterwards iirst earl
of, ,,"i. 578, 579, 582. mar-
ried lady Aubigney, vi. 22 I.
how he and his wife served
the king, ib. they fled to the
Hague, 29 T. notice of his edu-
cation, 292. has the cornmand
of one of the four regiments
raised by Charles II. fronl his
subjects in Flanders, vii. 225.
N ewburgh, duke of, in Germany,
(the father,) reasons for his
turning Roman catholic, vii.
I 17.
Newburgh, duke of, in Germany,
(the son,) vii. 127, 353. enter-
tains Charles II. vii. 116. his
character, 117. a zealous Ro-
Ulan catholic, ib. twice married,
118. his discourse with Charles
II. about applying to pope
Alexander VII. for assistance,
12 4.
N ewburgh, duchess of, vii. 1 18.
Newburn, lord Conway routed
there by the Scotch covenant-
ers, i. 255.
Newbury, battle of, iv. 235. se-
cond battle of, 582.
Newcastle, secured for the king
iíi. 102, 119.
Newcastle, 'Villiam Cavendish,
first earl of, afterwards mar-
quis of, ii. 180, 381. iii. 49 J . iv.
53. v. 118. sunlptuouslyenter-
tains king Charles 011 his way
to Scotland to be crowned, i.
J 39. furnished a troop of horse
in the Scotch expedition, 220.
notice of him, 220. iii. 546. was
governor to the prince of\Vales,
i. 220. his zeal in the king's
cause remarkable, 472. resigns
his place of governor to the
prince, ii. 243. mention of him
in the communications be-
tween the king and parliament.
3 88 , 39 2 , 393, 5 2 3, 5 2 4. iii.

25, 26, 4 0 4, 409. securtS
:r\ewcastle for the king,iii.] 02,
I 19. one of those excepted by
parliament from being suffered
to nmke peace with them on
any terms, 239. was made go-
vernor of Newcastle, 442. goes
from Newcastle into York, 441,
443. high in the queen's fa-
vour, 444. receives her upon
her landing at Burlington,
445. fixes a garrison at New-
ark, 446. notice of his decla-
ration of his reasons for lnarch-
jng into Yorkshire, 498, 501,
519. his success there, 551, 1l.
iv. ) 37, 'fl. 195, n. impriso'ned
lord Savile, iii. 549. why he
could not march into the asso-
ciated counties, iv. 196, 224, n.
nlade a marquis, 618, 347.
drove lord Fairfax into Hull,
618.whatadvantagemight ha'"e
arisen from his then luarching
into the associated counties,
ib. obliged to raise the siege of
H nIl, 324, 347. one of the lords
who signed the letter to the
privy council and conservators
of the peace in Scotland, 349,
632. marches to oppose the
Scots, 421. retires to York,
upon colonel Bellasis's defeat,
422, 443, 464, 466. quits the
kingdom after the battle of
l\larston-moor, 5 10. observa-
tions on his conduct and his
character, 516. \Vellbeck, a
house of his in N ottingham-
shire; made one of the king's
garrisons, v. 246. lord 'Vith-
rington had an entire friend-
ship with him, vi. 504. and
accompanied hinl abroad. 505.
he resides at Antwerp, 616. bi-
shop 'Varburton calls him a
poor fantastic general, iv. 422.
and a fantastical virtuoso on
horseback, 5 I 2. what motives

INDEX.

the bishop assigns tor the
marquis's love of monarchy
and the church, 5 I 7. other
observations of the bishop re-
specting him, 464, 5 13, 5 16 ,
5 19, 5 20 , 52 I.
Newcastle, .John HolIes, duke of

Jr. iv. 206.
New College, Oxford
iii. 565.
New England, colony of, notice
of its foundation, i. 327. the
Inischief done to it by sir
Harry Vane, junior, ib.
Newport, l\Iountjoy Blount, first
earl of, i. 110. v. 234, 'il. one of
those who signed the declara-
tion, that the king had no in-
tentions of war, iii. 7 2 , 57 I.
and the letter to the privy-
council and conservators of
the peace in Scotland, iv.
63 2 .
Newport, -- Dutch mnbassa-
dor at London, vi. 86.
Newport, Francis, iii. 257, 'il.
Newport, sir Richard, notice of,
iii. 257, 'il. nmde baron New-
port of Ercall, 258, 'il. ready,
with others, to secure Shrews-
bury for Charle
II. vii. 323.
Newport in the Isle of \Vight,
treaty there between Charles
I. and the parliament commis-
sioners, vi. 109. particulars of
it, 152-187.
Newport Pannel possessed by
the parJiament forces, iv. 3 15.
Newton, - i. 3 I 2.
Neyl, Richard, bishop of Durham,
i. 350.
Nicholas, afterwards sir Edward,
secretary of state, ii. 334, iv.
35 6 . vi. 21, 22, 338, 617.
vii. 137. notice of, ii. 600.
made secretary of state, ib.
one of thosc who signed the
declaration, that the king had
no intentions of war, iii. 7 2 ,
57 I. one of those excepted by

parliament Eronl making peace
with them on any terms, 240.
some account of him, 549.
bishop '\Varburton's observa-
tion on it, UTe in loCo one of
those appointed to examine
into the charges against duke
Hamilton, iv. 433. one of the
king
s conunissioners to treat
at U x bridge, v. 37. notice of his
wife's dangerous illness, vi. 23,
n. goes to Charles II. at Aken,
who gives hitn the signet, vii.
108. persuaded the chancellor
of the exchequer to accept the
great seal, 237.
Nicholas, .John, vii. 135.
Niddisdale, (Nithsdale,) Robert
l\faxwell, first earl of, present
with lord Digby when routed
at Sherborne, v. 292, 293. goes
into Ireland, 293, 294.
Nismes, account of a faction in
the ejection of its consuls, vii.
298. CrolnweU's interference.
3 00 .
Nithsdale, earl oE, (see Niddis-
dale. )
Norcot, sir John, iii. 225.
Northampton, Spencer Comp-
ton, second earl of, iii. 608,
187, n. 188, tl. one of those
who signed the declaration
that the king had no inten-
tions of war, iii. 7 I, 571. the
command of the garrison at
Banburv conuuitted to him,
29 8 . r
lieves Stafford, 456.
slain at Hopton-heath, having
first vanquished the enemy's
horse, 457, 458. his character,
459,
Northampton, third earl of, (!ee
lord Compton.)
Northern parts, all account of
their disposition about the
end of 1643, iii. 435.
Northumberland, Henrv })en:r.
ninth earl of, impri
oned fn
Bb4

I N D E X.

the To\ver, under suspicion of

having some knowledge of the

unpowder treason, iii. 55 2 .
released through the medi-
ation of the earl of Carlisle,
who had married his daughter,
against his consent, ib.
Northumberland, Algernon Per-
cy, tenth earl of, lord high ad-
n1iral, i. 328, 39 2 , 40 I, 402,
4 6 9,4 8 7. ii. 290. iii. 13 I, 156,
475. iv. 3 2 7. appointed gene-
ral of the second expedition
against the Scotch covenanters,
i. 248. generally esteemed, 249.
instrumental in the appoint-
nlent of lord Conwav to be
general of the horse,
ho \vas
very dear to him, 250. too ill
to take the command, 254.
gave up his commission, 477.
ii. 596. high admiral of Eng-
land, i. 328. ii. 603. his de-
fection fron) the king's service,
i. 473. ii. 603. the honours
the king had conferred upon
him, i. 474. ii. 60 3, iii. 552.
origin of his quarrel with his
brother lord Percy, i. 474,475.
declares that whoever of the
house of lords refused to join
with the house of commons
respecting the militia, \vas an
enemy to the commonwealth,
ii. 226. parliament send to
hin1 to provide a fleet, 272.
urged by parliament to appoi
lt
the earl of Warwick his ad-
miral of the fleet, 333. the
king writes to him, that sir
J. Pennington should have the
com111and, 334. he appoints
the earl, 337. moved for a
con1mittee to consider how
there nlight be an accommo-
dation between the king and
his people, which was ap-
pointed, 504. his commission
of lord high admiral revoked

by the king. Hi. 106- t 12. re-
fuses to retain his post at the
desire of parliament against
the king's consent, I 13, 588.
why the parliament did not
force the Ineasure upon him,
588. one of those who pre-
sented a petition from both
houses to the king, 3 2J , 323.
one of the commissioners sent
by parliament to the king with
propositions of peace, January
1643. 4 02 , 403. his interest
saved the earl of Leicester
from a public exception by
parliament, 475. one of those
chosen again by parliament to
treat with the king, 485, 486,
528. his character, 55 I. what
advantages might have arisen
had the king reappointed him
lord high admiral, iv. 18. cud-
gelled IVlr.l\lartin after a con-
ference of the two houses in
the painted chamber, for hav-
ing opened a letter of his to
his lady, i V. 17, 5 I. which in-
creased the divisions of the
counsels at 'Vestmiuster, 205.
how far concerned in the de-
sign of l\ir. 'Valler and IV[r.
Tomkins, for the king, 6 I,
68. the violent party afraid to
proceed harshly against him,
77. one of those who were
weary of the war, 139. retires
for his health to his house at
Petworth with leave of par-
liament, 193, 209. would have
joined the king, had the other
lords, who first made the ex- .
periment, been well received,
209, 266. that not being the
case, he returns to parliament,
and is received with great re-
spect, 271, 338, n. surmises
on his not being appointed
lord high admiral by the par-
lianlent, 341. one of the few

I N D E X.

peers who now attended par-
liament, 403, 629. one of the
parliament's commissioners to
treat at Uxbridge, v. 36. hi3
part, 42. his feelings as to the
state of affairs in 16 44. 73.
was the proudest Ulan alive,
ib. one of those in whom the
militia was proposed to be
vested for seven or eight years,
78. the dukes of York and
Gloucester, and the princess,
committed to his care, 453,
47 I, n. how treated by him,
ib. are removed from his care,
vii. 85. withdrew with others
from parliament to the army,
v. 462. the consequence of this
step, 464. l\Ionk had a con-
ference with hinl and others
concerning the restoration of
Charles II. vii. 440.
Norton, sir Daniel, i. 49.
Norton, colonel, iv. 55 2 , 557.
Norton, - vi. 5 28 , 5 2 9, 53 0 ,
53 I, 533.
Norwich, earl of, (see lord George
Goring. )
Nottingham, Daniel Finch, se-
cond earl of, bishop Warbur-
ton's remark on a passage
oInitted, as he supposes, by
lord Clarendon's editors out of
civility to him, W. i. 522.
Noy, sir 'Villiam, attorney-gene-
ral, i. 501. iv. 89, n. his cha-
racter, i. 129. framed the odi-
ous project respecting soap,
130. drew up the writ for
ship-money, ib.
Nuncio of the pope in Ireland,
J. B. Itanucini, archbishop of
:Firn10
viii. 75, 82. his part
in the treaty, 1645. viii. 26.
thanks li"anning for the out-
rages he had conuuitted at
Limerick, 29. assumes the su-
preme power, 30. unites gene-
ral Preston wi th hÏInselt
and

marches as generalissimo to-
wards Dublin, 3], 37. con-
cerned in the decree of ex-
communication against such
as were disposed to peace, 36.
obliged to raise the siege of
Dublin, 46. his usurpation op-
posed by the marquis of Clan-
rickard and viscount Taaffe,
though Roman catholics, 66.
the confederate catholics 111ake
war on him, 67. and besiege
him in Galway, ib. compelled
to fly fron} Ireland, 68. memo-
rial to the pope against him. ib.
Nye, - one of the parliament
divines sent by thenl as a conl-
missioner into Scotland for re-
lief, iv. 153.
O.
Oath, (see Coronation oath.)
O'Connelly, Owen, ii. 20, 582,
27 6 .
Officers repel the rabble about
'Vhitehall, ii. 92. ('onsul-
tation among the officers
what to do wi tl1 the king y
J 649' vi. 224. conclude to
bave him publicly tried y 227.
the officers meet, and choose
:Flectwood general, &c. vii.
372. (see Army.)
Offices, great, des!gned for SOIne
heads of the popular party, i.
3 6 9.
OgilLy, lord, one of those who
accused duke Hamilton of
treason, iv. 433, 628.
Ogle, sir 'Villiam, iv. 554, 555.
seizes 'Vinchester castle for
Charl
s I. iv. 4 2 5, 'll. 449.
Ogniate, l\lark, serviceable to
Charles II. at Bruges, vii. 278.
Olivarez, duke of, vi. 383. parti-
culars of his quarrel with the
duke of Buckingham, i. 63.
his removal from the Spanish
court imputed to the Inarqllis
of Grana, vi. 375, fl. raised

I N D E X.

the duke of l\Iedina de los Tor-
res, who had nmrried his daugh-
ter, 385, n.
Olivarez, duchess of, notice of,
i. 67.
Oliver, receiver to the duke of
Buckinghan1, i. 60.
Oliver, (see Cromwell.)
O'Neile, Daniel, nephew of Owen
O'Neile, i. 279. iii. 593, 594.
vii. 239. viii. 55, 56, 106.
notice of his character and
}Jrevious life, v. 98. an enemy
to the earl of Stafford, 99. his
views and expectations,
9, 100.
his part in the earl of Mount-
rose's expedition into Scot-
land in favour of the king, 101
-} 12. banished from Scot-
land, whither he had accom-
panied Charles II. vi. 437. ac-
companies Charles II. to Fu-
entarabia, vii. 347, 358. his
duty on the journey, 348.
O'Neile, (O'Neal,) lIugh, viii.
144.
O'Neile, (O'Neal,) general, Owen
Roe, iv. 423, n. vi. 389. viii.
90, I 12, 148, 149. his cha-
racter, vi. 145. viii. 56. sup-
ports the disorders at Lin1e-
rick, viii. 29. endeavours to
surprise the lord lieutenant, ib.
bad the cOlnmand of all the
Irish in Ulster, and was the
best general they had, vi. 305,
31 I. enters the queen's county,
viii. 3 I. his and Preston's let-
ter to the lord lieutenant with
the propositions annexed, viii.
37-39. he and the nuncio
compelled to raise the siege of
Dublin, 46. message from him
to the lord lieutenant, 55.
writes to the supreme council
for a cessation, 56. his advice
how received, ib. the confe-
derate catholics make war on
him and the nuncio, 67, 75.

refused to subulit to the ar-
ticles of peace in Ireland,
though confirmed by the ca-
tholic council at Kilkennv,
viii. 82, 83, 106. vi. 14 6 , 305,
342. for what reasons, .vi. 342.
424. acts in concert with the
English rebels, viii. 9 I, 106. a
body of his army defeated by
lord lnchiquin, 92. he relieves
the English rebels in London-
derry, ib. l\Ionk treats pri\'ately
with him, by order of parlia-
Inent, vi. 425. who: notwith-
standing, refuse to ratify the
treaty, 426. viii. 108. enters into
an engagement with the lord
lieutenant in consequence, vi.
427. viii. 108. died as he was
going to join him, vi. 548. viii.
108, 145.
O'Neil, sir Phelim, leader of the
rebellion in Irela 11 d, ii. 22,
5 8 3.
O'Neil? major-general, viii. 224.
G'N eils, the, vii. 144.
Onslow, colonel, iv. 552.
Oquendo, -- vi. 460.
Orange, Henry Frederic de N as-
sau, prince of, i. 279. iii. 166,
444, 445. iv. 5 22 . vi. 468. vii.
I 16. well disposed towards
Charles I. vet unable to do
n1uch for l;itn, iii. 102, 357.
accused by the English parlia-
ment for supplying the king
with arms, &c. 354.
OranO'e, \Villiam X. de Nassau,
ð .
prince of, v. 47 2 . VI. 33, 3 6 ,
79, 2 13, 297, 3 08 , 320, 33 0 ,
40 I, 403. supplied Charles II.
with necessaries, vi. 269. ad-
vises that the king should refer
all matters of religion to a na-
tional synod, 3 18. and that
there sh
)llid be no sharpness
in the king's proposed decla-
ration, 319- supplies the king
with twenty thousand pounds,

I N l> E X.

323-325. advises him to ac-
cede to the terms offered bv
the Scotch, 399. died of th

smaH-pox, 468, 470. a prince
of great hope and expectation,
ib. why he adhered to that
party in the States that in-
clined more to }'rance than
to Spain, 469. Charles II.. lost
a sure friend in him, 470. in
what respects benefited by
him, ib.
Orange, 'Villiam Henry de Nas-
sau, prince of, one of thè ar-
ticles of peace between Crom-
well and the Dutch was, never
to admit the prince of Orange
to be their stateholder, gene-
ral, or admiral, vii. 25.
Orange, Elnilie de Sohns, princess
of, vii. III.
Orange,
Iary, daughter of Charles
I. princess of, ii. 233, 262. V .347,
47 2 . vi. 19,33, 79, 3 08 . vii. 79,
236. delivered of a son shortly
after her husband's death, vi.
470. dependent on the States,
483. resides at Spa with Charles
II. vii. 104. reI110VeS with hint
to Aken, 107. and to Cologne,
I I 2. differences between her
and the princess dowager, 1 , I.
visits the duke of Newbnrgh,
1 16. returns to I-Iolland, 1 19-
Order of parliament, to disarm
papists, ii. 3. concerning Hull,
295. against pawning the jew-
els of the crown, iii. 46. order
for bringing in money and
plate for maintaining horse,
59. orders from the admiralty
in Holland to thei r fleet not
to strike to the English, vi.
597. Cromwell's order for de-
cimating the property of the
king's party, vii. 161.
Ordinan{'c of parliament, for a
day of thanksóiving, on occa-
sion of the pacification with
Scotland, ii. 8. for settling the

militia, 253. for raising mone\'
upon public faith, iii. 334. fo"r
a reassessment of the city of
London, 37', 37 2 . for a week-
Iv assessment on the whole
kingdom, 493. to forbid the
next assizes and gaol-delivery,
536. for raising an army under
the earl of IVIanchester, iv.
190. the self-denying ordi-
nance proposed by Vane and
Crom,vell, v. 2 I. passed the
commons, 24, 90. and the
lords, , 31. set aside when it
had effected its purpose, 430.
archhishop Laud condemned
by an ordinance, 32. the par-
liarnent's ordinance upon the
king's desiring a personal treaty
with them, 342.
Orleans, duke of, v. 413, vi. 585-
notice of lord Cottington's in-
terview with him, vi. 355. vi-
sited Charles II. with civility,
584. alteration of his conduct,
586. mademoiselle, his daugh-
ter, thought of as a wife for
Charles II. 59
.
Orleans, duke of, (see l\Ionsieur.)
Orleans, duchess of, (see princess
Henrietta. )
Orleans, madenloiseUe, daughter
of the duke of, thought of as
a wife for Charles II. vi. 592.
the design comes to nothing,
594.
Ormond, James Butler, twelfth
earl of, afterwards marquis of,
and duke of, i. 249, 254, 492.
ii. 585, 588. iii. 483. iv. 355,
393. v. 93, 101, 113, 37 1 ,
479, 5 2 3. \Ti. 149, 27 0 , 3 0 5,
349,35 0 ,35 1 ,395,39 6 ,397,
4 2 3, 4 2 4, 4 28 , 54 6 , 5 6 9, 57 8 ,
579, 60 3, 61 5, 616. vii. 55,
56, 65, 66, 221, 228, 236,
243, 3'25, 3 2 7, 33 0 , 4 20 . viii.
25, 3 I, 49, 63, 7 1 , 86, 9 0 ,
94, 10 5,112. 113, 18 4, 18 5,
19 2 , 193, 208. the vindication

I N D E X.

of his character (rolu the asper-
sions of the titular bishop of
Fernes one motive for lord Cla-
rendon's wri ting the Short Vi ew
of the State of Ireland, viii. 4.
lieutenant generai in Ireland to
the earl of Strafford, i. 249. no-
tice ofh is character and conduct,
iii. 481. viii. 15, 16. victorious
in the battle ofKilrush, viii. 17.
beat general Preston at Rosse,
viii. 17. iv. 90. agrees to a ces-
sation with the Roman catho-
lic Irish, viii. 18. iv. 3 6 3, 423,
n. vindicated for so doing, viii.
19. continues it, 2 [. in this
interval he sends assistance to
Charles I. in England, iv. 423,
n. resolved not to act under
the earl of Leicester, who \",as
appointed lord lieutenant of
Ireland, iii. 48 I. nlade lord
lieutenant in his stead, iv. 349,
n. 350, 423. conten1ned the
earl of Antrim, who enter-
tained ma1ice against him, v.
97, 10 3. goes to Kilkenny,
where the assembly of confe-
derate catholics sat, viii. 26. his
return to Dublin attempted to
be cut off by Owen O'Neile,
29, 3 [. haughty propositions
to him from the confederate
catholics, 38. the difficulties
he lay under, 39. obliged to
treat with the English parlia-
ment, 41. ratifies the marquis
of Clanrickard's promises to
the catholics, 44. general Pres-
ton and his officers enter into
an engagement with him in
consequence, 45. makes the
marquis of Clanrickard general
of the army, 46. defection of
Preston's officers fronl him, 47.
reduced to great hardships, 48.
reasons for his putting Dublin
into the hands of the English
rather than the Irish, 50, 5 I,
the king's instructions to him,

52. proposes to deli\'er Dub-
lin to the English rebels, 54.
which alarills the Irish confe-
derates, ib. their overture to
him, 55. message from O'Neile
to him, ib. constrained to de-
liver up Dublin to the Eng-
lish rebels, and leave Ireland,
57. v. 477. t1.lse aspersions on
him, viii. 57. vindication of
him, 58. waits on the king at
Hampton-court, and acquaints
him with his care for his ser-
vice, 62. v. 478, 521. forbid-
den to continue his attendance
on the king by the English
rebels" viii. 64. who violate
their articles with him, ib.
and banish him from Lon-
don, 65. and give orders to
seize him, ib. he secretly
leaves England, and arrives i;l
France, ib. v. 522. well re-
ceived by queen Henrietta, v.
555. projects again to visit
Ireland, viii. 65, reasons that
mo\'ed hinl to it, v. 524. lord
lnchiquin invites him into
1\1unster, viii. 67. he in vain
solicits supplies frOln France,
74. v. 556. arrives in Ireland
with a small retinue, viii. 74.
vi. 32, 147. his affilirs there,
vi. 14I. the propositions of the
parliamentcommissiol1ers to the
king at Newport against delin-
quents, especially the marquis
of Ormond, 183. an account of
the affairs in Ireland after his
arrival, 340. writes to the as-
selnbly at Kilkenny, viii. 75.
conlmissioners sent to treat wjth
him, 76. invited to Kilkenny by
tIle assembly, ib. peace C01
-
eluded between them, 77. Il1s
speech to the assembly, 78.
had to provide against O'Ne
le,
who refused to submit to peace,
82. the many difficulties he
had to struggle with, 83. bor-

I N D E X.

rows money of the towns, 85.
takes Talbot's town and Castle
Talbot, 87. and Kildare, ib.
obliges Jones to rai
e his
camp, ib. marches towards
Dublin, 88. blocks it up, vi.
344. lord Inchiquin departs
from him into Munster, ib. re-
views his army, viii. 93. en-
camps at Rathmines, ib. defeat-
ed there by Jones, 97. vi. 345.
his conduct in this battle, viii.
98. observations on it, 99. he
retires to Kilkenny, 100. takes
Ballysonan in his march, ib.
which prevents Jones's pur-
suit, 101. obliges Jones to
raise the siege of Drogheda,
ib. receives advice of Crom-
well's landing at Dublin, ib.
proddes for the defence of
Drogheda, ib. which Cromwell
however takes, 102. he treats
with O'Neile, viii. 106-108.
vi. 424. who however died be-
fore he joined hinl, viii. 108.
yi. 548. his condition
vi. 546.
why he did not fight Crom-
well's anny, viii. III. forced
to disband his army, but pro-
vides for the defence of 'Va-
terford, ib. relieves Farren at
Passage, and stops the pursuit
of the rebels with a small
party, 114. his designs ob-
structed by the infl uence of
the popish clergy, 115. his
army separates, 1 16. he ex-
postulates with the conunis-
sioners of trust, ib. their ad-
vice to him, 1 18. to which he
assents, ib. with an inconsi-
derable force obliges Cronl-
well to draw off from Kilken-
ny, 12 I. endeavour
to pre-
serve Limerick, 122. his con-
ference with the commission-
ers of trust, J 23. ingratitude
of the Irish to him, 125. his
representation to the Irish,

I 26. perseveres In hi
loyal
endeavour
128. his answer
to the Irish pretended griev-
ances, 13 I. resolves to lem'e
Ireland, ib. the Irish concerned
at this, address him, 132. his
letter to the assembly at Logh-
reagh, 133. address on this let-
ter, 138. alters his resolution
of leaving Ireland, 140. letter
from the mayor of Limerick
to him, ib. his answer, 14 I.
his proposals, 142. advances
towards Limerick, 143. a mu-
tiny thereon
ib. vi. 549. he
escapes, vi. 549. repeated af-
fronts to him, viii. 144. letter
to hiIn from the titular arch-
bishops of Dublin and Tuam,
15 0 . his answer, 151. letter of
credit to him from the catho-
lic bishops at Jamestown, 154.
paper delivered to him bv their
two accredited agents, 156. ap-
points a meeting with the Irish
bishops at Loghreagh, 157,
158. but rejected
and only
two persons sent to receive his
ans\\ter . to their proposition,
15 8 . whereupon they excom-
Illunicate all who should ad-
here to him, 159. and publish a
declaration against him, 160. vi.
551. purport of it, viii. 161. vi.
55 1 . untruth thereof, riii. 162.
his conduct on the king's forced
declaration, 179. his letter to
the commissioners of trust, ib.
thcir answer, 18 I. he calls an
assembly at Loghreagh, 19 6 .
protestation of the bishops, ib.
the assembly satisfied there-
with, ib. which makes him re-
soh'e to leave the kingdOll1
without a deputy. 197. lettcr
fronl the assemblv to him on
this resolution, ib: his answcr,
198. he depute
the l11IUquis
of Clanrickard, 199. vi. 554.
leaves Ireland, viii. 199. and

I N I) E X.

lands in France, 200. vi. 554.
and waits on Charles I!. at l}aris,
vi. 554. the friendship between
hin1 and the chancellor of the
exchequer, 55 ï, 55 8 , n. one
of the new council appointed
by Charles II. 56 I. his and
the chancellor of the exche-
quer's opinion concerning the
king's affai r8, 1652. 580. all
who were angry ,vith the
chancellor of the exchequer
were angry with him, vii. 58.
sent into France by the king
to fetch the duke of Glouces-
ter, 122, 123. has t.he ('0111-
mand of one of the fonr regi-
111ents raised by the king from
his subjects in Flanders,
24.
sent to treat with lord Mus-
kerry about transferring his re-
giment from the French to the
Spanish service, 225. his suc-
cess, 226. his going into Eng-
land occasioned bv the trans-
actions of the ki;1g'S friends
there, 238. returns, 242. pre-
sent at the attempt upon l\lar-
dike, 277. particulars of his
attending the king to Fllenta-
rabia, 347, 34 8 , 35 6 , 35 8 ,
359, 3 60 . attends him to Bre-
da, 453- bishop 'Varburton's
observation on his paltry be-
haviour towards lord Claren-
don, when ruined aftenvards
by Charles II.'s courtiers
w.
iii. 481.
Orrery, earl of, (see lord BroghilI.)
Osborne, - concerned in an
attempt for the king's escape
from the Isle of 'Vight, vi.
]93- 1 95. accuses Rolph of
a design on the king's life, 197.
Ossory, David, titular bishop of,
viii. 33, 34-
Overal, John, bishop of Norwich,
i.157.
Overburv, sir Thoma..c;, the earl
and c
l1ntess of Somerset privy

to his murder, i. 17. they are
tried and condemned, ib.
Overton, - v. 459. one of the
seven commissioners appoint-
ed by parliament to govern
the anny, vii. 370.
Owen, colonel, sir John, wounded
at the siege of Bristol, iv. 15].
tried before a new high court
of justice, \'i. 252. what for,
ib. condemned, 255. pardoned
bv the house of comlnons, 26 I.
Ow
n, John, bp. of St. Asaph,
one of the bishops who signed
the protestation against their
constrained absence frOlll the
house of lords, ii. 116.
O\Ven
l\iorgan, bp. of Landaff,
one of the bishops who signed
the protestation against their
constrained absence from the
house of lords
ii. I 16.
Owen, - UT. v. 553.
Oxford, universitv of, contributes
plate and mon
y for the use of
Charles I. iii. 24 6 , 3 1 7, 35 0 .
Oxford, owing to the univer-
sity, the only city entirely at
the king's devotion, 29 8 , 3 I j,
7l. troops formed of the scholars
there, i v. 469. affairs there
whilst the earl of Essex' 8 army
was before it,482. affi1irs there
during the king's absence in
the west, 549. resolutions there
upon lord Goring's arrival, v.
169. the university visited by
the parliament, 48 J. reasons
against the co\'enant passed
in convocation there at this
time, ib. learning, religion, and
loyalty flourished there, not-
withstanding the
e \'iolent pro-
ceedings against it, 482.
Oxford, Robert de '7 ere, J 9th earl
of, origin of his enmity with the
duke of Buekingham, i. 57.
Oxford, Aubrey de Vere, 20th and
last earl of, one of the commit-
tee appointerl by parliament

I N D E X.

to wait on Charles II. at the
Hague, vii. 499.
Oxford, bishop of, (see Robert
Skinner. )
P-
})acification, (see Peace.)
Packer, John, Donnington castle
belonged to hiIn
iv. 237-
Page, captain, afterwards lieut.
culonel, iv. 540. v. 176. wound-
ed in the second battle of New-
bury, iv. 585, 5 86 , 589.
Paget, \Villiam lord, ii. 606. con-
curred in the prosecution of
abp. Laud and the earl of
Strafford, i. 32 r. one of tile
governing voices in the house
of lords, 347, n. Inadc lord
lieutenant of Bucks for his
zeal in the parlian1ent's ser-
vice, iii. 65. deserts the parlia-
ment and joins the king at
York, and undertakes to raise
a regiment for him, 251, 1Z.
252, n. one of those who sign-
ed the letter to the privy-coun-
cil and conservators of the
peace in Scotland, iv. 632.
Palatine, l
'rederic, elector, inex-
cusably incurred the ban of the
empire, i. 27.
l)alatine, (see Elector.)
Pale, origin and application of
the term in Ireland, vi. 143.
Palmer, sir Henry, iii. I I I, 1 12,
5 88 , 5 8 9.
Palmer, Jeffery, v. 60, 339. of-
fended the violent party in the
house of conllnons by using
decency towards the earl of
Strafford on his trial, i. 383.
dispute in the house upon his
protesting against the printing
of the remonstrance, ii. 43, 48.
62, n. one of the king's con1-
missioners to treat at Uxbridge,
V.37.
Papists, their boldness and acti-
vity, about 1640. i. 261.

cashiered out of the army at
the instigation of parliament,
3 1 7. the puritans endeavour to
Il1ake them odiolls, 526. an
order of parliament for dis-
arming thenl all throughout
England, ii. 3. petition of ap-
prentices against them, 83.
forbidden by the king to jo:n
his army against the par]ialnent,
iii. 610. (see l)enal Laws.)
Parliatnent, certain days at the
beginning of a sessio
spent in
formalities, i. 34. its old hours
of sitting and other customs,
233, 234. the office of the lord
steward of the king's house to
swear the n1embers of the
comUlons before they sit
233.
all supplies must originate in
the connnons, 237. speaker of
the house of COllunons usually
a lawyer, 297. his election had
always been by designation of
the king, 5 19. not usual for
the attorney-general to be a
Ineluber of parliament, 369-
forty members of the com-
mons reqnired to make a
honse, ii. 9. contrary to order
that a rejected bill should be
preferred again the same ses-
sion, 24, 75, n. its privileges
not Incant to screen its melU-
bel's fron1 being punished for
treason, felony, or breaches of
the peace, 139, T 49. made to
do so by the comnlOns, 1642.
170. observations on its privi-
leges, 195. no act done at any
committee may be divu1ged
before it be reporterl to the
house at large, 159, and 11.
why the bishops do not con-
stitute a distinct estate in par-
liament accorùing to bishop
\Varburton, lr. ii. 119- (see
Lords. )
Parliament, Charlcs's declaration

I N D E X.

concerning, in his 4th year, i.
7. precipitate dissolutions of
parliament
one cause of the
future calamities, ib. temper
and proceedings of the first
parliaments, 8, 9. particularly
against the duke of Bucking-
ham, 45
good consequences
that would have arisen from
parliament's being allowed to
impeach any of the king's
ministers, 13. resolutions of
parliament, ] 628. for war a-
gainst Spain upon hearing
Buckingham's statement of
prince Charles's journey thi-
ther, 38. a parlian1ent after
12 years' discontinuance sum-
moned April 1640. to sup-
port a war against the Scotch
covenanters, 231, 5 12. ser-
geant Glanvile chosen speaker
of the commons, 233. no-
tice of l\lr. Pym's and others'
speeches concerning griev-
ances, 234. the house of peers
advise the commons to begin
witþ a supply, 23 6 , 5 14. this
voted a breach of privilege by
the commons, 237, 514. the
king proposes to the commons
to giye up his claim of ship-
money for twelve subsidies,
23 8 , 514. debated, 239- 2 45,
5 14. the parliament dissolved
owing to misrepresentations of
their proceedings, 245, 24 6 .
5 J 6. public regrets at this step,
246. the king declares to the
great council at York his reso-
lutions to call a parliament,
273- parlian1ent meets Novem-
ber 3, 16 4 0 . i. 295. its ten1per
different from the last, i. 298.
1\1r. Lcnthal made speaker, ib.
Pyn10pens the debate of griev-
ances, 299. the earl of Straf-
ford's impeachment resolved
on, i. 300-305. illegal pro-

ceedings of the communs re-
specting elections
307, 308.
. certain severe acts passed, 308,
3 I 6. abp. Laud accused of high
treason, 309. charge brought
against lord Finch, 3 10. and
secretary 'Vindebank, 3 II. ex-
traordinary proceedings against
the earl of Strafford, 3 15. the
temper of both houses at that
time, anà the character of their
leading IHen, 317. a cOlnn1Ïttee
of both houses appointed to
treat with the Scotch COIlllnÌs-
sioners, 332. proceedings re-
specting the earl of Strafford's
trial, 3 IS, 335, 33 6 ,37 6 , 377,
394. disingenuity used in pro-
curing petitions to parliament,
357. the new canons condemned
by the conllnons, 36r. 1110ney
borrowed of tllC city by the
two houses, for supplying the
two armies, ib. the commons

why backward in voting mo-
ney, 532. appoint cOlnmis-
sioners to dispose of the two
subsidies voted by them, 364.
the saIne lnethod afterwards
continued, ib. a bill for a trien-
nial parliament })assed, 367,
495. a proposition for borro,v-
ing Inoney in the city, 372,
defeated by the factious party,
375. bill of attainder passed
against the earl of Strafford,
397-406. those who voted
against it placarded as Straf..
fordians, or enemies to their
country, 407. a bill passed the
commons to take awa,' the
bishops' votes in parlia.ment,
4 I o. rejected in the lords, 4 I 5.
sir E. Deering's bill brought in
to do away with bishops, d('an
,
and chapters, 416. laid by, 4 18 .
a vote passed both houses
against the court ofYark, 4 18 ,
42 I. the ill use made by the com-

I N D E X.

mOllS of the discovery of some
correspondences between the
court and some principal offi-
cers of the army, 438. protest-
ation made by both houses to
preserve their privileges, 441.
the part inferring the main-
tenance of the church establi
h-
Inent is eXplained away by the
commons, 444. a bill passed to
compel all the subjects to take
it, 445. how the commons re-

ent the king's declaration be-
fore parliament, that he could
not sign the bill condemning
the earl of Strafford of treason,
448. the house of lords pass
the bill, intimidated by the
Inob, 449, 450. the bill
now-
ing parliament to dissolve itself
passed, 456. by what arts obtain-
ed, 457. its effects on the com..
mons, 475. the mention of the
plot between the court and the
army revived in the commons,
464. their bill respecting ton-
nage and poundage, 463. a
gratuity voted to the Scotch
army, 466. sir E. Deering's
bill extirpating episcopacy re-
\Tived and committed in the
commons, 482. laid aside, 484.
the king petitioned to deter his
visit into Scotland, 485. sir A.
I-Iaslerig's bill for settling the
militia, 486. seconded by St.
John, 487. read once and no
more, 488. parliament sits.on a
Sunday, in vain endeavouring to
def
r the king's journey any
longer, 488, 489. prevails on the
king not to allow any of the dis-
banded Irish army to enlist in
the service of foreign pri nces,
492. its motives for so doing,
493. committees of both houses
appointed to sit during the ad-
journment of parliament. 494.
ii, 9. powers intrusted to them,
VOL. VIII.

ii.9, 10. the business before the
committee of the commons,
I I. the various bills passed
this parlian1ent, 495. order of
both houses to disarm all pa-
pists, ii. 3. declaration of the
lords against certain ecclesias-
tical innovations of the COl11-
Inons, 7, 8. an ordinance of
both houses for a day of thanks-
giving on occasion
f the paci-
fication with Scotland, 8. a
sl11a1l conunittee of both houses
attend the king into Scot..
land
14. a guard appointed
for the security of parliament
upon its n1eeting again, 19.
the Irish rebellion referred to
parliament by the king, 22.
582. a committee revived for
drawing up a remonstrance, 23.
591. a motion that the king
might be desired not to ap-
point a privy-counsellor with-
out the approbation of parlia-
Iuent, 24, n. a new bill brought
in to take away bishops' votes,
24. 103, 11. the commons of-
fended at the king's filling up
divers vacant bishoprics, 25. the
comn1Ïttee for the relTlOnstrance
nlake their report, 40. the re-
lllonstrance carried bv nine
voices, 42. dispute conèerning
certain members protesting a-
gainst it.s being printed, 43. it is
ordered to be printed, 49. sub-
stance of it, ib. the ways by which
the factious party grew in the
commons, 57-the remon-
strance and a petition presented
to the king, 63- his answer to
the petition, 65. a bill prepared
in the commons for pressing
men for Ireland, 68. the pre-
amble of the bill excepted
ågainst by HlC lords, 69. the
king's interference in any bill
whilst })ending declared a
cc

I N D E X.

breach uf privilege, 7 I. the
bill concerning pressing pass-
ed, 73. debate concerning the
ßlilitia, ii. 76-80. Saint-John
to bring in a bill to settle it,
79. the commons petition for
the renewal of a guard, 85. tu-
Inuits of the mob about the
house of lords, 86. encouraged
by the commons, 87. watches
appointed by the lords, ib.
dismissed by the commons, 88.
all the bishops, and many other
l11embers of both houses, inti-
midated from attending, 90.
the con1mons accuse of trea-
50n all the bishops who pro-
tested respecting their con-
strained absence from parlia-
nlent, 118. censure of this
measure, I 19. theconsequences
of this violent step would have
been beneficial to the ki ng,
had not lord Digby's ill advice
given fresh advantages to the
commons, I 22. the commons
refuse to give up five of their
men1bers accused of treason
by order of the king, 124-
J 26. the king demands theIn
in person, 126. reason for
their taking refuge in the city,
130. and for concealing them-
selves for a tÌlne, ) 35. the
comnlons adjourn themselves,
and appoint a committee to
sit in the city, 133. the lords
adjourn, but appoint no com-
mittee, 133, 134. the conl-
mittee of the commons \vell
received in the city, 134. its
transactions, 135, 155, 17 0 .
the king's going to the house
of commons voted the highest
breach of pri vilege by the
house, 137, 138. the king's
answer to the former remon-
strance of the conlmons, [40.
declaration of the commons

respecting the five members,
156. the five 111embers required
by the commons to resume
their seats, 162. are brought
in triumph to Westn1Ïnster,
164. the Buckinghamshire pe-
tition to the commons, 166.
and the house of lords, 168.
the commons revive the votes
passed by their committee in
the city, and add l11ore, 170.
accuse lord Digby of high
treason, upon pretence of levy-
ing war, 17 T. the orders of
both houses respecting the
Tower, Hull, and Portsmouth,
173. the commons vote a charge
, against, and impeach the at-
torney-general for impeaching
their five members, 174, 25 8 ,
341. the king's Dlessage to
both houses, 176. unnoticed
by them, 178. fresh committees
of both houses appointed to sit
in the city, ib. motive for re-
1l10ving there, ib. the commons
pass Saint-John's militia bill,
179. both houses nlove the
king, that the magazine at
Hull might be removed to the
Tower, 181. they send both
tÀe Hothams to Hull, ib. mat-
ter prepared for a new remon-
strance by the committee at
Grocers' hall, 185. the king's
proposition and message to
both houses, Jan. 20. 191.
both houses petition him con-
cerning the accused members,
192. his answer, ib. the com-
mons, without the concurrence
of the lords, petition the king
to intrust the Tower of Lon-
don and other forts to persons
recommended by them, 198.
his answer, 200. they resolve
to carry their point, 203. they
desire to borrow nwney of the
city, 204. petitions from several

I N I) E X.

counties concerning the n1Ïli-
tia, 206. the con11110ns adopt
a new way of influencing the
lords, 2 I 2. a petitiol1 to the
commons frolll the porters of
London, 22 I. and from the
poor people, 222. the militia
bill passed the lords, 226.
and the bills touching the bi-
shops'votes and pressing, 228.
both houses adjourn again
into London, ib. and petition
the king touching the Tower
of London, forts, and 111ili-
tia, ib. his answer concerning
the Inilitia, 234. the commons
return him thanks, and request
that sir J. Coniers should be
nlade lieutenant of the Tower,
235. which is granted, 236.
the king's demand of repara-
tion for an expression in l\lr.
Pym's printed speech, 238.
their answer, 239. his reply,
240. they persist in defendi ng
the expression, 242. the ordi-
nance agreed on by both houses
for settling the militia, 253.
the king's answer concerning
the Inilitia, 259. the reply of
the conUllons, ib. the twelve
imprisoned bishops bailed by
the lords, 260. recommitted
by the commons, 26 I. divers
counties exercise the power of
the militia at the instigation
of the cOIn mons, ib. the conl-
mons raise money under pre-
tence of relieving Ireland, ib.
and endeavour to prevent the
pri nce of Wales from removing
fronl Hampton-court to Green-
wich to meet his father, 262.
upon what pretended reason,
263. the king's farther answer
respecting the militia, 26 4.
votes of both houses upon it,
268. and petition to the king,
26 9. his answer, 27 J. reso-

lutions of both houses upon it,
272. they order a fleet to be
prepared, ib. their declaration
to the king, 274. and their
reasons for his continuance
near the parliament, 285. his
answer, 287. instances of the
illegal proceedings of the com-
mons against individuals, 282
-285. the king's nlessage to
both houses in his way
o
York, 290. votes of both houses
concerning the luilitia, 292.
their order concerning lIull,
295. they luake propositions
for adventurers in Ireland, 297.
to which the king consents,
298. and passes a bill to that
purpose, 299. his declaration
from York, 302. petition of
the lords and COlnmons to
binI, l\Iarch 26, J 642. 314. his
answer, 3 I 8. its effect on the
COnllIlOnS, 325. both houses
voted, that whoever accepted
the offices fron1 which the
earls of Essex and Holland
were removed by the king,
should be repnted enemies of
their country, 333, 612. the
commons disposed to have an
admiral of the fleet appointed
without applying to the king,
334. he interferes, ib. the mes-
sage of both houses to hin1
upon the nlatter, 335. his an..
swer, ib. the earl of 'Var-
wick appointed notwithstand-
ing, 337. the bill of tonnage
and poundage suffered by par-
liament to expire, 338. their
æethod of screening the col-
lectors from a præmunire till
a new bill passed, ib. object of
these Ineasures, 339. impeach
G. Binion for drawing up the
London petition against the
militia bin, 347. the peti-
tion from J{ent concerning the
C (' 2

I N D E X.

luiliiia and the Book of COln-
U10n Prayer, how recei ved by
parliament, 348. petition of
both houses to the king to re-
n10ve the magazine from Hull,
35 0 . his answer, 35 I. the n1a-
gazine relnoved notwithstand-
ing, 356. the king's nlessage
to both houses offeri ng to go
in person to Ireland, ib. their
answer, 360. his reply, 365.
his Inessage to both houses
concerning his refusal to pass
the bill for the militia, 375.
their exultation at the failure
of the king's design of securing
Hull
386. his nlessages to
them concerning flull, ibid.
his second message about it,
387. their declaration and
votes upon the matter, 388.
his answer, 389. they appoint
the younger Hothanl governor
of Hull, in case of any accident
happening to his father, 397.
the bearers of their answer to
the king designed as a com-
mittee to remain at York, ib.
their answer to h is messages,
398. his reply, 400. declara-
tion of both houses concerning
the militia, 404. which was
circulated without being sent
to the king, 408. his declara-
tion in answer to it, 409. their
hostile preparations, 419, 4 20 .
their declaration concerning a
reformation of the liturgy, 42 I .
they enforce their ordinance re-
specting the militia by ordering
out the train-bands of London,
427. the mem bers of both houses
present at the muster, ib. their
directions for their ordinance
to be executed throughout the
country, 428. the three votes
of both houses in consequence
of the king appointing a guard
for the defence of his person,

430. their petition to him to
dissolve his guards, 43 I. his
answer, 432. observations on
their declaration and vote that
the king intended to make war
upon then1, 437. what line of
policy they had followed, 439.
they forbid Skippon from re-
pairing to York in obedience
to the king's warrant, 446, and
counter-order the king's ad-
journment of the term to 1'" ork
from \Vestluinster, ib. decla-
ration of both houses, l\Iay 19,
1642. of what had been done
amiss throughout the whole of
the king's reign, 448. order of
tlæhoo
of

sfurilie
-
prehension of the lord keeper
Littleton
who had joined
the l<ing at York with the
great seal, 490, n. a fresh re-
Inonstrance of both houses,
l\lay 26. 504. many members
of both houses either absent
themselves, or join the king
in consequence of it, 538. the
king's answer to their de-
claration of l\Iay 19. ib. and to
their remonstrance of l\Iay 26.
iii. I. the nineteen propositions
gent to the king by both
houses, 38. his answer to them,
48. their order against pawn-
ing the crown jewels, 45, 4 8 .
their proceedings against such
mem bers as had absented
themselves, 59, 89. their pro-
positions and orders for bring-
ing in money and plate for
maintaining horse, &c. 60. im-
mense stuns brought in, 64.
explanation why those mem-
bers of both houses who were
favourable to the king absent-
ed themselves from parliament,
instead of remaining to oppose
the Ineasures of the opposite
party, 81. the king's commis- .

I N D E X.

sions of array declared illegal
by parliaInen t, 9 0 , 573. thei r
petition to the king in favour
of the Yorkshire petition which
he had refused, 575. his an-
swer, 578. their declaration to
the city upon the king's letter
to the lord mayor and alder-
nlen, 93. his reply, 94. the
king having revoked the earl
of Northumberland's commis-
sion as lord high adll1iral, the
earl of 'Varwick is appointed
by parliament in his stead,
I 13
588. the votes of both
houses for raising an arll1Y,
122. the earl of Essex ap-
pointed the general, ib. their
petition to the king at Bever-
ley, 124. his answer, 127. his
refusal to return a more gentle
reply, J 41. their replication to
his answer, T 50. proofs that if
the king were nlore loved, the
parliament was more feared,
145. each party lay asid
all
thoughts of farther o\--ertures,
15 1. their unj ust proceedings
against sir Richard Gurney,
lord mayor of London, 152.
and against judge 1\lallet, 153.
their preparations for war,
] 5 1 - 1 55. their declaration to
the people as to their objects
in raising an army, 155. Ports-
1110uth besieged by their forces,
195. surrendered to them by
colonel Goring, 224. the king's
message to them for peace,
207. how received, 208. their
answer, 2] I. his second mes-

age, 212, their answer, 214.
and their declaration to the
kingdom, 215. advantageous
to the king, 2 I 6, 245. his
third message in answer to
thcir last reply, 218. rcasons
of their being backward in
taking the field against the

king, 223. their conduct to-
wards such as did not coincide
with them, 227. they send out
of the country the Capuchin
friars belonging to the queen, -
237. their instructions to their
general, 238. their petition
to the king sent to their gene-
ral to be presented, 24 0 , 627.
why never delivered, 262. their
\'ot
that all who did not con-
tribute to the charge of the
common\Vealth
should be dis-
arnled and secured, 243. both
houses how affeeted by the ac-
counts of the battle of Edge-
hill, 299. apprentices invited
by them to take arn1S, 304.
their declaration to the sub-
jects of Scotland, 305. their
garrison quits Reading, 3 18.
their petition to the king, 323.
his answer, 324. their peace-
able intentions set aside by
the king's advance to Brent-
ford, 328, 333. his message to
them, 331. their ordinance for
raising money upon the public
faith, 334. their declaration of
their general's acceptable ser-
vice, 335. another petition
from thenl to the king, 336.
substance of his answer, ib.
l\larlborough garrisoned by
them, 340. taken from then}
by the king's forces, 341,342.
they declare aU whom the king
appointed sheriffs, to be delin-
quents, 352. substance of their
declaration to the States Ge-
neral of the United Provinces,
354. the inclinations of foreign
states towards thcm or the
king, 358. their new ordinance
fur raising money, 369. the
king's declaration thereupon,
374. their humble desires and
propositions to the king, 403.
his answer, 41 I. Chichester
C c 3

IN]) E X.

taken by their forces, 416. Ci-
rencester lost, 417. their
strength in Cornwall and De-
vonshire, 4 18. their forces
beaten at Bradock-down, 428.
they lose Saltash, 430. their
condition in the northern parts,
435. they disown the articles
of neutrality agreed on in
Yorkshire, 438. they nlake
lord Fairfax their general
there, 442. sir Hugh Chol-
mondley revolts from them,
and delivers up Scarborough
castle to the queen, 446.
their condition in Lancashire,
Cheshire, and Shropshire,
447. and in the counties
between Oxford and York,
452. and in 'Vale!':, 46 I.
their horse beaten on Hopton-
heath, 458. state of Ireland
with reference to the differ-
ences between the kin
and
parliament, 469-483. '"'nego-
ciations between parliament
and him concerning a treaty,
484-487. the ßlajority of
Inembers, though outwitted,
in favour of peace, 485. their
terms for a cessation of arms,
487. different opinions of the
privy-council of the king as to
his accepting them, 490. par-
liament pass an ordinance for
a weekly a
sessment on the
whole kingdom, 493. the king's
proposals of alterations in the
articles of cessation, 495. the
treaty begins upon the pro-
posals of cessation, but takes
no effect, 528. the parlialnenfs
advice and desires to the king
respecting the next assizes,
535. his answer, 536. their or-
dinance forbidding them, ib.
an account and character of
tIle privy-counsellors at this
, time attending the king, and

uf those who stayed with par-
liament
538. the sum of the
demands and concessions of
both sides upon the first article
of the treaty, iv. I. the king's
message to parliament, 14. who
return no answer, 17. Hereford
taken for them bvsir ,V. 'V aller,
29. who is repul;ed at ,V orces-
ter, ib. Reading taken by the earl
of Essex, 38. the parliament
dissatisfied about the capture,
5 o. some wild plans of the
conlmons not concurred in by
the lords, 52. the king's message
to parliament, 53. his messen-
ger conunitted by the conl-
Inons, 55. and his qneen im-
peached by them of high trea-
son for assisting hin1 in the
war, 56. the design of 1\lr.
'VaUer and others in favour
of the king, 57-7 I, 7 6 , 599.
the vow and covenant taken by
parliament in consequence, 7 I,
7 2 , 600. and throughout the.
city and army, 74. 1\lr. Hamb-
den's death, 90. the earl of
Stamford beaten near Stratton,
100. the parliament send sir
'V. \VaIler into the west with
an army, 1 13. his condition
after the battle of Lansdown,
12 4. he is routed at Round-
way-down, 134. Bristolsurren-
dered to prince Rupert, 145.
the two houses send comn1is-
sioners into Scotland for re-
lief, 152. why the king could
make no farther application to
parliament, 155. propositions
for peace given by the lords to
the COIllnlons, 183. reasons for
and against them, I 84, 185. as-
sented to by the commons, 186.
if sent to the king would have
produced peace, ib. preached
against in London, ib. cOlnmon
council petition against peace,

I N D E X.

187. the propositions are in
consequence rejected by the
commons, 188. parliament
pass an ordinance for raising
an army under the earl of
Í\Ianchester, 190. certain lords
go over from the parliament
to the king, 192, 193. the
earls of Holland, Bedford, and
Clare return again to the par-
liament, 270, '1.71. certain
counties associated to sel"\'e the
parliaInent, 196. the par1ia-
lnent's losses in the west, 2 J 1
-220. they commit the cus-
tody of the Tower to the lord
mayor Pennington, 227. the
earl of Essex relieves Glouces-
ter, 229. takes Cirencester,
23 I. battle of Newbury, 235.
transactions of the committee
of both houses in Scotland,
272. a co\renant proposed by
the Scots between the two
kingdoms, and agreed to, 274.
taken and subscribed by the
tn 0 houses and their assenlbly
of divines, 279. copy of it, 280.
the parliament prevails with
the city to advance one hun-
dred thousand pounds to the
Scots for their cooperation,
289. substance of the treaty
between the English commis:
sioners and the Scots, 298.
the parliament forces garrison
Newport Pannel, 315. affair

in the west
ib. the parlia-
Inent's proceedings with re-
gard to the conte d'Harcourt,
\,,'hu had come as am bassador
from }'rance, 328. the par1ia-
.
O1('nt vote a new broad seal,
339. which is delivered to six
commissioners, 341. parlia-
Hlent disowns the cessation of
arms agreed to by the king
with the rebels of Ireland, 364.
its letter to the lords justices

and counciJ on the subject,
366. their answer, 369. the
king's lnessage to both houses"
4 12 . their answer, 413. bishop
'Varburton's observations upon
both
UTe iv. 414, 415. they
ilnpose an excise, iv. 418. 1\1r.
Ppu's death, 436. sir "V. Wal-
ler has the advantage over lord
Hopton at Alresford
460. as-
sociation of several counties
under the earl of l\Ianchester,
464. who is ordered to rnarch
into the north to join the
Scots, 465. plan of the opera-
tion of their armies ßgainst the
king, 475. success of the earl
of Essex in the west, 497. the
fight at Cropredy bridge, 500.
the battle of l\larston-moor,
509. York delivered to the
parliament forces
513. Bal-
four with the earl of Essex's
horse escapes through the
king's army in Cornwall, 545.
the earl escapes by sea, 547.
Skippon nlakes condition for
his foot, ib. the king sends a
Inessage of peace to the par-
liament, which ,vas not no-
ticed, 56 I. the second battle
of Ne\vbury, 582. the divisions
in the parliament, V. 12, 88.
the independent party against
peace, 18. the trial of arcbbi-
shop Laud, 3 I. conden1ned by
an ordinance of parliament,
32. parliament agrees to a
treaty at Uxbridge, 36. names
uf their commissioners, ib. and
of the king's, 37. particulars
respecting it, 40. first, of reli-
gion, 45. secondly, of the mi-
litia, 60,77. thirdly, of Ireland,
61. the ena of the treaty with-
out effect, 80. the self-denying
ordinance passes the commons,
00. where it was proposed by
Vane and Cromwell, 21. aud
(' c 4

I N D .E X.

the lords, 13 I. Fairfilx in con-
sequence Inade the parliament
general instead of the earl of
Essex, 133. through Cron1-
well's means, 27. state of the
western coun ties, 135, I 87,
303. the battle of Naseby, 183.
prince Rupert delivers up
Bristol, 244- the king's horse
routed at Chester bv Pointz,
283. lord Digby r
uted at
Sherborne, 293. lord Hopton
routed at Torrington by sir
T. Fairfax, 314. the king
sends another n1essage for
peace which was laid aside by
the houses, 338. their answer
to his demand of a safe con-
duct for the duke of Richmond
and others, 339. their answer
to his desire of a personal
treaty at '" estn1inster, 340.
their ordinance upon the re-
newal of his request, 342. Bel-
lievre's fruitless negociation
with the king and parliament,
409. the parliament, upon the
Scots' request, send proposi-
tions of peace to the king, now
with the Scots army, 417. his
answer, 418. they demand, and
the Scots deli\Ter hin1 up, 419,
42 I. a committee and servants
appointed by thenl to attend
hÏIn, 42 I. they refuse to let
any of his own chaplains at-
tend hin1, 423. divers garrisons
surrender to theIn
ib. differ-
ences arise between the par-
liament and army, 428. their
declaration in consequence of
certain resolutions of the army
in opposition to their author-
ity, 433. afterwards rased out
of their journal book, 434.
they appoint a committee to
treat with a comn1ittee of the
army, ib. their intention of
seizing Cromwell frustrated by

his returning to the army, 435,
436. the general's account to
parliament of the king's being
seized at Holmby, 439. their
alarm at the approach of the
army towards London, 440.
the different designs of the
parliament and army relating
to the king, 450. eleven mem-
bers of the commons impeach-
ed by the army, 455. intimi-
dated by the London appren-
tices, parliament alters the or-
dinance of n1ilitia, 460. the
general's sharp letter to t ben1
in consequence, 46 I. the two
speakers, with other meJl1bers
of the two houses, join the ar-
my, 461, 463. both houses
choose new speakers, and their
votes, 462. the general con-
ducts the two speakers and
other mell1bers to their several
houses, 469. the parliament's
behaviour on the news of the
king's withdrawing, 502. they
send to the king to pass four
acts, 506. the Scotch commis-
sioners protest against them,
507. the king's answer, ib.
how received by parliament,
5 12. who vote that no n10re ad-
dresses shouìd be sent to him,
513. their declaration to the
saIne effect, 515. passed not
without opposition,5 16. proved
odious to the people in gene-
ral, 5 18. the present condition
of parliament, 553. they send
commissioners into Scotland,
vi. 15. the revolt of part of
the fleet to the king
23. the
parliament prepares a fleet
against it, 68. Lanlbert defeat

sir 1\1. Langdale and duke Ha-
milton, 75. Berwick and Car-
lisle, which had been seized
for the king, delivered up to'
parliament, 90. Colchester,

1 N D E X.

where the Kentbb rovalists
had retired, delivered
lp to
sir T. Fairfax, 99. the city pe-
titions for a personal treaty,
104. a con1111ittee of parlia-
ment treats with them about
it, ib. the parliament declares
for a personal treaty, 105. sub-
stance of their message to the
king, 106. his answer, 107. the
vote of no more addresses re-
pealed, the treaty to be at
Newport, 109- whither the par-
lian1ent comn1issioners arrive,
152. the first proposition, for re-
voking all the king' s d
clara-
tions,&c. 159. the king'sanswer
to it, 160. dispute concerning
the pre
unble of it, 162. he con-
sents to it, 165. the second
proposnion,concerning religion
and the church, ib. he offers a
proposition of his own, which
the con1missioners refuse to
send to parliament, 166. he
:sends it by nlessengers of his
own, but it is voted unsatisfac-
tory, 167. their ministers dis-
pnte with him about the bi-
shops, ib. his concessions on
this point, 170. the third pro-
position, concerning the 111i-
litia, 17 I. his answer, 173.
this voted by the parliament
unsatisfactory, ib. he consents
to it with a preamble, 174.
and at last without it, ib.
the fourth proposition, con-
cerning Ireland, 175. some
other particulars he sticks at,
17 6 . but consents at last, 177.
the commissioners now send
his own propositions to the
parliament, ib. they require a
declaration of him against the
marquis of Ormond, 178. his
answer, ib. they
nlarge the
treaty fourteen days, ih. the
commissioners renew their de-

mand about Ormond, J 79.
his answer, ib. they urge fur-
ther about the church, ib. his
answer, 180. the parliament's
votes upon his former propo-
sition, 181. another prolonga-
tion of the treaty four days,
182. the declaration of the
army, ib, the commissioners'
new propositions against de-
linquents since January 16-+8,
and others, especially the mar-
quis of Ormond, 183. bis an-
swer, ib. another prolongation
for a day, wherein they present
two propositions more, 184.
one concerning Scotland, ib.
his answer, 185. the other
touching the church, 186. his
final answer, ib. the sum of his
letter to his son concerning
this whole treaty, 187. the
conclusion of it in his own
words, 1 89. a sharp debate on
the commissioners' report of
this treaty, 199. sir H. Vane's
speech concerning it, ib. re-
monstrance of the anny pre-
sented to parliament by six of-
ficers, 20 I. vote of the C0111-
luons upon the king's being
removed fronl Carisbrook cas-
tle to Hurst castle, 203. an-
other declaration of the army to
them, 204. they vote that -the
king's answer \-vas a ground
for peace, 205. many of the
members seized by the soldiers
when entering the house, 206.
the remaining luembers vote
the contrary to former votes,
ib. vote that those who were
absent at the negative vot

should sit no n10re in the
house, 207. vote of no Inore
address
s renewed, ib. the pro-
testation of the secluded mem-
bers voted against by both
houses, 208. votes of the com-

I N D E X.

UIOllS about bettling a form of
government, 209. a committee
appointed to prepare a charge
of high treason against the king,
2 10. the charge approved by the
commotls, 214. rejected by the
lords, who adjourned fora "reek,
2 I 5. who find their house locked
up on their next day of meet-
ing, ib. tbe anlbassador sent
frolll the States of Holland at
the request of the prince of
'Vales to ",inter(;ede for the
king, not admitted to an audi-
ence of parliament till after
the tragedy was acted, 2 14.
the queen sent a paper to the
same effect to parliament, but
it was laid aside, 213. the
commons constitute a high
court of justice for the trial of
the king, 216. their proclama-
tion against proclaiming the
prince of Wales king, 245.
they abolish the house of peers,
246. their vote against the
office of kingship, ib. they
make a new great seal, 247.
six of their own judges resign,
ib. a new oath imposed by
them, called the engagement,
25 I. they appoint a new high
court of justice for the trial of
duke Hamilton, the earls of
Holland and Norwich, lord
Capel, and sir J. Owen, 252.
their answer to the protest
of the Scotch commissioners
against the king's trial, 280.
WhOlll they imprisoned, but
afterwards freed, 28 I. they
appoint Cromwell lord lieu-
tenant of Ireland, 346. they
refuse to ratify l\Ionk's treaty
with O'Neile, 426. 1110re in-
clined to nlake a peace with
Spain than }"'rance, 441. whi-
ther thev send Ascham as their
agent, ib. resolved to send

Cronlwell with an army into
Scotland, where CharJ
s II.
now was, 452. and send am-
bassadors into Holland to in-
vite the States to a strict
union, 594. without effect,
.596. they thereupon pass the'
act of navjgation
ibid. the
Dutch in consequence order
their ships not to strike to the
English, 598. a war begun on
this acconnt, ib. the parlia-
nlcnt's answer to a message
from the States, 600. who
send again to them for peace,
606. Guernsey and Jersey re-
duced, 608. and the foreign
plantations subdued, 609. the
parliament debate about their
dissolution, vii. 4. but decide
against it, 5. Cromwell and
his council of officers dis-
solve it, 6. a new one chosen
by them, 12. conditions and
<}ualifications of the persons
nominated, ib. nicknamed
Praise-God Barebone's parlia-
nlcnt, 13. called together by
Cromwell's warrant, ib. who
also delivers to then1 an in-
strument for their authority, 14.
they choose House their speak-
er, and aSSUlne tbe name of
a parliament, 15. their ac-
tions and consultations, 16.
they deliver up their power to
Cromwell, 17. the protector
calls a parliament after a new
method, 35. his speech to
them, 36. Lentha] chosen
speaker, 37. their actings, 3 8 .
the protector speaks to them,
39. admits nOlle into the house
but such as subscribed an en-
gagement to him, 40. dissolves
them, 4 T. snmmons a parlia-
nlent, J 656. 19 I. imposes a
subscription upon the mem-
bers before they sat, ib. pro-

I N D E X.

L"Cedings of thi8 parliament,
192. a proposition in parlia-
ment to make CrOluwell king,
194. a committee confer with
him upon it, 197. he is con-
firmed protector by their hum-
ble petition and advice, 205.
the contents of it, 206. parlia-
ment adjourned, 210. reas-
sembled in two houses, lords
and commons, 2 I 7. the com-
Juons readmit certain mem-
bers that had been excluded
by a clause in the petition and
advice, 2 18. their transactions
afterward, 219. dissolved, as
being disposed to question the
protector's authority, 220. a
parliament caUed by Crom-
well's successor, his son Ri-
chard, 305. the business re-
comnlended to them by him,
ib. differences in the commons
about the accounts of money,
and about the other house,
306. carried that the other
house should be allowed, 307.
votes of the parliament upon
the address of the council of
officers to the protector, 309.
the protector dissolves the
parliament at the instigation
of the officers, 3 I I. whereupon
his power is 110 longer re-
garded, ib. the long parlia-
ßlent restored by the council
of officers, 3 I 2. some of the
old excluded members went
into the house with them, but
were excluded again, 3 13.
the protector submits to their
authority, 315. and Henry
Cromwell, who resigns his
conlmission of lieutenant of
Ireland, 3 16. they make Lud.
low, and four ot11er commis-
sioners, governors of Ireland,
ib. l\[onk frOtH Scotland de-
clares his obedience to them,

318. so does the navy, ib.
they continued I.Jockhart am-
bassador in l?rance, ib. they
send ambassadors to mediate å
peace between the two north-
ern crowns
ib. they pass an
act of indenmity to the army,
3 19- they appoint all commis-
sioners military, to be signed
by their speaker,ib. they ba-
nish all cavaliers twenty miles
from London, 320. send Lam-
bert against sir G. Booth
and sir T. l\liddleton," 334-
grow jealous of LamberCs
arnlY, 366. the petition and
proposals of that army
367.
with which Haslerig acquaints
the house, 368. they vote to
have no Inore general offict:rs,
ib. they Inake void all money
acts., that there may be no-
thing to nlaintain the army,
369. and cashier Lam bert a
d
eight other chief officers of the
army., ib. they make seven
commissioners to govern the
army, 370. and send for
forces to defend them, ib.
Lambert, with some troops,
stops the speaker, and makes
him go home, 371. a comnlit-
tee of
afety constituted by the
army, 374. l\Ionk declares for
the parliament, 377. Lawson
and the fleet also, 389. and
Desborough's regiment, 391.
the parliament meets again,
392. they order Lambert's
troops to their several quar-
ters, ib. commit him to the
Tower, ib. and confine to their
houses such of their members
as had concurred with the
cOllunittee of safety, 393. they
desire that part of IVlonk's
f()rces
now marching towards
London, may be sent back to
Scotland, 397. and send Scot

.

I N D E X.

anò Robinson to meet him, Parliament at Oxford
mm-
399. in compliance with nloned by Charles I. iV.353.
l\lonk's demand, they send the both houses meet, 397. snb-
other regiments out of town stance of the king's speech to
to receive his, 400. he is con- them, 398. they send a letter
ducted to parliament, and com- to the earl of Essex, 400. his
plimented by the speaker, 402. answer directed to the earl of
his reply, ib. the conlmon
"'orth
403. means agreed on
council of the city refractory by both houses to raise monev,
to the parliament, 404. 1\10nk 4-16. they follow the exampie
sent by thenl to reduce it to of the parliament at ,,, estmin-
obedience, 403. the parlia- ster in imposing an exci
e,
ment resolve to join others in 418. the parliament prorogued,
commission \vith l\fonk; 406. 468.
his expostulatory letter to them, Parliament of Scotland sum-
409. he delivers his nlind to uloned by the covenanters,
them, 4 12. the secJuded nlenl- iv. 293- the parliament met,
bers go to the house, 418. and their deliberations
vi. 10.
their transactions, 418, 432. their letter to the prince of
they dissolve themselves, and 'Vales, 83. their cOlluuiUee
appoint a new council of state, order 1\1onroe to disband, 93.
419. attempts of the rump the parliament being summon-
parliament to prevent a new ed, condenln duke Hmnilton's
parliament, 427. the parlia- engagement, 94. the behaviour
luent's and council of state's of the nlarquis of l\lountrose
prudent actions, 432. the par- before them, 41 7. a parliament
limnent llleet, 477- and choose sumlnoned in Charles II.'s
sir Harbottle Grilnstone speak- name, 487. it llleets at Stir-
er, ib. the king's letter to the ling, and reconciles the lords, ib.
commons, 437. and to the Parry, sir George, one of the
lords, 465. which, with his de- commissioners for the asso-
claration, they receive with ciated county of Devon, v_
great joy, 479. a cOlllnlittee 15 2 .
appointed to prepare an an- Parsons, sir 'Villiam, a lord jus-
swer
ib. the answer, 481. a tice in Ireland, viii. 167. no-
cOlllmittee of both houses wait tice of him, ii. 585- iii. 4 82 .
on the king at the H
gue, to removed from that trnst, iii.
invite him to return to the 482.
throne, 499, bishop Warbur- l)arty, the violent, carryall be-
ton's view of the objects of fo
e them, iv. 193. -
the king and parliament, W. l)aterculus, Velleius, vii. 11)8, r,.
iv. 327. his expl<<1nation of the Paulet, (see Pawlet.)
factions atl10ng the parlimnent. Paw, - sent by the States ot
connnanders before the pass- Holland anlbassador to the
ing of the self-denying ordi- En
lish parliament to il1ter-
nance, and their union after- cede tor Charles I. vi. 21 2,
wards, iv. 524- (see House of 214.
Lords and House of COlll- Pawlet, ]ord Edward, iv. 5 68 .
111ons.) Pawlet, sir John, iv. 448.

I N D E X.

Pawlet, John lord, iv. 574. one
of the king's commissioners
to t.reat with the Scots at
Rippon, i. 274. one of those
who signed the declaration
that the king had no inten-
tions of war, iii. 72, SiT. ac-
companied the marquis of
Hertford into the west, 120,
181, 608, 200. and thence
into Glamorganshire, 226. one
of the lords who slgned the
letter to the privy-council and
conservators of the peace in
Scotland, iv. 633.
Peace between England and
France and Spain, i. I 17. a
treaty of pacification concluded
between England and Scot-
land, 21 7. the ill conse-
quences of it, 220. the parlia-
ment's propositions for peace,
1643. iii. 403. peace concluded
with the confederate cathol ics
in Ireland, 1648. viii. 77. peace
nlade by Cromwell with the
Dutch, 1654. vii. 25. peace
between France and Spain,
some particulars respecting,
1650. 341. (see Treaty.)
})eard, -- i. 235, 23 6 , 5 1 3.
Peers in council at York set
down in writing the affronts
and violence offered to thenl
at London, iii. 67. their de-
claration that the king had no
intentions of war, 7 J, 57 I.
(see Lords.)
Peircy, (see Percy.)
})embroke, 'Villiam Herbert, third
earl of, the most beloved and
esteemed of any man of the
age, i. 1 00. luar
ied one of the
hei resses of the earl of Shrews-
bury, 10 J. his good qualities,
101-104. his "ices, 102. un-
fortunate in his marriage, iú.
made lord chamberlain, and
aftenvards lord ste\\'ard of
the king's house, 103. his

death, ib. anecdote respecting
its being foretold, ib. succeeded
in his title by his brother, the
earl of l\Iontgomery, 104. his
interest great enough to com-
mand many boroughs, 520.
Pembroke, Philip Herbert, fourth
earl of, previously earl of
l\:Iontgomery, i. 28 I, 479. ii.
28 9, 33 2 . iii. 15 6 , 4 6 3, 559,
n. IV. ii. 444. v. 73. made lord
chamberlain, i. 103. succeeded
his brother as earl of Pem-
broke, 104. one of king
James's favourites, ib. super-
seded by Carr, earl of Somer-

et, 105. his character, 105.
iii. 553. W. i. 105. averse
from the war with Scotland,
i. 2 16. one of the commis-
sioners to treat with the Scots
at Rippon, 274. one of the
king's council at York, 279.
his quarrel with lord Mow-
bray in the house of lords,
460. iii. 556, n. both sent to
the Tower, ib. deprived by the
king of his staff of lord cham-
berlain, ibid. supported the
oppre
sions in the stannery
courts, i. 503. one of those sent
by parliament with a petition
to the king, iii. 32 I, 323. and
with propositions of peace,
402. fear induced him to side
with the parliament, 5,
5. gm'e
up himself into the hands of
lord Say, ib. made governor of
the Isle of "ïght, 557, 607.
why the chancellor of the ex-
ehequer always entertained a
great kindness for him, 557,
n. one of the few peers who
attended parliament, iv. 403,
629. one of the parliament
commissioners to treat at Ux-
bridge, v. 36, 4 0 , 59. tries to
'persuade the chaneellor of the
exchequer to consent to all the
parliament deman
led, 72. to-

I N D E X.

tally without credit or interest
in the parJiament or country,
73. his conduct as chancellor
of the university of Oxford,
,vhen the unive
sity was vi-
sited, 48 I.
Pembroke, Philip Herbert, fifth
earl of, and second earl of
1\lontgomery, vii. 15 r, 152,
153, 155.
Pen, - a fleet sent out under
him, with a land army under
Venables, vii. 172. their or-
ders, 176. they go to Barba-
does, 175. thence to Hispa-
niola, 176. unsuccessful there,
177. successful in a descent

pon Jall1aica, 178. they re-
turn to England, lb. are com-
mitted by Cromwell to the
Tower, 179.
Penallaws
a repeal of, expected
by foreign catholics to be a
consequence of Charles 1. 's
proposed nlarriage with the
infanta of Spain, i. 27. rigidly
executed by lord treasurer 'V es-
ton, 90.
Pendenniscastle, bravely defended
against the parliament forces,
v. 424- surrendered on honour-
able terms, ib.
Penkaruan, Edward, signed the
anabaptists' address to Charles
II. vii. 266.
Pennington, sir J ohu, ii. 277,
334, 335, 33 6 . iii. 9 8 , n. 10 3,
115, T 68. the king intends to
appoint hÌ1n admiral in the
room of the earl of Northum-
berland, iii. 107. his objections
to being appointed, 108. alters
his mind, and offers to accept
the appointment, 118. how far
concerned in the king's losing
the navy, III, 112, 113,116,
5 8 7, 5 88 , 5 8 9.
Pennington, Isaac, alderman, i.
356. iii. 616, 618, 37 I, 3 80 ,
382,391. iv. 187. in the high-

est confidence with the factious
party, i. 375. one of the COlU-
Inittee of the house of conl-
1110ns appointed to sit during
the recess, ii. 10. made lord
mavor in the roon1 of sir R.
Go
rney, deposed by the lords,
153. chosen lord mayor a se-
cond time, 333. the custody
of the Tower conunitted to
him by parliall1ent, iv. 227.
Pennyman, sir \-Villiam, Hi. 25 I,
n. 437. notice of him, iv. 550.
was governor of Oxford at the
time of his death, ib.
Penruddock, - concerned in
the rising at Salisbury for
Charles II. vii. 139, 140. be-
headed in consequence at Exe-
ter, 144.
Percy, (Peircy,) Henry, after-
,vards lord
vi. 63, 136. vii.
89, 9 2 , rv. i. 4 28 , 439, 44 0 ,
466. how far concerned in the
correspondence between the
court and army, i. 4 6 9, 47 I,
473, 474, 535. ii. 45 8 , 479,
4 8 7. escaped beyond sea, 474,
589. notice of his creation as
a peer, upon the queen's in-
tercession, iv. 530, n. 53 I. v.
100, n. one of the lords who
signed the letter to the privy-
council and conservators of
the peace in Scotland, iv. 633-
removed from the office of ge-
neral of the ordnance, iv. 530,
n. 53 I.
Peterborough, l-Ienry l\Iordaunt,
second earl of, prepares to rise
with the duke of Bucks in fa-
vour of Charles II. vi. 6.
Peterborough, bishop of, (see J.
Towers. )
I>eters
Hugh, v. 119, n.' J 20,
12 I.
Petition of right, its origin, i.
10. not prejudicial" to the
crown, ib. the Scots petition
the king, upon it a treaty ap-

I N D E X.

pointed at nippon, 274. a pe-
tition of some citizens against
the government of the church
by bishops, 356. great dis-
ingenuity used in procuring
petitions, 357. the petition in-
tended to be subscribed by
the officers of the army, 430.
a. petition presented to the
king together with the re-
monstrance, ii. 63- the king's
answer to the petition, 65. a
petition published in the name
of the apprentices against pa-
pists and prelates, 83. the
commons petition the king for
a guard, 85. his answer, ib.
petition and protestation of
certain bishops on their con-
strained absence from the
house of lords, I 14. the city
petitions the king, 146. his
answer, 148. the Buckinghaln-
shire petition to the commons,
166. to the lords, 168. and
to the king, 1690 both houses
petition the king about the
accused members
192. the
commons petition him to re-
move sir J. Byron fron1 the
lieutenancy of the Tower, and
to put all the other forts and
the militia into the hands of
confiding men, 198. petitions
from several counties concern-
ing the militia, 2.06. 207. pe-
tition of the poor in and about
the city to the cOßll110nS, 222.
both houses petition the king
touching the Tower, forts, and
militia, &c. 228. his answer,
234, a petition of both houses
to him at Theobalds, 269. his
answer, 27 I. to him at York,
314. his answer, 318. to remove
the magazine from IIull, 350.
his answer, 35 I. to dis
oh.e
his guards, 43 I. his answer,
432. to him at Beverley, iii.

124. his answer, 127. their.
petition to him, sent to their
general to be presented, but
never delivered, 240. to him
at Colebrook, 323. his answer,
324. to him at Reading, 336.
his answer, ib. from the city
to him
386. his answer, 390.
from the general assembly of
the kirk of Scotland to him, 499-
his answer,509. from the conl-
mon council of London against
peace, iv. 187. a tumultuous
petition of apprentices and
others to parliament concern-
ing the lnilitia, v. 4ÚO. the
city petitions for a personal
treaty with the king, vi. 104.
a petition intended of the
Scottish presbyterians by Bal-
carris and Frazier, that the
chancellor of the exchequer
tuight be removed, vii. 59.
and of the Roman catholics
also against him, 69. Cron1-
well confirmed protector by
the humble petition and ad-
vice, 205. the contents of it,
206. the petition and propo-
sals of Lambert's army, 367.
parliament receive a petition
bv Barebone fronl the fanatics,
4
6.
Pezenas, j n Languedoc, the pro-
perty of the prince of Conti,
vii. 3 1 7.
Pheasant, sergeant, iii. 407.
Philip II. king of Spain, vi. 372,
'fl.
Philip IV. (see king of Spain,)
Philip:" colonel Robert, assisted
Charles II. in his escape after
his defeat at 'V orcester, vi.
539-54 [.
Phillips, father, the queen's con-
fessor, Ïi. 589. notice of his
death and character, \,i. 48 I.
!)ierce, \Villiam, (see bishop of
Bath and 'V ells.)

I N D E X.

Pierrepoint, - one of the par-
liament commissioners to treat
with Charles I. at Oxford, Hi.
485, 528. and at Uxbridge, v.
36. notice of him, 76. was
in favour of the self-denying
ordinance, 90.
Piggott, major
viii. 3 T.
I)ignoranda, conde of, vi. 383.
he and Fuensaldagna governed
alJ the councils at Brussels,
vi. 327. notice of him, 327,
386. governed by Le Brune,
328. waited on Charles II.
whilst at Brussels, 331. one of
the Spanish council of state,
3 8 7.
})imentel, don Antonio, vii. 34 I.
Pinkney,-quarter master ge-
neral, v. 275.
Pius V. pope, published a buH
against the toros in Spain, vi.
372, n.
Plague in London, 1641. Ïi. 5.
1"}lantations, the foreign, sub-
dued to the parliament, vi.
60 9.
Plate, brought in for the use of
parlimnent, iii. 64.
Playford,J ohn, printer, vii. 4 12, n.
I>Jessy Praslin, marshal of, ,"i.
35 8 .
1)lot, John, iii. 4 17.
Plunket, - notice of
vi. 614.
Phmket, sir Nicholas, viii. '2 I I"
Plutarch, iii. 232.
Plymouth, prince l\laurice's un-
successful attempt against, iv.
3 16-3 2 3. sir R. Greenvilleft
to block it up, 562.
Pointz, - routs the king's
horse at Chester, v. 282, 283.
his n10vements, 295, 29 6 , 301.
Poland
John Casimir, king of"
vi.375,n.
Poland, Anne Catherine Con-
stance, daughter of Sigismond,
king of, married the duke of
Newburgh, vii. 118.

l>ollard, -- iii. 160, 161, 593.
vii. 323. W. i. 428. how far
concerned in the correspon-
dence between the court and
army, i. 470
47 1 . ii. 4, 458.
imprisoned in consequence,
535.
})ollard, sir II ugh, v. 194. YII.
157, 3 8 3. accompanied the
marquis of Hertford into the
west, iii. 120. had a friendship
with generall\Ionk, vii. 383.
Pontefract castle, an account of
the taking of, for the king, vi.
110. part of the garrison's at-
tempt upon Rainsborough, 1 19.
the castle delivered up to Lanl-
bert, 125.
Pope, Alexander VII. vii. 297,
355. notice of the duke of
Newburgh's discourse with
Charles II. concerning nlaking
some application to the pope
for assistance, vii. t 24. the
effect of the application, 129.
l'opham, Alexander, active in
Somersetshire for the parlia-
ment, iii. 197, 201. i\". I 15,
60S.
l
ophan1, colonel Edward, a prin-
cipal officer in the parliament's
fleet, v. 68. of a passionate
and virulent ten1per
ih. one of
the independent party, ib.
Porridge, captain, v. 262.
})OIter, - v. 332, 1l.
Porter, Endymion, ii. J 8j. se-
lected to attend pri nce Charles
in his journey to Spain, i. 30.
what situations he had filled,
ib. one of those excepted a-
gainst by parliament Ii'om mak-
ing peace with them on any
terms, iii. 240.
Porter, lieutenant general, v. J 93,
260, 263, his charge against
lord Goring, 'T. ) 58, n. lord (L's
against him, 159, 11. 242. joins
the parliatllent, 26 r .

I N D E X.

Portland surrendered to the king's
forces, iv. 213.
Portland, first earl of, (see Ri-
chard \Veston,)
Portland, Jerome Weston, se-
cond earl of, iv. 68. notice of
his wife, i. 95. removed by
parliament from the govern-
ment of the Isle of \\Tight, ii.
4 2 4. iii. 557. and imprisoned,
ii. 424. and why, iii. 607. 1\-lr.
Waller his intimate friend, iv.
6 I. the parliameut unable to
implicate him in 1\lr. \Valler's
and 1\lr. Tomkins's design, 77.
he is therefore enlarged, ib.
joins the king at Oxford, 192,
205. one of the lords who
signed the letter to the privy-
council ,and conservators of
the peace in Scotland, 632.
Portland, (Frances Stuart,) count-
ess of, i. 95.
Portmans, the, iv. 1 10.
Portsmouth, under colonel Go-
ring, declares for the king, iii.
T 72. besieged by the parlia-
ment's forces, 195. surrendered
to them, 224. the soldiers be-
fore Portsmouth revolt to the
parliament against Lambert,
vii. 388.
Portugal, i. 438, 439. how dis-
posed towards Charles II. vi.
394. compelled by Cromwell
to make peace, vii. 26. what
notice taken of Portugal in
the peace between France and
Spain, 343, 349, 35 I, 35 2 ,
354. the Portuguese alubassa-
dor's brother, don Pantaleon
Sa, beheaded by Cromwell for
murder, vii. 30.
Portugal,
!ng of, duke of Bra-
ganza, VII. 200.
Portugal, prince of, Theodosius,
vi. 394.
Portugal, queen of, Loui
R ot"
Guzman, vi. 394.
VOl.. VIII.

Potter, Christo}Jher, dean of \V or-
cester, one of the king's com-
missioners in ecclesiastical
matters to treat at U xbridge,
v. 5 I.
Poundage, (see Tonnage.)
Powell, colonel, commanded in
South \" ales for the parlia-
ment, vi. 41. disposed, through
discontent, to support Charles
II. 42. taken prisoner by
Cromwell in Pembroke castle,
59.
Poyer, colonel, raised himself
from a low trade, vi. 42. in-
trusted by parliament with the
government of the town and
castle of Pembroke, ib. dis-
posed, through discontent, to
support Charles II. 41, 42.
taken prisoner by Cromwell in
Pembroke castle, 59.
Preaching, great license in, i.
34 8 .
Prerogative, royal, when it should,
and when it should not be ex-
ercised to screen ministers, i.
12.
Presbyterian clergy preach up re-
bellion, iii. 230. presbyterian
ministers dispute with Charles
I. about the bishops, vi. 167.
divers presbyterian divines went
to Charles II. at the Hague,
vii. 501. their public audience,
ib. their private discourses with
him, 502. the difference be-
tween the presbyterian and in-
dependent party according to
bishop \,. arburton, 1fT. v. 354.
and how far each party contri-
buted to the overturning of the
constitution, vi. 207.
Pressing, the usual ß1ethod of re-
cruiting the army, i. 72. not
submitted to without opposi-
tion, ib. right of, usurped b)
the house of commons, ii. 69
-73.
nd

I N D E X.

Preston, sir M. Langdale, is
. beaten and taken, and duke
Hamilton routed near there, vi.
75, 7 6 .
Preston, sir James, viii. 86.
Preston, general, John, vi. 342,
424, 548. viii. 66, 96. his cha-
racter, vL 145. defeated by the
marquis of Ormond in the bat-
tle of Rosse, viii. 17. joined
the nuncio, 3 I . marches with
him towards Dublin, '37. his
and O'Neile's haughty propo-
sitions to the lord lieutenant,
38. enters into a treaty with
the marquis of Clanrickard to
join the lord lieutenant, 42. he
and his officers enter into an
engagement, 45. appointed
sergeant-nlajor-general under
the marquis of Clan rickard,
46. defection of his officers, 47.
Pretty, captain, iii. 202.
Price, Herbert, vii. 154, 155-
Prideaux, - vi. 254, n. one of
the six commissioners to whon1
parliament intrusted their broad
seal, iv. 340. one of the parlia-
ment cOl1lnlissioners to treat
at Uxbridge, v. 36. he, Vane,
and Saint-John, were but spies
on the rest, 69.
Prideaux, John, nlade hishop of
Worcester, ii. 25.
Prince Elector, (see Elector.)
Prince of \Vales, (see Charles I.
and II.)
Printing, great license in, i. 348.
Pri vilege, breach of, the house of
peers recommending the com-
mons to begin with a supply,
voted such by the commons,
i. 237. the king's interference
whilst the bill concerning
pressing was pending, voted
such, ii. 7 I. as also his going
to the commons to demand
the five members accused of
treason, 156.

Privy-council, its powers enlarg-
ed, i. I 2 1. lord keeper Finch' s
declaration in its favour, 13 I.
prejudicial to it, ib. requisite
principles of a member of the
council, 342, 6. the privy-
council and some of the bi-
shops advise the king to pass
the bill of attainder against
the earl of Strafford, i. 450.
Privy counsellors, divers new, of
the popular party, sworn, i.
341. prejudici
ny to the king,
342. an account and character
of the privy-counsellors attend-
ing the king 1643. and of those
who stayed with parliament,
iii. 538.
Proclanlation, the ill effects of
that set forth upon the disso-
lution of the second parlia-
ment of Charles I. i. I 18.
Charles I. 's proclamation from
Beverley, iii. 120. his procla-
mation for assembling the par-
liament at Oxford, iv. 353.
procJanlation of parliament a-
gainst proclaiming Charles Stu-
art king, vi. 245. Cronlwell
proclaimed protector, vii. 19.
Charles II. proclaimed, 488.
Progers, Henry, v. 3 6 3. vi. 444.
Projects of all kinds, i. I 19. of
knighthood, ib. of reviving fo-
rest laws, 120. of ship-money,
ib.
Proposal in the house of com-
mons for a committee to con-
sider of the present state and
power of the militia, ii. j6. the
king's proposals of alterations
in the parliament's articles of
cessation, iii. 495. the petition
and proposals of Lambert's
army, vii. 367. the lord lieu-
tenant of Ireland's proposals to
the mayor of Limerick, viii. 142.
Proposition, the king'
, to the
house of commons to give up

I N D E X.

hip-money for twelve subsi-
dies, 1. 238. a proposition made
in the commons for borrowing
money in the city, 372. defeat-
ed by the factious party, 375.
the king's proposition and n1es-
sage to both houses, ii. 191.
propositions of the commons
for adventurers in Ireland, 297.
the nineteen propositions sent
to the king by both houses, iii.
38" suhstance of his answer,
48. propositions aJ1.d orders of
both houses for bringing in
money and plate for maintain-
ing horse, &c. 59. the humble
desires and propositions of par-
liament to the king, 403" the
king puts the two houses in
mind of his proposition for a
cessation of arms, 484. propo-
sitions for peace given by the
lords to the com mons i 11 a
conference, iv. 183. rejected by
the com mons in consequence
of a petition from the common
council of London against
peace, 188. propositions from
Ireland rejected by the king,
v. 5. lord Goring n1akes pro-
positions to the prince of
\Vales, 23'" the parliament,
upon the Scots' request, send
propositions of peace to the
king at Newcastle, 417. the
Scots enforce them bv their
chaneellor, 418. the kin.g's an-
swer, 419. the propositions in
the personal treaty with the
king at Newport, vi. 159-
187. propositions from Eng-
land to Charles II. fvr an in-
surrection in his favour, \"ii.
132. a proposition in parlia-
ment for Cromwell to be king,
'94. the propositions annexed
to the anabaptists' address to
Charles II. 267. haughty pro-
positions to the lord lieut enant

of Ireland from the nuncio's
generals, viii. 38.
Protest, debate in the commons
against the right of entering a
protest against any lueasnre of
that house, ii. 45, 6 I, n. origin
of the custom of protesting in
the house of lords, ii. 2 I 2.
abuse of this custom, 16 4 2 . 2 13.
Protestants of Germany and
France received into England
in the time of Edward Yl. iii.
363. encouraged by queen Eli-
zabeth, ib. discountenanced in
the time of Charles I. 364.
Protestation taken by parliament
in consequence of the corre-

pondences disco\"ered between
the court and army, i. 44 I. ex-
planation of it by order of the
comn10ns, 444. the peti tion
and protestation of certain bi-
shops against their constrained
absence fron1 the house of
lords, ii. I 14. the bishops that
subscribed it accused of high
treason by the commons, 1 18.
protestation of certain peers in
a matter relative to the duke
of H.ichmond, 2 ,6. takt:n no-
tice of in the commons, ib. the
king's sp
ech and protestation
at the head of his forces, iii.
220. a protestation taken by
the two parties in Devon and
Cornwall, previous to a treaty,
434. the commissioners of
Scotland enter a protestation
against the four acts sent by
parliament to the king, v. 507.
the protestation of the secluded
members of the commons, "i.
208. protestation of the Roman
catholic bi
hops in Ireland
concerning their act of excom-
munication, viii. 196.
Provisors of benefices, statute of,
a clause from the preamble, ii.
5 1 4.
nd2

I N D E X.

P..yn, \Villiam, W. iv. 127. an
opponent of episcopacy, i. 166.
his character, 349. punished
for libelling, 352, 530. his en-
try j nto London on his return
from exile, 349, 353, 53 I. he
and l\Ir. 'Valker prosecnted co-
lonel }"iennes for the surrender
of Bristol, iv. 344. one of the
parliament commissioners to
reform the discipline and doc-
trine of the uni versity of Ox-
ford, v. 48 1.
Pules tOll, John, iii. 407.
Purcell, major-genera], ,.iii. 96.
Pve, sir Robert, commanded the
W king's garrison in Leicester, v.
175.
Pym, .Tohn, i. 253, 298, n. ii. 578,
24, 45, 59 2 , 75, n. 87, 23 8 ,
354, 39 0 . iii, 379. iv. 66, J9I.
opens the debate in the parlia-
ment. of April 1640. concern-
ing grievances, i. 234. and
again in the new parliament in
Novenlber, 299. part of his
speech, ib. one of those sent
by parliament with t.heir peti-
tion to the king at York, 258.
his part in the proceedings
against the earl of Strafford,
300,304,305,382,397,399,
52 I. notice of his character,
323. the younger Vane sought
his friendship, 328. one of the
leading men in the house of
conlmons, 347, 11. a design of
making him chancellor of the
exchequer, 37 0 , 445, 534. ii.
93. supported the bill for ton-
nage and poundage, i. 37 I. not
hostile to the church, 410. the
ill use he made of the discovery
of the correspondence between
the court and the army, 438,
439,44 0 ,4 68 ,47 1 , 474. s
d
by some to have been bribed
to hinder Irish volunteers from
enlisting in the service of

Spain, 493. chairman of the
committee of the commons
that sat during the recess, ii. I I,
14. of what advantage it might
have been to have gained him
and others over, 60, articles of
treason charged against him
and others by order of the
king, ii. 124,604. farther par-
ticulars relative to this charge,
12 5, ]3 0 , 147,156, 162, 16 4,
184, 19 2 , 606, 229, 258, 276,
280, 3 06 , 3 16 , 34 2 , 449, 459,
477, 54 8 . iii, 44, 15 6 , 6 18. hi3
speech on delivering- certain
petitions respecting the militia
to the house of lords, ii. 20j.
thanked for it bv the commons,
who order it to be printed,
2 I J. the king demands repa-
ration for an expression in it,
238. the answer of the com-
mons, 239. the king's reply,
240. farther con1munications
respecting it, 28 7, 3 1 5, 320.
part of his speech on the king's
answer to the peti tion of the
city of London, iii. 397. his
death, iv. 436. his character
and conduct, ih. W. iv. 439.
I.yne, John, v. 68.
Q.
Quartermaine, Dr. the king's phy-
sician, vii. 242.
Queen of England, (see Henri-
etta. )
Queen regent of France, (see
France.)
R.
Rabutin, Bussy, W. vii. 95.
Radnor, earl of, (see lord Ro-
berts. )
Ragland-castle bravely defended
against Fairfax by the Iuarquis
of \Vorcester, v, 424. surren-
dered on honourable condi-
tions, ib.
Rainsborough, colonel, tbe army
at I-Iounslo\v-heath send him

I N D E X.

to take possession of the city,
v. 466. part of the fleet revolt
from him to the king, vi. 23.
from what causes, 24. he and
some officers put on shore by
the seamen, 31. sent by Crom-
well against Pontefract castle,
1 ]9. an attempt by part of the
garrison to carry him off, 119,
121. is killed, 122.
Ramsey,-cOlnmanded a troop
of the parlialnent horse at the
battle of Edge-hill, iii. 274.
made governor of1\larlborough,
34-0. taken prisoner in the cap-
ture of the town by lieutenant
general 'Vilmot, 342.
Ramsey, David, i. 269.
Ranucini, J. B. archbishop of
Firnlo, (see Nuncio.)
Ranzaw, marshal, governor of
Dunkirk, vi. 77.
Raphoe, titular bishop of, viii.
155, 228.
Ratcliff, sir George, vi. 477. fV.
i. 537. accused of high treason
in order that he might not be
able to give evidence in favour
of the earl of Strafford at his
trial, i. 'J 77. had a principal
part in the state aft'lirs in Ire-
land, viii. 147. had great in-
terest with the duke of York,
vi. 474. he and sir E. Herbert
recommend to the duke the
pattern of the duke of Lorrain,
ib. they propose a match for
him with the duke of Lorrain's
Lastard daughter, 478. the
queen complains of him and
sir E. Herbert, 55 8 .
Rathmines, battle of, \"iii. 93, 97.
Uaynaldo, Olderico, the name un-
der which the continuation of
cardinal Baronius's historv was
published, viii, 72. .
Raynolds, Robert, iv. 39 1 , 39 2 .
he and )lr, (joonwyn sent bv
parliament as a ('Om;11ittcC' jnt

Ireland, ìii. 482. commanded
the English in the service uf
France, vii. 2 I 2, was cast away,
coming ont of Flanders, 22
.
(spe Reynolds.)
Reading, quitted by the parlia-
ment forces, and taken posses-
sion of by the king, iii. 3 I 8.
besieged by the earl of Essex,
iv. 22. the king attempts in
vain to relieve it, 36. articles
upon which it surrendered, 38.
the breach of them gave rise
to similar breaches in future
by both parties, 39. possessed
again by the king's forces, iv.
237. quitted by thenl, 474.
Reeve, or Reeves, justice, iii. 407.
iv. 342. notice of, iii. 145.
Remonstrance against the king
carried in the commons by
nine voices, ii. 40-43, 61, 1;.
ordered to be printed, 49. sub-
stance of it, ib. the king's an-
swer, 140. the comnlÌttee at
Grocers' hall design a new re-
monstrance, I 85. the matter
they prepared for it, ib. the
declaration or remonstrance of
the lords and commons, l\Iav
19, 16 4 2 . 448. their remon:'
strance, l\Iay 26
504. what
effect it had, 537. the king's
answer to that ofl\Ia) 19, 538.
and to that of 1\lav 26. iii. I.
the large remonst;[\llce of the
army brought to the commons
by six officers, vi. 20 I.
Resolution of parliament upon
the king's answer to their pe-
tition concerning the n\ilitia,
ii. 272. resolutions taken at
Oxford, v. 170. the first reso-
lutions of the council of officers
appointed by the army. 43 I.
Hetz, cardinal de, friendly dis-
posed towards Charles II. vii.
62. his discourse with him, 63.
5CUt to the bastile in ('onsl'-
od3

I N D E X.

quence, 64. his admiration of
the marquis of l\fountrose's
person, H T . vi. 28 4.
Rcynold, colonel, viii. 9--1.
Reynolds, Richard, signed the
anabê1ptists' address to Charles
II. ,'ii. 266. one of the presby-
terian divines who had a public
and private audience of the
king at the Hague, 501. (see
Raynolds. )
Rhé, isJe of, unsuccessful attempt
against, i. 6, 47.
Rhodes, sir Edward, Iii. 438,439.
Rich, colonel, vi. 97. \'ii. 204.
Rich, lord, i. J 10. one of those
who signed the declaration
that the kinO' had no intentions
of war, iii,,. 2. 57 J. and the
letter to the privy-council and
consen-ators of the peace in
Scotland, iv. 632.
Rich, Robert, grandson of the
earl of '\tVarwick, marrierl
Frances Cromwell, vii. 2 I I.
his death, 29 I.
Richard II. i. 395. ii. 43 I, 435.
vi. 2 16.
Richard III. ii. 536.
Rich ante, - iv. 534, 535.
Richelieu, cardinal, i. 49. en-
rom"ages the disaffected in
Scotland against Charles I. i.
223. iii. 358. v. 350. notice of
his death, iv. 325. v. 347. rea.
sons of his hatred against the
English,v.347. ke ptthequeen
regent and the queen of Eng-
land out of France, ib. his
estimate of the character of
both correct, in the opinion of
bishop '''arburton, W. v. 347.
why he raised cardinal l\'Iaza-
rine, v. 348.
Richmond, James Stewart, third
duke of, and fourth òuke of
Lenox,i. 153. ii. 61 4. V.4 I ,
47, 225, 339. vi. 108. high
steward and high admiral of

Scotland by descent, i. 140.
the onlv coullsellor about the
king in" Scotland, i. 215. ii.
35. notice of his character
and conduct, i. 2 J 5, 280,
37 I. and of his behaviour
towards the opposite party J
48 I. compelled to gi,re up the
wardenship of the cinque ports,
482. certain expressions of his,
the subject of debate in both
houses of parliament, ii. 2 14-
220. his character defended,
2 19. farther notice of his cha-
racter, iii. 539. one of those
who signed the declarat.ion that
the king had no intentions of
war, iii. 7 I, 57 I. one of those
excepted against by parliament
from making peace with them
on any terms, 239. made lord
steward of the king's house-
hold, 556. one of the peers
who signed the letter to the
pri\'y-council and conservators
of the peace in .scotland,
Ív. 632. one of the council
for the prince of '''ales, v.
IT. he and the earl of South-
ampton sent to the parliament
\vith a message for a treaty,
26, 2ft one of the king's com-
missioners to treat at U x-
bridge, 37. his part, 4 8 . ex-
cused himself from lea\'Ìng the
king to attend the prince, I 16.
attended the king's funeral, vi.
24 I. died betore the restora-
tion of Charles II. 244.
Richmond, (l\fary ViJliers) duch-
ess of, iii. 539.
Rippon, the English aud Scotch
commissioners appointed to
meet there, to treat of peace,
i. 274-
Rivers, John Savage, second earl
of, one of those who signed
the declaration that the king
had no intentions of war, iii.

INDEX.

7 2 , 571. one of those excepted
against by parliament from
making peace with them on
any terms, 239. one of the
lords who signed the letter to
the privy-council and conserva-
tors of the peace in Scotland,
iv. 632,
Rivers, countess of, her house
plundered by the rabble, be-
cause she was a papist, iii.
229.
Robert
, John lord, afterwards
earl of Radnor, Ï\'. 540, 562.
he and the earl of Southampton
refuse to take the protestation
imposed by the commons in
consequence of the discovery
of the correspondence between
the conrt and the army, i. 442,
476. present on the parliament
Ride at the battle of Edge-hill,
iii. 272. one of the few lords who
attended parliament, 1643. iv.
4 0 3, 63 0 . notice of him, 524.
insists that the earl of Essex's
army should proceed into Corn-
wall, ib. bishop \Varburton's
observation thereupon, W. in
loe. he escapes thence with the
earl by sea to Plynlouth, iv.
547. his estate in Cornwall
granted by the king to sir R.
Greenvil
v. 214, 3 I I.
Robinson, - sent with Scot
by parliament to meet l\lonk,
marching towards London, vii.
399.
Robinson, colonel, v. 166. go-
vernor of Launceston, v. 312.
Roche, colonel David, viii. 137.
Rochelle, i. 80. iii. 363. besieged
by cardinal H.ichelieu, i. 49.
the duke of Buckingham assas-
sinated when going to its re-
lief, ib. notice of its loss, ii. 50.
Rochester, earl of, (see lord \\Til_
mot. )
Rochford, John Carey, viscount,

afterwards earl of Dover, pre-
sent on the parliament si de at
the battle of Edge-hill, iii. 272.
one of the few lords who at-
tended parliament, J 643. iv.
4 0 3, 63 0 .
Rogers, - notice of his death,
iv. 108. his character, ib.
Rogers, - v. 202, n.
Role3, - chief justice, turned
out of his office by Cronlwell
for refusing to act as judge
against those who were con-
cerned in the rising at Salis-
bury, vii. 144.
Rolls, master ot: has the filling
up of the six clerks' places, i.92.
Rolls, sergeant, iii. 407.
Rolph, captain, his rise and cha-
racter, vi. 194. accused of a
design on the king's life, 192,
n. 195, 196, 197. how tried
and acquitted, 198.
Romanists., their high demands
in Ireland, viii. 20. Charles 1. 's
g:ood ad\Tice to their comlnis-
slOners, 22.
Roscommon, Jmnes Dillon, first
earl of, ii. 585. iv. 393.
Roscorroth, - one of the com-
111issioners for the associated
county of Cornwall, v. 152.
Rosewell, (see 'Villiamson.)
Rospigliosi, Julio, afterwards
pope Clement IX. notice of,
as the pope's nuncio at 1\1a-
drid, vi. 375, n. 44 8 .
Rosse, battle of, viii. 17.
Rossiter, colonel, v. 295, 30 J,
44 1 .
Rotherham, Thomas, iv. 393.
Rothes, John Leslie, sixth earl of,
i. 143, 348, n. 491. one of the
Scotch commissioners sent to
London to treat of peace, i.
33 I. his character, 332. ii.
580. and death, ii. 58 ( .
Roundheads, use of the term, ii.
93. its meaning, W. in loe.
Dd4

INDEX.

Roundway-down, battle of, where-
in sir 'V. 'Yaller is routed. iv.
134, 608.
Rouse, Francis, chosen speaker of
the house of commons, 1653.
vii. 15.
Rouswell, colonel, bravely but
unsuccessfully defended Litch-
field cathedral against prince
Rupert, iv. 34.
Rowe, sir Thomas, Charles I.'s
mnbassador extraordinary to
the emperor, iii. 359.
Rozetti, count, public agent from
Rome at London, i. 263, 526.
ii. 53, 275, 3 0 4, 457.
Rupert, prince, Hi. 233, 234,
25 2 , and n. 253, 625, 626,
266, 268, 349. iv. 37, 57, 14 0 ,
176, 181, 23 0 , 430, n. 462,
4 66 ,475,n. 4 81 ,5 20 , 5 2 7,n.
53 2 , 574, 575, 5 8 7,59 0 ,595.
v. 83, 99, 14 6 , 15 1 , 15 8 , n.
159, 16 9, 188, 194, and n.
197, 223, 249, 25 0 , 25 I, 254,
28 7, 288, 298. vi. 79, 84, 12 7,
151. vii. 66,67,77. W. iii.
278. iv. 138, 162, 520. V. 2,
174, 194, 220, 25 I. vi. 13 0 .
vii. 2 T 7. made general of the
king's horse at the opening of
the civil war, iii. 105, 610. his
arrival, 188, n. disapproved of
tlle king's first message to par-
liament for a treaty, 2 I 7. suc-
cessful in a rencounter near
Worcester, 235, 625. his name
in consequence becomes terri-
ble to the enemy, 236. his
independent conlmission the
cause of faction in the king's
army, 270. too much listened
to by the king, ib. particulars
of the battle of Edge-hill as
far as he was concerned, 272,
274, 63 0 , 63 I, 27 8 , 634, 280.
the earl of Lindsey offended at
his being exenlpted from his
C'ommand, 285, n. 287. con..

tracted a prejudice against'Vil-
nlot, 320, n. iv. 259. frightens
the par1ianlent garrison away
from Reading, iii. 320, n. urges
the king to ad"-ance towards
London, 326. takes Cirences-
tef, 416, 417. and IIereford,
iv. 30. and Litchfield, 35. and
returns to the king, ib. success-
ful in a skirmish at Charlgrave
field, where l\lr. Hambden was
mortally wounded, 83. jea-
lousies between hinl and the
marquis of Hertford, 602, 162.
takes Bristol, 141-145, 61 I.
rt:luctantly assents to sir Ralph
Hopton's being appointed its
governor, 616. the queen jea-
lous of his lessening her inte-
rest with the king, 201. parti-
culars of his part in the battle
of Newbury, 23 2 , 233, 23 6 ,
237. censurable for letting the
earl of Essex escape hin1 in
Gloucestershire, 259. notice of
his character, 301. takes Bed-
ford, 314. relieves Newark,
443. one of those chiefly con-
sulted by the king on military
affai rs, 471. successful at seve-
ral places in the north, 508.
defeated at Marston-moor,
509, 5 10. quits the north in
consequence, 5 10, 5 I 2. ob-
servations on his conduct, 5 13.
made general of the king's ar-
my, 528, 591. was not gene-
rally liked, v. I. withdraws his
favour from O'Neile, 10 I. his
answer (penned by the chan-
cellor of the exchequer) to the
earl of Essex's expostulatory
letter, 123, and n. disposes the
king to Inarch northwards, 170.
others advising hiln to go into
the west, 171. why he for-
warded iord Goring's views,
though no friend to him, ) 7 1 ,
172. present at the taking of

I N 1) E X.

Leicester, 175. his part in the
battle of Naseby, 181-185,
186. retires to Bristol, 18i,
220, 222. the king's letter to
hin) against treating of peace,
225. he delivers up Bristol,
244. the king's letter to him
upon this surrender, 252.
his commissions revoked bv
the king in conseqnence, 253.
through lord Digby's influence,
287. a reconciliation between
hiIll and Goring, 265, 266.
visits the king at Newark to
explain his conduct at Bristol,
295. absolved upon a hearing
fronl disloyalty or treason, but
not from indiscretion, 296.
the king recunciled to him,
389. attends the prince of
\Vales to the fleet at Helvoet-
sluys, vi. 33. had a rooted
prejudice against lord Cole-
pepper, 63, 127. much in-
fluenced by sir E. Herbert, 63.
heads the faction in causing
the prince of 'Vales to under-
value lord Hopton, 82. well
inclined to the chancellor of
the exchequer, 127, 151, n.
his quarrel with lord Colepep-
per, ] 28, 129. takes the COlU-
n:1and of the prince of 'Vales's
fleet, 140, 148, J 49. goes with
it to Ireland, 270. and then to
the Coast of Spain, 390. enters
the river of Lisbon, 391. es-
capes out again away frOlu the
parlialnent's fleet, 395. arrives
with his Heet at Nantes, vii.
65. invited by Charles II. to
Paris, 66. gives an ill account
of his fleet, 68, 80, leaves the
king, and goes into Germany,
89. resigns his place of master
of the hurse, 90. bishop 'Var-
burton savs, that he most con-
tributed to the ill success of
the king's arms, 1,.. iii. 3 2 7.
rlnd that he deserved to be

hanged fOf his cunduct in
Yorkshire, iv. 5 I I. the bishop's
observations on his military
conduct, iv. 23 0 , 299, 346,
444, 5 12 , 5 1 3. v. 185. his
censure of the king's appoint-
ing the prince general of the
anny, iv. 528.
Russel, sir 'Villiam, treasurer of
the navy, i. 328. v. 22.
Russel, l)iana, wife of Francis
lord Newport, iii. 257, n.
Ruthen, - the parliament go-
vernor of Plymouth, iii. 426.
beaten by sir Ralph Hopton
at llradock-down, 427, 428.
who takes Saltash from him,
43 0 .
Ruthen, Patrick, afterwards earl
of Brentford, earl of Forth in
Scotland, (as earl of Brent-
ford,) iv. 82, ] 81. v. 235, 271,
305. (as earl of Forth,) iv.
403, 41 J. made field marshal,
iii. 266. appointed by Charles
l. general of his army in the
room of the earl of Lindsey,
who fell at Edge-hill, 296.
great frienrlship between him
and lord IIopton, iv. 459. was
present with him when worst-
ed by sir ,Yo \Yaller at Alr
s-
ford, ib. notice of his being
made earl of BrentforcJ, 47 I,
526. much consulted by the
king on n1ilitary affairs, 47 I.
his character, 471, 526
V. I.
bishop \Varuurton's comment
on it, W. iv. 471. wounded
in the second battle of N ew-
bury, iv. 588, 589. prince Ru-
pert Blade general in his stead,
591. v. I.
Ruther, general, i. 5 12.
Rutland, John l\Ianners, eighth
earl of: excused from ill health
from being a parliament conl-
missioner to Scotland for re-
lief, iv. 153. one of tlae six
commission{'r
to whom the

I N D E X.

parliament intrusted their ne",
broad seal, 340. one of the
few lurds who attended par-
liament, 1643. 403, 629.
Ruvignie, - v. 359.
Rytheby, (see Kettleby.)
Ryves, - one of the commis-
sioners for the associated coun-
ty of Dorset, v. 152.
S.
Sa, don Pantaleon, brother of the
Portuguese ambassador, be-
headed bv Cron1well for a
murder, vi"ï. 30.
Sacheverel, -- iii. 250, 11.
Sackville, sir Edward, (see earl
of Dorset.)
Sackville, lord George, W. iv.
345.
St. Alban's, Richard de Burgh,
earl of, fourth earl of Clan-
rickard, i. 266.
St. Alban's, earl of, (see marquis
of Clanrickard.)
St. Alban's, earl of, (see sir T.
J ermvn.)
St. And.rews, archbishop of, (see
J. Spottiswood.)
Saint-George, colonel, killed at
the taking of Leicester, Y. 177.
St. Ghislain recovered to the
Spaniards through the instru-

.entality of the earl of Bristol,
VIl. 233.
Saint-Hill,-one of the com-
missioners for the associated
county of Devon, v. 152.
Saint-Jòhn, Oliver, i. 246, 258,
445. ii.606. UT. ii. 9ï. seldom
known to smile, i. 246. his
character, 324. one of the
leading men in the house of
conllnons, 347, n, made soli-
citor general, 3 7 0 . def
nds the
earl of Strafford's attainder in
point of law before the lords,
407. seconds sir A. Haslerig's
bill for settling the militia,
487. one of the comlnittee of
the ('mnmons appointed to sit

during their recess, ii. 10. was
the chief instrument to devise
and contrive all the proposi-
tions and acts of undutifulness
towards the king, 59. advises
the king to offer an expedient
with regard to the bill ptmrling
respecting pressing men for
Jrt
land, 70. consequence of
this step, 7 I. dedares the
power of the militia not to be
in the king, 77. one of the com-
missioners to whom the parlia-
lTIent intrusted their new broad
seal, iv. 340. he and I-lamb-
den much governed Pym, 438.
one of the parliament's com-
missioners tô treat at Uxbridge,
v. 36. he, Vane, and Prideaux
acted as spies on the rest, 69.
his solicitorship revoked by the
king, 38. was in favour of the
self-denying ordinance, 90. the
parliamenfs chief ambassador
to the Dutch, to invite them
to a strict union, vi. 594, 595.
Crom well never zealous for
the Dutch war, but governed
in it by him, 607. bishop 'Var-
burton's comment on this
statement, Jr. vii. 2.
Saint-John, Oliver lord, present
on the parliament side at the
battle of Edge-hill, iii. 272.
killed there, 290. his character,
ib. notice of his being made a
peer, 293, 'n.
St. John's college, the worst en-
dowed in Oxford, at the time
of (abp.) Laud being sent
there, i. 159-
St. Katherin's, abbot of, viii.
208, 213.
Saint-Leger, sir WiBimn, lord
president of l\'lunster, ii. 585,
588. v. 588.
St. Paul's cathedral, fines of the
high-commission court assign-
ed for its rebuilding, i. 166.
Salisbury, a rising there in favour

INDEX.

of Charles II. vii. 139. unfor-
tunate issue of it, 142.
Salisbury, William Cecil, second
çarl C:f, one of the counsellors
with the king at York, i. 279.
had been appointed at the par-
liament's desire lord lieutenant
of Dorsetshire, ii. 272. one of
those who signed the decla-
ration that the king had no in-
tentions of war, L iii . 7 I, 57 J.
one of the commissioners sent
by parliament to the king with
propositions of peace, 402. his
character, 559. was servilely
obsequious to the court, ib. de-
serted the king at York, and
returned to the parliament, ib.
one of the few lords who at-
tended parliament, 1643. iv.
403,63o.one of the parliament
commissioners to treat at Ux-
bridge, v. 36. he and the earl
of Pembroke total1y without
credit or interest in the par-
liament or country, 73. W. in
loe. when the house of peers
was put down by Cromwell, he
got himself chosen a mem ber of
the house of commons, iv. 560.
Salisbury, bishop of, (see B.
Duppa.)
Saltash taken by the king's forces,
iii. 430.
Saltpetre, an act for the free
making of, i. 503.
Sanderson, Dr. Ro
ert, afterwards
bp. of Lincoln, one of the chap-
lains allowed by the army to
attend Charles I. at N ewmar-
ket, v. 442.
Sandford, - prognosticated
the earl of Pembroke's death,
I. 104.
Sandwich, earl of, (see Edward
l\lounta
ue. )
Sandy
, colonel, commanded the
parliament's forces in the ren-
counter near Worcester, iii.
235. died of his wounds, 236,

253, 626.
Santen, a handsome open town,
belonging to that part of the
duchy of Cleve which was as-
signed to the elector of Bran-
den burgh, vii. 1 19.
Savile, John lord, a rival of the earl
of Strafford, i. 455. berea\"ed
by him of all power and place
at court, ib. made treasurer of
the king's household, ii. 63.
Savile, Thomas lord, afterwards
earl of Sussex, iii. 575, 579.
his character, i. 273. ii. 600.
a bitter enemy to the earl of
Strafford, i. 2 i j. had he]d a cor-
respondence with the Scots, ib.
one of the commissioners ap-
pointed by the king to treat
with the Scots at Rippon, 274.
sworn a privy counsellor, 341.
one of those who signed the
declaration that the king had
no intentions of war, iii. 72,
57 I. he and the chanceJlor of
the exchequer alone advised a
civil reception of those lords
who came over to the king
from parliament, iv. 203, one
of the lords who signed the
letter to the privy-council and
con
ervators of the )J
ace in
Scotland, 632.
Savoy, duke of, Charles Ema-
nuel II. vii. 364. compelled by
Cromwell's interposition to
restore the pri\tileges to the
yalley of Lucerne, vii. 297.
Say, \V m . Fiennes, first \'iscount,
i. 305, 436. ii. 109, 285,606.
iii. 276, 296, 630, 32 I, 556.
iv. 191. vi. I 10, n. W. i. 448.
iii. 565. refuses to make the
protestation against holding
intelligence with the Scots, i.
207. was not at York with the
king on his Scotch expedition,
being iU, 274. was the ora-
cle of the puritans, i. 3 I 8.

worn of the privy-council,

I N D E X.

341. one of the governing
vOIces in the house of lords,
347, n. a design of making
him nmster of the wards, 37 I,
4 0 5, 446. which he was, 534.
notice of his speech on the
earl of Strafford's trial, 380.
was an entire enen1Y to church
and state, 409. pr
mised the
king to screen the earl of
Strafford, under the hope of
obtaining the treasurership,
447, 53 6 . how by his advice
the king injudiciously inter-
fered in the bill pending in
parliament against the earl of
Stratford, 447, 44 8 . advised
the king to consuJt the bishops
as to the point of couscience
in signing the act of attainder
against the earl, ii. I II. is
refused a safe conduct by
the king when appointed by
parliament one of their com-
missioners to treat with him at
Oxford, iii. 485, 486. observa-
tions respecting this refusal,
486. the earl of Pembroke gave
hitnself np into his hands, 555.
one of the few lords who attend-
ed parliament, 1643. iv. 403,
630. supposed to be the only
one of the independent party in
the house of peers, v. 89. why
he tried to prevail on the king
to consent to the parliament's
demands made in the treaty at
Newport, vi. 1 55, 161. notice of
his character and previous con-
duct, iii. 317, 564. was edu-
cated at New college Oxford,
565. the duke of Buckingham
courted his friendship in order
to be popular, but cast him
off, finding hiln too imperious,
and in favour of too danger-
ous mutations, ib. to what
lengths disposed to go, 5 66 .
afterwards fell into as much
contempt with thoðe whom he

had led, as with those whom
he had undone, lb.
Scarborough castle delivered up
by sir H. Cholmondlev to the
q
leen, iii. 446. .,
Scarsdale, earl of, (see lord
Deincourt. )
Scawen, - one of the com-
u1issioners for the associated
county of Cornwall, v. 152.
Schom berg, Frederic, afterwards
first duke of, vii. 114,233,234.
W. vii. 233.
Schout, Theodore, iv. 373.
Scilly, after being vigorously de-
fended by sir J. Greenvil, is de-
livered to sir G. Ayscue, \'i, 61 T.
Scot, - he and Robinson sent
by parliament to meet l\Ionk
marching towards London, vii.
399, 4 08 .
Scotland, the wilderness of Eng-
land, its state b
fore the long
þarlianlent of Charles I. i.
133. his visit there to be
crowned, i. 138, 508. his in-
tentions of introducing the
English liturgy there, how far
and why opposed, 146- 1 49,
508. his feeling towards Scot-
land, and consequent deter-
mination, [51, 195. state of
the church there, 144, 145.
where bishop \Varburton eon-
siders that lord Clarendon has
taken a wrong view of it, 1fT.
i. J 50. the Iáng, during his
stay, erects the bishopric of
Edinburg-h, i. 152. and prefers
some bishops to secular of-
ficès unseasonably, T 54. the bi-
shops had little influence in
Scotland, ib. the liturgy and
canons appointen to be drawn
up by some of them, and sub-
mitted to archbishop Laud,
bishop Juxon, and bishop
'Vren, 183, 184. observations
respecting the canons and the
liturgy, 185, 19I
508. nothing

I X 1> E X.

but a fear of popery ,",ould
have dri ven the nation into
open rebellion against the
king, 187. the liturgy, how
received in Edinburgh, 193,
196. Seotland and it
affairs
never thought of in England,
195- ladies of quality side
with the lower orders against
the bishops before their hus-
bands, 196. the Scottish co-
venant formed, 197. a clause
in it for the extirpation of
episcopacy, ib. this opposition
at first thought light of by the
other party, 198. colonel Les-
ley chosen general of the co-
venant, 199. the king raises an
army and navy aga
nst them,
201, 202. which would have
ended the war at once if thev
had been vigorously exerted',
205. the earl of Holland re-
tires before the covenauters at
Dunce, 2 10. thev write to the
three English "commanders,
2 I I. a treaty concluded, 2 17.
t he consequences of their suc-
cess, 222. ill eftècts of th e
king's not holding in per-
son the Scotch parliament to
settle their differences, 5 I I.
the covenanters joined by the
earl of Argyle, 225. their let-
ter to the French king inter-
cepted, 228. English prepara-
tions for a new war, 248. lord
Conway routed at Newburn,
255. the Scotch, however,
down to their conquest by
Cromwell, were always beaten
by the English, unless assisted
with English troops, 256. they
petition the kin
, 274. a treaty
appointed at Rippon in con-
seqnence, ib. error in thi" point,
2 88. names of the commis-
sioners, 274. their proceedings,
275. the earl of Strafford ad-

vises the king to prosecute the
war, 280. a cessation agreed
on, 2
2. the treaty adjourned
to London, 283. the mutual
confidence of the covenanters,
and their deference to the
dergy of their party extraor-
dinary, 292. the Scotch com-
missioners' reception in Lon-
don, 33 I, 334, 'Il. a gratuity
voted by parliament to the
Scotch army, 466. the act of
pacification between England
and Scotland passed the par-
liament, 489. a public thanks-
giving appointed in conse-
quence, ii. 8. the king sets
out for Scotland) i.489. trans-
actions in Scotland touching
l\loulltrose, Argyle, and Ha-
nlilton, ii, J 6. how the king
was treated in Scotland, 35.
divers seditious acts assented
to by the king, 35-37. epi-
scopacy abolished, 36. the
king's power in Scotland, dur-
ing hi
absence, to be vested
in lords of the secret council,
ib. the king returns to Eng-
land, 37. declaration of par-
liament, after the battle of
Edge-hill, inviting the Scots
to a
sist them, iii. 305. con-
dition and inclinations of Scot-
land, 308. substance of the
king's message to the privy-
council of Scotland upon oc-
casion of the parliament's de-
claration to that kingdom,
344. petition from the gene-
ral assembly of the kirk of
Scotland to .the king, 499. his
answer, 509. negociations of
the Scotch commissioners with
the king, that they might be
mediators, and for a parlia-
ment in toicotIand, 52 I . a
passport. for the commission-
ers to go to London, why re-

I N D E X.

fused by the king, 5 26 , 527.
transactions in
cotland of
the committee of both houses
of parliament, iv. 274. a cove-
nant for the extirpation of pre-
lacy proposed by the Scots be-
tween the two kingdoms, and
agreed to, 274-280. copy of
it, 280. 100,000 l. paid by the
English parliament for the
cooperation of the Scots, 289.
a parliament summoned by the
covenanters, 293, 624. sub-
stance of the treaty between
the two nations, 298. the
Scots enter England, 347. a
letter from the peers on the
king's side to the council in
Scotland, 348, 630. an ex-
tract of the declaration of the
kingdom of Scotland, 404.
an extract of the declaration
of England and Scotland, 407.
the Scotch commissioners jea-
lous and dissatisfied with the
proceedings of the English
parliament, v. IS. an account
of the earl of l\lountrose's ex-
pedition into Scotland, 91.
a treaty between the king and
the Scots set on foot by the
interposition of France, 345.
the parties cannot agree on
the point of church-govern-
ment, 353, 354. a farther ac-
count of this negociation, 383.
the king puts himself under
the protection of the Scotch
army at Newark, 394. their
treatment of him, 395. he or-
ders Newark to be surrender-
ed, whereupon the Scottish
army lnarches northwards with
him to Newcastle, 396. trans-
actions relating to him in the
Scotch army, 407. at their
desire he orders the surrender
of Oxford and all his othe..
garrisons, 416. the parliament

upon the Scots' reque
t
end
propositions of peace to the
king, 4 17. the Scots enîorce
these propositions, 4 t 8. his
answer, -J. 1 9. the parliament
demand
and the
cots de-
liver up the king, 419, 421.
the Scotch commissioners' pri-
vate treaty with him at Hamp-
ton-court, 529, 53 0 . observa-
tions on it
53 r. substance of
this scandalous treaty, 532. the
Scots' preparations tor an ex-
pedition into England, vi. 8,44.
the Scotch parliament meet,
their deliberations, 10. com-
lnissioners sent into Scotland
from the :English' parlianlent,
15. letter of the Scotch par-
liament to the prince of
\Vales, 83. deliberations in the
prince's council auout it, 85.
Cromwell marches into Scot-
land, 91. is received at Edin-
burgh, 93. the conlmittee of
the Scottish parliament order
Mountrose to disband, ib. the
Scottish parliament being call-
ed, condemn duke Hamilton's
engagement
94. a proposition
concerning Scotland in the
personal treaty with the king
in the Isle of \Vight, 184.
Charles II. proclaimed in Scot-
land, and commissioners sent
thence to him, 27 I. state of
Scotland, 1649. 273. commis-
sioners had been sent from the
Scotch parliament before the
death of Charles 1. to the Eng-
lish parliament, 274. their pri-
vate instructions from Argyle's
party, 276. they enter their
protest ;;tgainst the king's trial,
277. the parlianlent's answer to
it after the king's murder, 280.
the commissio-ners reply, are
imprisoned, but afterward.,
freed, 281. the marquis of Ar-

I N D E X.

gyle clogs the act of proclaim-
ing Charles II. with a clause for
the covenant, 282. l\liddleton
assembles some troops in Scot-
land, ib, factions in the king's
court with reference to Scot-
land, 283. the parties of the
Scots at the Hague, 1649.
287. the king invited to Scot-
land again upon the old con-
ditions, 398, 402, his answer,
400. Scotch conlmissioners
meet him at Breda, 401. he
resolves to go into Scotland,
404. arguments of some against
this step, ib. I\Jountrùse arrives
in
cotland, 412. publishes his
declaration, ib. the continu-
ation of his affairs to his exe-
cution, 413. the king arrives
in Scotland and takes the co-
venant, 436. the clergy always
about him, 438. their sermons
before him, ib. the Scots raise
an army against Crom\vell
sent by the English parlia-
ment, 453. what advantage
they might have had against
him, 455- he routs them at
Dunbar, ib. IV. in loco he en-
ters Edinburgh, 456. of what
advantage to the king, ib. state
of the king's affairs in Scotland,
484. a parliament summoned
in his name, 487. it meets at
Stirling and reconciles the
lords, ib. h is coronation, 4 88 .
an arm V raised, of which he is
general; ib. defeated at \V or-
cester, 510. an account of Scot-
land brought to him at Paris, Ly
a
cottish ,.icar that l\Iiddleton
brought to him, 577. the re-
quests to him fronl his friends
there, 578. the chancellor of
the exchequer appointt:ù to
make all despatches for Scot-
land, 579-582. the state of
Scotland nnder the protector-

ate, vii. 33, 52, 168. bishop
\Varburton's observations re-
specting the Scots, W. i. 254,
25 8 , iv. 4 0 7. v. 393, 395,
408. he calls the Scotch army
to which Charles 1. surren-
dered himsel f, an execrable
crew of banditti, with whom
honour and good faith went
for nothing, v. 407. he re-
marks, that neither the Scots
nor the English nation were
answerable for the infamy,
the one of selling, the other
of murdering their king, vi.
273.
Scotland, chancellor uf, (see earl
of Lowden.)
Scroop, Emanuel lord, after-
wards earl of Sunderland, I.
4 20 .
Seroop, colonel, vi. 98.
Scroop, sir Gervas, his extraordi-
nary recovery from the wounds
he received in the battle of
Edge- hill, iii. 294.
Scroop, son of sir Gervas, iii.
294.
Scudamore, lord, ambassador at
Paris, iii. 366.
Seaford, George l\Iackenzie, se-
cond earl of: vi. 287,

eal, (see Broad Seal.)
Secretaries of state, the inferi-
ority of their office in the be-
ginning of the reign of Charle

I. i. I J 3.
Sects, divers, increase in the ar-
my, v. 428.

elden, John, W. ii. 34. much
assisted lord Littleton, having
a great friendship for him, ii.
491. Charles I. OlH'e had an
idea of taking the gredt seal
away from lord Littleton, and
intrusting it with him, 497.
though it was supposed he
would not have accepted it,
and why, 498. his opposition

INDEX.

to commISSIons of array, Hi. Sheffield, colonel, iv. 89.
9 1 . Sheldon, Gilbert, aften'rards arch-
Self-denying ordinance proposed bishop of Canterbury, whilst
in parlianlent by Vane and warden of All Souls, Oxford,
Cromwell,\r.2J.passesthecom- informs his friend l\Ir. Hvde,
mons, 88. and the lords, ] 3 I. (lord Clarendon,) that the
l11i-
Senneterre, (see 1\1. la Ferte.) versity was ready to contribute
Sexby, - originally a common its plate to the king, iii. 245,
soldier, vii. 278. one of the 'Il. one of Charles I.'s com-
agitators of the army, ib. so nllSSlOners in ecclesiastical
intimate with Cromwell, as Iuatters to treat at Uxbridge,
often to be his bedfellow, ib. v. 5 I. allowed by the arnl)
his negociation with Charles
to attend the king at N ew-
II. ib. market as one of his chaplains,
Seymour, }'rancis lord, insisted 442.
on his right of voting on the Sheldon, major Thomas, died of
earl of Strafford's trial, thouP'h ' wounds received in the battle
o
he was a comnloner when the t. of Lansdown, iv. 125, 606.
accusation was first brough t . Sherborne, lord Digby routed
up, i. 38 J. one of those who
there, v. 293.
signed the declaration that the Ship-money, the levy of, by the
king had no intentions of war, .
king, i. 120. pronounced legal
iii. 72, 57 I. accompanies the
by the judges, when tried by
marquis of Hertford into the
Hambden, 121, 235. the evil
west, 120, 18 I, 608. and into,\:- consequences of this decision,
Glamorganshire, 226. his cha- .
122. ship-money nlade most
racter, 547. one of the lords odious by lord Finch's speech,
who signed the letter to the 127. the writ for levying it
pri\ry-council and conservators drawn up by Noy, attorney
of the peace in Scotland, iv. general, 130. the king offers
633. one of the king's com- parliament to give up his claim
missioners to treat at Ux- of ship-money for twelve sub-
bridge, v. 37. sidies, 23 8 , 514. but dissolves
Seymour, colonel, iv. 323. the parliament whilst debating
Seymour, Harry, of the king's
on the measure, 24 6 , 516. an
(Charles II.) bedchamber, iv.
act annulling all proceedings
204. vi. 69, 542. sent to the for its collection, 5 0 4.
king from his friends in Eng- Shrewsbury, taken by the parlia-
land, vii. 8 I. ment's forces, v. 67.
Seymour, sir John, iv. 146. Shrewsbury, the noble family of,
Seymour, queen Jane, vi. 243. i. 99. . .
Shaftesbury, Hyde, (lord Claren- Shropshire, the condItIon of, at
don,) being returned member the end of 16 4 2 . iii. 447.
of parliament for this place, Shurley, George, iv. 393.
and also for "Totten-Basset, Sidney, Algernon, vii. 434.
chose to represent the latter, Six clerks, the, these situations
i. 233, n. were in the gift of the master
Shaftsbury, earl of, (see sir A. A. of the rolls, i. 9 2 .
Cooper.) Skelton, Richard, solicitor gene-

I N D E X.

raI, succeeded by Littleton, ii.
49 2 .
Skinner, Rouel.t, bishop of Ox-
ford, one of the bishops who
signed the protestation against
their constrain
d absence from
the house of lords, ii. I 16.
Skippon, captain Philip, ii. 172,
173,446. iii. 21, 618. 1V. iv.
23 6 . notice of him, ii. 165.
appointed luajor general of the
London luili tia, ib. 427. or-
dered to attend "T estminster
with a guard, 166. employed
in the siege of Reading, i\'. 26.
nmkes conditions for the earl
of Essex's foot, intercepted in
Cornwall, 53 1 , 1l. 5+7, 548.
Slanning, sir Nicholas, iv. [28.
governor of J)endennis castle,
iii. 424. assists in raising '.0-
lunteers in Cornwall, ib. aids
sir Ralph Hopton in becom-
ing master of that county,
4 2 9, 551, n. his part in the
battle near Stratton, iv. 99.
and at Lansdown, 122. and in
the siege of Bristol, 144. where
he fell, J 49. his character, 149,
15 0 ,612, 61 3.
Slannings, the, v. 427.
Slingsby, captain, iii. 594, .195.
refuses to obe\" the earl of
'Varwick, as admiral, in com-
pliance with the king's COll1-
TIland, iii. 1 14. was a creatu re of
lord Digby's, and recommend-
ed to him by the queen, 595.
had been secretary to the earl
of Strafford, ib. .
Slingsby, lieutenant colonel, his
part in the siege of Bristol, iv.
'44.
Slingsby, sir Harry, tried before
a high court of justice by
Cromwell on account of his
loyalty, vii. 246, 247. con-
demned, 251. executed, 252.
an account of him, ib.
VOl.. VIIr.

Smith, - v. 18
.
Smith, Dudlev, slain in the bat-
tle of R
\1ndway-down, h..
13 ó .
Smith, captain John, rescued the
ro'"al standard at the battle of
ErÎge-hiIl, iii. 279.
Smith, sir .John, brother of lord
Carrington, died of wounds re-
ceived in the battle of Alres-
ford, i,.. 461. notice of him.
+62.
Smith, In::ùor, i. 280.
Soap, the odious project of,
chiefly franled and executed
by p
pists, i. 262.
Soldiers before Portsmouth re-
volt to the parliament, \'ii.
388. the soldiers in London
resoÌ\'e to restore the parlia-
nlent, and wait on the speaker,
390. (see
\rmy.)
Solicitor general, (Robert Skel-
ton,) ii. 492.
Somerset, duke of, (see earl of
Hertford. )
Somerset, Robert Carr, or Ker,
earl of, i. 101. the only one of
the fa\'ourites of J allle
I. who
did not incur the public odium,
i. J 7. privy to the murder of
sir J. Overbury at the instiga-
tion of his wife, ib. condemned
for this crinle, ib. why he was
disliked at court, ib.
Somerset, (Frances Ho\\,'anl,)
countess of, instigated her hus-
band to be privy to the nmr-
der of sir J. Overunr)', i. I 7.
condenlned for the murder,
ib.
Somerset, lord .John,
on of the
marquis of \V orcester, iii. 465,
4 6 7.
Soubize, 1\1. de, i. 49.
Southampton, Thomas 'Vriothes-
ley, fourth earl of, v. 33(),
495. vi. 244. vii. 81. r{'fÜ
E'

to take tht"> protestat.ion im-
Jo; e

I N D E X.

po
ed by parliament in conse-
quence of the discovery of the
correspondence between the
court and the army, i. 442,
476. gains over to the king his
nephew lord Spencer, iii. 65.
one of those who signed the
declaration that the king had
no intentions of war, 71,571.
urges the king to send a Ines-
sage of peace to parlianlent,
204, 621. one of those who
carried the message, 206, 208.
how recei ved in the house
of lords, 209. his character,
$41. n1arried lord Dunsmore's
daughter, (Elizabeth Leigh,)
547. one of the lords who
signed the letter to the privy-
council and conservators of the
peace in Scotland, iv. 632. one
of the prince of 'Vales's coun-
cil, v. I I. he and the duke of
Richmond sent to the parlia-
ment with a message for a
treaty, 26, 28. one of the
king's commissioners to treat
at Uxbridge, 37. excused him-
self from quitting the king to
attend the prince of Wales,
1 16. Titcfield one of his seats,
489. one of those the king de-
sired lllight attend him in the
Isle of'Vight, vi. 108. present
at his funeral, 241. receives
the garter from Charles II. on
his restoration, vii. 504.
Southampton, (Elizabeth Ver-
non,) countess of, v. 489.
Southampton, (Elizabeth Leigh,)
countess of, iii. 547.
Southerland, (Sutherland, ) John,
seventeenth earl of, joined co-
lonel Straghan against the
marquis of Mountrose, vi.
4 1 4.
Spa, after its cold waters are
drank, the hot baths of Aken
are resorted to by many. vii. 107.

Spain, its counsels alwaY3 in-
fluenced by the clergy, i. 28.
an account of prince Charles's
(Charles I.) journey into Spain,
20. peace between England
and Spain, and why, 6, 1 17.
notice respecting the war, 38,
43. its origin was a private
quarrel of the duke of Buck-
ingham's, 63. the feeling of
the English with respect to
this war, 69, io. Spain favour-
able to the parliament against
the king, iii. 358. particulars
of lord Cottington's and Hyde's
embassy, 357, 37 8 , 4 0 5,44 0 ,
458, 4 6 4. some account of the
masq uerade exercise, vi. 369,
n. of running the course, 370,
'll. and of the lorDs, ib. state of
the court there, 1649. 382.
ambassadors treated with more
respect at l\ladrid than at any
other court, 446. Spain sends
an ambassador extraordinary
to Cromwell, but fails in the
proposed end, vii. 1 74. a treaty
between Spain and Charles II.
185. the Spanish "\Vest India
fleet beaten by a squadron be-
longing to the English parlia-
ment, 189. the captured bunion
sent to London, T 96. lord 1\lu8-
kerry joins his regiment with
the Spanish, 228. St. Ghislain
recovered to the Spaniard

through the earl of Bristol's
lneans, 233. the Spanish de-
feated bv the }-"rench at Dun-
kirk, 283. obsenrations on this
war with France, 339. some
particulars respecting the trea-
ty between the two nations
settled bv cardinal Mazarine
and don Lewis de lIaro, 34 I,
343, 34 8 .
Spain, Philip IV. king of, i. 28,
63' vi. 310, 378, 386, n. kept
his ambassador at London

I
]) J-: X.

throughout the rebellion, vi.
249. who bought for him many
of king Charles's pictures, ib.
notice of his running se\'eral
Courses with don Lewis de
Haro, 369. his audience of
Charles 11.'s ambassadors, 379,
380. his answer to a commn-
nication frOlu them, 407. he
desires them to depart, 458.
dismisses the chancellor of the
exchequer courteously, 46j.
contends with j?rance for
CrOluwell's friendship, vii. 50.
Spain, queen of, l\iargaret of Au-
stria, i. 66. vi. 386, n.
Spain, queen of, l\lary Anne of
Austria, notice ot
vi. 381.
Speaker of the house of commons
usually a lawyer, i. 297. his
election bad always been by
designation of the king, i.
5 1 9.
Speech, Mr. Pym's, on delivering
certain petitions to the house
of lords, printed by order of
the commons, ii. 207-2 I I.
the king's speech and pro-
testation at the head of his
forces, iii. 220. the substance
of his speeches to the gentry
and commonaltv of the seve-
ral counties thr
ugh which he
passed, 260. the substance of
his speech to the parliament
at Oxford, iV.398. Cromwell's
speech upon the king's answer
respecting the four acts sent
to him by parliatnent, v. 512.
sir H. Vane's speech upon the
commissioners' report of the
treaty at Newport, vi. 199.

ubstance ofCroffiwell's speech
to a new parlianlent called by
him, vii. 36. his speech upon
passing the hmnble petition
and advice, 207. the lord lieu-
tenant of Ireland's speech to
the assembly of confederate

catholics '1t Kilkenny, ,'iii.
7 8 .
Spencer, Henry lord, afterwards
first ead of Sunderland, di.
85, JV. iii. 66. iv. 239, 246,
270. gained over fronl the par-
liament by his uncle the earl of
Southampton, iii. 65. (as earl
of Sunderland,) slain in the
battle of Newbury, h'. 239.
notice of him, ib.
Spiller, sir II. i. 13.
Spinola. marquis, 1. 37.
Spots\vood, sir Robert, notice of,
'". 415. was made secretary of
state of Scotland by the king
in the room of the earl of
Lanrick, ib. taken prisoner, as
an adherent of the marquis of
l\lountrose, ib. and put to
death, ib.
Spottiswood, John, archbishop of
St. Andrew's, notice of, i. 154.
l11ade chancellor of Scotland,
ib.
Spurstow, - a presbyterian
minister, his rude behaviour to
Charles I. vi. 154, n. 168.
Stacy, colonel, condemned and
e;ecuted as an adherent of

harles II. vii. 253-
Stafford garrisoned by sonle
gentlemen for Charles 1. iii.
45 6 .
Stafford, sir Edward, vice-chmn-
berlain to queen ]
lizabeth,
contributed to the rise of lord
Cottington, vi. 466.
Stafford, captain, betrays 'Vex-
ford, of which he was gover-
nor, to Cromwell, viii. 105.
Staflord, 'Villiam l-Ioward, vis-
count, was beyond sea, 1643.
iv. 630.
Staines, Dr. quarter-master-ge-
neral, v. 498.
Stamford, Henrv Grey, first
earl of, iii. 1.45. 14.6, ó18,
4 18 , 4 2 7, 4 2 <), 43 0 , 434. ir.
E C 2

I N D :E X.

106, JI9, 176,316, W. iii.
434. ll1arches into Cornwall
\vith an army, iv. 95. beaten
near Stratton, 100. how he
attel11pted to exculpate him-
self, 102. besieged in Exeter
by prince Maurice, 2 r 5. he
surrenders to him on articles,
219. one of the fe\v lords who
attended parliament, 1643.
403, 63 0 .
Stamford, lady, (Anne Cecil,) vi.
57 6 , W. vi. 577.
Stanhope, Charles lord, ,vas be-
yond sea, 1643. iv. 630.
Stannery-courts, an act against
divers encroachments and op-
pressions in them, i. 503.
Stapleton, - iii. 187.
Stapleton, sir Philip, ii. 45. hos-
tile to the earl of Strafford, i.
329. active for the bill to take
away the court of York, 418.
one. of the committee to at-
tend Charles I. into Scotland,
ii. 15. notice of him, 16. one
of those sent wit.h the parlia-
ment's answer to the king con-
cerning HuH, 397. and \vith
their petitiol1 to him in favour
of the Yorkshire petition, iii.
.5 7 8 . and with their petition
to him at Beverley, 123. op-
posed the self-denying ordi-
nance in the house of com-
mons, v. 89. one of the leaders
of the presbyterian party in
that house, 454. withdrew be-
yond sea, when the speaker
and several members of the
commons repaired to the ar-
my, 465. died at Calais, ib.
Stapley, - his engagement for
Char!
s II. vii. 243, 244. dis-
covers what he knew of the
plot, 245, 249.
Star-chamber, its powers enlarg-
ed, i. 121. its proceedings un-
der queen Elil.abeth as rigor-

ous, but U10re orderly and
grave, i. 127. to whom it
errors
under Charles I. were chiefly
owing, 129. dissolved by act
of parliament, 459, 499. its
exorbitances, 499. its origin,
500. its abolition a popular
measure, ib.
Stawel, sir John, iii. 20 I. i\...
573. v. 14 1 , 15 2 , J9 6 , 197.
accompanied the marquis of
Hertford into the west, iii. 18r

608. the governlnent ofTaun-
ton comn1itted to him, iv. J 10.
was eager for the association
of the four western counties
under the prince of 'Vales, v.
86. notice of him, ib.
Stayner, captain, assisted in the
defeat of the Spanish fleet at
Santa Cruz, vii. 2 14.
Steel, - vi. 254. vii. 375.
Stenny, the duke of Buckinghmn
so called by James I. i. 30.
Stephens, sir John, vii. 42 I,
4 22 .
Stevens, Edward, iv. 146.
Steward of the king's household,
(see Lord steward.)
Steward, Dr. clerk of the closet
to
harles I. and dean of the
king's chapel, one of the king's
con1missioners in ecclesiastical
matters to treat at Uxbridge,
v. 45. his answer in defence of
the church of England to 1\11'.
Henderson, 54. recommended
bv Charles I. to Charles II. to
il;struct hilu in matters relat-
ing to the church, vi. 37, 32 T .
his objection to Charles II.'s
proposed declaration, 321. his
death, 572.
Stewart, lord Bernard, afterwards
earl of Litchfield, iv. 539. v.
182. commanded the king's
troop of guards, iii. 266. was
at the battle of Edge-hill, 289.
his part in tbe fight at Crop-

INDEX.

redy bridge, iv. 502, 504. no-
tice of his being made earl of
Litchfield, v. 182. feU at Ches-
ter, where the king's horse
were routed by Pointz,
84,
285. his character, 285.
Stewart, lord George, (see lord
Aubigney. )
Stewart, lord John, was in the
battle of Edge-hill, iii. 289.
died of wounds received in the
battle of Alresford, 425, rl.
426, 11. 46 r. his character,
426, n. 461.
Stockdale, -- i. 527.
Storm, a terrible one on the day
of Cromwell's death, vii. 292.
Stradlin, captain, deprived of his
ship for his loyalty, iii. I 14,590.
Stradling, sir Edward, taken pri-
soner by the parliament forces
at the battle of Edge-hill, iii.
29 2 .
Strafford, Thomas '" ent worth, earl
of, lord lieutenant of Ireland,
i. 5 I 7, 27 0 , 28 3, 286, 5 2 4,
35 6 , 3 6 9, 37 2 , 416,419,420,
4 22 , 435, 445, 4 6 4, 47 2 , 49 2 .
ii. 13, 54, 5 8 5, 5 86 , 59i, 81,
J09, 110, 122, 153, 605. w.
i. 214, 222, 306, 452. ii. 122.
the earl of Holland hostile to
him, i. 216. opposes the re-
moval of sir J. Coke from the
secrf'taryship, 222. notice of
his being made earl of Straf-
forrl, ib. addsed king Charles
to call a parliament to consult
about the Scotch covenanters,
,
I 2. his alacrity in the affilir,
513. sir H. Vane his implac-
able enemy, 245, 265, 266.
iii. 568. why he preferred be-
ing lieutenant general in the
second expedition against the
Scotch wvenanters, to being

cneral, i. 248, n. 254. lord
Conway very dear to him, 250.
lhe carls of E:,scx and 1101-

land his enemies, and \Vh},
249, 26 5, 266. the anny in-
censed against him, 257. one
of the committee of state, 263.
notice of his government in
Ireland, 265. his recall a most
fatal step of the king's in the
opinion of bp. \Varburton, W.
i. 265. lord Savile his bitter
enemy, i. 273. iii. 548. com-
plaint of the Scotch commis-
sioners against- him, i. 276.
'Vilmot and O'N eile his ene-
lnies, 2ï9.v.99. oneofthecoun-
sellors with the king at York,
280. advises the prosecution
of the war, ib. the queen hos-
tile to him, i. 294. debate in the
house of commons concerning
him, begun by Pym, ended in
his impeachment, 300-305,
520. W. i. 3 0 5, 382,386,391,
405. his reply in the house of
lords to the announcement of
his intended impeachment. i.
3 06.commi tted to the black rod,
ib. extraordinary proceedings of
the commons against him, 3 15,
33 6 , 37 6 , 3 7ï. sent to the
Tower, 525. Denzil Hollis did
not intermeddle in his trial,
he having marri
d his sister,
329. the Scotch conln1issioners'
charges against him in parlia-
ment. 335. proceedings there
towards his trial, ib. sir J. 110-
tham his enemy, 347, n. ii. 181.
lord Littleton made a baron in
order to be of service to him at
his trial, 38 I. who neverthe-
less would not act as a peer,
ib. was instrumental to Little-
ton's rise, ii. 492. his trial be-
fore the lords, i. 382, bill of
attainder passed against him
by the commons, 397-406.
those who voted again:st it
placarded as Straffordians, or
enemies to their country,
F, e 3

I N 1) E X.

4 0 7. the king wining that he
should be exiled or imprisoned
for life, but declares he could
not give his assent to an act
. of parliament impeaching him
of treason, 423. Mr. Hyde in
vain endeavours to dissuade
the earl of Essex frOln voting
- against hinl for treason, 425.
the bill against him delayed in
the house of lords, 427. two
accidents contributed to its
. passing, ib. viz. a correspond-
ence between the court and
certain officers in the army,
4 28 . and the death of the earl
of Bedford, 445. endeavours
Inade to dissuade the king
fronl declaring before parlia-
111ent that he could not sign
the bill condemning the earl
for treason, 447, 448. lord
Say promised to screen him,
and why, 447, 534. the house
, of lords pass the bin against
him, intimidated by the mob,
450. he advises the king to
pass the bill, 452. who signs
it bv commission, ib. the earl
beh
aded, 454. bishop \Var-
burton's observation there-
upon, 1'1". iv. 245. his magna-
nimous behaviour at the block,
. i. 454. his character, 455. bp.
\V arburton' s opinion of him,
W. i. 450. sir P. Stapleton
one of those who took part
against him, ii. 16. treated
with civility at his trial by
Jeffery Palmer, 49. a com-
mittee had been sent by the
· Irish parliament to assist in
any complaint against him,
585. he foresaw and advertised
the king of the rebellion in
Ireland, 587. lady Carlisle his
constant friend, 603. the duke
of Richmond vehemently op-
posed bis attainder, 2 Ii.

Slingsby was his secretary
jii.
595. recommended the earl of
Leicester as his successor in
Ireland, 475. the Inarquis of
Hertford did not concur in
his prosecution, 54 I. the earl
of Southampton, though not
hi5 friend, opposed the violent
proceedings against him, 542.
he obtained a peerage for lord
Seymour, being his great friend,
547. why lord Falkland was so
severe against him, 245. Mr.
Pym accused of acting with
personal animosity against hin}
at his trial, 439. his govern-
ment advantageous to Ireland,
viii. 9.
Straffordians, or enemies to their
country, those so called who
voted against the bill for the earl
of Strafford's attainder, i. 407.
Straghan, colonel, sent against
the lnarquis of l\iountrose, vi.
414. routs him, 415. (see
Straughan.)
Strange, James Stanley, lord, af-
terwards seventh earl of Derby,
thought to have nlore power
in Cheshire and Lancashire
than he had, iii. 251, n. 625.
succeeds as earl of Derby, 252,
626. accused of high treason
by the commons, 258, n. un-
dertook to reduce Manchester,
259, n. and to suppress all
commotions in Lancashire and
Cheshire, 447. his ill success
and want of conduct, 449,
450. iv. 442, 463. retired to
the Isle of l\Ian at the end of
the war, vi. 49 I. meets Charles
II. in Lancashire, 496. is sent
by him to raise forces, 497. his
ill success at \Vigan, 502.
wounded, 503. tak
prisoner
at the battle of\Vorce
ter, 515.
executed, 504, 5 [6. his cha..
racter, ib.

I N D E X.

Strangeways, sir John, i. 373. one
of those styled by the rabble
persons disaffected to the king-
dom, ii. 103, n. one of the
comnlissioners for the associ-
ated county of Dorset, v. 152.
Stratton, the earl of Stamford
beaten near there, iv. 100.
Straughan, captain, iii. 98, 'Il. 99,
n. 103. (see Straghan.)
Streater, colonel, vii. 430.

tretch, Thomas, Inayor of Li-
ulerick, countenanced a tumult
there, viii. 228. hanged by the
rebels, ib.
Strickland, - the parliament's
agent in Holland, iii. 357. vi.
26 9.
Strickland, sir Rubert, vi. 89,
Strode, sir George, wounded at
the battle of Edge-hiB, iii.292.
Strode, or Stroud, \Villiam, i.
3 2 9. ii. 47. one of those ephori
who most avowed curbing and
suppressing of majesty, i. 253.
one of the leading nlen in the
commons, 347, '11. how far
trusted, 348, n. one of the
committee of the commons ap-
pointed to sit during their re-
cess, ii. 10. moved that the
committee for drawing up a
remonstrance n1ight be revived,
23. one of the five members of
the commons accused of high
treason by order of the king,
I 24, 604. farther particulars
relative to the charge, 12 5,
13 0 , 147, 15 6 , 162, 16 4, ló9,
18 4, '9 2 , 606, 229. 258, 276,
280,306,316,342,449,459,
477,54 8 . iit. 44,156,618. his
evil character, ii. 161. his part
in military affilirs, iii. 301. iv.
115.
Sturgion, .J ohn, signed the ana-
baptists' aðdress to Charles II.
vii. 266.
Sudely castle Mlrrendcred tu SJr

\V. Waller, iv. 489'
Suffolk, Theophilus Howard, first
earl of, had been lord treasurer,
i. 84. iv. 565.
Suffolk, James Howard, third earl
of, iv. 565. one of the few lords
who attended parliament, 1643.
iv. 4 0 3, 630.
bunderland, earl of, (see lord
Scroop. )
Sunderland, earl of, (see lord
Spencer. )
Sura, iii. 220.
Sussex, earl of, (see lord Savile.)
Sutherland, (see Southerland.)
Swassenburgh, count of, archduke
Leopold's ambassador at 1\la-
drid, vi. 450, n. who is obliged
to dismiss him, though he
loved him of all the world, vii.
1ST.
Sweden, i. 224.
Syms, - v. 164, 165.
Synder
orne, - vii. 276. his
design against Cronlwell, 289.
his death, 290.
T.
Tacitus, iii. 35 I.
Taffe, Theobald viscount, after-
wards earl of Carlingford, vi.
47 2 , 473. viii. 98. supported
the king's cause in Ireland,
yiii. 66. n1ade general of the
. artillery, 85. his negociation
with the duke of Lorrain, 207.
Talbots' town surrendered to the
marquis of Ormond, viii. 86.
Tarah, lord, vii. 186.
Taunton taken by the Inarquis of
llcrtford, iv. J 10.
Taylor, Jeremy, bishop of Down,
IV. v. 429.
Temper of both houses of parlia-
nlent, J 640. i. 3 17. of the city
of London 1642. ii. 150. of
the army and court at Oxford
upon the king's return thither,
1643. iv. 2,,9. of the army and
court 1644. v. I. of the city
}
c 4

I N D E X.

1647.457. of the nation 1648.
vi. I. of Charles II.'s friends
1658. vii. 240.
Tewkesburyand Hereford taken
by sir 'V. Waller, both which
he presently left, iii. 468.
Tbanet, John Tufton, second
earl of: was beyond sea, 1643'
iv.63 0 .
Thelwell, colonel, IV. 500, 586.
Theodosius, (see prince of Por-
tugal.)
Thomas, - signed the ana-
baptists' address to Charles II.
vii. 266.
Thomas, Prince, vii. 232.
Thornhill, colonel, v. 190.
Thrognlorton, sir William, t;e-
verely wounded in the fight at
\Vigan, vi. 503. escapes into
Holland, ib.
Thurlow, J ohn,secretary to Crom-
wen, vii. 156, 248, 325. W. vi.
139. vii. 16 5, 21 I, 29 1 , 301.
Tichborne, sir Henrv, notice of,
iii. 482. nlade a . lord justice
in Ireland, ib. iv. 393.
Tichburn, - vii. 375.
'fildesly, sir Thomas, goes to
Monroe, vi. 88. killed in the
fight at \Vigan, 503. his cha-
racter, 506.
Times, felicity of the, before the
long parliament, notwithstand-
ing some invasions on the sub-
ject, i. 13 I. compared with the
times of queen Elizabeth, ib.
and of king James, 132.
Titchfield, a seat of the earl of
Southampton's, v. 489.
Titus, captain, vi. 488.
Tomkins, - a design discover-
ed in London, by which he,
1\lr. \ValJer, and others, meant
to benefit the king, iv. 57. the
real project, 61. a vow and co-
venant taken by parliament on
its discovery, 7 I, 72. and
throughout the city and army,

74. he and :\Ir. Chaloner triet1 .
and executed, 75.
Tomlinson, colonel, Charles I.
comn1itted to his custody at
St. James's, vi. 229. accused
by Herbert of stealing a gold
watch of the king's, W. in ioe.
Tonnage and poundage, origin
and custom of, i. 46 T. a new
act of parliament respecting,
4 6 3.
Topping, lieutenant colonel, kill-
ed in the second battle of New-
bury, iv. 588.
Torre: don Diego de la, Spanish
envoy in Ireland, vi. 389.
Torrington, sir J. Digby routs the
parliament forces there, iv.
218.
'l"'assitur, fortified by prince H,u-
pert, iv. 3 15.
Tower of London, sir \V. Balfour
dismissed by Charles I. from
being its lieutenant, ii. 80. co-
lonel Lunsford put in his place,
8 I . who resigns, and sir J.
Byron is appointed, 82. the
interference of the house of
commons respecting it, ii. 154,
172,198,235. the king is pre-
vailed upon by them to remove
sir J. Byron, and appoint sir
J. Coniers to the lieutenancy,
235, 23 6 . iv. 226. the custody
of the Tower comlnitted by
parliament to the lord mayor
Pennington, iv. 227.
Towers, John, bishop of Peter-
borough, one of the bishops
who signed the protestation
aO'ainst their constrained ab-
b
sence from the house of lords,
ii. 1 16.
Townsend, sir Horatio, vii. 397.
a design of surprising Lynne
by him and lord \Villoughby
of Parham, vii. 322. both of
them apprehended, 332. one
(}f the ('ommittce sent by par-

I
D E X.

liament to wait on Charles II.
at the Hague, 499.
Trajan, emperor, iii. 220.
Traquaire, John Stuart, first earl
of, high treasurer of Scotland,
i. 218. vi. 306. the only lay-
n1an consulted by abp. Laud
about introducing the English
liturgy into Scotland, i. 191.
holds the Scotch parliament
as the king's commissioner,
510. why the king should not
have appointed him,S 1 1. was
the wisest of the Scotch na-
tion that the historian knew, ib.
Treaty of pacification entered
upon, and concluded with
Scotland, ] 639. i. 217. a treaty
appoi nted at Rippon, 274. ad-
jounled to London, 283. a
treaty between the two parties
in Devon and Cornwall, iii.
434. the parliament agrees
with the king that there should
be a treaty at Oxford, upon
proposals tor a cessation, 485,
4 8 j, 495, 5 28 . which comes
to nothing, 528. the sum of
the demands and concessions
of both sides upon the first ar-
ticle of the treaty, iv. I. the
treaty expires, 17. substance
of the treaty between the Eng-
lish commissioners and the
Scots, 298. particulars of the
treaty at Uxbridge, v. 36. a
treaty between the king and the
Scots set on foot by the interpo-
sition of France, 345. the com-
Inissioners of Scotland' s private
treat.y with the king at llamp-
ton-court, 529. which was re-
newed and signed by him in
the [sle of 'Vight, 530. the
substance of it, 532. particu-
lars of the treaty at Newport,
vi. 152. a treaty signed April
1657. betwen
pain and Charles
II. vii. 185. particulars of a
treaty bctwecn .France and

Spain, 341. an account of the
close of it in respect of Portu-
gal and the prince of Condé,
349. (see Peace.)
Tredagh taken by storm by Crom-
well, after a brave defence, vi.
395.
Trelawney - vii. 3
3. why
unjustly expelled the house of
commons and imprisoned, ii.
28 3.
Trelawnies, the, v. 427.
Tremouille, duke de, vi. 5 17.
Trevannion, sir Charles, iv. 613.
Trevannion, colonel J ohu, iii.
429. undertakes with others to
raise volunteers for Charles I.
in Cornwall, iii. 424. assisted
sir Ralph Hopton to become
master of that county, 55 I, n.
his part in the battle near
Stratton, iv. 99. and in the
siege of Bristol, 144. where he
was killed, 149, 61 2. notice of
him, 149, 150, 613'
Trevannions, the, v. 427.
Trevor, Thon1as, baron, iv. 287,
34 2 .
Trial of the earl of Strafford, i.
382. of Mr. Tomkins and Mr.
Chaloner, iv. 75. of abp. Laud,
v. 3 I. of king Charles I. vi.
230. of duke Hamilton, the
earls of Holland and Norwich,
lord Capel, and sirJ.Owen, 252
-255. ofl\lr.l\Iordaunt, sir H.
Slingsby, and Dr. Hewet, vii.
24 6 .
Tuam, titular archbishop of, viii.
14 0 ,15 1 ,155.
Tullibardine, 'Villiarn l\lur!'ay, se-
cond earl of. i. 93.
TunlUlt about Lambeth-heuse, i.
252. about the house of peers,
449. about 'Vhitehall, 45 0 .
great tumults about the house

f peers, ii. 86. the tumults
increase about \Vhitehall and
\" est.minster, 90. Cromwell

l1ppres:ses a tl1nlult of lc
'cl-

I N D E X.

lers, v. 505. procecdings of
the Ronmn catholic clergy at
'" aterford occasioned popular
tumults, particularly in Lime-
rick, viii. 27, 28. a tumult at
Limerick upon the lord lieute-
nant's approach, 142.
Tunis, Cromwell's fleet under
Blake enters the harbour of,
and burns their fleet, vii. 179.
1\trenne, lnarshal, vi. 584. vii.
99. W. iv. 24. v. 348. escaped
into Flanders, when some of
bis party were imprisoned by
cardinal l\Iazarine, vi. 376, n.
378. receives the duke of York
who joined his army with all
respect, 567. the Spaniards
at Dunkirk forewarned by the
prince of Condé of what plan
of operations he would adopt
against them, vii. 28 J. observa-
tion on him and the prince
of Condé, ib. he defeats the
Spaniards at DUQkirk, 284.
offers assistance to the duke of
York in any reasonable enter-
prise in England, 337.
Turenne, madam, vii. 300.
Tyrenes, Anthony, iv. 373. . I
v.
Vall-Periso, marquis de, one of
the Spanish council of state,
vi. 382. notice of him, 386, n.
had a great detestation of the
English rebels, ib.
Vandruske, - v. 138, 140,
159.
Vane, sir Henry, i. 23 8 , 514,
247, 3 14, 339, 45 6 . ii. 573.
iii. 156. iv. 248, 249. w. i.
247. iii. 568. notice of him, i.
216. llmde secretary in the

room of sir J. Coke: through
the queen and the luarquis
Hamilton, 222. his declaration
concerning the proposed sup-
ply in the house of COlnmons,
244. Inisl'cpresents the pro-
ceedings to the king, 245. and

thereby increased the differ-
ences between the king and
parliament, by being the cause
of its dissolution, 1640. 5 I 6.
what his motives n1Ïght be,
245, 5 17. an implacable ene-
my to the earl of Strafford, ib.
iii. 568. one of the council of
state, i. 264. one of the coun-
sellors about tIle king at Y or k,
280. his part in the earl of
Strafford's trial, 39 2 ,393, 397,
398,401,403. one of the com-
Inittec of the house of com-
mons to sit during the recess,
ii. 10. why he gave himself up
to the factious party, 59. de-
prived of the secretaryship, 63.
notice of his character and
conduct, iii. 566, 567. he died
despised by his son, who had
been his chief conductor to
destruction, 568.
Vane, sir Henry, the younger, i.
3 2 5.. v. 89. vii. 373, 375. his
, c:laracter, education, and early
life, i. 326. iv. 29 I. the nlis-
chief he did in New England,
i. 327. what circumstance
111ade him join the factious
party, 328. one of the leading
men in the house of conlnlons,
347, n. his part in the earl of
Strafford's trial, 399, 4 01 ,4 02 .
was for root and branch as it
was ternled, 410. his fatber
died contemned by hin1, to
whose destruction he was the
chief conductor, 568. one of
tbe commissioners sent by par-
liament into Scotland for re-
lief, iv. J 53. chiefly instru-
mental in establishing the co-
venant between England and
Scotland in favour of presby-
terianism, 290, n. 29 I, 297,
298. his object, 298. one of
tbe committee who attended
the earl of lVlanehester's army,
466. hated of all men by the

I N IJ E X.

earl of Essex, 525. lord Ro-
berts in great conjunction with
him, ib. the Scotch cOlumis-
sioners jealous of him, v. 15.
be and Cromwell were leaders
of the independents, 16, 345.
takes care to have men of his
own principles put into the
government of the city of Lon-
don, 17. his speech proposing
the self-denying ordinance, 21.
one of the parliament commis-
sioners to treat at U xbridge,
36. he,Saint-John,andPrideaux
acted as spies on the rest, 69.
withdraws with the speaker of
the commons to the arnlY, 46r,
463. the marquis of Argyle
luarle a fast friendship with
hiln and Crollnvell, vi. 8. be-
ing a commissioner in the per-
sonal treaty at Newport, he
uses all his arts to obstruct
and delay it, 110. the only one
that did not desire a peace,
155. his speech upon the com-
missioners' report, 199. tl)inks
Cromwell's power too nluch,
vii. 3. reproached by him with
a breach of faith and corrup-
tion, 7. his conduct upon Crom-
well's violent dissolution of
parliament, 34. readmitted in-
to par1iament by virtue of a
clause in the humble petition's
aùvice, 2 J 9. he and Haslerig
govern the parliament, 1659.
369. farther notice of hin} and
his views, 373, 374. Lawson
one of his dependent3, 389.
confined to his house by par-
liament for having concurred
with the committee of safety,
393.
Van Trump, his fleet worsted by
. Blake, vi. 598, 599. comes to
sea with another fleet, vii. 23.
is beaten and slain, ib.
Varney, -- (see Verney.)
Vavasour, sir Charles, iv. 4....8.

Vavasour, sir William, taken pri-
soner at the battle of Edge-
hill, iii. 292. cOlllmanded the
forces in South Wales, i v. I 8 I,
195, n. assisted at the siege of
Gloucester, 181.
Vaughan, baron, (see earl of Car-
bery. )
Vaughan, sir George, wounded in
the battle of Lansdown, iv.
12 5.
Vaughan, sir 'Villiam, killed in
t.he battle of Rathmines, viii.
9 8 .
Udall, sir 'Villiam, one of those
who carried the king's message
of peace to parliament, iii. 206,
621.
Venables, colonel, viii. 94.
Venables, general, commanded
the land army sent by Crom-
well with Pen's fleet, vii. '72,
176. unsuccessful at Hispanio-
la, '77. succeeds at Jamaica,
178. he and Pen committed to
tbe Tower by Cromwell, 179.
Venn, captain, ii. 9 I. iii. 39 I.
one of the committee of the
house of commons appointed
to sit during the recess, ii. 10.
was nlember for the city of
London, 9 J . led those men
that went tumultuously to
\Vestminster and Whitehall,
at the time that the bill against
the earl of Strafford was de-
bated, ib. iii. 616. charged
with high treason by the king,
iii. 618.
Vere, Horatio lord, i. 250. iv.
563. vi. 234. vii. 3 80 .
Vere, lady, two of the children
of Charles I. intrusted to her
care by parliament, v. 453.
removed from her, and placed
with the earl of Northumber-
land, ib.
Vcre, Anne, married sir T. Fair-
fax, vi. 234. (see lady Fairf
'1..'X.)
, ere, Su:san, married the carl of

I N D E X.

1\1ontgomery and Pembroke,
i. ) 04.
Verney, or Varney, sir Edmund,
or Edward, knight marshal, 1fT.
Hi. 289. Charles I.'s standard-
bearer at Nottingham, iii. 190.
bore the standard at the battle
of Edge-hill, 274, 286, n.
where he was killed, 279, 286,
n. 287. notice of him, 286, n.
28 9.
Vie, sir Henry de, the king's re-
sident at Brussels, vi. 477. vii.
235.
Vieu Ville, marquis of, fell in the
conflict at A wborne chase, serv-
ing as a volunteer to Charles
I. having attended the queen
out of Holland, iv. 233.
Villa l\lagna, marquis of, vi. 38 J .
Villiers, family of, its extraction,
i. 16. ..
Villiers Edward, carried Charles
I:s despatches to the fleet, iii.
110, I I I, 587, 588, 168.
Villiers, lord Francis, notice of,
vi. 6. he, with his brother the
duke of Bucks, and others, rise
for Charles II. ib. at Kingston,
95. he is killed there, 97.
Villiers, sir George, father of the
great duke of Buckingham,
notice of his n1arriages and
offspring, i. 16. anecdote of
the appearance of his ghost,
predicting his son's death, 74.
Villiers, George, (see duke of
Buckingham. )
Vines - notice of him, v. 52.
one of the parliament com-
missioners in ecclesiastical
Inatters to treat at U xbridgc,
ib.
Viole, president, vii. 355.
Virginia delivered up to the par-
liament forces, 1653. vi. 61 I.
Universities, the two, contribute
their money and plate to Charles
I. iii. 246.
V vte, pas:;c.d in the house of

commons against the court ûf
York, i. 418. concurred in by
the lords, 42 I. three hundred
thousand pounds voted to the
Scotch army for a gratuity be-
sides their monthly allowance,
466. votes of both houses con-
cerning the militia, ii. 268,
29 2 . the king's answer to the
parliament's declaration and
votes concerning Hull, 389.
the votes at which the king
took exception, 47 I. the votes
of both houses for raising an
army, iii. 122.. for procuring
n10ney, 243. the conlffions
vote a new broad seal, the
lords concurred with them, iv.
339. vote of no more addresses
to the king, &c. v. 5 J 3. second-
ed by a declaration, 515. the
vote of no more addresses re-
pealed, vi. 109. the parlia-
ment's votes upon the king's
proposi tions offered at the
treaty of Newport, 18 I. votes
of the commons upon the
king's being removed fronl
Carisbrook castle to Hurst
castle, 203. vote, "that thc
king's answer was a ground
1: "
lor peace, 205. nlany mem-
bers being seized by the sol-
diers, the remaining members
vote the contrary to former
votes, 206. vote, " that those
who were absent at the nega-
tive vote should sit no more in
the 110use," 207. vote of no
more addresses renewed, ib.
the protestation of the seclud-
ed members voted against by
both houses, 208. votes of the
house of commons for settling
the government, 209. vote a-
gainst the office of kingship,
246. votes of the parliament
upon the address of a new
council of officers to the pro-
tector Richard, vii. 309. they

I X n E X.

pass a vote to ha\'e no more
general officers, 368.
Vow, (see Co,"enant.)
Vowel, - tried before a high
court of justice for holding
correspondence with Charles
Stuart, vii. 28. condemned, 29.
executed at Charing-cross, ib.
his magnanimous behaviour, ib.
Urban VIII. pope, i. 27.
Urrv, colonel, sir 'Villiam, i\'.
5.89. having sen'ed in the par-
liament army at the battle of
Edge-hill, he goes over to the
king, finding himself not so
well regarded as he expected,
iv. 80, rl. 82. and undertakes
to guide prince Rupert to the
enemy's quarters, ib. knighted
by the king for his success, 8 I,
u. 86. notice of him, 86. de-
serts back again to the par-
liament, and discovers all he
knew of the king's army, 58 I.
being taken among the mar-
quis of l\Iountrose's officers he
is executed, vi. 42 I. palliation
of his tergiversations, iv. 589'
severely censured by bishop
'Varburton, fro in loc.
Usher, colonel, killed in the siege
of Litchfield cathedral, iV.35.
Usher, James, archbishop of Ar-
magh, iv. 277.
Uxbridge, particulars of the treaty
of, v. 36-80. without effect,
80. (see Charles I. or Parlia-
ment.)
'v.
'Vagstaffe, colonel, sir Joseph,
v. 263. wuunded at the siege
of Litchfield cathedral, i\.. 35.
assisted at the siege of Bristol,
144. sent to Taunton, v. 148.
attends the earl of Roches-
ter into England to aid any
rising in favour of Charles II.
vii. 135. goes into the west tor
that purpo
c, J 38. notice of

him, 139. assists at the rising
of Salisbury, ib. dissuaded fronl
hanging the parliament judges,
which were in the town, J 40.
perhaps injudiciously, ib. es-
caped abroad again upon failure
of this enterprise, 143.
"Tainman, captain Samuel, no-
tice of, iv. 559. killed in the
pursuit of Balfour, ib.
\Vainman, ('V en man,) Thomas
lord, one of the parliament
commissioners to treat at U x-
bridge, v. 36.
'Vake, Baldwin, v. 3 [9.
'Vake, captain, by the king's
command refuses to obey the
earl of 'Varwick as adl
iral,
iii. 114.
'Vales, prince of, (see Charles 1.
and II.)
'Valker, Clement, one of the pro-
secutors of colonel Fienne
,
iv. 344. UT. in loco
'Valker, sir Edward, garter king
at arms, and secretary to the
council of war, iv. 505, 506.
IV. iv. 587. v. 174, 222, 301.
removed fronl Charles II.
when in Scotland, vi. 438. the
actions in the cmnpaigns of
1644-5. are taken by lord
Clarendon chieflv fronl his
discourses, JV.iv. -447,582. v.
47 6 .
\Vall, - i. 526.
'Valler, - iv. 205. a design
discovered in London bv which
he, l\fr. Tomkins, and-others,
Jneant to benefit the king, iv.
57. the real project, 6 I. a vow
and covenant taken by parlia.
nlent on its discovery, 71. and
throughout the city and army,
74. he is banished in conse-
quence, 79.
Waller, sir llardress, iii. 477- i\'.
423, n. v. 273.
'Valler, sir '\'ïlliam, iii. '227, 278,

I N D E X.

.

4 8 3- iv. 28, 95, n. I' 4, 138,
14 0 , 18 5, 19 0 , 20 5, 228, 237,
25 8 , 28 9, 345, 395, 4 2 5, n.
44 8 ,449,45 0 ,45 1 ,45 2 ,454,
455,456,458,459,468,469,
474, 475, '/l. 47 6 , 4 88 , 5 0 3,
5 06 , 5 0 7, 5 2 3, 53 0 , '/l. 539,
54 1 , 54 2 , 549,55 2 ,5 6 7,57 1 ,
574,575, 577,5 82 . v. 10, '9,
83, 12 3, 14 0 , 14 1 , 14 2 , 143,
J 44, I 4-5, 147, I 7 2 , 1 73, I 85,
444. sent by the parliament
against Portsmouth, iii. 17 2 ,
180, 607, 192, '/l. takes Chi-
chester, 4 T 5, 4 16. surprises
and routs Lord Herbert's little
army, 466, 467. takes Here-
ford and Tewkesbury, both
which he presently left, 468.
takes Hereford, iv. 29. comes
before 'Vorcester, and is re-
pulsed, ib. sent into the ,vest,
10 5, 10 7,108,113, IT5, 117,
118,119,120,121. some ac-
count pf him, 113. called by
his party 'Villiam the Con-
queror, I J 4. worsted at the
battle of I.lansdown, 122,
124, 605, 606. his farther
1l10Vements, I 26-1 3 I. routed
at Roundway-do\vn, 133-
135, 608, 609. an en!uity in
consequence between him and
the earl of Essex, 136. made
governor of the forces and mi-
litia in London, 189. retakes
Arundel castle, which had been
taken by lord Hopton, 457. has
the advantage over him at the
battle of Alresford, 426, n. 460.
his Inovements against Abing-
don and Oxford, 476, n. 47 8 .
-487. marches towards ,V or-
cester after the king, 4 8 9, 499.
worsted in the fight at Cropre-
dy bridge, 500. his part in the
second battle of Newbury,
583. opposed the self-denying
ordinance, v. 89. deprived of

his commission by it, 12 4,
132, 15 J. one of the leading
men in the house of commons,
454. his being nlade lord lieu-
tenant of Ireland opposed by
CrOlnwell, vi. 4, 346. impri-
soned by the comnlons, 208.
one of those who conferred at
Nortllllnlberland house about
the restoration of Charles II.
vii. 440.
'Val pole, Horace, W. iv. 24I.
Walsh, sir Robert, lord Co]e-
pepper's quarrel with, vi. 127,
12 9, 13 0 .
'Valsingham, - vii. 6 J .
'Valton - taken prisoner in
the rencounter near \V orcester,
iii. 626. one of the seven COIn-
nlissioners appointed by par-
liament to go\-"ern the army,
vii. 370. he, Haslerig, and
l\Iorley go to Portsmouth,
which declares for the parlia-
ment against the army, 376.
"\Vansford, sir Rowland, deputy
of Ireland, ii. 585, 588.
'Var with
pain, why declared
by parliament, i. 38. war de-
clared with France, 46. war
with France and Spain preju-
dicial to England, 69-73. the
levying of war in England,
from what day to be dated, ii.
liO. origin
f the Dutch war
with the English republic, vi.
59 8 .
'Varbeck, Perkin, ii. 535. iii. 3 I.
'Varburton, \Villiam, bishop of
Gloucester, his view of the in-
tentions of Charles I. UTe i. 8.
his bad opinion of the dulie of
Buckingham, 73. what fallacy,
accordilJ.e to him runs through
Clarendon's History, ib. his opi-
nion of queen Elizabeth's reign,
132. considers the king's not se-
curing the earl of Essex an in-
stance of his want of abilities

I N D E X.

to govern, 2 17. his ùaù opinion
of lord Hglland, 221, 478. ii.
2, 327. iii. 144,485. considers
the taking the earl of Strafforù
away from Ireland a fatal step.
i. 254, 265. what clause should
in his opinion have been in-
serted in the bill allowing the
parliament to dissolve itself,
and why, 459. considers that
the king should ha\-e risked any
thing rather than have signed
this bill, 475. his remark as to
the king's countenancing the
Irish rebellion, ii. 23. as to his
ungraciousness of Inanner, 35.
his reason why- the bishops do
not constitute a distinct estate
in parliament, I 19. his remark
on the qUéstion, which party
began the war, TV. iii. 15 I.
his opinion of the feelings of
the earl of Essex, and of the
king's friends after the battle
of Edge-hill, 299. considers
the ill success of the king's
arms to be chiefly owing to
prince Rupert, 327. his en-
comium of lord Clarendon's
virtue and integrit.y
549. and
of his qualification as a histo-
rian, 587. iv. 314. his oh-
servations on the king's over-
tures of peace, iv. 19, 53.
and on Hambden's charac-
ter, 95. considers the court to
h
ve been exceedingly tyran-
nIcal, I 13. and abandoned, vi.
82. his views of tbe objects of
the king and parliament, iV.3 27.
considers the king's conduct
throughout, with respect to
Ireland, to be free from blaIne,
although not in accordance
with his professions, 362. his
bad opinion of duke Hamilton
and his brother, 431. his ex-
planation of the f.'lctions
among the parliament com-

manders, before the self-deny-
ing ordinance, and the union of
the new commanders after-
ward
, 524. his opinion against
the divine right of episcopacy,
v. 56. vi. 168. in favour of the
dissolution of a coronation
oath, v. 56. and of an aliena-
tion of ch.llrch-Iand
, ib. his
opinion as to the difference of
the political views of the pres-
byterians and independents,
354. his remark on the king's
refusal to extirpate episcopacy
in England, when he had al-
lowed it in Scotland, 408. his
opinion of the inftuence of an
army in all revolutions, vi. 4 f .
his observation on Clarendon's
character of Charles I. 240.
\" ards, court of, odious to the
nobility and gentry, although
an unquestionable regal right,
i. 268.
\V are
colonel, i,.. 106.
'''are, sir Jmnes, iv. 393. \'iii. 59-
"Tarneford, - iii. 4f7.
\Varren, Henry, notice of, '.II.
3 80 .
\Varreston, -- vii, 375.
'Varwick, Robert Rich, second
earl of, i. 486, 487. ii. 606. iii.
99, n. 100, 10 3, 106, 107,
108,110,590,127,131,607,
618, 265. iv. 19. v. 13 I. ,.j.
24, 3 8 , 7 0 . a great patron of
the puritans, i. 319. yet shew-
ed no aversion from episco-
pacy, 409. concurred in the
a prosecution of archbishop
Laud and the earl of Strafford,
32 [. sworn a privy counsellor,
341. one of the governing
,"oices in the house of lords,
347, n. how far trusted, 348,
n. made warden of the ciuqup
ports, 48 I, 482. one of the
committee of the house of
lords to sit during the recess,

1 N }) E X.

ii. 9. nppointed vice-admiral
of the fleet without the king's
consent, 335-337. ordered
by the parliament to transport
the magazine from Hull to
London, 356. appointed by
the parliament lord high ad-
. miral, upon the king's revoca-
tion of the earl of Northnmber-
land's commission, iii. I 13,588.
appointed to cOlnmand an ar-
Jl1Y, but gave up his commission
upon the parliament's after-re-
solution that the earl of Essex
should be the only general,
335. his character, 560. at-
tempts with his fleet the re-
lief of Exeter, but does not
succeed, iv. 2 I 5. his patent of
lord high admiral, the first
thing sealed with the parlia-
ment's new broad seal, 341.
one of the few peers who at-
tended parliament
16 43. 403,
630. has great influence in
Essex, 464. one of those re-
commended to the king to be
intrusted with the power of
the militia for a certain tinIe,
\Y. 78. his cruel treatment of
Irish captives, 12 J. he and the
earl of l\Ianchester were the
t,vo pillars of the presbyterian
party, 464. they and others
withdraw from the parliament
to the army, ib. promised to
aid the earl of Holland in his
rising in favour of Charles II.
vi. 5. and why, 23. tbe par-
liament prepare a fleet under
him against the revolted fleet,
69. the prince of Wales writes
to him, ib. his answer, ib. the
prince went to sea towards
Holland, after having attempt-
ed to fight him, 7 J. he follows
him, ib. comes upon the coast
of Holland, 133. unable to
save the life of his brother, the

earl of IIolland, 257. his part
in the inauguration of Crom-
well as protector, vii. 209. his
death, 291. much lalnented by
Cromwell, who was his fast
friend, ib.
,r arwick,Charles Rich, fourth earl
of, one of the conlmittee sent
by parliament to ,vait on
Charles II. at the Hagne, ,'ii.
499.
'Vashington, colonel, his part ill
the siege of Bristol, iv. ) 44.
'Vatches, the house of lords di-
rect a writ to be issued out
to appoint them, ii. 87. the
commons discharge thenl, 88.
'Vaterford defence of, provided
for bv the lord lieutenant of
Irela
d, viii. 1 I I. Cromwell
obliged to raise the siege, 112.
unseasonable obstinacy of the
citizens, I J 5.
'Vatson, -- v. 49 8 , 514.
'Veb, -- v. 30.
'Veb, colonel ,rilliam, iv. 554,
556. (as major general) v. 273,
32 I.
'\Veemes, or ,\' emmes, - 'lnuch
obliged by Charles I. iv. 503.
yet sides with the parliament,
ib. taken prisoner in the fight
at Cro}Jredy-bridge, ib. com-
lllanded the artillery in the
Scotch army of Charles II.
vi. 489. was. a confessed good
olncer, ib.
\Venman, (see ''''ainman.)
'Ventworth, - iii. J 2.
Wentworth, George, iV.393.
'Ventworth, colonel Henrv, Ill.
266. .
\Ventworth, Thomas lord, v. 159,
n. 257, 25 8 , 261, 26 3, 273,
274. vi. 562. joined colonel
Goring at Portsmouth upon
his declaring for Charles I. iii.
19 I, n. one of the lords who
signed the letter to the pri\'y"

I N D E X.

council and conservators of the
peace in Scotland, iv. 632.
sent by lord Goring to the
prince of "r ales wi th certai n
demands, v. 236. which he
is persuaded not to deliver,
237. not willing to give up
the COl1unand devolved to hiln
by lord Goring, 27 1 , 272,
275, 3 0 3. his horse beaten at
Ashburton, 28 I. appointed to
command the horse, lord Hop-
ton being nlade general of the
renlains of the western army,
306, 308. he subnlits to this
charge, contrary to expectation,
307, 309. sent with others
from France by the queen to
con\'ey the prince of \Vales
thither from Jersey, 3 82 , 398.
how far concerned in the fac-
tions in the prince's fteet
vi.
63- resolved to attend Charles
II. into Scotland, 403. had
the command of the regiment
of guards raised by the king
frOIn his subjects in Flanders,
vii. 224.
'Ventworth, (see earl of Straf-
ford. )
\Vest, Charles I. 's affairs there,
iv. 95, 2 I I, 315. state of the
western counties when the
prince of 'Vales went to Bris-
tol, v. J 35. the affairs of the
west about the time of the
battle of Naseby, 18 7, 303.
designs in the west upon Ply-
l110uth and Exeter in favour of
Charles II. vii. 323.
\Vestfield, Thomas, made bishop
of Bristol, ii. 25.
\Vcstmeath, Robert Nugent, se-
cond earl of, ,.iii. 7 t, 16 4, 169-
'Vestnlinster, tumults about, i.
449, 86, 9 0 . distractions there
upon notice of t he army's
conling towards London, v.
44 0 .
VOL. VIII.

\Vestmoreland, 1\1ildmay Fane,
second earl of, one of thosc who
signed the declaration, that
Charles I. had no intentions of
war, iii. 72, 57 I. put under
restraint by parliament for his
loyalty, iv. 630.
\Veston, sir Richard, afterwards
made earl of Portland, i. 8 I .
463. IV. i. I I. ad vised the
dissolution of the third par-
liament of Charles I. i. 10.
to escape impeachment, ib.
what effect the public odiUlll
had upon him, ib. why such
advice was not to have been
expected from him, I I. made
lord treasurer through the
duke of Buckingham, 84,
87- whonl he so 111 ueh dis-
obliged, that he probably would
have been removed from that
post had the duke lived, 84.
his rise, ib. first sent as aJn-
bassador into
'landcrs, 85. his
character, 87. suspected of fa-
vouring the Homan religion,
89. yet never trusted by the
catholics, ib. agaÌI'lst whonl he
enforced the penal laws, 9 0 .
his debts twice paid by the
king, 90. W. in luc. who also
gave him Chute forest in
Hampshire, 90. a ridiculous
anecdote respecting him and
Mr. Cæsar, 92. honours con-
ferred upon him, 95. why the
earl of Holland made con-
tinual war upon him, 1 I 2,
265. tries in vain to under-
nline archbishop Laud's influ-
ence with the king, 173. his
death, 95, 173.
\Veston, Thomas, iii. 191, 'JI.
\Vexford besieged by Cromwell,
viii. 105. betrayed by the go-
vernor of the castlc, ib. the
garrison basely Il1urdered, ib.
\Veymouth surrendered to thl
F f

I N D E X.

king.s forces, iv. 213. delivered
to the earl of Essex
497. sur-
prised by the king's party, v.
67 - lost again through lord
Goring's neglect, 82, 139-
'Vhaley, colonel, W. vi. 254. no-
tice of his rough nature, v.
486. commanded the guards
who had the custody of the
king at Hampton-c
urt, ib.
opposed Cron1\vell's being
Inade king, vii. 196. he, In-
goldsby, and Goffe advise the
protector Richard not to dis-
solve the parliament, and pro-
n1ise to support hiIn against
the new council of officers,
3 10. are imprisoned by that
council in consequence, 3 12.
'Vharton, Philip lord, ii. 420. iii.
47 I. vi. 193. one of the con1-
luissioners to treat with the
Scots at Rippon, i. 274. con-
curred in the prosecution of
archbishop Laud and the earl
of Strafford, 321. whon1 he
supported in the house of
lords, 347, n. one of the com-
lllittee of the house of lords to
sit during the recess, ii. 9. was
at the battle of Edge-hill, iii.
27 2 . carried the intelligence
of it to the house of lords,
30 I. one of the few lords who
attended parliament, I ó43. iv.
403, 63 0 .
'Vharton, sir Thomas, iv. 383.
\Vheeler, - intruded himself
about the prince of 'Vales, v.
201, n. accused of beastliness,
ib. forbid to come to court, ib.
his accusation of sir II. \Vind-
ham, 202, 'll. how settled, ib.
how far the chancellor was
concerned in these aftàirs, ib.
'Vhetcomb, Tristam, ii. 275, 27 6 ,
3 0 4, 457.
'Vhethall1, colonel, governor of
Porstmouth, received lIaslerig,

'Valton, and l\Iorlev there,
vii. 376. and declared for the
parliament against tbe army,
377.
\Vhitaker, Laurence, Í. 308.
'Vhitchcot, colonel, governor of
'Vindsor castle, would not al-
low king Charles to be buried
according to the fornl of the
Common Prayer Book, vi. 242.
White, - a grave lawyer, no-
toriously disaffected to the
church, i. 348. chairman of
the committee of the comrnons
about religion
ib.
'Vhite, - servant to Charles I.
Ill. 330.
'Vhite, -- a Roman catholic
priest, particulars respecting
his death, viii. 167,169, 170.
'Vhite, (see'Vhyte.)
'Vhitehead, colonel, present with
the parliament troops at the
siege of Basing-house, Ï\'.552.
'Vhitford, colonel, one of the
marquis of l\lountrose's offi-
cers, vi. 42 I. why not exe-
cuted with the rest, ib. had
joined iu the lllurder of
Charles I. ib.
'Vhitlock,Bulstrode, W.ii. 34, \'.
179, 343. \'i. 254. vii. 2, 120,
490. one of the parliament
commissioners to treat with
the king at Oxford, iii. 486,
528. and to treat at Uxbridge,
v. 36. reason for his adhering
to the parliament, 76. was in
favour of the self-denying or-
dinance, 90. his part in the
inauguration of Cronnvell as
protector, vii. 209. the com-
mittee of safety make hinl
keeper of their great seal, 375-
his opinion of lord Coventry at
variance with that of lord Cla-
rendon; according to bishop
'Varburton, the latter was the
better judge, W. i. 82.

I N D E X.

'Vhvte, sir Robert
yd-
ll
Y'S agent, W. i. J05.
'Vibrant, Daniel, iv. 373.
'Vichwvch, sir Peter,' controller
of tl
e king's household, one
of those who signed the de-
claration, that the king had no
intentions of war, iii. 7 2 , 57 1 .
had been ambassador at Con-
stantinople, 550. notice of
him, 551. died very shortly
after the treaty at Oxford, ib.
'V idringtoll, (see 'Yithrington.)
'Vight, Isle of, (see :KewpOl.t.)
'Vild, sergeant, the parliament
request of the king to make
him chief baron of the ex-
chequer, iii. 407. one of the
commissioners to whonl the
parliament intrusted their new
broad seal, iv. 340. he chiefly
having averred their legal
power to make one, ib. nlade
chief baron of the exchequer
by the parlialnent, v. 5 I I.
presided at the trial of cap-
tain Burlv, condemned for
stirring up the people of the
Isle of 'Yight in t1.vour of
Charles I. ib. his instructions
to the grand jury to acquit
Rolph, charged with a design
on the king's life, vi. 198.
\Vildman, .J ohn, a leveller, an
account of, vii. 41. signed the
anabaptists' address to Charles
II. 266.
'Vilkins, - W. v. 483.
'''ilks, colonel, one of the com-
nlissioners appointed by l\lonk
to treat with the oft-icers of the
army at London, vii. 379. im-
P risoned bv him for havinO'
. ö
consented to something con-
trary to his instructiong, 3 8 7.
\Villiam of 'Vickham, founder of
New colle
e, Oxford, iii. .;65.
\Villiams, John, bishop of Lin-
coln, afterwards archbishop of

\:" ork, i. 13, 19, 534. ii. 9, 9 0 .
U T . i. 8 I. i1. 9. unfit for the
keepership of the great seal, i.
81. renloved howe\?er fronl it
owing to the displeasure of
the duke of Buckingham, ib.
takes the lead against arch-
bishop Laud's alterations with
respect to the communion-
table and ot.her ecclesiastical
matters, i. 171. ii. 104- obser-
\'ation respecting his treatise,
Holy Altar, name and thing,
i. 171. IV. in loco bi3hop \Var-
burton's favourable opinion
of it, TV. ii. 104. proposes in
the house of lords, that the
bishops might be excused fron1
attending the earl of Straf-
ford's trial, i. 380. ii. I I J. no-
tice of his being made arch-
bishop of York, i. 534. his
ignominious advice to the king
to sign the bill condemning
the earl for treason, ii. I I I,
451. would probably have been
111urdered by the Iuob about
the house of peers, if he had
not been rescued, ii. 90, 1 J 3.
an unfavourable account of
him, T 02. notice of his impri..
sonment by the star-chamber,
105. censure of certain points
of his conduct, J 09. bishop
,V arbllrton's vindication of
him, 1V. in loe. his insolent
conduct after he was n1ade
archbishop of York, 112. the
bill against the bishops re-
ceived in the commons out of
hatred to him, 113. he advises
the bishops to protest against
the legality of the Pl.oceedings
of the house of lords during
their constrained absence, ib.
copy of the protest drawn up
by him, 114, 116.
'Villiamson, don Henriquc, af-
terwards called Rosewell, the
Ff2

I N I> j
X.

resiùent of Denmark at l\Ia-
drid, notice of, "i. 376, n.
'Villis, sir Richard, governor of
Newark, v. 295. why the king
resolved to remove him from
this charge, 297. his resist-
ance to this intention, 298.
ordered by the king never to
come into his presence again
in consequence of his beha-
viour, 299. a petition and re-
l1wnstrance in his fa,'our bv
several officers, 300. discovery
of his treaehery in betraying
the plans for the restoration
of Charles II. vii. 324. 1-17. vii.
243. his dmracter, 326. bi-
shop. 'Varburton's observation
on the cause that led him to
t hi
treachery, 1V. vii. 327.
'Villoughhy,
"'rancis, h'. 393.
'Villoughby, l\Iountague Bertie,
lord, afterwards second earl of
Lindsey, "i. 244. one of those
who signed the declaration,
that the king had no inten-
tions of war, iii. 72, 571. had
served in I-Iolland, 251, n.
cOlluuanded the l\ing's guards
in the battle of Edge-hill, ib.
274. taken prisoner in endea-
vouring to rescne his father,
279, 633, 29 2 . (as earl of
Lindsey,) one of the lords who
signed the letter to the privy-
conncil and conservators of
peace in Scotland, iv, 632.
was at the battle of N asebv,
v. 18 I. one of those the kil
g
desired of parliament might
attend him in the Isle of
'Vight, vi. 108. present at his
funeral, 241.
'''illoughby of Parham, Francis
lord, vi. J 34- executes the
ordinance of the militia in
Lincolnshire, iii. ] 21. urged
the earl of Essex to pursue
the tdng after the hnttle of

Edge-hill, "V. ii. 299. one of
the few lords who attended
parliament, 1643. iv. 403, 630.
was of great esteem amongst
the presbyterians, though not
tainted with their principles,
vi. 35. left the parliament
and went to Holland, ib. ap-
pointed by the duke of \.,. ork
his vice-admiral, ib. 36. re-
tained the post out of duty to
the king against his inclina-
tion, 138. succeeded by prince
Rupert, 148, 149. removed by
parliament fronl the govern-
ment of Barbadoes, 610. a de-
sign of surprising Lynne by
him and sir H. Townsend,
vii. 322. both apprehended be-
fore they effected it, 332.
'''ilnlot, Henry, afterwards lord,
and subseqt;ently earl of Ro-
chester, i. 385. iii. 160, 593,
161,188, 1l. 190. iv. 28, 230.
vi. 544, 579. W. Ì. 428. taken
prisoner in the rout at New-
burn, i. '278. restored to the
king by the Scotch (,0I11111is-
sioners, 279. very indevoted
towards the earl of Strafford,
ib. how far concerned in t hp
. correspondence between tht>
court and the army, 4i o , 47 I.
ii. 4, 458. ÏInprisoned in con-
seqnence, 535. made commis-
sary general of the king's
horse, iii. 610. want of courage
imputed to him, 188, 1l. 190.
iv. 259. wounded in the ren-
counter near 'Vorcester, iii.
235, 23 6 , 62 5. commanded
the left wing of horse at the
battle of Edge-hill, 274, 63 I,
278, 634. prince Rupf'rt irre-
concileably prejudiced against
him. 320. 'lI. iv. 138, 472. was
not fast in the king's fa,'our,
iii. 320, n. iv. 138. and why.
i,.. 52 i. mafic lieutcn:lllt gene-

1 N 1)
x.-

ral, iii. 339. takes l\farlbo-
rough, which had been garri-
soned by the parliament, 340
-342. routs sir 'V. 'Valler at
Roundway-down, iv. 132-
135, J3 8 , 608-610. retires to
Oxford to attend the king, 140.
one of the lords who signed
the Jetter to the privy-council
and conservators of the peace
in Scotland, 632. much con-

lIlted by the king on n1ilitary
atlàirs, iv. 47 T. his character,
472,527. v. 2. loved debauch-
CI.Y, ib. his hostility against the
secretarv of state and master
of the
olls, (lord Digby and
sir .T. Colepepper,) 473, 498.
('harged with ill-humour and
negligence in not beating up
the enemy's quarters, 4i9,
.....80. advises that the king
should march towards Lon-
don, 498. why he urged peace,
527, 528, arrested for high
treason, 529. by lord Digby's
contrivance, according to bi-
shop 'Varburton, TV. iv. 53 2 .
against the ,,"ishes of the army,
iv. 53 2 , 533. upon lord Go-
ring's being pnt in command
O\Ter him, he obtains leave to
retire into France J 533. notice
of his having been made a
lord through the queen's in-
terest, v. 100, 'Il. sent with
ot.hers from France by the
queen, to bring the prince of
'Vales thither out of France,
3 82 . how far eoncerned in the
factions in the prinee of"" ales's
Hect, vi. 63. resolved to at-
tend Charles II.. into Scotland,
4 0 3. assists him to escape ont
of England after the batt Ie of
\Y Ol.cester, 524-,'\ 29, 532-
53 6 , 539-54 T, one of the
king's new council, 56 T. soli-
('its t he king t n mal\e him an

earl, 588. who makes him earl
of Rochester, and sends him
to the diet at Ratisbon, vii. 5 I,
52. his return, 105. obtains
leave of the king to go into
England to aid a rising in his
favour, 134. he designs for the
north, 137, '38. his ill success,
145. an accident that befell
him in his return to London,
146. deceived by l\Ianning.
150-154. has the cOlllmand
of one of the four regiments
raised by the king from his
sUQjects in }'landers, '224.
lrïmbledon, Edward Cecil, vis-
count, murmurs against him
for the failure at Cadiz, i. 70.
had been a soldier in Holland,
ib.
\\rinchester taken by Cromwell,
\". 337.
\Yinehester, John Paulet, fifth
marquis of, commanded a gar-
rison in Basing-house, his seat,
iv. 551. relieved frolll a siege
by colonel Gage, 552. again
besieged and relieved, 593.
\'ïnchest
I., Honora de Burgh,
marchioness of, iv. 552.
\Vindebank, \Vinnebank, Chris-
topher, son of sir Francis, bred
at
Iagdalen college, Oxford,
'Ti. 3 82 , 1l. sent into Spain, ib.
reduced to poverty by mar-
riage, ib. changed his religion,
ib. useful to Charles II.os am-
bassadors there, ib.
'Vindebank, sir Francis, secre-
tary of state, i. 371,393. ii.
54. TV. i. 3 T 2, 314. one of the
committee of state, i. '264.
being accused by the house of
commons, withdrcw beyoHd
sea, 3 1 J, 529. anecdotc con-
ccrning him and a. priest, 3 I 2,
5 2 7. he lay under the rt'-
proach of t
HTonrin?: tlw ca-
tholi

, 5 :!ó.

I N D E X.

'Vindham, colonel Edmund, v.
147, 195, 197- accompanied
the marquis of I-I
rtford into
the ,vest, iii. 18 I. high sheriff
of Somersetshire, i v. I II. made
go\'ernor of Bridgewater, ib.
notice of him, ib. 573- the
blockade of Taunton intrusted
to him, 573. v. 138. which he
is forced to raise, v. J 3 8 , 195.
particulars of his design of be-
ing l11ade secretary of state, vi.
335-338. the king chiefly di-
verted fronl appointing him by
lord Cottington's ingenious
story, 3,'19.
'VÍ1ldham, colonel Francis, pre-
vailed on l\ir. Lntterel, owner
of Dunstar castle, to deliver it
up to the king, iv. 110. is made
governor of it, ib. which he
surrendered upon fair condi-
tions at the end of the war, vi.
533. notice of him, ib. assisted
Charles II. in his escape out of
England after the battle of
'\Vorcester, 533-535, 539.
'Vindham, sir Hugh, concern-
ed in the complaint against
'Vheeler, v. 201, n. 202, 11.
'Vindhmu, 1\1rs. Charles II.'s
nurse, v. 153. diverted him
from business, and prejudiced
him against his council, ib. her
object, 154.
'\Vingate, captain, member of the
house of COllUllons, taken pri-
soner in the rencounter near
'V orcester, iii. 236.
'\Vinnebank, (see 'Vindebank.)
'''inniff, Thomas, made bishop of
Lincoln, ii. 25.
'Vinter, John, ii. 187.
'Yise, - mayor of Gloucester,
iv. ] 79.
'Vishart, Dr. vi. 288.
'Vi t, (see De 'Vi t. )
'Vithrington, "Villiam, lord, one
of the lords who signed the

letter to the privy-council and
conservators of the peace in
Scotland, iv. 633- goes with
the earl of Derby to support
Charles II.'s cause in Derbv-
shire, vi. 497. killed in the
fight at 'Yigan, 503. his cha-
racter, 504. had been a mem-
ber of the house of commons,
505. had quitted the kingdonl
with the 111arquis of Newcastle,
ib. and had returned to Scot-
land with Charles II. ib.
'Vithrington,sirThomas, W. ii. 34.
speaker of the house of com-
mons, 1657. vii. 205. his part
in the inauguration of CrOln-
well as protector, vii. 209.
Wogan, captain, was, when a
youth, engaged in the parlia-
n1ent service, vii. 55. and ,vas
greatly in Ireton's friendship,
ib. joined the marquis of Or-
nlond in support of the king's
cause in Ireland, 56. where he
defended Duncannon against
Cromwell, viii. I 13. joins 1\iid-
dleton in his scheme for the
king in Scotland, vii. 56. where
he died in consequence of a
wound, 58.
'Volfe, father, viii. 28, 1l. raises
a tumult in Limerick upon the
lord lieutenant's approac11,
viii. 143. hanged by the Eng-
lish rebels upon the surrender
of the town, 228.
,V olfelte, Cornificus, ambassador
extraordinary from Denmark
at the Hag;.e, encourages the
marquis of l\lountrose to go to
Denmark for aid to the ro,'al
cause, vi. 3 15, 4 0 9. cause J of
his subsequent ruin, 3 15.
'Volsey, cardinal, i. 396.
,V ood, sir Henry, the queen's
treasurer, vi. 568.
'Vorcester, a rencounter near
there, wherein prince Rupert

I N D E X.

get
the better, iii. 235, 625.
whkhpro
dofgre

n-
tage to the king, 236. sir 'v.
'Valler conu's before it, but is
repulsed, iv. 29. Charles II.
defeated there by CromwelJ,
vi. 5 I O.
\V orcester, I-Ienry SOlnerset, first
marquis of, iii. 463. generally
reputed the greatest monied
man in the kingdom, -1-64. why
perhaps disposed to lend to
the king, ib. garrisoned his
house, Ragland-castle, v. 221.
the king makes a short stay
with him, ib. bravely defended
it against Fairfax, 424. and
surrendered on honollrablecon-
ditions, ib.
,V orcester, second luarquis of"
(see lord Herbert.)
'" orrington, by Launceston in
Devon, granted by Charles I.
to sir Rd. Greenvil, v. 214.
'Votten-Basset, Hyde, (lord Cla-
rendon,) member of parliament
for, 1640. i. 233, n.
,V ren, l\latthew, bishop of N or-
wich, and afterwards of Ely,
JV. i. 137, 409. notice of him,
i. J 84. the Scotch liturgy and
canons when framed were to be
submitted to him, abp. Laud,
and br. Juxon, i. 184, 185,
J 9 I. cOlnplaints against him,
358. one of the bishops who
signed the protestation against
their constrained absence frOln
the house of lords, ii. I 16.
proceeded passionately against
the foreign artisans in the dio-
cese of Norwich, to the injury
of trade, iii. 365.
"Tright, sir Benj. vi. 360, 3 61 ,
3 62 , 3 6 3. some account of,
365, and n. .
\Vright, Rt. bishop of Litchfield
and Coventry, one of the bi.
shops who signed the protes-

.

tation against their constrained
absence fronl the house of
lords, ii. I 16.
'V)at, sir Dudley
v. 3 1 5, 35 8 ,
3 68 .
\Vych, (see '''ich.)
\Vyndham, - a parliament
officer wounded in the ren-
counter near 'V orcester, Ill.
626. (see 'Vindhmn.)
Y.
1"'eomans, - alderman of
Bristol, banged for a corre-
spondence with prince llupert,
iV.57.
York, an occurrence there, which
was a sad presage of subse-
quent misfortunes, iii. 186. de-
livered up to the parlimnent
forces, Îv. 513.
'Y ork, court of, a vote passed in
parliament against, i. 4 18, 42 I.
York, duke of, afterwards James
II. iii. J 57. v. 9. vi. 34, 33 2 ,
5 68 , 61 7. vii. 7 1 , 84,99,236,
277, 282, 3 2 4, 3 62 , 45 I. viii.
2 13, fV. vii. 30 I. sent to lIull
by Charles I. and wen received
by sir J. IIotham, ii. 382, n.
383, 385. notice of his being
installed knight of the garter,
610. he and the prince of
'Vales sent by the king out of
the battle of Edge-hilJ, when
it was doubtful, iii. 633, 280.
signed the letter sent by the
house of lords at Oxford to
the earl of Essex, iv. 402. left
by the king at Oxford, 485. v.
] 79. fell into the parliament's
hands at the surrender of that
place, 453, 47 I, n. and was
conlmiUed to the care of the
earl of Northumberland, ib.
how treated by him, ib. the
king's con\iersation with him
at IIampton-court by leavc
of parliament, 472. who re-
commended him, if possihle,

I N D E X.

to escape to Holland J ib. whi-
ther he escapes in woman's
apparel by the assistance of
Bamfield, vi. I 8, J 9. well re-
ceived by the princess royal of
Orange, hIs sister, 19. sir J.
Berkley made his governor in
tIle absence of lord Bvron, 20.
goes to the English W fleet at
Helvoe
sluys, 33. appoints lord
'Villoughby of Parham hj

vicc-adn1iral, 35. sent to the
Hague by the prince of 'Vales,
3 6 , 79. his condition there,
and the factions among his
followers, 126. had been in-
stigated by Bamfield to be pos-
sessed of the government of
the fleet, but was con"inced
,vith much ado, that it was
neither safe for him nor his fa-
ther's sen-ice, 139. particulars
respecting him left with the
queen, 47 I. sir E. Herbert and
sir G. Ratcliff bave great inter-
est with him, 474. they re-
comnlend to him the þattern
of the duke of Lorrain, ib. goes
to Brussels in order to visit
the duke, 476. his two coun-
senors propose a match for
bin1 with the duke's bastard
daughter, 478. he visits his
sister at the Hague, 479. the
factions in his family at Breda,
483. he returns to l>aris to the
queen, 484. the necessities and
factions of his family, 558.
urged to enter into the French
service, 559, 560. deliberations
in the council whether he should
enter, 566. the chancellor of
the exchequer's opinion satis-

factory to all parties, 567. he
goes into the army, ib. receiv-
ed with every respect by marshal
Turenne, ib. his go\'ernor, lord
Byron, dies, 588. he is pleased
with war, ib. sir J. Berkley de-
signs mademoiselle de Longue-
ville for his wife, 589. he
was not averse from marriage,
but would not act without
the king's and queen's consent,
590. cardinal l\lazarine gives
him notice that he must quit
the French service, vii. 229.
obtains of the king that sir H.
Bennet should be sent envoy
to l\1adrid, 235. leaves Paris,
and goes to the king at BrugeB,
ib. charged several times on
horseback at the battle of Dun-
kirk, 284. retÏred to Newport,
285. goes to Bologne, 330,
33 I. confers with Turenne,
who offers assistance for any
probable enterprise in Eng-
land, 337. returns to Brussels,
ib. the king of Spain offers to
Inake him his admiral, 363,
3 14, n. which he accepts, 3 6 4,
394. as admiral he takes pos-
session of the English fleet,
which conveyed Charles II. to
England, 498. ten thousand
pounds sent him by the Eng-
lish parliament, 499.
York, archbishop of, (see J. Wil-
limlls. )
z.
Zested, Hannibal, the Danish
ambassador at Madrid lived
there in extraordinary splen-
dour, vi. 376, n.
Zouch, Edward lord, iii. 550.

THE END.

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DA
400
. C4 2'
v.8

Clarendon, Edward Hyde,

1st earl of,
1609-1674
The history of the
rebellion and civil
wars in England :

.

....

-

.